考研考博-英語(yǔ)-呼倫貝爾學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-呼倫貝爾學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen

foritsstreetviolenceanddisorder.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notorious

B.famous

C.illegal

D.responsible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Notorious“臭名昭著的”；famous“著名的”；illegal“非法的”；responsible“負(fù)責(zé)的”。句意：該市那個(gè)地區(qū)由于街頭暴力和無(wú)秩序而長(zhǎng)時(shí)間臭名昭著。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Theorganizationissueacryofalarmlastweekciting“______evidence”thatthosechildrenarenotreceivingthesamequalityofeducationastheirricherpeers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparing

B.completing

C.compelling

D.composing

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)comparing“比較”；B選項(xiàng)completing“完整”；C選項(xiàng)compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”；D選項(xiàng)composing“組成；創(chuàng)作；起鎮(zhèn)靜作用的”。句意：該組織在上周發(fā)出了警告，稱有令人信服的證據(jù)表明，這些孩子沒(méi)有得到與富裕孩子同等的教育。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”搭配evidence“證據(jù)”比較合理，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thesecontinual（

）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transitions

B.transformations

C.exchanges

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transition“過(guò)渡”；B選項(xiàng)transformation“轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改革；變形”；C選項(xiàng)exchange“交換；交流”；D選項(xiàng)fluctuation“起伏；波動(dòng)”。句意：溫度的持續(xù)……使人沒(méi)法決定穿什么。只有氣溫上下波動(dòng)，才讓人不好選擇穿什么衣服，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Oneofthefirst（

）ofreducedburninginAmazonrainforestswasthechestnutindustry:smoketendstodriveouttheinsectthat,bypollinatingchestnuttree,allowchestnutstodevelop.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reformers

B.casualties

C.critics

D.beneficiaries

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。reformer改革家，改良者；casualty傷亡人員；critics評(píng)論家；beneficiaries受益人。句意：在亞馬遜雨林中減少焚燒的直接受益者之一是栗子工業(yè)：通過(guò)給栗樹(shù)授粉，使栗子發(fā)育的昆蟲(chóng)往往會(huì)被煙霧趕走。根據(jù)冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容可判斷空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)正面的積極詞匯，故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Andersonheldouthisarmsto（）theattack,butthesharkgrabbedhisrightforearmanddived.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnoff

B.wardoff

C.triggeroff

D.calloff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)turnoff“關(guān)掉”；B選項(xiàng)wardoff“避開(kāi)、擋住”；C選項(xiàng)triggeroff“引起、激起”；D選項(xiàng)calloff“取消、放棄”，句意為：安德森伸出雙臂擋住鯊魚(yú)的攻擊，但鯊魚(yú)咬住他的右前臂，潛入水中。wardoff“避開(kāi)、擋住”符合題意，因此選B。

6.單選題

Thekneeisthejoint（

）thethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.where

C.why

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞thejoint是從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，表示連接的地方。句意：膝蓋是大腿骨和小腿脛的連接處。

7.單選題

Legally,thetermrefersto“anysubstance,with[A]intendeduse,whichresultsormayreasonablyexpectedtoresult—directlyorindirectly—[B]fromitsbecomingacomponentor[C]otherwiseaffectingthecharacteristicsofanyfood”.Thisdefinitionincludesanysubstanceusedintheproduction,processing,[D]treatment,packaging,transportationorstorageoffood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intended

B.from

C.otherwiseaffecting

D.treatment

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)義。D選項(xiàng)treatment“處理，待遇”與其前面的processing“加工”在詞義上是重復(fù)的，應(yīng)刪除。

8.單選題

Thelecturerwanderedfromhistextto（）onapointthathadobviouslycaughthisaudience’sinterest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.elaborate

B.interrupt

C.explain

D.emphasize

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)elaborate“詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，闡述；詳盡計(jì)劃（常與on連用）”；B選項(xiàng)interrupt“中斷；打斷；插嘴；妨礙”；C選項(xiàng)explain“說(shuō)明；解釋”；D選項(xiàng)emphasize“強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重”。句意：這位演講者離開(kāi)他的正文，去詳盡闡述明顯讓他的觀眾感興趣的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Studentsofthegreatsociety,lookingatmankindinthelongperspectiveofhistory,havefrequentlybeendisposedtoseekanexplanationofexistingculturaldifferencesamongracesandpeoplesinsomesingledominatingcauseorcondition.Oneschoolofthoughthasfoundthatexplanationinclimateandinthephysicalenvironment.Anotherschoolhassoughtanexplanationofdivergentculturesintheinnatequalitiesofracesbiologicallyinherited.Thesetwotheorieshavethisincommon,namely,thattheybothconceivecivilizationandsocietytobetheresultofevolutionaryprocesses—processesbywhichmanhasacquirednewinheritabletraits—ratherthanprocessesbywhichnewrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenmen.

Incontrasttobothofthese,thereisthecatastrophictheoryofcivilization.Fromthispointofview,climateandinnateracialtraits,importantastheymayhavebeenintheevolutionofraces,havebeenofonlyminorinfluenceincreatingexistingculturaldifferences.Infact,racesandcultures,sofarfrombeinginanysenseidentical—oreventheproductsofsimilarconditionsandforces—areperhapstobesetoveragainstoneanotherascontrasteffects,theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem.Atanyrate,ifitistruethatracesaretheproductsofisolationandinbreeding,itisjustascertainthatcivilization,ontheotherhand,isaconsequenceofcontactandcommunication.Theforceswhichhavebeendecisiveinthehistoryofmankindarethosewhichhavebroughtmentogetherinfruitfulcompetition,conflict,andcooperation.

Amongthemostimportantoftheseinfluenceshavebeen—accordingtowhatIhavecalledthecatastrophictheoryofprogress—migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned.“Everyadvanceinculture,”saysBucher,inhisIndustrialEvolution,“commences,sotospeak,withanewperiodofwandering,”andinsupportofthisthesishepointsoutthattheearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.“Thegreatfoundersofreligion,theearliestpoetsandphilosophers,themusiciansandactorsofpastepochs，areallgreatwanderers.Eventoday,donottheinventor,thepreacherofanewdoctrine,andthevirtuosotravelfromplacetoplaceinsearchofadherentsandadmirers—notwithstandingtheimmenserecentdevelopmentinthemeansofcommunicatinginformation?”

Theinfluencesonmigrationshavenotbeenlimited,ofcourse,bythechangeswhichtheyhaveeffectedinexistingcultures.Inthelongrun,theyhavedeterminedtheracialcharacteristicsofhistoricalpeoples.“Thewholeteachingofethnology,”asGriffithTaylorremarks,“Showthatpeoplesofmixedracearetheruleandnottheexceptions.”Everynation,uponexamination,turnsouttohavebeenamoreorlesssuccessfulmelting-pot.Tothisconstantsiftingofracesandpeoples,humangeographershavegiventhetitle“thehistoricalmovement,”because,asMissSemplesays,“itunderliesmostwrittenhistoryandconstitutesthemajorpartofunwrittenhistory,especiallythatofsavageandnomadictribes.”

Changesinracedoinevitablyfollowchangesinculture.Themovementsandminglingofpeopleswhichbringrapid,sudden,andoftencatastrophicchangesincustomsandhabitsarefollowed,inthecourseoftime,asaresultofinterbreeding,bycorrespondingmodificationsintemperamentandphysique.Therehasprobablyneverbeenaninstancewhereraceshavelivedtogetherintheintimatecontactswhichacommoneconomyenforcesinwhichracialcontiguityhasnotproducedracialhybrids.However,changesinracialcharacteristicsandinculturaltraitsproceedatverydifferentrates,anditisnotoriousthatculturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically.

1.Whatdoestheauthorbelievetobethegreatestinfluenceoncultureresultingingreaterculturaldiversity?

2.Accordingtothearticle,humancivilizationandcultureflourishedbecauseof（

）.

3.Inthearticle,theauthordefineshisnotionof“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredtobeanexampleofthistheory?

4.Theauthordescribesthefirstformsofindependentoccupationasbeing

（

）.

5.Whathistoricalsignificancedoesthearticleplaceonethnicityandacculturation?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Geographicfactors.

B.Biologicaldifferences.

C.Evolution.

D.Cross-culturalcommunication.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tradeandtheneedforeconomicprogress

B.religiousindoctrinationofapeople

C.hostilitybetweenraces

D.civilizations’diversephilosophies

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.RomanimperialismandtheassimilationofpeoplesintotheRomanEmpire.

B.Thestudyofastrologyanditsculturalimplications.

C.TheMayanpracticeofritualsacrifice.

D.TheWomen’sLiberationMovementinAmerica.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.carriedoutforthepurposeoftradeandculturalexchange

B.migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies

C.encouragedbyautocratstoincreaseacivilization’swealth

D.superfluoustoacivilization’sculturalimpact

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Historicallyethicindependencehasbeennegatedbytheencroachmentofothercultures.

B.Historicallyglobalizationhasdestroyedculturalautonomy.

C.Historicallyculturalisolationhassuccumbedtomultiracialismandmulticulturalism

D.Historicallyacculturationresultedfromtheexpansionofcivilization.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段提到了關(guān)于種族和民族文化差異的兩種理論，一種傾向于氣候和物質(zhì)環(huán)境，一種則側(cè)重生物遺傳特性，分別對(duì)應(yīng)A和B選項(xiàng)，都不是作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。在第一段最后提到，這兩種理論有共同點(diǎn)：文化和社會(huì)是進(jìn)化過(guò)程的產(chǎn)物，也就是evolution。這一點(diǎn)由作者歸納得來(lái)，并且在下文中展開(kāi)講述，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。人類文化和文明繁榮昌盛的原因出現(xiàn)在第二段“…theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem”，可知文化繁榮以種族差異為代價(jià)，是敵對(duì)趨勢(shì)的結(jié)果。因此C選項(xiàng)“種族之間的敵對(duì)”符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。作者關(guān)鍵詞“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”后緊接著以破折號(hào)做出了定義“migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned”，作者認(rèn)為遷移以及附帶的沖突、矛盾和融合帶來(lái)了所謂的thecatastrophictheoryofprogress。分析選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項(xiàng)“羅馬帝國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張以及人們?nèi)谌肓_馬帝國(guó)”符合作者的定義。因此A選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到“...theearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.”最早的貿(mào)易形式是移動(dòng)性的，早期的各種行業(yè)也是流動(dòng)性的，它們將人們從家務(wù)中解放出來(lái)，并形成獨(dú)立的職業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)“migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies”與這點(diǎn)相符合。因此B選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。本文主要講遷移對(duì)種族的影響和文化變遷。最后一段提到“culturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically”，文化的變化并沒(méi)有得到鞏固和生物上的傳播。C選項(xiàng)“歷史文化孤立已經(jīng)屈服于多種族主義和多元文化主義”與其相符合。A、B和D選項(xiàng)文中未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.翻譯題

Themostintensiveformsofrurallanduseforagriculturalpurposesarethoseconcernedwithharvestablecropsorwiththeproductionofanimalproducts.Unlikeprimitiveagriculture,whichinvolvedonlythetemporaryremovalofnaturalvegetationanddependedforashortperiodoftimenaturalsoilfertility,conventionalagriculturetodayuseslargeinputsofchemicals,energyandtechnicalskillstoproduceincreasedyieldsofcropsoranimals.Inthetechnologicallyadvancedcountriesfoodproductionisoftengreaterthanpopulationgrowth,anditispossibletoretireformerfarmlandsfromuseandtoproducecropsaccordingtodemandwithoutapproachingthemaximumyieldsobtainable.Theso-calledGreenRevolutionhasbeenbasedonthespreadsuchfarmingmethodstolessdevelopednationoftheworld.Ithasbeenmadepossiblebythebreedingofhigh-yieldingformsofgrainspecificallyadaptedtotheecologicalconditionsofthecountriesinvolved.Thedecisiontouseanareaoflandforhigh-yieldagricultureessentiallyrulesoutitsuseforattarpurposes.Theintensiveproductionoffarmcropsinanagriculturalregionmayalsohavesideeffects;ashasbeenpreviouslynoted,thesemayincludethepollutionofotherthepesticides,herbicides,orotheragriculturalchemicalsblownorwashedfromfarmlandsaffectvegetationandanimallifeelsewhere.Nevertheless,committinganareatointensiveagriculturalproductiondoesnotruleoutitsfuturerestorationforotheruses.Aslongasthesoilsarewellcaredfor,suchareascanbeconvenedquicklytootherpurposesifitisnotnecessarytokeeptheminfarmproduction.AbandonedfarmlandsinthesouthernUnitedStates,forexample,arenowhighlyproductiveforestareas,andformerfanninglandselsewherearebeingusedtosupportwildlifeandoutdoorrecreation.Ingeneralplanningforconservationofnaturalresources,intensiveuseandhighproductioninthoseareasbestsuitedforfarmingmustbeofcourse,thatthepollutingeffectsoftheseactivitiesonthegeneralenvironmentareavoided.Suchconcentrationcansparethedestructionofotherresourcesthroughtouseinadequatelandsformarginalfarmingactivities.

【答案】最密集的農(nóng)業(yè)用途的農(nóng)村土地使用形式與提高農(nóng)作物或者動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量有關(guān)。原始農(nóng)業(yè)涉及的僅僅是自然植被的臨時(shí)遷移，還有短時(shí)間內(nèi)依靠自然土壤的肥力，與之不同的是，今天的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)使用大量的化學(xué)品，能源還有技術(shù)技能，從而農(nóng)作物和動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量得到很大的提高。技術(shù)先進(jìn)國(guó)家食物產(chǎn)量的增長(zhǎng)往往比人口增長(zhǎng)快，并有可能讓之前的農(nóng)田荒廢，根據(jù)需求生產(chǎn)作物，避免其索取接近最高產(chǎn)量。所謂的綠色革命一直立足于向世界欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家傳播這種耕作方式。通過(guò)播種適應(yīng)于當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的高產(chǎn)作物可能實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。決定使用某個(gè)地方來(lái)種植高產(chǎn)農(nóng)作物后，基本排除了將這個(gè)地方做其他用途。農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)的集約化農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)也有副作用；之前已經(jīng)提到過(guò)，這些可能包括其他地區(qū)的污染比如農(nóng)藥、除草劑或者從其他農(nóng)田風(fēng)刮過(guò)來(lái)或者沖過(guò)來(lái)的農(nóng)用化學(xué)品，這些都會(huì)影響到其他地方的植被和動(dòng)物。然而，將一個(gè)地區(qū)專項(xiàng)集約化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)并不排除將來(lái)將其恢復(fù)用于其他用途。只要土壤被保護(hù)得好，這些地區(qū)能夠很快被轉(zhuǎn)換到其他目的，其他是沒(méi)有必要再讓它們用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。例如，美國(guó)南部的棄耕地，現(xiàn)在是高生產(chǎn)力的森林地區(qū)，其他前耕作土地正在用來(lái)支持野生動(dòng)物和戶外休閑。對(duì)自然資源的保護(hù)，針對(duì)最適合耕種的區(qū)域的集約化利用和高產(chǎn)量的總體規(guī)劃當(dāng)然應(yīng)該避免這些活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染。這種集中通過(guò)利用邊際農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)中使用不足的土地可以免除對(duì)其他資源的破壞。

11.單選題

WhatweseewhenwephotographtheSunisahugeglowingballofgas.Underneaththishotandextremelybrightphotosphereliesothergaswhile,inthecentralpartsoftheSun,atomsarecontinuallybeingbrokendownandbuiltup.InthecenteroftheSunitisjustasifhundredsofthousandsofhydrogenbombswerecontinuallyexploding,andtheresultsofthisreachthephotosphere.Thisiswhythephotosphereshinessobrightlyandsendsoutx-raysandultra-violetlight.Yetsometimesdarkspotsappearonthephotosphereandthese“sunspots”areevidenceofgreatlyincreasedactivitybelow.Whensunspotsappear,greatburstsofthelongerradiowavesareoftenreceived.Theseareathousandtimesmoreintensethanthosewhichradio-astronomersnormallyreceiveandwhichcomesfromwhatiscalled“quiet”Sun,beingradiatedbythecoronaandthe“chromospheres”thatlayerofnotverybrightgaswhichliesjustabovethephotosphere.

Theseimmenseburstsofradiowavesareusuallyaccompaniedbyanintenselybrightareaof“flare”nearasunspot,anditisclearthattheyarecausedbyasuddenburstofthermalradiationfrombelowthephotosphere.ThevisibleflareandtheburstofradiowavesarealsoaccompaniedbyaburstofX-rays,ultra-violetrays,andatomicparticles.

Whentherearesunspotsbutnoflaresaccompanyingthem,theradiowavesemittedbythe“quiet”sundonotremainconstantbutbegantofluctuate,andtheradiosignalsgraduallybecomestronger.Thesechangesdonotcorrelatewithchangesinthenumberofsunspots,althoughithasbeenemittedbythe“quiet”Sundonotremainconstantbutbegantofluctuate,andtheradiosignalsgraduallybecomestronger.Thesechangesdonotcorrelatewithchangesinthenumberofsunspots,althoughithasbeenfoundthattheradiowavesseemtobegeneratedintheSun’satmosphereabovethesunspotsandnotinthesunspotsthemselves.Thechangesinradiosignalsdo,however,correlatewiththecalciumareasoftheSun’sspectrum.

Radioastronomyhashelpedconsiderablytoincreaseourknowledgeofthecorona.Beingvisuallyverydim,thecoronaishardtoobservebyopticalmeans,evenduringtotaleclipses.DuringsomeeclipsesithasbeentracedquitealongwayfromtheSunbutwasbelievedtoextendnomorethanabouttwomillionmilesatthemostabovethephotosphere.Directradiationofradiowavesfromthecoronahasbeenreceivedduringdaylightuptoabout1.5millionmiles.However,byexaminingadistantradiosourceastheSunpassesinfrontofit,itispossibletodiscoverhowfarthecoronaextendsbyobservinghowtheradiowavesfromthedistantsourceareaffected.ItwasinthiswaythatProfessorsM.RyleandA.HewishatCambridgeUniversity,England,foundthatthecoronacouldbetracedouttomorethan6millionmiles,andinthelineoftheSun’sequatorto12millionmilesormore.IthaseverbeensuggestedthatthecoronaextendsasfarastheEarthitself.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

2.Fromthecenterout,thecorrectorderofthesun’slayersis（）.

3.Thephotosphereisthe（）.

4.Thepassagedoesnotmentioninformationdealingwiththe（）.

5.ProfessorM.RyleandA.Hewishhavefoundthatthesun’scorona（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.WhatRadioAstronomyTellsUsAbouttheSunt

B.RadioAstronomyt

C.FactsAbouttheSun’sCoronat

D.TheNatureoftheSunt

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.photosphere,corona,chromospherest

B.spectrum,chromospheres,photosphere,coronat

C.corona,photosphere,chromospherest

D.photosphere,chromospheres,coronat

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.partofthesunweusuallyseet

B.layerofgaswhichformsthecoronat

C.areainthesunwhereatomsbreakdownandbuildupt

D.areaofthesunwhichsendsoutradiowavest

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nuclearactivityinthecenterofthesunt

B.intensityofultra-violetraysintheearth’satmospheret

C.activityofthechromospherest

D.extentofthecoronat

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.extendsasfarastheearthitselft

B.canbemeasuredbynotingitseffectonradiowavespassingthroughitt

C.extendsnotmorethantwomillionmilesabovethephotospheret

D.givesoffx-rays

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？”。通讀文章，可知文章主要介紹太陽(yáng)結(jié)構(gòu)及其運(yùn)行狀況，以及太陽(yáng)對(duì)地球無(wú)線電的影響；第一段介紹了太陽(yáng)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，第二段和第三段介紹太陽(yáng)黑子對(duì)無(wú)線電波的影響，最后一段介紹射電天文學(xué)對(duì)太陽(yáng)日冕的研究；D項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)的本質(zhì)”最能概括本文的內(nèi)容；A項(xiàng)“射電天文學(xué)告訴我們關(guān)于太陽(yáng)的事”、B項(xiàng)“射電天文學(xué)”和C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于太陽(yáng)日冕的事實(shí)”都只是部分提及，不夠全面。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“從中心往外看，太陽(yáng)各層的正確順序是……”。文章第一段提到InthecenteroftheSunitisjustasifhundredsofthousandsofhydrogenbombswerecontinuallyexploding,andtheresultsofthisreachthephotosphere…beingradiatedbythecoronaandthe“chromospheres”thatlayerofnotverybrightgaswhichliesjustabovethephotosphere.（在太陽(yáng)的中心，就好像成千上萬(wàn)顆氫彈不斷地爆炸，最后到達(dá)光球?qū)印蝗彰釋雍臀挥诠馇驅(qū)由戏降囊粚硬惶恋纳驅(qū)虞椛涑鰜?lái)），由此可知，太陽(yáng)層從內(nèi)往外的順序是光球?qū)?、色球?qū)?、日冕層；所以D項(xiàng)“光球、色球、日冕”正確。A項(xiàng)“光球，日冕，色球”、B項(xiàng)“光譜，色球，光球，日冕”和C項(xiàng)“日冕，光球，色球”都是錯(cuò)誤的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“光球?qū)邮恰薄８鶕?jù)文章第一段第二句Underneaththishotandextremelybrightphotosphereliesothergaswhile,inthecentralpartsoftheSun,atomsarecontinuallybeingbrokendownandbuiltup.（在這個(gè)炙熱而又極其明亮的光球?qū)酉旅?，還存在著其他氣體，而在太陽(yáng)的中心部分，原子正在不斷地被分解和形成）可知，太陽(yáng)的中心部分即光球?qū)邮怯脕?lái)分解和形成原子的，所以C項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)中原子分解和形成的區(qū)域”正確。A項(xiàng)“我們看到的部分太陽(yáng)”，我們看到的太陽(yáng)是光球?qū)臃纸夂铣稍雍笏纬傻奶?yáng)光，而非光球?qū)颖旧?；B項(xiàng)“形成日冕的氣體層”表述錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)發(fā)出無(wú)線電波的區(qū)域”，這是太陽(yáng)黑子發(fā)射出來(lái)的。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“這篇文章沒(méi)有提到關(guān)于……的信息”。根據(jù)第一段第三句InthecenteroftheSunitisjustasifhundredsofthousandsofhydrogenbombswerecontinuallyexploding,andtheresultsofthisreachthephotosphere.（在太陽(yáng)的中心，就好像成千上萬(wàn)顆氫彈不斷地爆炸，結(jié)果到達(dá)光球?qū)樱?，可知A項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)中心的核活動(dòng)”有提及；根據(jù)第一段第四句Thisiswhythephotosphereshinessobrightlyandsendsoutx-raysandultra-violetlight.（這就是光球發(fā)出如此明亮的光并發(fā)出x射線和紫外線的原因）可知，文章只提到了紫外線產(chǎn)生的原因，并未提及B項(xiàng)“地球大氣層中紫外線的強(qiáng)度”；根據(jù)第一段最后一句Theseareathousandtimesmoreintensethanthosewhichradio-astronomersnormallyreceiveandwhichcomesfromwhatiscalled“quiet”Sun,beingradiatedbythecoronaandthe“chromospheres”thatlayerofnotverybrightgaswhichliesjustabovethephotosphere.（這些輻射比射電天文學(xué)家通常接收到的輻射強(qiáng)一千倍，它們來(lái)自于被稱為“安靜”的太陽(yáng)，由日冕和位于光球?qū)由戏降囊粚硬惶恋纳驅(qū)虞椛涠鴣?lái)）可知，C項(xiàng)“色球?qū)拥倪\(yùn)動(dòng)”在文中有提及；根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句ItwasinthiswaythatProfessorsM.RyleandA.HewishatCambridgeUniversity,England,foundthatthecoronacouldbetracedouttomorethan6millionmiles,andinthelineoftheSun’sequatorto12millionmilesormore.（正是通過(guò)這種方式，英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)的M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授發(fā)現(xiàn)日冕可以追溯到600萬(wàn)英里以上，在太陽(yáng)赤道線上可以追溯到1200萬(wàn)英里以上）可知D項(xiàng)“日冕范圍”也有提及。因此，該題只有B項(xiàng)未提及，選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授發(fā)現(xiàn)了太陽(yáng)的日冕……”。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句話However,byexaminingadistantradiosourceastheSunpassesinfrontofit,itispossibletodiscoverhowfarthecoronaextendsbyobservinghowtheradiowavesfromthedistantsourceareaffected.（然而，當(dāng)太陽(yáng)從一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的射電源前面經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，通過(guò)觀察來(lái)自遙遠(yuǎn)的射電源的無(wú)線電波是如何受到影響的，就有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)日冕延伸了多遠(yuǎn)）可知B項(xiàng)“可以通過(guò)注意它對(duì)通過(guò)它的無(wú)線電波的影響來(lái)測(cè)量”正確。A項(xiàng)“延伸到地球本身”，文章最后一句提到IthaseverbeensuggestedthatthecoronaextendsasfarastheEarthitself.（曾經(jīng)有人認(rèn)為日冕一直延伸到地球本身），可知這不是M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授的發(fā)現(xiàn)；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句ItwasinthiswaythatProfessorsM.RyleandA.HewishatCambridgeUniversity,England,foundthatthecoronacouldbetracedouttomorethan6millionmiles,andinthelineoftheSun’sequatorto12millionmilesormore.（正是通過(guò)這種方式，英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)的M.Ryle和A.Hewish教授發(fā)現(xiàn)日冕可以追溯到600萬(wàn)英里以上，在太陽(yáng)赤道線上可以追溯到1200萬(wàn)英里以上）可知，C項(xiàng)“在光球?qū)由戏窖由觳怀^(guò)200萬(wàn)英里”和D項(xiàng)“放射x射線”在這里都未提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thesoldier’sfacewasbadlyburnedinthefireoutbreakofadepartmentstoreandhehadtohaveskin（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transverse

B.transplanted

C.transcended

D.transferred

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)transverse“橫向的、橫切的”；B選項(xiàng)transplant“移植；遷移”；C選項(xiàng)transcend“勝過(guò)、超越”；D選項(xiàng)transfer“使轉(zhuǎn)移、調(diào)任”。句子由and連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，前半句意思是“士兵的臉在百貨公司發(fā)生的火災(zāi)中嚴(yán)重?zé)齻保俑鶕?jù)havesth.done的結(jié)構(gòu)，推斷空格部分單詞要填過(guò)去分詞形式。所以由后面關(guān)鍵詞“skin皮膚”可知空格部分單詞意思為“移植……”，句意為：士兵的臉在百貨公司發(fā)生的火災(zāi)中嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?，需要植皮。故正確答案選B。

13.單選題

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。inthelightof根據(jù)，按照；intheeventof如果……發(fā)生；inthefaceof面臨，面對(duì)；inthecourseof在……過(guò)程中。句意：她總是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和原則來(lái)處理問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.翻譯題

Companiesnowrealizethatvirusesaren’t“urbanmyth”,andcanbeaseriousimpactontheiroperations.Theyinvestinanti-virussoftwareonthedesktops,serversandemailgatewaysandevenputinplaceprocedurestoensuretheiranti-virusisup-to-datewiththeverylatestdetectionroutines.Anti-virussoftwaredetectsmostofthevirusesyourusersarelikelytoencounter—oftenwithouttheuserevenknowing.However,anti-virussoftwaremustbeupdatedregularly,preferablydailyinanylargecompany.Eventhen,averynewviruscaninfectyourusers.WiththerapidtransmissionoffilesthroughnetworksandtheInternet,aviruscanspreadaconsiderabledistancebeforeitcanbeidentifiedandprotectedagainst.

【答案】

各家公司現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到病毒并不是“現(xiàn)代神話”，而確實(shí)會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響到公司的運(yùn)作。他們投資殺毒軟件，安裝在計(jì)算機(jī)、服務(wù)器以及電子郵件網(wǎng)關(guān)上，甚至還采取措施確保使用最新的檢查程序，隨時(shí)更新殺毒軟件。殺毒軟件確實(shí)能檢測(cè)出用戶會(huì)碰到的絕大多數(shù)病毒，而且往往在用戶毫無(wú)察覺(jué)時(shí)就已經(jīng)處理完畢。然而，軟件必須定期更新，大公司則最好是每天更新一次。即使是這樣，一種非常新的病毒也還是可能感染到用戶。通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，文件可以快速地傳輸，等到人們發(fā)現(xiàn)一種病毒并加以防范時(shí)，病毒可能已經(jīng)擴(kuò)散到了相當(dāng)?shù)姆秶?/p>

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandchatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.

Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thus,ifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogramsareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

1.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis______.

2.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy?

3.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause______.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?

5.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indifferent

B.favorable

C.tolerant

D.negative

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Primitive.

B.Exhaustible.

C.Cheap.

D.Unsafe.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment

B.itrepres