考研考博-英語-哈爾濱學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Anumberofloopholesstillremaininthecampaigncontributionlaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unprofitablesections

B.illogicalcontradictions

C.descriptionsforcheating

D.waysofevadingrules

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。loophole意為“(法律、合同等的)漏洞，空子”；unprofitablesections意為“無利可圖的部分”；illogicalcontradictions意為“不合邏輯的矛盾”；descriptionsforcheating意為“欺騙描述”；waysofevadingrules意為“規(guī)避規(guī)則的方式”。

句意：競(jìng)選捐款法仍然存在一些漏洞。

2.單選題

PitythosewhoaspiretoputtheinitialsPhDaftertheirnames.After16yearsofcloselysupervisededucation,prospectivedoctorsofphilosophyareleftmoreorlessalonetowritetheequivalentofalargebook.Mostsocial-sciencepostgraduateshavestillnotcompletedtheirthesesbythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime,whichcanoftentakeafurtherthreeyears.Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubjectwhichhasblightedtheirholidaysandruinedtheirevenings.

TheEconomicandSocialResearchCouncil,whichgivesgrantstopostgraduatesocialscientists,wantstogetbettervalueformoneybycuttingshortthisagony.Itwouldliketoseefastercompletionrates:untilrecently,onlyabout25%ofPhDcandidateswerefinishingwithinfouryears.TheESRC'sresponsehasbeentostopPhDgrantstoallinstitutionswheretheproportiontakinglessthanfouryearsisbelow10%;inthefirstyearofthispolicythenationalaverageshotupto39%.TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics—includingOxfordUniversity,theLondonSchoolofEconomicsandtheLondonBusinessSchool.

Predictably,howlsofprotesthavecomefromtheuniversities,whoviewtheblacklistingofwholeinstitutionsasarbitraryandnegative.Theypointoutthatmanyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.Thecollegessaythereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics.

TheESRCthinksitmightnotbeabadthingifPhDstudentsweremoremodestintheiraims.Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.Soinfutureitsgrantswillbegivenonlywhereitisconvincedthatstudentsarebeingtrainedasresearchers,ratherthancarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudies.

TheESRCcannotdictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers,orforcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime.Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways.Recalcitrantprofessorsshouldnotethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandalesselaboratestyleofthesis,too.

1.Bytimenewdoctorsgetajobandtrytofinishtheirthesesinsparetime,（）.

2.OxfordUniversitywouldbeexcludedoutofthoseuniversitiesthatreceivePhDgrantsfromESRC,becausethecompletionrateofitsPhDstudents'theseswithinfouryearsislowerthan（）.

3.AllthefollowingstatementsaretheargumentsagainstESRC'spolicyEXCEPT（）.

4.TheESRCwouldprefer（）.

5.WhattheESRCcandoisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostofthemdiedofsomesickness

B.theirholidaysandeveningshavebeenruinedbytheirjobs

C.mostofthemarecompletelytiredofthenarrowlydefinedsubject

D.mostoftheirgrantsrunout

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.25%

B.40%

C.39%

D.10%

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alltheinstitutionsontheblacklistarearbitraryandnegative

B.thereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics

C.manyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses

D.somepolytechnicsarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatthestudentswerecarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudiesratherthanbeingtrainedas

B.researchers

C.toseehigherstandardsofPhDstudents'thesesandmoreambitiousdoctoraltopics

D.moresystematicteachingofresearchskillstofewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedoninexperiencedyoungPhDstudents

E.thatPhDstudentswerelessmodestintheiraims

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.forcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime

B.trytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways

C.dictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers

D.notethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandlesselaboratestyleofthesis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段的三、四句"Mostsocial-science...bythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime..."，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“OxfordUniversity”定位到第二段的最后一句，除非結(jié)業(yè)率進(jìn)一步提高，否則這將把73所大學(xué)和理工學(xué)院中的55所排除在外，包括牛津大學(xué)、倫敦政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院和倫敦商學(xué)院。根據(jù)上文提到的政策實(shí)施后的第一年，國家平均畢業(yè)率迅速提高到39%，并將在兩年內(nèi)逐步將門檻提高到40%。由此可知，牛津大學(xué)的博士生畢業(yè)率低于39%。選項(xiàng)C正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Predictably,...asarbitraryandnegative.”可以預(yù)見的是，抗議的呼聲來自大學(xué)，他們認(rèn)為將整個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)列入黑名單是武斷的和消極的。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是列入黑名單的行為，而不是這些院校本身是武斷的和消極的，所以選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B，C，D都能在第三段找到對(duì)應(yīng)句。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.”它（ESRC）希望看到更多系統(tǒng)地教授研究技能，減少對(duì)正在進(jìn)行第一次認(rèn)真研究的青年男女的不切實(shí)際的期望。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句"Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways."選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.單選題

Ⅶ.(CivilandCommercialLaw)

Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.Thesefactssuggestthatweneedtobemorepreciseaboutwhichchangesworryus.Americansworryaboutfamilychangeforatleastthreekindsofreasons,whichwewilllabeleconomic,developmental,andmoral.

Fromaneconomicperspective,themosttroublingfeatureoffamilychangehasbeenthespreadoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemotherwhoisnotlivingwithanotheradultwhohelpssupportherandherchildren.Singlemothersseldomcommandhighwages.Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.

NotallchildrenfromdisruptedfamilieslivewithwhattheEnglishcallalonemother,butotherlivingarrangementsarelesslikelytoleavechildreninpoverty.Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown,althoughitisnotclearhowmuchofthetypicalboyfriend’sincomeisavailabletosupportthemother’schildren.Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelatives,theytoofacefewereconomicproblemsthanwhentheylivealone.Ifwearemainlyconcernedwithreducingchildpoverty,allthesealternativesreduceitsincidence.

DavidT.EllwoodandChristopherJencks:TheSpreadof

Single-ParentFamiliesintheUnitedStatessince1960

75.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothe1stparagraph?

76.Fromthe2ndparagraph,weknowthattheeconomicproblemofsingle-parentfamilyis___.

77.Whichofthefollowingsituationisnotmentionedincomparingwithalonemother?

78.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe2ndparagraphdoesNOTmeanthat___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Out-of-wedlockbirthisnottheonlycauseforsingle-parentfamilies.

B.Nearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbornebabiesarenowlivingwiththeirparents.

C.Lessthanhalfofallmotherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separationordeath.

D.Out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamiliesaretwoseparateissues.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poverty

B.thelow-incomemother

C.lackofgovernmentassistance

D.lackofsupportfromthechild’sfather

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Motherswhodivorceandremarry.

B.Motherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.

C.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriend.

D.Unmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparents.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.morekidsofpoorfamiliesarelivinginsingle-parentfamiliesnow

B.morethanhalfofthepoorfamilieswithchildrenaresingle-parentfamilies

C.therateofpoorsingle-parentfamilieshasdoubledsincethelate1970s

D.thedivorceratehasdoubledsince1964

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】75.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.（然而，半數(shù)以上的無父家庭是由離婚、分居、死亡或監(jiān)禁造成的，近一半的非婚生孩子現(xiàn)在是由同居的父親和母親產(chǎn)生的）可知C選項(xiàng)“在所有無母親家庭中，只有不到一半是由離婚、分居或死亡造成的”和原文不符以及B選項(xiàng)“近一半的非婚生嬰兒現(xiàn)在和父母住在一起”和原文相符；第一段Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.（當(dāng)立法者、政策分析人士和意見領(lǐng)袖討論家庭變化時(shí)，他們通常關(guān)注兩個(gè)問題：非婚生育和無父家庭。在許多情況下，他們討論這兩個(gè)問題，仿佛它們是相同的）可知A選項(xiàng)“非婚生育并不是單親家庭的唯一原因”；結(jié)合上文所提到的內(nèi)容可知D選項(xiàng)“非婚生育和無父家庭是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的問題”符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

76.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.（她們還發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作異常困難，因?yàn)樗齻冞€要照顧孩子。許多人從缺席的父親那里得到的子女撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)非常少，即使是慷慨的子女撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)也比收入相同的常住父親通常提供的錢要少。雖然單身母親有資格獲得各種形式的公共援助，但立法者和選民都不想讓這種援助慷慨，以免慷慨會(huì)鼓勵(lì)更多的女性獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)孩子）有涉及到B選項(xiàng)“低收入母親”，C選項(xiàng)“缺乏政府的幫助”以及D選項(xiàng)“缺乏來自孩子父親的支持”，但是結(jié)合下文Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.（因此，單親母親家庭的蔓延對(duì)美國貧困的持續(xù)存在起到了重要作用）可以推斷出貧困才是導(dǎo)致這些問題的回答，A選項(xiàng)“貧困”包括了B，C，D選項(xiàng)在內(nèi)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

77.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.（離婚后再婚的母親在經(jīng)濟(jì)上與孩子生父保持婚姻關(guān)系的母親差不多）可知A選項(xiàng)“離婚后再婚的母親”有提及；第三段Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown…（與男友同居的未婚母親的家庭收入也明顯高于獨(dú)自生活的母親……）可知C選項(xiàng)“與男朋友同居的未婚母親”有提及；第三段Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelative…（而且，當(dāng)未婚母親與父母或其他親戚住在一起時(shí)……）可知D選項(xiàng)“和父母住在一起的未婚媽媽”有提及；B選項(xiàng)“與孩子的生父保持婚姻關(guān)系的母親”原文未涉及。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

78.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段劃線句子處In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.（1964年，當(dāng)林登?約翰遜宣布向貧困宣戰(zhàn)時(shí)，只有30%的有孩子的貧困家庭由單身母親撫養(yǎng)。自20世紀(jì)70年代末以來，這個(gè)數(shù)字一直在60%左右）可知選C選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)70年代末以來，貧困單親家庭的比例翻了一番”；A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在越來越多的貧困家庭的孩子生活在單親家庭”，B選項(xiàng)“有孩子的貧困家庭一半以上是單親家庭”以及D選項(xiàng)“離婚率自1964年以來翻了一番”原文都未提及，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Ourbossistakingeveryonetotheballettonight,andIneedtomakesuremynewdress（）fortheoccasion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeencleaned

B.shouldhavebeencleaned

C.isbeingcleaned

D.hasbeencleaning

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老板今晚要帶大家去看芭蕾舞劇，我得確保我的新衣服洗干凈了。根據(jù)句意可知這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，首先排除選項(xiàng)C；選項(xiàng)B表示本應(yīng)該洗卻沒有洗，不符合語境；衣服是被洗，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

1.凡事預(yù)則立，不預(yù)則廢。

2.我們可以讓內(nèi)燃機(jī)使用另一種污染程度較低的燃料，如天然氣、燃料電池，液態(tài)氫等，這些我們都可以考慮。

3.我們必須考慮到這一點(diǎn)：我們的星球是從子孫后代那里借來的，而不是我們祖先饋贈(zèng)的。

4.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指：為了將來后代的利益，我們必須保留足夠的生存空間，以滿足他們的需要和施展他們的抱負(fù)。

5.這門學(xué)科的重要性與其被了解的程度不成正比。

【答案】1.Preparednessensuressuccessandunpreparednessspellsfailure.

2.Whenchoosingadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine,wecantakenaturalgas,fuelcells,liquidhydrogen,oconsideration.

3.Itmustbetakenintoconsiderationthatwehavenotinheritedthisearthfromourancestorsbuthaveborroweditfromouroffspring

4.Sustainabledevelopmentmeansthatforthebenefitoffuturegenerations,wemustreserveenoughlivinsspaceforsatisfyingtheirneedsandrealizingtheirambitious.

5.Theimportanceofthisdisciplineisnotindirectproportiontothedegreetowhichitisunderstood.

6.單選題

Theunpleasanttasteofthemedicineprescribedbyafamousdoctor（）inhis

mouthforhours.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rests

B.waited

C.prolonged

D.lingered

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。rests休息；waited等待；prolonged延長(zhǎng)；lingered逗留。句意：那位名醫(yī)開的藥的討厭味道在他嘴里（）了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Jeanholdsvery（）opinionsaboutfood;shewon’teatanythingneworforeign.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.awesome

B.conventional

C.consistent

D.condimental

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。awesome“極好的”；conventional“傳統(tǒng)的”；consistent“始終如一的，一致的”；condimental“調(diào)味品的”。句意：簡(jiǎn)對(duì)食物的觀念很傳統(tǒng)，她不吃任何新的或者國外的食物。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Inhisclassicnovel,“ThePioneers”,JamesFenimoreCooperhashishero,alanddeveloper,takehiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,ateemingmetropolis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.Allsheseesisaforest.“Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?”sheasks.He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem.“Where!Everywhere,”hereplies.Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.

CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future-mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocome.“Americaisthereforethelandofthefuture,”theGermanphilosopherHegelwrote.“TheAmericanlivesevenmoreforhisgoals,forthefuture,thantheEuropean.”AlbertEinsteinconcurred.“Lifeforhimisalwaysbecoming,neverbeing.”

In2012,Americawillstillbetheplacewherethefuturehappensfirst,forthatisthenation’soldesttradition.TheearlyPuritanslivedinalmostStoneAgeconditions,buttheywereinspiredbyvisionsoffutureglories,God’skingdomonearth.Theearlypioneerswouldsometimestravelpastperfectlygoodfarmland,becausetheywereconvincedthatevenmoreamazinglandcouldbefoundoverthenextridge.TheFoundingFatherstook13scragglyColoniesandbelievedtheywerecreatinganewnationonearth.Therailroadspeculatorsenvisionedmagnificentfortunesbuiltonbandsofiron.It’snowfashionabletoridiculethevisionsofdot-comentrepreneursofthe1990s,buttheyhadinheritedtheurgetoleapforthehorizon.“TheFutureisendowedwithsuchalife,thatitlivestouseveninanticipation,”HermanMelvillewrote.“TheFutureistheBibleoftheFree.”

Thisfuture-mindednessexplainsmanymodernfeaturesofAmericanlife.Itexplainsworkaholism:theaverageAmericanworks350hoursayearmorethantheaverageEuropean.Americansmovemore,insearchofthatbrightertomorrow,thanpeopleinotherland.Theyalso,sadly,divorcemore,forthesamereason.AmericansadoptnewtechnologiessuchasonlineshoppingandcreditcardsmuchmorequicklythanpeopleinothercountriesForty-fivepercentofworldInternetusetakesplaceintheUnitedStates.Eventoday,aftertheburstingofthestock-marketbubble,Americanventure-capitalfirms—whichareinthebusinessofbettingonthefuture—dwarfthefirmsfromallothernations.

Future-mindednesscontributestothedisorderinAmericanlife,theobliviousnesstohistory,thehighratesoffamilybreakdown,thefrenziedwasteofnaturalresources.Italsoleadstoincredibleinnovations.AccordingtotheYalehistorianPaulKennedy,75percentoftheNobellaureatesineconomiesandthesciencesoverrecentdecadeshavelivedorworkedintheUnitedStates.Thecountryremainsamagnetforthefuture-mindedfromothernations.Onein12Americanshasenjoyedthethrillandchallengeofstartinghisownbusiness.AstudypublishedintheJournalofInternationalBusinessStudiesin2000showedthatinnovativepeoplearespreadprettyevenlythroughouttheglobe,butAmericansaremostcomfortablewithrisk.EntrepreneursintheU.S.aremorelikelytobelievethattheypossesstheabilitytoshapetheirownfuturethanpeoplein,say,Britain,AustraliaorSingapore.

Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuture-mindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Iseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthetelecomfuture.ButtheworldisnotbecomingmoreFrench.By2012,thisperiodofchastisementwilllikelyhaverunitscourse,andfuture-mindednesswillbebackinvogue,forbetterorworse.

Wedon’tknowexactlywhatthenextfuture-mindedfrenzywinlooklike.Wedoknowwhereitwilltakeplace:theAmericansuburb.In1979,threequartersofAmericanofficespacewerelocatedincentralcities.Thenewcompanies,researchcentersandentrepreneursareflockingtotheselowbuildingsnearairports,highwaysandtheWal-Martmalls,andtheyarecreatinganewkindofsuburbanlife.ThereareentirelynewmetropolisesrisingboomsuburbslikeMesa,Arizona,thatalreadyhavemorepeoplethanMinneapolisorSt.Louis.WearenowapproachingamomentinwhichthemajorityofAmericanofficespace,andthehubofAmericanentrepreneurship,willbefoundinquietofficeparksinplaceslikeRockville,Maryland,andinthesprawlingsuburbospherearoundAtlanta.

Wealsoknowthatfuture-mindednessitselfwillbecometheobjectofgreaterstudy.Wearediscoveringthattherearemanythingsthathumanbeingsdoeasilythatcomputerscandoonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall.Cognitivescientistsarenowtryingtodecodethehumanimagination,tounderstandhowthebrainvisualizes,dreamsandcreates.Andweknow,too,thatwherethereisfuture-mindednessthereishope.

47.ThethirdparagraphexaminesAmerica’sfuture-mindednessfromthe（）perspective.

48.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTbroughtaboutbyfuture-mindedness?

49.Theword“pooh-pooh”inthesixthparagraphmeans（）.

50.Accordingtothepassage,peopleatpresentcanforecast（）ofanewroundoffuture-mindedness.

51.Theauthorpredictsinthelastparagraphthatthestudyoffuture-mindednesswillfocuson（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.future

B.realistic

C.historical

D.present

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Economicstagnation.

B.Environmentaldestruction.

C.Highdivorcerates.

D.Neglectofhistory.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.appreciate

B.praise

C.shun

D.ridicule

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thenature

B.thelocation

C.thevariety

D.thefeatures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.howitcomesintobeing.

B.howitfunctions.

C.whatitbringsabout.

D.whatitisrelatedto.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】47.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段...forthatisthenation’soldesttradition.TheearlyPuritanslivedinalmostStoneAgeconditions,buttheywereinspiredbyvisionsoffutureglories（因?yàn)檫@是這個(gè)國家最古老的傳統(tǒng)。早期的清教徒生活在幾乎石器時(shí)代的環(huán)境中，但他們受到未來榮耀的啟示）以及TheFoundingFatherstook13scragglyColoniesandbelievedtheywerecreatinganewnationonearth.（開國元?jiǎng)讉冋碱I(lǐng)了13個(gè)破敗的殖民地，并相信他們正在地球上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的國家。）這些都是作者對(duì)于過去美國歷史的一些回顧，因此作者在第三段中是以歷史的角度考察了美國的未來意識(shí)。因此C選項(xiàng)“歷史的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“未來的”；B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)實(shí)的”以及D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的”都不是第三段的敘事角度。

48.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第五段Future-mindednesscontributestothedisorderinAmericanlife,theobliviousnesstohistory,thehighratesoffamilybreakdown,thefrenziedwasteofnaturalresources.（對(duì)未來的關(guān)注導(dǎo)致了美國人生活的混亂、對(duì)歷史的遺忘、高比率的家庭破裂以及對(duì)自然資源的瘋狂浪費(fèi)。）其中A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯”是沒有提到的，當(dāng)選。B選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境破壞”；C選項(xiàng)“高離婚率”以及D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)歷史的忽視”，都是文章中有提到的。

49.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞直接定位到第六段Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuture-mindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Iseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthetelecomfuture.（如果說1990年代是著眼未來的偉大十年，那么我們現(xiàn)在正處于經(jīng)歷的季節(jié)之中。我似乎更冷靜地持懷疑態(tài)度，對(duì)所有那些在電信未來上輸了錢的IPO傻瓜們_____。）這句話通過后面的sucker“容易上當(dāng)受騙的人”以及wholosttheirmoney“那些輸錢的人”可以看出，對(duì)他們應(yīng)該是抱有鄙夷的態(tài)度的，因此D選項(xiàng)ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”正確。A選項(xiàng)appreciate“欣賞”；B選項(xiàng)praise“稱贊”；C選項(xiàng)shun“避開”都不正確。

50.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第八段Wedon’tknowexactlywhatthenextfuture-mindedfrenzywinlooklike.Wedoknowwhereitwilltakeplace:theAmericansuburb.（我們不知道下一次的未來狂勝會(huì)是什么樣子。我們知道它將在哪里發(fā)生：美國郊區(qū)。）根據(jù)這句話可以得出，B選項(xiàng)“地點(diǎn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“未來”；C選項(xiàng)“種類”以及D選項(xiàng)“特點(diǎn)”都不是可以預(yù)測(cè)的。

51.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段Cognitivescientistsarenowtryingtodecodethehumanimagination,tounderstandhowthebrainvisualizes,dreamsandcreates.Andweknow,too,thatwherethereisfuture-mindednessthereishope.（認(rèn)知科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在正試圖破解人類的想象，理解大腦是如何想象、做夢(mèng)和創(chuàng)造的，我們也知道，有未來意識(shí)的地方就有希望。）根據(jù)這句話可以得出B選項(xiàng)“它是如何工作的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它是如何發(fā)生的”；C選項(xiàng)“它帶來了什么”以及D選項(xiàng)“它與什么相關(guān)”都不是作者預(yù)測(cè)的研究對(duì)象。

9.單選題

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheirpersonalfeelings.Manyareawarethattheyfeelanxiousbutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhysomepeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingfear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone’sfears?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

B.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

C.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

D.tooff