考研考博-英語(yǔ)-平頂山工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-平頂山工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

TWAwascriticizedfortryingtocoverupthetruthratherthanpromptlynotifyingvictims'families.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.briefly

B.quickly

C.accurately

D.earnestly

【答案】B

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:環(huán)球航空公司被詬病其試圖掩蓋真相而不是立馬通知遇難者家屬的行為。

briefly短暫地，簡(jiǎn)略地。quickly迅速地，很快地。accurately精確地，準(zhǔn)確地。earnestly認(rèn)真地，誠(chéng)摯地。promptly迅速地。故選B。

2.單選題

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“discovered”computersfirstasatoolforenhancingtheirbelovedmodelrailroadsandthenasobjectsofpassionintheirownright.TheyturnedtheirconsiderablecreativeenergiestothetaskofbuildingandprogrammingMIT'searlymainframesinuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistencewithformalemployeesoftheuniversity'stechnicalstaff.

Formidableprogrammers,thesehackersproducedanddebuggedcomputercodesatanastonishingrate.Theyhelpeddevelophardwareandsoftwareforexistingcomputerfunctionsandinventednovelalgorithmsandapplicationsthatwereincorporatedintosubsequentgenerationsofcomputers.Thesenovelfunctionsnotonlyextendedrecreationalcapabilities—gaming,virtualreality,anddigitizedmusic一butalsoincreasedpracticalcapabilitiessuchasthecontrolofrobotsandprocessingspeeds.Obsessiveworkalsoyieldedahostofbasicsystemsubroutinesandutilitiesthatpushedoperatingcapacitiesandefficiencytonewheights,andbecameafundamentalpartofwhatweexperienceeverytimewesitinfrontofacomputer.

Thisbookdescribeslegendaryhackingbinges—daysandnightswithlittleornosleep—leadingtoproductsthatsurprisedandsometimesannoyedcolleaguesinmainstreamacademicandresearchpositions.“Thepurehack”didnotrespectprescribedmethodsortheory-driven,top-downapproachestocomputerscienceandengineering.Theunconventionallifestyledidnotseemtoputoffadherents,eventhoughitcouldbeprettyunwholesome:adisregardforpatternsofnightandday,adietofjunk-food,inattentiontopersonalappearanceandhygiene,andthevirtualabsenceofanylifeoutsideofhacking.

Itwasnotonlysingle-mindedattachmenttotheircraftthatdefinedtheseearlybackersbuttheirespousalofanideologyinformallycalledthe“hackerethic.”Thiscreedincludedseveralelements:commitmenttototalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation,beliefinimmensepowersofcomputerstoimprovepeople'slivesandcreateartandbeauty,disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing,andaninsistencethathackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment.Inotherwords,thecultureofhackingincorporatedpoliticalandmoralvaluesaswellastechnicalends.

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ongoodterms

B.somewhatunsettled

C.hostile

D.tricky

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.

B.Hacker'seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.unconventional

B.innovative

C.annoying

D.outofdate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas______.1.20世紀(jì)50年代末，黑客團(tuán)體和麻省理工學(xué)院管理部門之間的關(guān)系可以用______來(lái)描述。

A.ongoodtermsA.關(guān)系和睦的

B.somewhatunsettledB.有點(diǎn)不穩(wěn)定的

C.hostileC.敵對(duì)的

D.trickyD.非常微妙的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“他們把大量的創(chuàng)造力投入到建造和編程MIT早期的大型機(jī)的任務(wù)中，與大學(xué)的技術(shù)人員在不穩(wěn)定但相對(duì)和睦的環(huán)境中共存（inuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistence）”，從中可知，20世紀(jì)50年代末，黑客團(tuán)體和MIT之間的關(guān)系是相當(dāng)和睦的。A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“有點(diǎn)不穩(wěn)定的”在文中雖然提及，但并不是重點(diǎn)之處，屬于本末倒置；

C項(xiàng)“敵對(duì)的”與原文相反，反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“非常微妙的”沒(méi)提及，無(wú)中生有。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?2.下面哪一項(xiàng)在這段話中是不正確的？

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.A.在黑客的幫助下，現(xiàn)有的計(jì)算機(jī)功能得到了改進(jìn)。

B.Hacker’seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.B.黑客的努力在幾個(gè)方面幫助我們提高了計(jì)算機(jī)的性能。

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.C.在過(guò)去，黑客通常被認(rèn)為是非法的。

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.D.黑客相信他們的技術(shù)成就是評(píng)價(jià)他們的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段首句“黑客從來(lái)都不是主流機(jī)構(gòu)的一部分，但他們目前作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間惡棍的名聲，與早期的情形相去甚遠(yuǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)，他們首先被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，能夠近乎奇跡般地完成非正統(tǒng)的機(jī)器操作壯舉?！保瑥闹锌芍?，在過(guò)去，黑客是被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，且技術(shù)精通；并且本文主要不是講黑客犯罪或其他黑歷史，而是講早前的黑客其實(shí)與現(xiàn)在大不同，C項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去，黑客通常被認(rèn)為是非法的”與全文基調(diào)不符。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“在黑客的幫助下，現(xiàn)有的計(jì)算機(jī)功能得到了改進(jìn)”和B項(xiàng)“黑客的努力在幾個(gè)方面幫助我們提高了計(jì)算機(jī)的性能”從原文第三段可以得知，第三段提到黑客幫助開發(fā)了用于現(xiàn)有計(jì)算機(jī)功能的硬件和軟件，并發(fā)明了新的算法和應(yīng)用程序，而且還擴(kuò)展了計(jì)算機(jī)的許多功能，他們還將計(jì)算機(jī)操作能力和效率推到了新的高度，所以該兩項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“黑客相信他們的技術(shù)成就是評(píng)價(jià)他們的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”根據(jù)末段倒數(shù)第二句“……他們堅(jiān)信評(píng)估黑客的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就（hackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，所以該項(xiàng)也符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis______.3.《黑客：計(jì)算機(jī)革命的英雄》中描述的黑客的生活方式是______。

A.unconventionalA.非常規(guī)的，非傳統(tǒng)的

B.innovativeB.創(chuàng)新的

C.annoyingC.令人討厭的

D.outofdateD.過(guò)時(shí)的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“這種非傳統(tǒng)的生活方式（Theunconventionallifestyle）似乎并沒(méi)有讓追隨者們反感……”，從中可知，黑客的生活方式是非傳統(tǒng)的。A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新的”、C項(xiàng)“令人討厭的”和D項(xiàng)“過(guò)時(shí)的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?4.以下哪一項(xiàng)包含在黑客倫理中？

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.A.克服阻礙前進(jìn)的困難的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志。

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.B.致力于免費(fèi)獲取信息。

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.C.專注于提高他們的技藝。

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.D.創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hackerethic定位至最后一段第二句“這個(gè)信條包括幾個(gè)要素：承諾免費(fèi)使用電腦和信息（totalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation），相信計(jì)算機(jī)的巨大力量（beliefinimmensepowersofcomputers）可以改善人們的生活以及創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美麗，蔑視針對(duì)自由訪問(wèn)計(jì)算而設(shè)置的障礙（disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing），和堅(jiān)持評(píng)估黑客的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就（insistencethathackersbeevaluatedbyothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，從中可知，B項(xiàng)“致力于免費(fèi)獲取信息”是包含在黑客倫理里面的。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“克服阻礙前進(jìn)的困難的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志”原文沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“專注于提高他們的技藝”，原文是堅(jiān)持評(píng)估黑客的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只有精湛的技術(shù)和成就，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明他們要專注于提高技藝，曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量”，原文是“計(jì)算機(jī)的巨大力量（immensepowersofcomputers）”，并不是藝術(shù)和美的巨大力量，屬于曲解原文。

3.單選題

XI.IntellectualPropertyLaw

Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.Thosesections,typicallyentitled“Limitationsonexclusiverights,”include,forexample,theprincipleof“fairuse”(107),permissionforlimitedlibraryarchivalreproduction,(108),andthedoctrineatissuehere,the“firstsale”doctrine(109).

Section109(a)setsforththe“firstsale”doctrineasfollows:“Notwithstandingtheprovisionsofsection106(3)[thesectionthatgrantstheownerexclusivedistributionrights],theownerofaparticularcopyorphonorecordlawfullymadeunderthistitle…isentitled,withouttheauthorityofthecopyrightowner,tosellorotherwisedisposeofthepossessionofthatcopyorphonorecord”,Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.

What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?Toputthemattertechnically,an“importation”provision,602(a)(1),saysthat“importationintotheUnitedStates,withouttheauthorityoftheownerofcopyrightunderthistitle,ofcopies...ofaworkthathavebeenacquiredoutsidetheUnitedStatesisaninfringementoftheexclusiverighttodistributecopies…undersection106…”Thus602(a)(1)makesclearthatimportingacopywithoutpermissionviolatestheowner’sexclusivedistributionright.Butindoingso,602(a)(1)refersexplicitlytothe106(3)exclusivedistributionright.Aswehavejustsaid,106isbyitsterms“subjectto”thevariousdoctrinesandprinciplescontainedin107through122,including109(a)’s“firstsale”limitation.Dothosesamemodificationsapply—inparticular,doesthe“firstsale”modificationapply—whenconsideringwhether602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

1.Whichwordisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“qualified”inthefirstparagraph?

2.Fromthesecondparagraph,onecanknowthatthe“firstsale”doctrine___.

3.Whatquestionistheauthoraskinginthelastparagraph?

4.Fromtheaboveparagraphs,weknowthatthestatementof___isnottrue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.restricted

B.limited

C.eligible

D.certified

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.permitsownerofaparticularcopytodisposeofitastheywish

B.isacopyrightjargonthatordinarypeopledonotuse

C.setslimitationtoacopyrightowner’sexclusivedistributionright

D.forbidsdistributionofacopyofthecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.WastheHerzogprintedabroadandthensoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?

B.IsthebuyerfreetobringacopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitashe/shewishes?

C.Does602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

D.Doesthe“firstsale”doctrineapplywhenacopyisinitiallysoldabroadwiththepermissionofthecopyrightowner?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Acopyrightowner’sdistributionrightisunlimited.

B.107through122containvariousdoctrinesandprincipleslimitingtherightsconferredby106.

C.602(a)(1)grantsacopyrightownerimportationright.

D.Copyrightsconferredby106arenotunlimited.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.（然而，這些權(quán)利是有限制的，這些限制將在法案接下來(lái)的107至122節(jié)中提出），根據(jù)句子中l(wèi)imitations“限制；局限性”可推測(cè)qualified表示“限制”，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；A選項(xiàng)“限制；約束；限定（強(qiáng)調(diào)約束，這種約束大多來(lái)自法律等約束性文件）”；B選項(xiàng)“限制；限定（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間，范圍，數(shù)量的限制）”；C選項(xiàng)“合格的，合適的；符合條件的；有資格當(dāng)選的”；D選項(xiàng)“證明；保證”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.（因此，即使106（3）禁止分發(fā)一份，說(shuō)，這部小說(shuō)版權(quán)赫爾佐格未經(jīng)著作權(quán)人許可，109（a）補(bǔ)充道，一旦赫爾佐格的一個(gè)副本被依法出售（或其所有權(quán)否則依法轉(zhuǎn)移），買方的復(fù)制和隨后的所有者可以按照他們的想法自由處置它。用版權(quán)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，“首次銷售”已經(jīng)“耗盡”了版權(quán)所有者的106（3）獨(dú)家經(jīng)銷權(quán)）可知選C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)版權(quán)所有人的獨(dú)家發(fā)行權(quán)設(shè)置限制”，D選項(xiàng)“禁止未經(jīng)版權(quán)所有者的許可發(fā)行受版權(quán)保護(hù)的小說(shuō)赫爾佐格的副本”屬于106（3）的內(nèi)容而不是“首次銷售”原則，錯(cuò)誤，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“允許某一特定副本的所有者按照他們的意愿處理它”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“是一個(gè)普通人不會(huì)使用的版權(quán)術(shù)語(yǔ)”在第二段未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?（然而，如果赫爾佐格的復(fù)制品在國(guó)外印刷，然后在版權(quán)所有者的允許下最初出售，那會(huì)怎么樣呢?“首次銷售”原則還適用嗎？買家是否可以自由地將復(fù)印件帶入美國(guó)并按照他或她的意愿進(jìn)行處理？）可知D選項(xiàng)“在版權(quán)所有人許可下，最初在國(guó)外出售副本時(shí)，‘首次出售’原則是否適用？”符合原文，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“《赫爾佐格》是先在國(guó)外印刷，然后在版權(quán)所有者的許可下出售的嗎?”錯(cuò)誤，B選項(xiàng)“買方是否可以攜帶一份復(fù)印件進(jìn)入美國(guó)并按照他/她的意愿處理”這個(gè)問(wèn)題是建立在D選項(xiàng)的前提上，需要有前提，而不是直接這么作為問(wèn)題；最后一段最后一句Dothosesamemodificationsapply—inparticular,doesthe“firstsale”modificationapply—whenconsideringwhether602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?（當(dāng)考慮602（a）（1）是否禁止進(jìn)口副本時(shí)，這些相同的修改適用嗎？特別是“首次銷售”修改適用嗎？）可知C選項(xiàng)“602（a）（1）”和原文不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”（《版權(quán)法》第106節(jié)授予“版權(quán)所有人”某些“專有權(quán)”，包括“分發(fā)副本……將受版權(quán)保護(hù)的作品出售或以其他方式轉(zhuǎn)讓給公眾”）可知A選項(xiàng)“著作權(quán)人的發(fā)行權(quán)是無(wú)限的”符合原文；根據(jù)第一段第二句Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.（然而，這些權(quán)利是有限制的，這些限制將在法案接下來(lái)的107至122節(jié)中提出）可知B選項(xiàng)“107至122包含限制106所賦予的權(quán)利的各種學(xué)說(shuō)和原則”符合原文；根據(jù)第二段最后一句Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.（用版權(quán)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，“首次銷售”已經(jīng)“耗盡”了版權(quán)所有者的106（3）獨(dú)家經(jīng)銷權(quán)）可知D選項(xiàng)“106授予的版權(quán)不是無(wú)限的”符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“602（a）（1）授予版權(quán)所有人進(jìn)口權(quán)”原文未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Theroomwasfullofpeopleandsmoke,shestartedtofeel（）withtheheatinside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.craned

B.congested

C.confronted

D.oppressed

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。craned是crane的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式，不是形容詞；congested“堵塞的；擁擠的”；confronted是confront的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式，不是形容詞；oppressed“受壓制的”。根據(jù)前半句“房間里擠滿了人并且到處是煙”，可知在這樣的環(huán)境下人會(huì)感到壓抑，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Forsomepeoplebroughtupinthisperiod,thehabitsof（）dutylastedforthewholeoftheirlifetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.capricious

B.callous

C.filial

D.elusive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。capricious“任性的”；callous“無(wú)情的，麻木的”；filial“孝順的”；elusive“難懂的；難捉摸的”。句意：對(duì)于這個(gè)時(shí)期長(zhǎng)大的一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，孝順長(zhǎng)輩的習(xí)慣伴隨他們一生。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.翻譯題

電阻越大，其消耗（dissipate）的能量（energy）就越多。

【答案】Thegreatertheresistanceis,themoreenergyitdissipates.

7.單選題

InthemonthsandyearsthatfollowedasItraversedtheNorthwestPassage,Icametoacceptsuchsurprisesascommonplace.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedover

B.passedaway

C.passedon

D.passedacross

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。traverse表示“穿過(guò)，來(lái)回移動(dòng)”；A項(xiàng)passover“越過(guò)，忽略”，B項(xiàng)passaway“去世，停止”，C項(xiàng)passon“傳遞，繼續(xù)下去”，D項(xiàng)passacross“橫穿”。句意：在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月和幾年里，當(dāng)我穿越西北航道時(shí)，我漸漸接受了這樣的驚喜，認(rèn)為這是司空見(jiàn)慣的事。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

8.單選題

Hemadea____gesture,whichoffendedtheyoungladygreatly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vague

B.vulgar

C.vogue

D.vigorous

【答案】B

【解析】

【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.vague（思想上）不清楚的；含糊的B.vulgar粗野的；粗魯?shù)模幌铝鞯?/p>

C.vogue時(shí)髦的；流行的D.vigorous充滿活力的；果斷的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：他做了一個(gè)……的手勢(shì)，這讓這位年輕的女士非常生氣。根據(jù)邏輯，由后半句這位女士非常生氣可以推測(cè)這個(gè)人做了一個(gè)非常粗魯下流的手勢(shì)，冒犯到了這位女士。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他做了一個(gè)粗俗的手勢(shì)，這使那位年輕的女士非常生氣。

9.單選題

Asateenager.Iwas（

）byablindpassionforafilmstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pursued

B.seduced

C.consumed

D.guaranteed

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。pursue“從事”；seduce“誘惑”；consume“消費(fèi)”；guarantee“保證，擔(dān)?！?。句意：作為青少年，我曾對(duì)生活中見(jiàn)不到的電影明星產(chǎn)生盲目的熱情。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Thepoliticaldissidentsdecidedtotake（）abroad.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.escape

B.refuge

C.life

D.hiding

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。escape逃脫；refuge避難；life生活；hiding躲藏，隱匿。句意：持不同政見(jiàn)者決定去國(guó)外。takerefuge為固定搭配，意為“避難，（以掩飾等手段）逃脫困境”，因此正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

TV,radioandnewspaperareimportant（

）foradvertising.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.features

B.broadcasting

C.publications

D.media

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)feature“特色，特征”；B選項(xiàng)broadcast“廣播”；C選項(xiàng)publication“出版，發(fā)表”；D選項(xiàng)media“媒介”。句意：電視、廣播和報(bào)紙是廣告的重要媒介。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Inordertoshowhisbosswhatacarefulworkerhewas,hetook______troubleoverthefigures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extra

B.supreme

C.extensive

D.spare

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)extra“額外的，附加的”；B選項(xiàng)supreme“極其的”；C選項(xiàng)extensive“廣闊的，廣大的”；D選項(xiàng)spare“備用的；閑置的”。句意：為了讓他的老板知道他是一個(gè)細(xì)心的員工，他在數(shù)字上花了______心思。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是特別花心思讓老板知道他的細(xì)心，A選項(xiàng)extra“額外的，附加的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thisisacommonor（）dispute.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.door

B.toilet

C.garden

D.kitchen

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。commonorgarden“普通的，常見(jiàn)的，一般的”。句意：這是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的爭(zhēng)論。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thenewfindings,reportedbyU.S.andUKscientistsintheJournalofEpidemiologyandCommunityHealth,suggestthatformaldehydeinfoodpackagingmay（）yourfood,butthatdoesn’tmakeitdangerous.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminate

B.contemplate

C.denounce

D.disrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)contaminate表示“污染，弄臟”；B選項(xiàng)contemplate表示“沉思，注視”；C選項(xiàng)denounce表示“譴責(zé)，告發(fā)，公然抨擊”；D選項(xiàng)disrupt表示“破壞，分裂，瓦解”。由句意可知，這項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明食品包裝中的甲醛可能會(huì)污染食物，因此contaminate的詞義最符合句意。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Heisayoungand（）coachwhoispreparedtoleadhisteamtowinthechampionshipinhisfirstseason.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.realistic

B.humorous

C.ambitious

D.intimate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)realistic“現(xiàn)實(shí)的；現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的；逼真的；實(shí)在論的”；B選項(xiàng)humorous“詼諧的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的”；C選項(xiàng)ambitious“野心勃勃的；有雄心的；熱望的”；D選項(xiàng)intimate“親密的；私人的；精通的”。句意：他是一個(gè)年輕而有（）的教練，他準(zhǔn)備在他的第一個(gè)賽季帶領(lǐng)他的球隊(duì)贏得冠軍。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Iamcautiously（）thatanewgovernmentwillbeconcernedandawareabouttheenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.hostile

C.cynical

D.doubtful

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。optimistic“樂(lè)觀的”；hostile“敵對(duì)的”；cynical“憤世嫉俗的”；doubtful“可疑的”。句意：對(duì)于新政府是否會(huì)關(guān)注環(huán)境問(wèn)題，我持謹(jǐn)慎的______態(tài)度。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息cautiously可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意，“樂(lè)觀態(tài)度”。

17.單選題

Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.letalone

D.lesslikely

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如今越來(lái)越少的工人期望在工作生涯中都一直在同樣的領(lǐng)域工作，更不必說(shuō)一直在同樣的公司工作。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。allelse其他所有;muchworse更糟糕的是;letalone更不用說(shuō)，聽任，不打擾；lesslikely最不可能的是，較少可能?？崭袂昂蟊硎具f進(jìn),故選C。

18.單選題

Itisimportantthatanundergraduate（）agradepointaverageofBinhismajorfield.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintains

B.maintain

C.willmaintain

D.shallmaintain

【答案】B

【解析】Itis+adj.+that從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)為should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。

19.單選題

Itwas（）towatchherconditiondeterioratedaybyday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sympathetic

B.pathetic

C.empathic

D.pathic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sympathetic“同情的；贊同的”；pathetic“可憐的；感傷的”；empathic“移情作用的”；pathic“消極的；病態(tài)的”。句意：看著她的病情一天天惡化真的令人……。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Politicianslie,andpeoplewithapoliticalagenda（

）thefactstoservethem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.slant

B.imitate

C.transfer

D.converse

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。slant帶有偏見(jiàn)地報(bào)道或陳述；imitate模仿，效仿；transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移；converse交談，談話。句意：政客們?nèi)鲋e，抱有政治目的的人歪曲事實(shí)來(lái)逢迎他們。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

21.單選題

II.(EconomicLaw)

Forfourhundredyears,companylawhastriedtosolvethecoreproblemofcorporategovernance,theseparationofownershipandcontrol.InEurope,corporategovernancedidnotbecomearesearchdisciplineofitsownbeforetheendofthelastmillennium.Theanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodelswasthestartingpointandstillisoneofthemostimportantfieldsoftheincreasinglycomparativeandinterdisciplinaryresearchagenda.ThehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)impressivelyillustratesearlyproblemsofcompanylaw.Itsevolutionestablishedthefirstinstitutionalsupervisorystructure.TheV.O.C.goesbacktoamergeroftheearlycompanies,theVoorcompagnieen.Muchlikemodernbusinessamalgamations,itwassoughttoimprovethemarketpositionagainstcompetitors.ManyoftheV.O.C.’sfeaturesarestillcharacteristicformoderncompanies.

Withitsincorporationin1602,theV.O.C.hadaninternalstructurecomparabletowhatwedescribetodayasaone-tierboardmodel.Theboardofseventeendirectors,electedbythegovernorsofthesixchambers,haduniversalmanagementpowerandactednearlyfreefromanyinterferencebyminorityshareholders.Theboarddevelopedthebusinessstrategy,settheshippingroutes,andissuedresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers.Inthecourseoffurtherbusinessexpansionin1648,anexecutivecommitteeoftheboard(TheHagueCommittee)helpedtoorganizetheworkofthedirectors.Committeesformedforaccountingorspecificbusinessmatters,werealsofoundatthechamberlevel.

Themajorgovernanceproblemresultedthelackofadefinitionofdirectors’dutiesasanalignmentofdecisionmakingandthecompany’sinterest.Thegovernors—themerchantsandownersoftheearlycompanies—wereunawarethatanentitywithitsowninteresthademergedastheycontinuedtomanagetheV.O.C.inthewaytheyhadmanagedtheirearlycompanies.Inparticular,thegovernors’righttopriorpurchaseturnedouttobeunfortunate,leadingtoanearlyformofwhatwetodaycallself-dealing.Withtheseconddashofregulationin1623,thelicensewaschangedandthegovernorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditionsasanyoneelse.Further,theywereallowedtosupplythecompanyonlyiftheyhadbeengrantedalicensetodoso.Themajorchangeintheinternalstructurecamewiththeintroductionofthecommitteeofninein1623,whichcanbedescribedasanearlyformofthemodernsupervisoryboard.

KlausJ.Hopt,PatrickC.Leyens:“BoardModelsinEurope—RecentDevelopmentsofInternalCorporateGovernanceStructuresinGermany,theUnitedKingdom,France,andItaly”

55.Inthe17thcentury,theboardofseventeendirectorshaduniversalmanagementpowertodothefollowingexcept___.

56.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthat___.

57.Thewordwhichcanbestreplacetheword“alignment”intheunderlinedsentenceis___.

58.WhichofthefollowingdidNOThappenin1623?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.developingthebusinessstrategy

B.decidingwhichwaytotakefortheshipping

C.helpingtoorganizetheworkofthechambers

D.issuingresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thestartingpointoftheresearchwastheanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodels

B.corporategovernancewasaresearchdisciplineofitsownintheearly1900’s

C.mergeroftheearlycompanieswassoughttoimprovethecompetitors

D.thehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)wasveryimpressive

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.grouping

B.association

C.arrangement

D.coalition

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Governorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditions.

B.Thecommitteeofninewasintroducedwithinternalstructure.

C.Governorswerenotallowedtosupplythecompanyiftheyhadnotbeengrantedalicensetodoso.

D.Quitesomeregulationsweremade.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Theboarddevelopedthebusinessstrategy,settheshippingrou