考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,____thesamecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.letalone

D.lesslikely

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.allelse其他所有B.muchworse更糟糕的是

C.letalone更不必說(shuō)D.lesslikely更不可能

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】前文提到“如今越來(lái)越少的工人想在同一個(gè)領(lǐng)域（inthesamefield）度過(guò)他們的工作生涯”，后文內(nèi)容為“同一家公司（thesamecompany）”，根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)義可知，從“同一個(gè)領(lǐng)域”到“同一家公司”，工人們不愿意的程度是增加的，空格前后為程度增加的兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)，C選項(xiàng)letalone“更不必說(shuō)”，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞，符合原文語(yǔ)境。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)allelse“其他所有”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)muchworse“更糟糕的是”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接；

D選項(xiàng)lesslikely“更不可能”，形容詞或副詞短語(yǔ)，不單獨(dú)并列兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)。

【句意】如今越來(lái)越少的工人想一直在同一個(gè)領(lǐng)域工作，更不用說(shuō)同一家公司了。

2.單選題

TheboardofDirectorsdecidedthatmoreyoungmenwhowerequalifiedwouldbe（）importantpositions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insertedinto

B.furnishedwith

C.installedin

D.attributedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)搭配。insertinto“插入，寫(xiě)入”；furnishedwith“提供”；installedin“把……安裝于”；attributeto“歸因于……”。根據(jù)youngman與importantpositions可知是將“合格的年輕人放到重要的位置”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.填空題

（1）

totheCanadianmedia,thereiswidespread（2）ofthegovernment'splantoreformhighereducation.Angry（3）againstthemeasurehavebeenorganizedinseveralmajorcities.

【答案】1.according;

2.criticism;

3.people

【解析】1.固定搭配。Accordingto根據(jù)。

2.語(yǔ)義題。第二空填名詞，由后面的關(guān)鍵信息Angry和against可知填criticism(批評(píng))符合題意。

3.語(yǔ)義題。第三空為主語(yǔ)的一部分,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為organized(組織),同時(shí)受Angry修飾，結(jié)合上下文可以填people。

4.單選題

On（）featureofsupermarketisthatithiresfewerclerks,whichcutdownonthecostofsale.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.instinct

C.distinctive

D.instinctive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。extinct"滅絕的,絕種的";instinct"本能,直覺(jué),天性";distinctive"有特色的,與眾不同的";instinctive"本能的,直覺(jué)的,天生的"。句意：超市最大的特點(diǎn)是雇傭的店員少,這就降低了銷(xiāo)售成本。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

PricesforcarsintheU.S.canrun______$20,800.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ashighas

B.sohighas

C.sohighto

D.sohighthat

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ashighas高達(dá)B.sohighas那么高

C.sohighto如此高D.sohighthat如此高以致于……

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“美國(guó)的汽車(chē)價(jià)格______20800美元”可知，空格處填入“高達(dá)”符合句意，且as…as…為固定搭配，表示“和……一樣”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)沒(méi)有這個(gè)用法；

D項(xiàng)后面一般要跟句子。

【句意】在美國(guó)，汽車(chē)的價(jià)格可高達(dá)20800美元。

6.單選題

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthattheywerecasuallyrelatedtobehavior;thatis,theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.Commonsense,too,suggestsarelationship.Isn’titlogicalthatpeoplewatchtelevisionprogramstheylike,orthatemployeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistasteful?

However,inthelate1960s,thisassumedeffectofattitudesonbehaviorwaschallengedbyareviewoftheresearch.Oneresearcher—LeonFestinger—arguedthatattitudesfollowbehavior.Didyouevernoticehowpeoplechangewhattheysay.soitdoesn’tcontradictwhattheydo?PerhapsafriendofyourshasconsistentlyarguedthatthequalityofUScarsisn’tuptothatofimportsandthathe’dneverownanythingbutaJapaneseorGermancar.Buthisdadgiveshimalate-modelFordMustang,andsuddenlyUScarsaren'tsobad.Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.Festingerarguedthatanyformofinconsistencyisuncomfortableandthatindividualswillattempttoreducethedissonanceand,hence,thediscomfort.Theywillseekastablestate,inwhichthereisaminimumofdissonance.

Researchhasgenerallyconcludedthatpeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehavior.Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.Tobaccoexecutivesprovideanexample.Howyoumightwonderdothesepeoplecopewiththeongoingbarrageofdatalinkingcigarettesmokingandnegativehealthoutcomes?Theycandenythatanyclearcausationbetweensmokingandcancer,forinstance,hasbeenestablished.Theycanbrainwashthemselvesbycontinuallyarticulatingthebenefitsoftobacco.Theycanacknowledgethenegativeconsequencesofsmoking,butrationalizethatpeoplearegoingtosmokeandthattobaccocompaniesmerelypromotefreedomofchoice.Theycanaccepttheresearchevidenceandbeginactivelyworkingtomakelessdangerouscigarettesoratleastreducetheiravailabilitytomorevulnerablegroups,suchasteenagers.Ortheycanquittheirjobbecausethedissonanceistoogreat.

Noindividual,ofcourse,cancompletelyavoiddissonance.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong,butyou“fudge”thenumbersabiteveryyearandhopeyou’renotaudited.Oryoutellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.Sohowdopeoplecope?Festingerwouldproposethatthedesiretoreducedissonancedependsontheimportanceoftheelementscreatingitandthedegreeofinfluencetheindividualbelieveshehasovertheelements;individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.Athirdfactoristherewardsofdissonance;highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonancebecausetheyallowustoeasilyrationalizeit.

1.ThepurposeofmentioningtheTVprogramspeoplewatchinthefirstparagraphistoshow（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingcasescanillustrate“dissonance”？

3.PeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehaviorbydoingmanythingsEXCEPTby（）.

4.Theauthorwantstotellus（）bygivingtheexampleoftobaccoexecutives.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatpeopleholddifferentattitudestowarddifferentTVprograms

B.thatpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehaviors

C.thatpeople’sbehaviorsdeterminetheirattitudes

D.thatthereexistsareversiblerelationshipbetweenpeople’sattitudesandtheirbehaviors

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Employeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistastefi.il.

B.AyoungmanlikeJapanesecars,buthisfatherbuyshimaUScar.

C.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong.

D.Youtellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.alteringtheirattitudes

B.alteringtheirbehavior

C.developingtherationaldiscrepancy

D.rationalizingthediscrepancy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.whysomanypeoplequittheirjobs

B.howpeoplereducethedissonance

C.howpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehavior

D.whypeople’sattitudesareinconsistentwiththeirbehavior

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Highrewardsdecreasepeople’sdesiretoreducethedissonance.

B.Highrewardspromptpeopletoreducethedissonance.

C.Ifpeoplebelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol,thedissonancecanbeavoided.

D.Peoplearelikelytogethigherrewards,iftheycanrationalizetheirbehavior

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.”，可知作者的提出的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是人們的態(tài)度決定了他們的行為。所以可推斷接下來(lái)的例子都是用來(lái)進(jìn)一步證明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.”，可知認(rèn)知失調(diào)是指?jìng)€(gè)體在兩種或兩種以上的態(tài)度之間或行為與態(tài)度之間所感知到的任何不一致?？赏茢郿issonance涉及到不一致的問(wèn)題。所以告訴孩子用牙線(xiàn)但自己卻不用，就體現(xiàn)了這種認(rèn)知的不一致。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句，“Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.”，可知他們會(huì)通過(guò)改變態(tài)度，或者改變行為，或者為這種差異找合理的解釋來(lái)解決不一致的問(wèn)題。所以C項(xiàng)“發(fā)展合理化的不一致”文章沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。文章第三段首先提到了人們解決不一致性問(wèn)題的方法，下文舉出了煙草公司高管的例子，可推斷作者用實(shí)例來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明人們減少不一致性的具體方法。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonance”，可知高回報(bào)伴隨著高失調(diào)，減少不一致的內(nèi)在張力。所以高回報(bào)是可以降低人們減少不一致的欲望。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。同時(shí)可排除B選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.”，可知當(dāng)態(tài)度或行為很重要，或者當(dāng)他們認(rèn)為這種不一致是由他們能夠控制的事情造成時(shí)，個(gè)人會(huì)更有動(dòng)力去減少這種不協(xié)調(diào)?？膳懦鼵選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)提到如果人們能使自己的行為合理化，他們就有可能獲得更高的回報(bào)，在文中并未提及。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Paulwasso______abouthisbaldnessthatheworeahat,whetheritwaswinterorsummer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.self-composed

B.self-conscious

C.self-confessed

D.self-confident

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.self-composed鎮(zhèn)定的，沉著的B.self-conscious難為情的，自己意識(shí)到的

C.self-confessed自動(dòng)坦白的，公開(kāi)承認(rèn)的D.self-confident自信的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由baldness（禿頂）可知，Paul對(duì)此是難為情的，所以self-conscious符合句意。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】保羅對(duì)自己的禿頂感到很難為情，無(wú)論是冬天還是夏天，他都戴帽子。

8.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onoccasion“間或，有時(shí)”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有時(shí)，這給銀行造成麻煩。)；B選項(xiàng)onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地來(lái)這里看你。)；C選項(xiàng)oncondition“在……條件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D選項(xiàng)onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首時(shí)，后面主句的主謂語(yǔ)要倒裝，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老師的允許，學(xué)生才可以進(jìn)這屋。)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)oncondition后面跟that從句，表示“在……條件下”。句意：他向我借錢(qián)，我同意了，但條件是下周還錢(qián)。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Thetownsquarereallylooksmagnificentatnightwhenitis（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.illuminated

B.decorated

C.furnished

D.inhabited

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。illuminated“被照明的”；decorated“裝飾的，修飾的”；furnished“家具，有家具的”；inhabited“有人居住的”。句意：當(dāng)燈光照亮?xí)r，夜晚的城市廣場(chǎng)看上去真的很宏偉。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttoo（）foranyonetoappreciate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drastic

B.dull

C.obscure

D.distinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)drastic“激烈的；猛烈的”；B選項(xiàng)dull“鈍的；遲鈍的；無(wú)趣的；呆滯的”；C選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的；晦澀的；不清楚的；隱蔽的”；D選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的；獨(dú)特的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的”。句意：她對(duì)她詩(shī)人朋友的提及盡管令人關(guān)注，但是卻太晦澀而沒(méi)有人能理解。根據(jù)句中“buttoo但是卻太”可知“晦澀的”符合語(yǔ)境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Intheprofessionswherewomen（）numerically,itwouldbereasonabletoexpectthemtoholdseniorpositions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tolerate

B.integrate

C.predominate

D.accumulate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使...完整；predominate支配，主導(dǎo)，在...中占優(yōu)勢(shì)；accumulate累積，積聚。句意：在婦女?dāng)?shù)量上占優(yōu)勢(shì)的職位中，期望她們擔(dān)任高級(jí)職位也是合情合理的。所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Spiesmayhaveanumberof______namesandpapers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.synthetic

C.false

D.pretended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)artificial“（力求自然）人造的”，anartificiallimb“假肢”；B選項(xiàng)synthetic“（用化學(xué)物質(zhì)人工）合成的”，syntheticdrugs“合成藥物”；C選項(xiàng)false“偽造的”，afalsepassport“假護(hù)照”；D選項(xiàng)pretended“假裝的”。句意：間諜可能有許多______的名字和文件。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，間諜為了假冒身份，有許多false“偽造的”文件。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.填空題

Personsinresponsiblepositionsmaybeabductedorassassinatedonthegroundsthattheyare“representatives”ofsomeinstitutionorsystemwhichtheirassailantsareopposed.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dwhich改為towhich

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】定語(yǔ)從句。

【解題思路】D部分到句尾是修飾someinstitutionorsystem的定語(yǔ)從句，beopposedto為固定搭配，意思為“反對(duì)……”，介詞to置于引導(dǎo)詞which前。

【句意】負(fù)責(zé)人可能被綁架或暗殺，其原因是他們是攻擊者所反對(duì)的某些機(jī)構(gòu)或制度的“代表”。

14.單選題

Themoonisnotaplanet（）theplanetsinmanyrespects.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resembling

B.whichresembles

C.butresemblanceto

D.althoughitresembles

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞not和inmanyrespect可知此句句意為：盡管月球在許多方面與行星相似，但它不是行星。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意和語(yǔ)法。

15.單選題

Somepeoplethinktheycanreadaman’s________fromhishandwriting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attribute

B.feature

C.property

D.character

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)attribute“屬性，特質(zhì)”；B選項(xiàng)feature“特色，特征”；C選項(xiàng)property“財(cái)產(chǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)character“性格，特性”。句意：一些人認(rèn)為他們可以從一個(gè)人的筆跡中看出這個(gè)人的（）。從筆跡中看出來(lái)的是人的性格特點(diǎn)，A，B，D都有性格的意思，但是attribute一般指一個(gè)群體的特性，比如說(shuō)Patienceisoneofthemostimportantattributesinateacher.（耐心是作為老師最重要的特性之一）；feature指的是一種外顯的特征，一眼看得出來(lái)不需要推測(cè)，比如說(shuō)Hereyesarehermoststrikingfeature.（她容貌中最引人注目的特點(diǎn)是她的雙眼）；character指的是人的性格特點(diǎn)；所以答案選D。

16.單選題

MalaysiaandIndonesiarelyonopenmarketsforforestandfisheryproducts.______,someAsiancountriesarehighlyprotectionist.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Naturally

B.Conversely

C.Deliberately

D.Evidently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)naturally“自然地”，B項(xiàng)conversely“相反地”，C項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地，緩慢而謹(jǐn)慎地”，D項(xiàng)evidently“顯然，明顯地，清楚地”。由openmarkets“開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)”和protectionist“貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的”可知，前后語(yǔ)義是相反的，conversely符合語(yǔ)境。句意：馬來(lái)西亞和印度尼西亞的森林和漁業(yè)產(chǎn)品依賴(lài)開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)；相反，一些亞洲國(guó)家貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義色彩濃厚。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe______betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，反論；似是而非的論點(diǎn)；自相矛盾的人或事”；B選項(xiàng)junction“連接，接合；交叉點(diǎn)；接合點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難；兩刀論法”；D選項(xiàng)premise“前提，假定；（常復(fù)數(shù)）商店、餐館、公司等使用的房屋及土地；（常復(fù)數(shù)）上訴各項(xiàng)”。句意：父母?jìng)兘?jīng)常面對(duì)這樣的兩難處境，是選擇做他們認(rèn)為的對(duì)孩子發(fā)展好的事情呢，還是選擇對(duì)其放任自流。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thenumberoffemalebossesoflargefirmsremainsstubbornlysmall.NotsingleoneonFrance’sCAC40shareindexoronGermany'sDAXindexisrunbyawoman.InAmerica，only15chiefexecutivesofFortune500companiesarewomen.Britaindoesbetter,butnotmuch:fiveoftheFTSE-100firmshavefemalebosses.

OnJuly6ththeEuropeanParliamentpassedaresolutioncallingforEU-widelegislationstipulatingthatatleast40%ofseatsonlistedcompanies’supervisoryboardswillbereservedforwomenby2020.Thisdoesnotobligememberstatestodoanything,butitreflectsaspreadingmood.TheGermangovernmentisconsideringwhethertoimposequotas.Americaisnot,butnewrulesfromtheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionwillrequirefirmstorevealwhat,ifanything,theyaredoingtoincreasediversityatthetoptable.

VivianeReding,theEUcommissionerforjustice,arguesthatcompulsionistheonlywaytoovercomeentrencheddiscrimination.InMarch,sheposteda“WomenontheBoardPledgeforEurope”onherwebsite.Onlysevencompanieshavesignedupsofar.

Thereisapowerfulbusinesscaseforhiringmorewomentoruncompanies.Theyaremorelikelytounderstandthetastesandaspirationsofthelargestgroupofconsumersintheworld,namelywomen.Theyrepresentanunderfishedpooloftalent.McKinsey,aconsultancy,recentlylookedat89listedcompaniesinEuropewithaveryhighproportionofwomeninseniormanagementpostsandcomparedtheirfinancialperformancewiththeaverageforfirmsinthesameindustry.Itfoundthatthesefirmsenjoyedahigherreturnonequity,fatteroperatingprofitsandamorebuoyantshareprice.Theauthorsdescribedthecorrelationbetweenpromotingwomenanddoingwellas“striking”，thoughtheyadmittedthattheycouldnotprovewhatwascausingwhat.Itispossiblethatfirmsthatarealreadydoingwelltendtohiremorefemaledirectors.Ontheotherhand,astudybyAmyDittmarandKennethAhemoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatfirmsthatwereforcedtoincreasetheshareofwomenontheirboardsbymorethantenpercentagepointssawonemeasureofcorporatevalue(theratioofmarketcapitalizationtothereplacementvalueofassets,knownasTobin’sQ)fallby18%.

Ifquotasaren’ttheanswer,whatis?Thequestionisfiendishlycomplex.Inmostrichcountries,womendoaswellasmenorevenbetteratschoolanduniversity.InAmerica,mostnewmaster’sdegreesareawardedtowomen.Womenalsoholdmorethanhalfoftheentry-leveljobsatAmericanblue-chipcompanies.

Butcorporatewomenstarttofallbehindtheirmalepeersrightfromthebeginning.Theyarelessaggressivethanmenwhennegotiatingtheirfirstsalaryandeverysubsequentpayrise.LindaBabcockofCarnegieMellonUniversityfoundthathermalegraduatestudentssecuredstartingsalaries7.6%higherthanherfemalegraduatestudents.Ingeneral,menarefourtimesmorelikelytoaskforapayrisethanwomenare.Compoundedovertime,thismakesahugedifference.

Thehigheryougazeupthecorporateladder,thefewerwomenyousee.AccordingtoCatalyst,aresearcherinNewYork,womenare37%ofthemiddlemanagersinbigAmericanfirms,28%oftheseniormanagersandamere14%ofexecutive-committeemembers.

Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.

Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.Partlybecauseitissotrickytojugglekidsandacareer,manyhighlyablewomenoptforjobswithpredictablehours,suchashumanresourcesoraccounting.Theyalsogravitatetowardsfieldswheretheirskillsarelesslikelytobecomeobsoleteiftheytakeacareerbreak,whichisperhapsonereasonwhynearlytwo-thirdsofnewAmericanlawgraduatesarefemalebutonly18%ofengineers.

Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.Crechesandnurseriesarcsubsidized.Stateschoolswillhangontothelittlemonsterswellintotheevening.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.

Womenbringuniquestrengthstoacompany,reckonsLisaGersh,thebossofMarthaStewartLivingOmnimedia,amerchandisingandmediafirmfoundedbyalifestyleguru.Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainfocusofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Allofthefollowingarebelievedtoaccountforthedisproportionaterepresentationofwomenin

businesstopEXCEPT（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofcareerwomenaccordingtothepassage?

5.Tohighlighthis/herpointsandconvincethereaders,theauthorofthispassagemainlyrelieson

（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedilemmaofbusinesswomen.

B.Thediscriminationagainstwomeninthefieldofbusiness.

C.Theconcernaboutthefactthattopwomenexecutivesaresofewandwhyitisso

D.Howtoeradicatethediscriminationagainstwomeninbusinessandtheeffect

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ScandinaviancountriesaremoreegalitarianandfemininethanBritainandUSA

B.Peopleunanimouslywelcomethequotassystemtoincorporatemorewomenintotheboardroom.

C.Womenwhobenefitfromquotaspracticeinvariablypromotethedevelopmentoftheirbusinesses.

D.Americanwomenareingeneralthebesteducatedandalsothemostequallytreatedinbusiness.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Womenareheldbackbythedilemmaofdealingwithfamilyandwork.

B.Thepowerfulbackersavailabletosuccessfulmenaredeniedofwomen.

C.Womendon’tenjoythesameopportunityforbettereducationthanmen

D.Womenarelessaggressiveandlagbehindtheircounterpartsfromtheverybeginningoftheircareer.?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cooperative

B.Multitasking

C.Efficient

D.flextime

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.dataandfigures

B.personalexperiences

C.assertionsbasedonpersonalobservations

D.appealingtoreaders’sentimentsandemotions

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要提出了高級(jí)女主管很少的現(xiàn)象，并且對(duì)此分析了原因。

2.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.一些政府努力幫助女性把事業(yè)和家庭結(jié)合起來(lái)。法國(guó)和斯堪的納維亞國(guó)家?guī)椭鷥和Ｓ＿@與美國(guó)和英國(guó)的學(xué)校形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，美國(guó)和英國(guó)的學(xué)校在一個(gè)成年人的工作日結(jié)束之前就把他們趕出去了。美國(guó)的父母還必須為成年人安排超短的假期，為孩子安排長(zhǎng)得荒唐的假期?！笨芍▏?guó)和斯堪的納維亞國(guó)家比英國(guó)和美國(guó)更加平等，更加重視女性，故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第四段及第三段“Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.在企業(yè)界，贊助和晉升的工作方式可能不利于女性。西爾維亞?安?休利特(SylviaAnnHewlett)是《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》(HarvardBusinessReview)的一篇報(bào)告《贊助商效應(yīng)》(theSponsorEffect)的作者，她認(rèn)為，幾乎所有升到高層的高管都有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的支持者。然而，女性往往無(wú)法培養(yǎng)出休利特所說(shuō)的“關(guān)系資本”。他們不愿尋求幫助，擔(dān)心會(huì)顯得咄咄逼人。還有很多人擔(dān)心與男同事的親密關(guān)系會(huì)引發(fā)流言蜚語(yǔ)。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，所有這些都發(fā)揮了作用。但讓更多女性進(jìn)入董事會(huì)的一個(gè)更大障礙是，太多女性難以平衡工作和家庭?？芍狝BD項(xiàng)在文中都有提及，故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.她們比男性更善于合作，Gersh女士說(shuō)，而且更擅長(zhǎng)多任務(wù)處理。那些有孩子的人很快就會(huì)變得有效率。她們知道她們必須在特定的時(shí)間回家?！笨芍殬I(yè)女性的優(yōu)勢(shì)是善于合作，能夠處理許多任務(wù)，并且高效。故答案D。

5.推理判斷題。全文通過(guò)一些數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)分析女性高管少的現(xiàn)象及原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceal

B.consent

C.abide

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏，隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)consent“同意，準(zhǔn)許”；C選項(xiàng)abide“忍受”；D選項(xiàng)comply“遵守”。

句意：不言而喻，拒絕遵守法律的人將受到懲罰。complywith意為“遵守”，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

20.單選題

Itwasreally（）ofyoutoremembermybirthday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.grateful

B.considerate

C.considerable

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)grateful“感謝的，令人愉快的”；B選項(xiàng)considerate“體貼的，考慮周到的”，例句：I’vealwaysunderstoodoneshouldtryandbeconsiderateofotherpeople.（我一直認(rèn)為一個(gè)人應(yīng)該盡量為他人著想。）；C選項(xiàng)considerable“相當(dāng)大的，重要的，值得考慮的”，例句：Hebroughttothejobnotjustconsiderableexperiencebutpassionateenthusiasm.（他不僅給這一工作帶來(lái)了不少經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而且傾注了極大的熱情。）；D選項(xiàng)generous“慷慨的，大方的”。句意：你還記得我的生日，真是太體貼了。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

21.寫(xiě)作題

Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsaccordingto/hefollowingtopic.PleasewriteyourcompositionclearlyontheAnswerSheetprovided

TOPIC:

Doyouwanttotakeajobthatiswell-payingbutdemandshighlyorajobthatpaysyoumoderatelybutdemandslightly?Pleasechooseoneoptionandwriteanessayofatleast150words.Pleaseuseadequatematerialtosupportyourposition.

【答案】MyChoiceonJob22.單選題

Inmodernsociety,peoplehavemoreandmoreanxietyindailylifeaswellasinworkbecauseofthe（）ofthecitylife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.speed

B.rhythm

C.velocity

D.tempo

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:speed“速度；快速”；B:rhythm“節(jié)奏”；C:velocity“速率”；D:tempo“［樂(lè)］速度，拍子”。句意：在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，由于城市生活的節(jié)奏，人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ詈凸ぷ髦卸加懈嘟箲]。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，B為正確答案。

23.單選題

Toourgreatdelight,yesterdaywereceiveda（n）（）donationfromabenefactor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.handsome

B.awesome

C.miserly