考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京科技職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京科技職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Withourmagnificentnewcollegesoffurthereducation,thesuper-polytechnicsspringinguplikemushrooms,andourmuchvauntedincreaseofstudentsinfull-timeeducation,onevitalpointisbeinglefttousofeducationalthinking.Whatwillitearn?Because—sadasitmayseemtothosewhobelieveinits-mind-broadening,horizon-wideningandstaminatestingqualities—youcan'teateducation.Thereare39universitiesandcollegesofferingdegreecoursesinGeography,butIhaveneverseenanygoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised.OramIaloneinsuspectingthattheywillallreturntoteachGeographytoanothersetofstudents,whointurnwillteachmoreGeographyundergraduates?

OnlytenuniversitiescurrentlyofferdegreecoursesinAeronauticalEngineering,whichperhapsisjustaswell,inviewofthespeedwiththeaircraftindustryhasbeendispensingwithexcesspersonnel.Ontheotherhand,hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.Thereason?Universitymedicalschoolscanonlyfindplacesforhalforthosewhoapply.

ItseemstomethatthetimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandProductivityandtheDepartmentofEducationandSciencetogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemthatwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthoftalent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.Theymightmakeastartbyreintroducingagenuine“General”CertificateofEducation.Inthedayswhenitmeantsomething,thiswascalledtheSchoolCertificate.Employerslikedit,becauseitindicatedproficiencyinEnglish,Arithmetic,ScienceandHumanities—inotherwords,thatyouhadanall-roundeducation.Youcoulduseitasaspringboardtohighereducation,butitactuallymeantsomethinginitself,ineveryindustryforchemicaltoclothing.

1.TheusefulnessofGeographycoursesisrestrictedmainlybecause（

）.

2.Incontrastwiththeaircraftindustry,hospitals

（

）.

3.“Industry”(Line4,Para....3)means

（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“noonewantstoknowabout”(Line5,Para.3)?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.therearenogoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised

B.Geographygraduatescanonlybeteachers

C.GeographygraduatesarenotallowedtodothejobsrelatedtoGeography

D.Geographygraduatesarenotqualifiedformanyjobsduetothepoortrainingtheyreceivedinschool

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.arefullofqualifiedpersonnel

B.havemorequalifiedpersonnelthanschools

C.needmorequalifiedpersonnelthantheycanget

D.needfewerpersonnelthanotherorganizations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.business

B.hardwork

C.trade

D.educationalsystem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Nooneknowsaboutthem.

B.Noonehastheideaoftheuseofthem

C.Thereisnointerestinordemandforthem

D.Thereisnouseinknowingaboutthem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“教育思想留給我們一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題。它能掙多少錢(qián)?對(duì)于那些相信教育能使人開(kāi)闊思維、開(kāi)闊視野、具備吃苦耐勞品質(zhì)的人來(lái)說(shuō)這似乎很悲哀，因?yàn)榻逃⒉荒茏屇闾铒柖亲?。”接下?lái)以地理專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生為例來(lái)說(shuō)明這個(gè)問(wèn)題，所以由此可以推斷，地理課程的實(shí)用性收到限制是因?yàn)榻逃膯?wèn)題，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.由于缺少醫(yī)生，全國(guó)各地的醫(yī)院急診室都不得不關(guān)閉?！庇纱丝芍t(yī)院需要比他們所能得到的還要更多的合格人員，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)下文的描述“industrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.目前，‘industry’正在提供沒(méi)有人想知道的證書(shū)、文憑和學(xué)位?！弊C書(shū)，文憑和學(xué)位都是涉及教育的，由此可推測(cè)“industry”指的是教育體系。

4.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)上一題可知，這里沒(méi)人想知道的是教育體系所提供的證書(shū)，文憑和學(xué)位。再根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，作者呼吁各部門(mén)一起改變現(xiàn)有的教育體系，并建議引進(jìn)真正通用的教育證書(shū)。說(shuō)明人們對(duì)現(xiàn)在的教育體系所提供的證書(shū)，文憑和學(xué)位不感興趣而且也不需要。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在我們正面臨著一項(xiàng)嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)：全球變暖。地球氣候持續(xù)惡化，正在演變成一場(chǎng)事關(guān)緊要的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，而從任何一個(gè)方面來(lái)看，美國(guó)正在輸?shù)暨@場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。美國(guó)每年釋放的溫室氣體約占全球總量的25%，并聲稱它不打算采取任何減排措施。困難還在于，即使絕大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為氣候變化是個(gè)全球性的緊急事件，如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難達(dá)成共識(shí)。工業(yè)界提出自己的方案，可惜這些方案通常解決不了什么問(wèn)題。環(huán)保主義者也獻(xiàn)策，可惜他們的方案往往過(guò)于天真，以至于會(huì)嚴(yán)重阻礙美國(guó)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。但是一個(gè)宏大而有效的方案到底是什么樣的呢？如何才能讓我們同時(shí)擁有安全的環(huán)境和良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)？

然而，只要我們能制定出可行的戰(zhàn)略，將短期措施和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)結(jié)合起來(lái)，將務(wù)實(shí)精神和雄心壯志結(jié)合起來(lái)，我們就能做到既不損害經(jīng)濟(jì)，又幫助遏制氣候變化帶來(lái)的最壞影響，并保證我們的后代在這個(gè)世界上能生存下來(lái)。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，最需要的是決心和意志。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Nowweareconfrontedwithaformidablechallenge:globalwarming.TheglobalclimategoesondeterioratingandisevolvingintoacrucialwartheUnitedStatesislosingfromanyperspective.Everyyear,theUnitedStatesemitsnearly25%oftheglobalgreenhousegasesandclaimsthatithasnointentionoftakinganyemission-reductionmeasures.Thedifficultyalsoliesinthefactthateventheoverwhelmingmajorityofpeopleconsidertheclimatechangetobeaglobalemergency,itisverydifficulttofindacommomgroundastohowtosolvethoseproblems.Theindustrialworldhascomeupwithschemes,whichunfortunatelyarenotsolutionstoproblems.Environmentalistsalsosuggestwaysandmeans,butregrettablytheirschemesaresonaivethattheymayhinderthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Butwhatonearthisagrandandeffectiveschemelike?Howcanwepossessbothasafeenvironmentandafantasticeconomicgrowth?

However,aslongasweworkoutfeasibletactics,combineshort-termmeasureswithlong-termgoals,integratepracticalspiritwithambition,wecannotonlyprotecteconomybutalsohelpholdbacktheworsteffectscausedbyclimatechangesandensurethatourdescendentssurviveintheworld.Torealizethisgoal,whatweneedmostisdeterminationandwill.

3.單選題

OrdinarilyProfessorLingisaperfectlyreasonableman,soIdon'tunderstandwhyheisbeingsostubborninthiscase.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aperfectly

B.Idon'tunderstandwhy

C.isbeing

D.inthiscase

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】E

4.單選題

Sheisthemost（）secretaryI’veeverhad.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficient

B.effective

C.industrial

D.practiced

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)efficient“有效率的；有能力的；生效的”，B選項(xiàng)effective“有效的，起作用的；實(shí)際的”，C選項(xiàng)industrial“工業(yè)的，產(chǎn)業(yè)的”，D選項(xiàng)practiced“熟練的；有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；老練的”；然后看到題干：她是為我效力過(guò)的最（）的秘書(shū)?？梢钥闯鲋挥蠥帶進(jìn)去最符合，她應(yīng)該是效率高，能力高的秘書(shū)，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Itdidnottakelongforthecentralbankto（）theirfears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.soothe

B.snub

C.smear

D.sanctify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。soothe“使平靜，安慰，緩和”；snub“冷落，斥責(zé)”；smear“涂上，抹掉，誹謗”；sanctify“使神圣”。句意：銀行并沒(méi)有花費(fèi)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就緩解了人們的憂慮。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Ifpeopledidn'tperspire,theywoulddieinfiveminutes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.breathe

B.eat

C.sweat

D.drink

【答案】C

【解析】句意：如果人們不流汗，他們將在五分鐘內(nèi)死去。perspire意為使排汗，分泌出。只有選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

7.單選題

Theriverwas（）withindustrialwastefromthenearbyfactory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Irradiated

B.contaminated

C.corrupted

D.fragmented

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:這條河被來(lái)自附近的工業(yè)廢料（）。

irradiate輻射；contaminate污染；corrupt使腐敗，使墮落；fragment分裂，使成碎片。由題意可知這條河被工業(yè)廢料污染了，B選項(xiàng)“污染”符合句意。

8.單選題

Manycountrieshavenowsucceededin（

）themalarialmosquito.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.erasing

B.eradicating

C.abolishing

D.demolishing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。erase意為“清除，消除，擦掉”，多指清除債務(wù)，記憶等；eradicate意為“摧毀，完全根除”，強(qiáng)調(diào)徹底清楚；abolish意為“廢除，廢止”，一般指廢除有關(guān)習(xí)俗、制度、法律、制度等；demolish意為“摧毀，拆毀”，多指拆掉建筑物。

句意：許多國(guó)家現(xiàn)已成功根除瘧疾蚊子。

9.單選題

Mr.Whiteisovereighty,buthestill______hispositionaschairmanoftheboardandwillnotretire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.goesinfor

B.getsonwith

C.fallsbackon

D.holdsonto

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.goesinfor參加，追求B.getsonwith在……獲得成功，與……友好相處

C.fallsbackon求助于，回頭再說(shuō)D.holdsonto堅(jiān)持，抓住不放

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由空格后的hisposition（他的職位）可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有D項(xiàng)符合，表示“保留職位”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】懷特先生已經(jīng)八十多歲了，但他仍然保留著董事長(zhǎng)的職位，不會(huì)退休。

10.單選題

Theteacherwantedtomakethestudentsrealizethatreadinggoodliteratureisagoodwaytobroadentheir（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vision

B.horizon

C.scope

D.expansion

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。vision“幻覺(jué)”;horizon“眼界，地平線”;scope“范圍”;expansion“擴(kuò)充”。句意：這位老師想讓學(xué)生們意識(shí)到讀一些好的文學(xué)作品是開(kāi)闊視野的一個(gè)好的方法。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

InthecourseofmyreadingIhadcomeacrossacasewhere,manyyearsago,somehuntersonourGreatPlainsorganizedabuffalohuntfortheentertainmentofanEnglishearlandprovidesomefreshmeatforhisuse.Theyhadcharmingsport.Theykilledseventy-twoofthosegreatanimals;andatepartofoneofthemandlefttheseventy-onetorot.Inordertodeterminethedifferencebetweenananacondaandanearl,Ihadsevenlambsturnedintotheanaconda’scage.Thegratefulsnakeimmediatelycrushedoneofthemandswallowedit,thenlaybacksatisfied.Itshowednofurtherinterestinthelamb,andnoinclinationtoharmthem.Itriedthisexperimentwithotheranacondasisthattheearliscruelandtheanacondaisn’t;andtheearlwantonlydestroyedwhathehasnousefor,buttheanacondadoesn’t.Thisseemedtosuggestthattheanacondawasnotdescendedfromtheearl.Italsoseemedtosuggestthattheearlwasdescendedfromtheanacondaandhadlostagooddealinthetransition.

Iwasawarethatmanymenwhohaveaccumulatedmoremoneythantheycaneverusehaveshownahungerformore,andhavenothesitatedtocheattheignorantandthehelplessoutoftheirpoorsavingsinordertopartiallysatisfytheappetite.Ifurnishedahundreddifferentkindsofwildanddomesticanimalstheopportunitytoaccumulatevaststoresoffoodbutnoneofthemwoulddoit.Thesquirrelsandbeesandcertainbirdsmadeaccumulations,butstoppedwhentheygatheredawinter’ssupply,andcouldnotbepersuadedtoaddtoiteitherhonestlyorbetrickery.Theseexperimentsconvincedmethatthereisthisdifferencebetweenmanandthehigheranimals;heisgreedy,theyarenot.

Inthecourseofmyexperiments,Iconvincedmyselfthatamongtheanimalsmanistheonlyonethatharborsinsultsandinjuries,broodsoverthem,waitstillachanceoffers,thentakesrevenge.Thepassionofrevengeisunknowntothehigheranimals.

1.Bydescribingthebuffalohuntingandhisexperimentwiththeanaconda,theauthormainlywants

totellhisreadersthat（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,inhumansociety,therich（）.

3.Theauthor'sexperimentswithdifferentkindsofanimalsseemtoprovethat（）.

4.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorwritesina(n)（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theanacondaiseasilysatisfied

B.theearliscapableofcommittingwantoncruelty

C.theearl’sancestorturnedouttobetheanaconda

D.theanacondadoesnotharmotheranimalsexceptwhenitishungry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tendtoaccumulatevaststoresoffood

B.areinclinedtogathermoreriches

C.arereadytohelpthepoor

D.ismostlycheaters

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.manisthehighestanimal

B.manissuperiortoanimals

C.manisthelowestanimal

D.manisinferiortoanimalsincertainrespect

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.loveofrevengeisauniquecharacteristicofman

B.manistheonlyanimalcapableofthinking

C.humanbeingsarecapableofinsultingandinjuringeachother

D.manisbetterintakingchancesthananimals

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.serioustone

B.angrytone

C.ironictone

D.matter-of-facttone

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:通過(guò)描述狩獵水牛，以及他用蟒蛇做的實(shí)驗(yàn)，作者主要想告訴讀者什么？第一段指出:Theykilledseventy-twoofthosegreatanimals;andatepartofoneofthemandlefttheseventy-onetorot(他們殺了72頭牛，然后吃了一頭牛的一部分，將剩下的71頭牛丟下以腐爛)。接下來(lái)作者為了區(qū)分動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)，用蟒蛇做了實(shí)驗(yàn)。后面指出:Itriedthisexperimentwithotheranacondasisthattheearliscruelandtheanacondaisn’t(我用這個(gè)蟒蛇的實(shí)驗(yàn)是想表明，伯爵是殘忍的，蟒蛇不是)。因此B項(xiàng)“伯爵能做出荒唐的殘忍行為”正確。

2.判斷推理題。題干意為:作者認(rèn)為，在人類(lèi)社會(huì)中，富人如何？A:往往積累大量的食物。B:傾向于聚集更多的財(cái)富。C:準(zhǔn)備幫助窮人。D:大多數(shù)是騙子。第二段指出:Iwasawarethatmanymenwhohaveaccumulatedmoremoneythantheycaneverusehaveshownahungerformore,andhavenothesitatedtocheattheignorantandthehelplessoutoftheirpoorsavingsinordertopartiallysatisfytheappetite(我發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多已經(jīng)聚集大量財(cái)富的人會(huì)想要得到更多，并且毫不猶豫地欺騙無(wú)辜的人和無(wú)助的窮人，以滿足他們貪婪的欲望)。A項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及，C項(xiàng)與原文所述相反，B項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干意為:作者用不同的動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)，似乎想證明什么？第二段指出:...butstoppedwhentheygatheredawinter’ssupply,andcouldnotbepersuadedtoaddtoiteitherhonestlyorbetrickery.Theseexperimentsconvincedmethatthereisthisdifferencebetweenmanandthehigheranimals;heisgreedy,theyarenot…(當(dāng)滿足了冬天生存的食物供給吋，他們就會(huì)停止積累食物，并且，也不會(huì)因其他原因而增加。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我，人類(lèi)和高等動(dòng)物的區(qū)別，即人類(lèi)是貪婪的，而高等動(dòng)物不是)。

4.判斷推理題。題干意為:從最后一段，我們可得知:Inthecourseofmyexperiments,Iconvincedmyselfthatamongtheanimalsmanistheonlyonethatharborsinsultsandinjuries,broodsoverthem,waitstillachanceoffers,thentakesrevenge.Thepassionofrevengeisunknowntothehigheranimals(在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，我相信，在動(dòng)物中，人是唯一心懷侮辱的動(dòng)物，傷害他人并與他人計(jì)較，而且人類(lèi)會(huì)等待機(jī)會(huì)，采取報(bào)復(fù)。復(fù)仇的熱情是高等動(dòng)物未知的)。因此C項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)能互相侮辱和傷害”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意為:作者以何種態(tài)度寫(xiě)這篇文章？文章中作者認(rèn)為人類(lèi)是貪婪的，不滿足的。因此選C項(xiàng)“諷刺的”。

12.翻譯題

當(dāng)前，國(guó)際形勢(shì)正在發(fā)生深刻而復(fù)雜的變化。和平、發(fā)展、合作是當(dāng)今時(shí)代的主旋律。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的趨勢(shì)深入發(fā)展，科技進(jìn)步日新月異，區(qū)域合作方興未艾，各國(guó)相互依存不斷加深，這些都為世界各國(guó)帶來(lái)了難得的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。同時(shí)，全球發(fā)展不均衡，南北差距拉大，傳統(tǒng)安全威脅和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅相互交織，影響世界和平與發(fā)展的不穩(wěn)定不確定因素增多，廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨著嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。

中國(guó)是最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，非洲是發(fā)展中國(guó)家最集中的大陸，中國(guó)和非洲的人口占世界人口三分之一以上。沒(méi)有中國(guó)和非洲的和平與發(fā)展，就沒(méi)有世界的和平與發(fā)展。

【答案】【參考譯文】Atpresent,theinternationalsituationisundergoingprofoundandcomplexchanges.Peace,developmentandcooperationarethethemesofthepresentera.Thetrendofworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurther,theprogressinscienceandtechnologyischangingwitheachpassingday,theregionalcooperationismakingrobustprogress,andtheinterdependencebetweeneachnationgoesfurther.Allthesehavecreatedraredevelopmentopportunitiesfortheinternationalcommunity.Atthesametime,imbalanceinglobaldevelopment,wideninggapbetweenNorthandSouth,thecombinationoftraditionalandnon-traditionalsecuritythreatsaswellasincreasingfactorsofinstabilityanduncertaintystandinginthewayofpeaceanddevelopmentallposeadauntingchallengetodevelopingcountriesintheirpursuitofsustainabledevelopment.

Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld,andAfricaishometothelargestnumberofdevelopingcountriesintheworld.Ourcombinedpopulationaccountsforoverathirdoftheworldtotalpopulation.WithoutpeaceanddevelopmentinChinaandAfrica,therewillbenoglobalpeaceanddevelopment.

13.單選題

Thetragicimpactofthemodemcityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetic.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialstotheproductsofscienceandtechnologywashingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do.acardriver,andhasneverhaditsogood.

HeisreluctanttoWalk.Statisticsrevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort.Astherearenoadequateoff-streetparkingfacilities,thecitiesarelitteredwithkerb-parkedcarsandparkingmetersrearthemselveseverywhere.Congestionha9becomethepredominantfactorinhisenvironmentandstatisticssuggestthattwocarsperhouseholdsystemmaysoonmakemattersworse.

Inthemeantime,insultisaddedtoinjuryby“l(fā)andvalue’’..Thevalueoflandresultsfromitsuse:itsincomeisderivedfromtheserviceitprovides.Whenitsuseisintensified,itsincomeanditsvalueincrease.“Puttinglandtoitshighestandbestuse”becomestheprincipaleconomicstandardinurbangrown.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadtothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.

Partialdecentralization,orrather,pseudo-decentralizationintheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystemitdoesnotcureit.Heretheengineeringsolutionsarestronglyaffectedbythenecessityforcomplicatedintersectionswhichinrum,arefrustratedbytheextravagantcostofland.

Itiswithinourpowertobuildbettercitiesandrevivethecivicprideoftheircitizens,butweshallhavetostopoperatingonthefringeoftheproblem.Weshallhaveradicallytoreplanthemtoachievearationaldensityofpopulation.Weshallhavetoprovideinthemwhatcanbecalledminimum“psychologicalelbowroom.”O(jiān)neoftheingredientsofthiswillbepropertransportationplans.Thesewillhavetobeanintegralpartoftheoverallplanningprocesswhichinitselfisascientificprocesswherefactsareessential.Wemustcollect,inanorganizedmanner,allandcompleteinformationaboutthecityorthetown,ifwewanttoplaneffectively.

Theprincipalunitthisprocessis“IM”(oneman).Wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillorthepeople.Scientificmethodsofdatacollectionandanalysiswillindicatetrends,buttheywillnotdirectaction.Scientificmethodsareonlyaninstrument.The‘man-educated"man,thehumanwillhavetosetthetarget,andusingtheresultsobtainedbyscienceandhisownengineeringskill:takeuponhimselfthefinalshapingofhisenvironment.Hewillhavetousehishighmoralsenseofresponsibilitytothecommunityandtofuturegenerations.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes（

）.

2.Thehighly-developedtechnologyhasmademan（

）.

3.Thedrasticincreaseoflandvalueinthecity（

）.

4.Theexpansionofbigcitiestothedistantsuburbanareasmay（

）.

5.Theauthorsuggeststhattheremodelingofcitiesmust（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.weremoredesirousaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

D.enjoyedmorefreedomanddemocracy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.increasinglyindustrious

B.freefrominconvenience

C.excessivelydependentonexternalaids

D.abletosavehisphysicalstrength

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isthegoodresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.offersmoreopportunitiestolanddealers

C.isannoyinglyartificialandmeaningless

D.fortunatelyleadstothe“vertical”growthofcities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.solvetheproblemofcitycongestion

B.resultintheremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem

C.bringthesamecongestiontothesuburbanareas

D.needlessinvestmentonland

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.putprioritytothebenefitofthefuturegenerations

B.befocusedonpeopleratherthanoneconomy

C.beeconomicallyprofitabletolandowners

D.resorttoscientificmethods

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一句Thetragicimpactofthemodemcityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetic.現(xiàn)代城市對(duì)人類(lèi)產(chǎn)生的悲劇性影響己經(jīng)扼殺了人類(lèi)的審美意識(shí)。所以推斷他認(rèn)為古時(shí)候的人的審美意識(shí)更強(qiáng)一些。B選項(xiàng)’有更強(qiáng)的審美觀‘正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段的后半部分和第二段的前兩句中Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do.acardriver,andhasneverhaditsogood.Heisreluctanttowalk.Statisticsrevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort：此時(shí)此刻，人們陶醉于民主、富足、以車(chē)代步，這種感覺(jué)是以前所沒(méi)有的。人們不愿步行。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明，人們從停車(chē)地點(diǎn)到購(gòu)物商店，愿意步行的距離很短。推斷人類(lèi)在享受著科技成果帶來(lái)的種種方便的同時(shí)也變得更加懶惰了，人類(lèi)已經(jīng)變得更加依賴外來(lái)的幫助，即現(xiàn)代化機(jī)器的幫助。所以C選項(xiàng)‘過(guò)分依靠外部幫助‘正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第三段可知，土地價(jià)值的增長(zhǎng)一是人為的，二是對(duì)于解決城市擁擠的問(wèn)題無(wú)濟(jì)于事。所以C選項(xiàng)’是令人討厭的人為和無(wú)意義的‘符合題意。

4.根據(jù)第四段Partialdecentralization,orrather,pseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown：采取把大型的發(fā)展單位遷離傳統(tǒng)的中心城市的做法，是一種部分分散，或更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是一種準(zhǔn)分散。因?yàn)檫@種分散只會(huì)把中心城市的擁擠弊病帶給新興地區(qū)。確定C選項(xiàng)‘把同樣的擁擠弊病帶給新興地區(qū)‘正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容Wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.：我們一定不要忘記，城市是由人來(lái)建設(shè)的，城市的布局和外觀形象應(yīng)該受人民的意愿所支配。所以推斷作者認(rèn)為，城市是由人建造的，它們的構(gòu)成以及形式應(yīng)該取決于人的意志。這也就是說(shuō)，城市的重新設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)人的意志，所以B選項(xiàng)‘以人民的意愿為重點(diǎn)‘正確。

14.單選題

ThechangeingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredatthattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose（1）bymodelstakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability.

To（2）thequestionofattributionrequiresthe（3）ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethods,beyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocusedon（4）mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein（5）andinmodels.Patternanalysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalanalogymentioned（6）,andmakesitpossibletoachievemoredefinitive（7）ofobservedclimatechangedtoaparticularcauseorcauses.

TheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole（8）cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful（9）technique.Thebasicidea（10）pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent（11）causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto（12）afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange（13）bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.

Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible（14）onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveandincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are（15）thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric（16）ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.

Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe（17）ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe（18）ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodifythe（19）ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimateeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall（20）isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incensed

B.personify

C.interact

D.predicted

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.array

B.ascertain

C.probe

D.perturb

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.application

B.integration

C.avenge

D.intervene

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.conforming

B.comparing

C.biding

D.budgeting

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.junctions

B.junctures

C.obligations

D.observations

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.optionally

B.ornamentally

C.previously

D.predicatively

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.attribution

B.autonomy

C.indication

D.induction

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.immune

B.seasonal

C.formidable

D.perceptible

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.analysis

B.disposal

C.antigen

D.disincentive

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.avenging

B.underestimating

C.ascending

D.underlying

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.respectable

C.secretive

D.sturdy

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.weary

B.obtain

C.wink

D.retard

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.oriented

B.kenned

C.predicted

D.lapsed

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.modification

B.nomination

C.penetration

D.influence

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.paving

B.altering

C.retreating

D.saluting

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.stabilities

B.popularities

C.concentrations

D.hierarchies

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)/r