考研考博-英語-南華大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南華大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Inthegloriouslyhotsummerofnineteenfourteen,themurderofAustria-HungarianArchdukeinanobscurepartoftheBalkansprovidedthesparkwhichsetEuropeablaze.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indistinct

B.unfriendly

C.imprecise

D.unknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indistinct“模糊的，不清楚的”；B選項(xiàng)unfriendly“不友好的；不利的”；C選項(xiàng)imprecise“不精確的；不嚴(yán)密的”；D選項(xiàng)unknown“無名的；陌生的”。句意：在1914年那個(gè)炎熱的夏天，在巴爾干半島一個(gè)……的地方發(fā)生的奧匈帝國大公被殺事件點(diǎn)燃了歐洲的戰(zhàn)火。obscure是用來形容一個(gè)大塊區(qū)域的某個(gè)小地方。A，C選項(xiàng)一般用來形容事物，B選項(xiàng)一般用來形容人。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Packagesaresowidespreadthattheyslip________consciousnotice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.below

B.before

C.beneath

D.beyond

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.below在……下面B.before在……之前

C.beneath低于，次于D.beyond超過，超越

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】本句的主干部分是“包裝很普遍（Packagesarewidespread）”，sothat引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句，表示包裝如此普遍導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是什么。既然是很普遍、常見的包裝，那么人們就不會(huì)注意到它。beneathnotice是固定搭配，意為“不值得注意，無足輕重”，因此C選項(xiàng)beneath“低于，次于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)below“在……下面”指低于某事物的水平或地位，B選項(xiàng)before“在……之前”指處于某事物前面的位置，D選項(xiàng)beyond“超過，超越”指對某事物來說太遠(yuǎn)或太超前，均不能構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的固定搭配。

【句意】包裝是如此普遍，以至于它們不會(huì)被人們所注意。

3.單選題

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto（）thecolorofhisskin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…情況”；inthelightof“根據(jù)，按照，當(dāng)作”；byvirtueof“由于，憑借”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”。句意：這個(gè)國家的每個(gè)人，不論膚色，都有權(quán)利住在他想住的地方。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfastertheknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo-theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignorance....isapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.

Thisperspectiveonscience-thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers-shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyandinfact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles-andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia-thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.

1.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

2.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?

3.Theexpression"takeabackseat"inparagraph5probablymeans（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.

D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.takeabackplace.

B.haveadifferentrole.

C.beofgreaterpriority.

D.becomelessimportant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.

B.Scientists'enjoymentofignorance.

C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.

D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘以下哪一項(xiàng)在這篇文章中得到了最好的支持？’根據(jù)第三段中“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.科學(xué)知識(shí)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵成果是產(chǎn)生新的、更好的無知方式——不是那種與缺乏好奇心或教育相關(guān)的無知，而是一種有教養(yǎng)的、高質(zhì)量的無知?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)產(chǎn)生更好的無知”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干：為什么科學(xué)關(guān)注的是問題而不是答案？由題干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings”，作者認(rèn)為，人們更容易了解問題（questionsarealsomoreaccessible）。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘第5段中"takeabackseat”是什么意思？’根據(jù)文章“LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.最近，科學(xué)的這一面在公眾心目中……，我稱之為科學(xué)的累積觀點(diǎn)---對我們來說，這一堆事實(shí)太多而永遠(yuǎn)無法企盼征服?！币约案鶕?jù)文章最后一句話中“apubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventure一位公眾再次參與了這場偉大的冒險(xiǎn)”可知此處表示公眾對科學(xué)的對比態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)“變得不那么重要了”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干：作者在這篇文章中最關(guān)心的是什么？全文講的是科學(xué)與大眾的關(guān)系，文章最后總結(jié)道“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations”，作者關(guān)注的是讓大眾參與到科學(xué)中來。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

5.單選題

After（）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句。介詞after后面接的是賓語從句，而賓語從句中缺少主語，用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并做從句的主語。句意：在無盡的等待后，輪到她進(jìn)入人事部經(jīng)理的辦公室了。因此本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Hewasangrywithhimselfforhavingfallena（）tohiswife’sfoolishtalk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.target

B.obscure

C.sacrifice

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。fallasacrificeto表示“成為……的犧牲品”。句意：他生自己的氣，因?yàn)樗蔀樗拮佑薮涝挼臓奚贰＝Y(jié)合語境，故C為正確答案。

7.單選題

Theyuse___salestacticstodefeattheirmajorcompetitor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.immoral

B.immortal

C.unscrupulous

D.ambitious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)immoral“不道德的（生活作風(fēng)上的道德上的錯(cuò)誤）；邪惡的；淫蕩的”；B選項(xiàng)immortal“不朽的；神仙的；長生的”；C選項(xiàng)unscrupulous“肆無忌憚的；寡廉鮮恥的；不講道德的（不誠實(shí)或不公平）”；D選項(xiàng)ambitious“野心勃勃的；有雄心的；熱望的；炫耀的”。句意：他們使用___銷售策略來擊敗主要的競爭對手。本句表達(dá)“肆無忌憚的銷售策略”，指不誠信、不公平的銷售手段，和生活作風(fēng)無關(guān)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

ThisistheChinese______,translatedfromEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.publication

B.editor

C.printing

D.version

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)publication“發(fā)行，出版物”；B選項(xiàng)editor“（報(bào)刊、雜志的）主編”；C選項(xiàng)printing“（書籍的）一次印刷”；D選項(xiàng)version“（電影、劇本、樂曲等的）版本”。句意：這是英文翻譯過來的中文______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是這原來是英文的，被翻譯成了中文，D選項(xiàng)version“（電影、劇本、樂曲等的）版本”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Theheadlightsoftheapproachingcarwereso（）thatthecyclisthadtostopriding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gleaning

B.staring

C.gleaming

D.dazzling

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。gleaning"拾遺";staring"目不轉(zhuǎn)睛的,凝視的";gleaming"閃爍的,閃閃發(fā)光的";dazzling"耀眼的,光彩奪目的"。句意：那輛駛來的汽車的前燈太耀眼，以致于騎自行車的人不得不停下來。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

Despitethesuspect’s（）tobeinnocent,thereiscompellingevidencethathewasinvolved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assertion

B.conviction

C.speculation

D.accusation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assertion“斷言；主張；認(rèn)定”；B選項(xiàng)conviction“定罪；確信；堅(jiān)定的信仰”；C選項(xiàng)speculation“投機(jī)；推測；思索”；D選項(xiàng)accusation“控告；譴責(zé)”。句意：盡管嫌疑犯（）自己無辜，但他參與了此事證據(jù)確鑿。根據(jù)語境，嫌疑犯assertion“斷言；主張；認(rèn)定”自己無辜比較合理。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew￡3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.

【答案】能源部長查爾斯?亨得利上周宣布，將钚轉(zhuǎn)化為MOX（混合氧化物燃料）仍然在計(jì)劃中，但是只有在能負(fù)擔(dān)得起和有收益的情況下，才會(huì)建造一項(xiàng)新的30億英磅（47億美元）的工廠。盡管乍一看，這在財(cái)政上似乎是謹(jǐn)慎的，但與最近發(fā)生的其他事件相結(jié)合，就開始顯得荒謬了。就在幾周前，NDA（核退役管理局）回應(yīng)了政府自己提出的考慮如何處理庫存的請求，建議制造MOX的成本大于其作為燃料的價(jià)值。因此，最經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的計(jì)劃將是繼續(xù)儲(chǔ)存钚，直到有地質(zhì)處理設(shè)施可以將其埋在地下為止。那么到底發(fā)生了什么？為了弄清這一切，《自然》透過英國核工業(yè)的鏡子審視了這一切。

12.單選題

You’vedonemoreoftheworkthanIhaverecentlysoI’llgiveupmydayoffin（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.offset

B.redress

C.herald

D.compensate

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。offset“抵消；補(bǔ)償”；redress“救濟(jì)；賠償；糾正”；herald“使者；先驅(qū)”；compensate“補(bǔ)償；賠償”（只有動(dòng)詞形式），此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)名詞與介詞in搭配表示“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”的意思，所以可以排除選項(xiàng)C和D，redress一般不這樣搭配，inoffset是慣用搭配，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

13.單選題

EveryCommunityrequiresawholesomedependablesupplyofwater,andeverycommunitygeneratesliquidandsolidwastes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerable

B.healthful

C.immediate

D.safe

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.considerable相當(dāng)多（或大、重要等）的B.healthful有益健康的

C.immediate立即的D.safe安全的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“每個(gè)社區(qū)都需要____可靠的水供應(yīng)”，原詞wholesome“有益健康的”，B選項(xiàng)healthful“有益健康的”最符合原句語義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)considerable“相當(dāng)多（或大、重要等）的”，不符合原句語義；

C選項(xiàng)immediate“立即的”，不符合原句語義；

D選項(xiàng)safe“安全的”，指不危害健康的，沒有B選項(xiàng)符合原文。

【句意】每個(gè)社區(qū)都需要健康可靠的水供應(yīng)，每個(gè)社區(qū)都產(chǎn)生液體廢物和固體廢物。

14.單選題

Thousandsofanti-capitalistprotesterstook（）thestreetsinscoresofcitiesaroundtheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.into

C.to

D.off

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)takein“吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)，欺騙，接待，接受，理解，拘留，欺騙，讓……進(jìn)入，改短”；B選項(xiàng)takeinto“考慮到，說服”；C選項(xiàng)taketo“喜歡，走向，開始從事”；D選項(xiàng)takeoff“起飛，脫下，離開，突然成功”。句意：成千上萬的反資本主義抗議者在世界各地的城市街頭上走著。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheirtwo-year-oldwastoldthatsincethechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothefamily,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.Incontrast,lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree-year-oldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamagesandwonanawardof$750,000.

ThetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxtaposingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofVivianaZelizer’sexcellentbook,PricingthePricelessChild.Duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconceptofthe“useful”childwhocontributedtothefamilyeconomygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotionofthe“useless”childwho,thoughproducingnoincomefor,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyetconsideredemotionally“priceless”.Wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythemid-1800’s.Thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthroughoutsocietyinthelate-nineteenthandearly-twentiethcenturiesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulationsandcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartontheassumptionthatachild’semotionalvaluemadechildlabortaboo.

ForZelizertheoriginsofthistransformationweremanyandcomplex.Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.Yet“expulsionofchildrenfromthe‘cashnexus’,althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesintheeconomic,occupational,andfamilystructures,”Zelizermaintains,“wasalsopartofaculturalprocessof‘sacralization’ofchildren’slives.”Protectingchildrenfromthecrassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantforlate-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,shesuggests；thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhattheyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhumanvaluesbythemarketplace.

Instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild’sworth,Zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew“sociologicaleconomics”，whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.Allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforcesintheformofindividual“preferences”，thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.Zelizerishighlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinsteadtheoppositephenomenon:thepowerofsocialvaluestotransformprice.Aschildrenbecamemorevaluableinemotionalterms,sheargues,theirexchange”or“surrender”valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionoftheirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuchgreater.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

5.Zelizerreferstoallofthefollowingasimportantinfluencesinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworthexceptchangesin（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath

B.wealthofthepartycausingthedeath

C.degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath

D.amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection

B.requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking

C.wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily

D.wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingoftheirchildren.

B.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly.

C.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual.

D.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.reviewtheliteratureinanewacademicsubfield

B.presentthecentralthesisofarecentbook

C.contrasttwoapproachestoanalyzehistoricalchange

D.refuteatraditionalexplanationofasocialphenomenon

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.themortalityrate

B.thenatureofindustry

C.thenatureofthefamily

D.attitudestowardreformmovements

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一句提到1986年一位兩歲的小孩意外去世，其父母沒有得到賠償，因?yàn)樾『]有給家里帶來收入。所以可以推斷，19世紀(jì)意外死亡的賠償是根據(jù)人能否創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值來決定的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:題干中的1800’s與第一段的1896對應(yīng)，所以19世紀(jì)早期注重的是孩子的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:文章最后一段提到所謂的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為人的一切社會(huì)活動(dòng)都是把金錢放在最重要的地位。（thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain），選項(xiàng)B符合這一原則。

第4題:文章沒有提到“anewacademicsubfield”，選項(xiàng)A排除；文章沒有通過對比來分析歷史，選項(xiàng)C排除；作者并沒有表明對社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的傳統(tǒng)解釋的態(tài)度，選項(xiàng)D排除。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意，文章主要在講述VivianaZelizer的PricingthePricelessChild這本書。

第5題:第三段第二句話Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.提到影響兒童價(jià)值的因素包括：成熟的工業(yè)體系導(dǎo)致童工的比重下降，出生率、死亡率尤其是兒童的死亡率下降，家庭成員間的關(guān)系。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)沒有提及，所以D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyinto

thesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.floating

B.raising

C.heaving

D.ascending

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。float“漂浮，浮動(dòng)”；raise“提升，增加”；heave“舉起”；ascend“攀登，上升”。句意：看到數(shù)百只彩色的氣球緩緩升入天空，孩子們歡呼起來。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or-independentlyofanycourse-simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofIhevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn'ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,‘scientificsubculture’means（）.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause（）.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

5.Thispassagemostprobablyis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturalgroupsthatarcformedbyscientists.

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.

C.thescientificcommunity.

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.

B.Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.

C.Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.

D.Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishisasexistlanguage.

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.abookreview,

B.theprefaceofabook.

C.thepostscriptofabook.

D.theconcludingpartofabook.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“scientificsubculture”可定位到第三段的內(nèi)容“我們試圖在這本書中呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確和最新的有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)和居住在其中的人們的圖片。近年來，這一群體中的女性越來越多。女性在科學(xué)亞文化中的這種日益增加的作用不是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的事件……”由此可以看出，科學(xué)亞文化就是科學(xué)社區(qū)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.由于它幾乎涉及我們生活的方方面面，受過教育的人至少需要對它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作有所了解?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;……這本書是為那些對科學(xué)了解不多的聰明學(xué)生或非專業(yè)人士而寫的?！边x項(xiàng)A是對原文的同義表達(dá)，所以正確。

4.判斷推理題。選項(xiàng)A“英語是一門具有性別歧視的語言”不正確，性別歧視的語言指的是用男性名詞或代詞來指代未指明的個(gè)體，并不是英語這一門語言；選項(xiàng)B“只有在科學(xué)界，女性的作用在迅速增加”表達(dá)過于絕對；選項(xiàng)C“女性為消除我們語言的不足做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)”不正確，原文說的是越來越多的女性進(jìn)入了傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，并不是消除語言的不足；選項(xiàng)D“男性名詞或代詞不能用來指科學(xué)家”符合原文，應(yīng)該盡可能使用復(fù)數(shù)名詞和代詞，必要時(shí)，他和她交替使用。所以本題選D。

5.判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)abookreview“書評”；B選項(xiàng)theprefaceofabook“前言，序言”；C選項(xiàng)thepostscriptofabook“附錄，后記”；D選項(xiàng)theconcludingpartofabook“結(jié)尾語”。原文提及這本書是為那些對科學(xué)了解不多的聰明學(xué)生或非專業(yè)人士而寫，試圖呈現(xiàn)的是一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確和最新的有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)以及居住在其中的人們的圖片，并且努力使這本書既具有知識(shí)性又具有娛樂性，這些都是在對這本書的性質(zhì)和內(nèi)容進(jìn)行大致的講解，一般放在書的前言部分，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

18.單選題

Peoplearefascinatedtoseethatthemagicianmadeabigandtalldeer（）inaflash.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fade

B.shout

C.yield

D.vanish

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fade“消失”，側(cè)重逐漸消失。例句：Somesaidthat,oncethisnoveltyhadwornoff,cinemawouldfadeaway.（有人說，一旦這種新鮮感消失，電影院就會(huì)消失。）；B選項(xiàng)shout“呼喊；大聲說”；C選項(xiàng)yield“屈服，放棄”；D選項(xiàng)vanish“使不見，使消失”，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛絲馬跡。例句：Hevanishedwithouttrace.（他消失得無影無蹤。）。句意：看到魔術(shù)師使一只又大又高的鹿瞬間消失，人們都被迷住了。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

Over350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheir（

）language.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.native

B.mother

C.female

D.national

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。nativelanguage意為“本地語言”；motherlanguage意為“母語”，符合句意。C選項(xiàng)female“女性的”；D選項(xiàng)national“國家的”均不符合句意。

20.單選題

Historyhasdemonstratedthatcountrieswithdifferentsocialsystemsandideologiescanjoinhandsinmeetingthecommonchallengestohumanand（

）development.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolution

B.survival

C.rivalry

D.dignity

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。Evolution“進(jìn)化”;survival“生存”;rivalry“競爭”;dignity“尊嚴(yán)，高尚”。句意：歷史證明：在面臨人類生存與發(fā)展時(shí)，不同社會(huì)體系和意識(shí)形態(tài)的國家都可以并肩作戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

Thereareonlytenapplesleft