考研考博-英語-上海視覺藝術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海視覺藝術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

ThreedaysagoIreceivedane-mailfromtheconferenceorganizersapologizingthelast-minutechangesintheschedule;theysoundedgenuinelyembarrassedatthedisorderin

theirplanning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apologizingthe

B.last-minute

C.changesin

D.sounded

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。Apologizing后加for。Apologize是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面接賓語時(shí)要加介詞for。

2.單選題

TheUnitedNationswassupposedto（）theroleofglobalpeace-keeper.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contend

B.nurture

C.carve

D.undertake

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contend“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；B選項(xiàng)nurture“養(yǎng)育”；C選項(xiàng)carve“雕刻”；D選項(xiàng)undertake“承擔(dān)”。句意：聯(lián)合國(guó)應(yīng)該承擔(dān)全球維護(hù)和平的角色。本句表示承擔(dān)維護(hù)和平的角色。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches.Anditismostdifficulttodispensewiththisfirstreaction.Thereasonsarethatthenations,includingsomeofthesmallerones,arealreadydownstreamtoofar.ThelargerstoresofweaponsforCBwarfaremayberestrictedtothemajorpowers,butthereislittledoubtthatanincreasingcapabilityisproliferatingtosomeofthesmalleranddevelopingcountries.Whatusedtobelargelyapictureofresearchhasturnedtodevelopment,anddevelopmenthasturnedtomanufacturingandstockpiling.Thesubjectisshroudedinsecrecyanditisthesecrecywhichseemstoprovideanonstopmomentumtorealizethefullpotentialofthesetypesofweapons.Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation.ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s“l(fā)argeandexpensiveprograms”.Knowledgeandcapabilityrequiredfordetectionanddefensearetiedtoknowledgeandcapabilityforretaliation.The“nofirstuse”policyoftheUnitedStatesandothermajornationsimpliesthatthisretaliationbeinkind,andthisrequiresthatweaponsoftheCBclassbeavailable.

Aphilosophyofmutualdeterrence(制約)isdevelopinginCBwarfarecomparabletothatinnuclearwarfare.Infact,muchoftheliteratureonthesubjectrepeatsthatthestalemateinthelatteropensuptheneedforcapabilityintheformer.Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems,henceamovementtoCBweapons(especiallychemical)amongsomesmallernations.Sofarasthemajorpowersareconcerned,theelementsinCBWwhichareincommonwiththenucleararmsraceincludethenow-acceptedapproachtothatrace.ThusindiscussingcontrolofCBwarfare,aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:“Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocsmaynotbetoeverybody’staste,butitisprobablystillthebestwayofavoidingWar.”

1.Itcanbeinferredthatthecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenasacauseforthecontinueddevelopmentofCBweapons?

3.ThewriterintheBritishjournalmightfeelthattheresearchanddevelopmentofCBsystemsshouldbe（）.

4.ThejustificationfortheUnitedStates’participationinCBwarfareprogramsismainlyduetothe（）.

5.Themainpurposeofthisarticleisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfare

B.maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirable

C.isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussia

D.shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved.

B.TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack.

C.OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem.

D.Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.encouragedandexpanded

B.conductedonlybythemajorpowers

C.immediatelyhalted

D.maintainedasitisnow

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.needforundetectableweaponry

B.costlinessofthenuclearprograms

C.Russia’shavingsuchaprogram

D.abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprograms

B.explainthecostofCBwarfare

C.discussalternativestoCBwarfare

D.makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由thecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare定位到文章第一段“Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches…”，即人們對(duì)控制化學(xué)和生物武器的可行辦法問題的第一反應(yīng)是覺得根本沒有這種辦法，并且研究生化武器的能力正擴(kuò)散到一些較小和發(fā)展中的國(guó)家。這說明控制生化武器也許是不可能的，或者說不能令人滿意。A選項(xiàng)“islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfare”意為“比控制其他戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)系統(tǒng)成本更低”，原文雖將生化武器和洲際導(dǎo)彈的成本進(jìn)行對(duì)比，但這不是控制生化武器的原因，反而是一些小國(guó)開始使用生化武器的原因；B選項(xiàng)“maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirable”意為“也許不可能或不一定是令人滿意的”，與原文相符；C選項(xiàng)“isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussia”意為“都掌握在美國(guó)和俄羅斯手中”，與原文不符，研究生化武器的能力也逐漸被一些小國(guó)掌握；D選項(xiàng)“shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance”意為“應(yīng)該成為頭等大事”原文沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需逐個(gè)分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved”，意為“國(guó)家之間的敵對(duì)狀態(tài)”，原文“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美俄兩國(guó)將開發(fā)生化武器歸結(jié)于對(duì)方也有這些生化武器，即出于敵對(duì)目的；B選項(xiàng)“TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack”意為“探測(cè)到生化武器攻擊的需要”，原文并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem”意為“其他武器項(xiàng)目比生化武器系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)成本更高”，原文“Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems”生化武器的成本不如洲際導(dǎo)彈的成本高，所以國(guó)家會(huì)選擇研究生化武器；D選項(xiàng)“Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing”意為“所涉及的國(guó)家不知道其他國(guó)家在做什么”，原文“Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation”沒有人真正知道別人在軍事形勢(shì)下準(zhǔn)備好了什么，所以自己也要研究生化武器來確保安全。由此可推測(cè)出，正是由于各國(guó)秘密研究生化武器，為別國(guó)研究生化武器提供了動(dòng)力。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由theBritishjournal定位到文章第二段最后一句“aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:‘Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocs…’”，社論總結(jié)到“大國(guó)集團(tuán)之間的恐怖平衡可能不符合每個(gè)人的口味，但它可能仍然是避免戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最佳方式”。由此可知，生化武器系統(tǒng)基本被主要的大國(guó)勢(shì)力控制了。A選項(xiàng)“encouragedandexpanded”意為“鼓勵(lì)和擴(kuò)大”，社論并沒有鼓舞生化武器的擴(kuò)大；B選項(xiàng)“conductedonlybythemajorpowers”意為“僅由主要大國(guó)控制”，符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“immediatelyhalted”意為“立即停止”，原文沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“maintainedasitisnow”意為“維持現(xiàn)狀”，原文“maynotbetoeverybody’staste”可能不符合每個(gè)人的口味，說明現(xiàn)狀不能令每個(gè)人滿意，所以不應(yīng)維持現(xiàn)狀。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由theUnitedStates定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第三句“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美國(guó)和俄羅斯的大型和昂貴的項(xiàng)目被歸因于彼此的大型和昂貴的項(xiàng)目。由此可推測(cè)，美國(guó)研究生化武器是因?yàn)槎砹_斯也有研究。A選項(xiàng)“needforundetectableweaponry”意為“需要不可探測(cè)的武器”，原文未提及不可探測(cè)的武器；B選項(xiàng)“costlinessofthenuclearprograms”意為“核項(xiàng)目的昂貴”，原文未提及核武器的成本；C選項(xiàng)“Russia’shavingsuchaprogram”意為“俄羅斯有這樣一個(gè)計(jì)劃”，與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem”意為“現(xiàn)代研究發(fā)展它們的能力”，原文并未提及現(xiàn)代研究能力。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需逐個(gè)分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprograms”意為“對(duì)停止生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)方面表現(xiàn)出漠不關(guān)心”，與原文不符，全文第一段就已提出控制生化武器的話題；B選項(xiàng)“explainthecostofCBwarfare”意為“解釋生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的成本”，這只是原文第二段的一部分內(nèi)容，并不是原文的主旨大意；C選項(xiàng)“discussalternativestoCBwarfare”意為“討論生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的替代方案”，原文第一段提出控制生化武器的話題，然后最后一句話總結(jié)到避免生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的方法就是大國(guó)保持相對(duì)平衡，所以本文就是在討論生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的替代方案；D選項(xiàng)“makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare”意為“使讀者意識(shí)到生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的危險(xiǎn)”，原文并未舉例說明或是提及生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的危險(xiǎn)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

______，theshortisinsomewaysnotreallynew.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Likemanyanothernewthings

B.Likemuchothernewthings

C.Likemanyothernewthings

D.Likemanyanothernewthing

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識(shí)。another“又一，另一個(gè)”，一般用來修飾或代指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，因此排除A和D選項(xiàng)；much不能用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，排除B選項(xiàng)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Whethertheextensionofconsciousnessisa“goodthing”forhumanbeingisaquestionthat（）awidesolution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.admitsof

B.requiresof

C.needsof

D.seeksfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。admitof“容許，有……的可能”；requireof“需要，要求得到”；needof“需要”；seekfor“尋找；探索”。句意：意識(shí)的擴(kuò)展對(duì)人類來說是否是一件“好事”，這一個(gè)問題……一個(gè)廣泛的答案?！靶枰?qū)で髲V泛的答案”都不符合語義；所以選擇admitof，表示“是一個(gè)可能有廣泛答案的問題”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Heseems（）anypersuasionforheneverchangeshismindoncehemadeadecision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.responsiveto

B.immuneto

C.obedientto

D.consistentwith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他似乎不為任何勸告所動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗坏┫露Q心就從來不改變主意。

考查形容詞辨析。beresponsiveto對(duì)…敏感，對(duì)…有應(yīng)答；beimmuneto對(duì)…免疫，不受…感染/影響；beobedientto服從…；beconsistentwith與…致。根據(jù)后文中的forheneverchangeshismindoncehemadeadecision(因?yàn)樗坏┫露Q心就從來不改變主意)可知，前文應(yīng)該是對(duì)任何的勸告(anypersuasion)都無動(dòng)于衷，故選B。

7.單選題

Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.Thebodyneedsthemforlifeandhealth.Sonaturally,manypeopleareconcernedwiththequestion:AmIgettingenoughvitamins,andamIgettingtherightkind?

Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,theworrypeoplehaveaboutvitaminshassomebasis.Andthishassomethingtodowiththeirdiet—thefoodtheytakein.Apersoneatingagoodvarietyoffoodsgetsallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded(withthepossibleexceptionofvitamind).

Theproblemisthattherearemanypeoplewhodon'tchoosefoodswisely,don'tgetenoughvariety,anddon'teatthebasicfoodstheyneedtogettheirvitamins.Sotheanswertothisquestionis..Noextravitaminsareneeded,providingyoueatproperfoods.Infact,manyofthevitaminscannotbestoredinthebody,sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.Itisevenharmfultoputtoomuchofcertainvitaminsintothebody.ThishasbeenfoundtobetrueofvitaminAandD,whenlargeamountsaretakenin.

Whatfoodssupplywhatvitamins?Hereisaquickgeneralidea.VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.VitaminB2isfoundinmilk,eggs,greenvegetablesandmeats.VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.Theseareonlyafewofthemostimportantvitaminsthebodyneeds.

1.VitaminAisneededby______andcanbefoundin______.

2.VitaminChelps______whilevitaminB1isveryimportantto______.

3.Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundin______.

4.Thebodyneeds______forlifeandhealth.

5.Ifyoutakeinmorevitaminsthanyouactuallyneed,______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bones/pork

B.nervoussystem/milk

C.eyes/greenvegetables

D.teeth/meats

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.teeth/digestivesystem

B.skin/bones

C.bones/liver

D.eyes/meats

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.body

B.food

C.pork

D.digestivesystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.extravitamins

B.agoodvarietyofvitamins

C.largeamountsofcertainvitamins

D.smallamountsofeachvitamin

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyareharmfultoyourbody

B.yougetallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded

C.theyhelpourbodiesmoreproperly

D.yourbodysimplygetsridofthem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.”，可知維他命A有利于眼睛、皮膚、牙齒和骨骼健康，存在于蔬菜水果、肝臟和黃油中。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.”，可知維C對(duì)骨骼和牙齒有好處，存在于西紅柿、蔬菜和水果中。排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.”維生素B1有利于神經(jīng)和消化系統(tǒng)，所以排除D選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.”?？芍S他命是一組存在于食物中的物質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,”，可知人體只需要少量的維生素。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.”，可知當(dāng)多余的維生素被攝入時(shí)，人體會(huì)排除它們。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Sheputanextrablanketoverthebabyforfearthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hecatchescold

B.heshouldcatchcold

C.hecaughtcold

D.becatchingcold

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Forfearthat后面要用虛擬語氣，表示“唯恐”，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Severedroughtinthe1970sand80’s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices,wasdenudingvastswathsofland.Thedesertseemeddeterminedtoswalloweverything.SoMr.DanjimoandotherfarmersinGuidanBakoye，theSahel,asemiaridbeltthatspansAfricajustbelowtheSaharatookasmallbutradicalstep.Nolongerwouldtheyclearthesaplingsfromtheirfieldsbeforeplanting,astheyhadforgenerations.Insteadtheywouldprotectandnurturethem,carefullyplowingaroundthemwhensowingmillet,sorghum,peanutsandbeans.

Today,thesuccessingrowingnewtreessuggeststhattheharmtomuchoftheSahelmaynothavebeenpermanent,butatemporarylossoffertility.Theevidence,scientistssay,demonstrateshowrelativelysmallchangesinhumanbehaviorcantransformtheregionalecology,restoringitsbiodiversityandproductivity.

InNiger’scase,farmersbeganprotectingtreesjustasrainfalllevelsbegantoriseagainafterthedroughtsinthe1970sand80’s.

Anotherchangewasthewaytreeswereregardedbylaw.Fromcolonialtimes,alltreesinNigerhadbeenregardedasthepropertyofthestate,whichgavefarmerslittleincentivetoprotectthem.Treeswerechoppedforfirewoodorconstructionwithoutregardtotheenvironmentalcosts.Governmentforestersweresupposedtomakesurethetreeswereproperlymanaged,buttherewerenotenoughofthemtopoliceacountrynearlytwicethesizeofTexas.

Butovertime,farmersbegantoregardthetreesintheirfieldsastheirproperty,andinrecentyearsthegovernmenthasrecognizedthebenefitsofthatoutlookbyallowingindividualstoowntrees.Farmersmakemoneyfromthetreesbysellingbranches,pods,fruitandbark.Becausethosesalesaremorelucrativeovertimethansimplychoppingdownthetreeforfirewood,thefarmerspreservethem.

Thegreeningbeganinthemid-1980s,Dr.Reijsaid,“andeverytimewewentbacktoNiger,thescaleincreased.”

“Thedensityissospectacular.”hesaid.

MahamaneLarwanou,aforestryexpertattheUniversityofNiameyinNiger’scapital,saidtheregrowthoftreeshadtransformedrurallifeinNiger.

“Thebenefitsaresomanyitisreallyastonishing,”Dr.Larwanousaid.“Thefarmerscansellthebranchesformoney.Theycanfeedthepodsasfoddertotheiranimals.Theycanselloreattheleaves.Theycansellandeatthefruits.Treesaresovaluabletofarmers,sotheyprotectthem.”

Theyalsohaveextraordinaryecologicalbenefits.Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland.Therootsalsohelpholdwaterintheground,ratherthanlettingitrunoffacrossrocky,barrenfieldsintogullieswhereitfloodsvillagesanddestroyscrops.

Onetreeinparticular,theFaidherbiaalbida,knownlocallyasthegaotree,isparticularlyessential.Itisanitrogen-fixingtree,whichhelpsfertilizethesoil.

Itsleavesfalloffduringtherainyseason,whichmeansitdoesnotcompetewithcropsforwater,sunornutrientsduringthegrowingperiod.Theleavesthemselvesbecomeorganicfertilizerwhentheyfall.

47.Theword“arable”inthethirdparagraphfromthebottomcanbesubstitutedby（）.

48.Thedenudingofvastswathsoflandwasnotcausedby（）.

49.Asmallchangeinhumanbehaviorcan（）.

50.Todaythelawhaschangedto（）.

51.Thebenefitsoftreestofarmersdoesnotinclude（）.

52.（）isnotanecologicalbenefitofthetreesinruralNiger.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.landincapableofgrowingcrops

B.landcapableofgrowingcrops

C.landwhichisbeneficialtovegetation

D.landwhichdoesharmtovegetation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.severedroughtinthe1970’sand80’s

B.populationexplosion

C.destructivefarmslivestockpractices

D.civilwaramongthepeople

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.transformtheregionalecology

B.restorebiodiversity

C.restoreproductivity

D.alltheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.regardtreesaspropertyoftheState

B.makesuretreesareproperlymanaged

C.imposestiffpenaltiesonpeoplewhocuttreesforfirewood

D.allowindividualstoowntrees

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sellingbranchesformoney

B.feedingpodsasfoddertotheiranimals

C.sellingandeatingleavesandfruits

D.treesdepletingsoilofneededwater

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ThatRootsfixthesoilinplaceandsomearenitrogenfixing

B.Preventingsoilfrombeingcarriedoffbyfiercewinds

C.Preservingarableland

D.Takingnutrientsfromcropsduringthegrowingperiod

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland.（樹的根可以防止水土流失，阻止土壤被.薩赫勒地區(qū)的狂風(fēng)刮走以及保護(hù)耕地。）“arable”在這句的意思是“可耕種的”，可以推斷出選項(xiàng)B“能種莊稼的土地”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不能種植莊稼的土地”，正好與文章內(nèi)容相反，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“有利于植被生長(zhǎng)的土地”，文章沒有提到植被生長(zhǎng)土地，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)植物有害的土地”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到第一段第一句Severedroughtinthe1970sand80s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices,wasdenudingvastswathsofland.（20世紀(jì)70年代和80年代的嚴(yán)重干旱，加上人口爆炸和破壞性的農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)，正在侵蝕大片土地）這句話提到了大面積的土地被剝奪的原因是Severedroughtinthe1970sand80’s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices。D“人民之間的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“七十年代和八十年代的嚴(yán)重干旱”，符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)排除。B選項(xiàng)“人口爆炸”，文章提到，人口爆炸，B選項(xiàng)符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)場(chǎng)和家畜的破壞性行為”，符合文章內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

49.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句howrelativelysmallchangesinhumanbehaviorcantransformtheregionalecology,restoringitsbiodiversityandproductivity（人類行為中相對(duì)較小的變化如何改變區(qū)域生態(tài)，恢復(fù)其生物多樣性和生產(chǎn)力）。A選項(xiàng)“改造區(qū)域生態(tài)”、B選項(xiàng)“恢復(fù)生物多樣性”、C選項(xiàng)“恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)力”，A、B、C選項(xiàng)都符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)“以上全對(duì)”正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句inrecentyearsthegovernmenthasrecognizedthebenefitsofthatoutlookbyallowingindividualstoowntrees.（近年來，政府已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到這種前景的好處，允許個(gè)人擁有樹木），可知，政府允許個(gè)人擁有樹木，故選項(xiàng)D“允許個(gè)人擁有樹木”為答案選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“把樹木視為國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“確保樹木得到妥善管理”，沒有提到政府確保樹木得到妥善管理。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)砍伐樹木作為柴火的人處以嚴(yán)厲的懲罰”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第四段第二句Thefarmerscansellthebranchesformoney.Theycanfeedthepodsasfoddertotheiranimals.Theycanselloreattheleaves.Theycansellandeatthefruits.（農(nóng)民們可以賣樹枝來賺錢。他們可以把豆莢當(dāng)作飼料喂動(dòng)物。他們可以賣或吃樹葉。他們可以賣水果，吃水果）。D選項(xiàng)“樹木耗盡土壤所需的水分”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。A選項(xiàng)“賣樹枝賺錢”，文章提到農(nóng)民可以依靠賣樹枝來掙錢，A選項(xiàng)排除。B選項(xiàng)“用豆莢喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物”，文章提到把豆莢作為飼料喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“賣和吃樹葉和水果”，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一、二句Theyalsohaveextraordinaryecologicalbenefits.Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland（它們的根固定住土壤，防止它被兇猛的薩赫勒風(fēng)帶走，保護(hù)可耕種的土地），D選項(xiàng)“在作物生長(zhǎng)期間從作物中獲取營(yíng)養(yǎng)”，文章沒有提到會(huì)從作物中獲取營(yíng)養(yǎng)，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“這些根可以固定土壤，有些還可以固定氮”，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“防止土壤被狂風(fēng)吹走”，文章提到它被兇猛的薩赫勒風(fēng)帶走，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)耕地”，文章提到保護(hù)可耕種的土地，C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theaccuracyofscientificobservationsandcalculationsisalwaysatthemercyofthescientist'stimekeepingmethods.Forthisreasonscientistsareinterestedindevicesthatgivepromiseofmoreprecisetimekeeping.

Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir“ticking”.Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor“ticks”24billiontimesasecond.

Onesuchatomicclockissoaccuratethatitwillprobablylosenomorethanasecondin3000years.Itwillbeofgreatimportanceinfieldssuchasastronomicalobservationandlong-rangenavigation.TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthat-vibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.

AnatomicclockthatoperateswithanammoniamoleculemaybeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedonEinstein’srelativitytheories,accordingtowhichaclockinmotionandaclockatrestshouldkeeptimedifferently.Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.Whateverdifferencesdevelopedwouldbecheckedagainstthedifferencespredicted.

1.Scientistsexpectthattheatomicclockwillbe（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Theword“vibration”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absolutelyaccurate

B.moreprecise.

C.heat-resistant

D.differentinvibration

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Temperaturechangesaffectthevibrationrateofammoniamolecules.

B.Therateofvibrationofanatomdoesnotvary.

C.Einstein’srelativitytheoriesarebasedonthevibrationofatoms.

D.Temperaturechangesmayaffectthespeedatwhichatomstravel.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.precisetimekeepingisnotpossibleatall

B.scientistsexpecttodisproveEinstein'srelativitytheories

C.atomicclockswillbeimportantinspaceflight

D.clockinmotionandadockatrestkeeptimedifferently.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.pulse

B.precision

C.movement

D.accuracy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peacetimeuseoftheatoms

B.Atomsandmolecules

C.Thesatellitetimekeepers

D.Theroleoftheclockintheastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir‘ticking’.”，中文翻譯為：在追求精確性過程中，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向于原子鐘，它依賴于各種振動(dòng)的原子或分子，以提供它們的“滴答聲”。綜合可知，B選項(xiàng)符合題意，科學(xué)家們希望原子鐘更加準(zhǔn)確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段中“TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthatvibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.”，中文翻譯為：這個(gè)原子鐘的中心是一個(gè)銫原子，當(dāng)加熱到沸水的溫度時(shí)，它每秒振動(dòng)92億次。因此，A項(xiàng)“溫度變化影響氨分子的振動(dòng)速率”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章尾段“Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.”，中文翻譯為：在以每小時(shí)18000英里的速度運(yùn)行的軌道衛(wèi)星中，時(shí)鐘可以將其時(shí)間讀數(shù)廣播到地面站，并在地面站與類似模型上的讀數(shù)進(jìn)行比較?？梢酝茰y(cè)出C選項(xiàng)“原子鐘在太空飛行中將起重要作用”。

4.詞義猜測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“vibration”可以定位到文中“Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.”，中文翻譯為：這是可能的，因?yàn)槊糠N原子或分子都有其特有的……速率。以及“Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor‘ticks’24billiontimesasecond.”，中文翻譯為：例如，氨中的氮原子每秒……或“滴答”240億次?？梢缘弥狝選項(xiàng)“振動(dòng)”正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文中主要介紹原子鐘的計(jì)時(shí)精確度、特性和相關(guān)原理，以及它在天文領(lǐng)域的一些應(yīng)用。推測(cè)出A選項(xiàng)“和平時(shí)期原子的使用”正確。

11.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard."Thereisadirectrelationship,"UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,"betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath."

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn'tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.”Dustan'smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation,”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Fortheaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequival