最全語(yǔ)法之虛擬語(yǔ)氣市公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

虛擬語(yǔ)氣

SubjunctiveMood

GRAMMER語(yǔ)法陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣

Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.

Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使語(yǔ)氣

Let’sgo.

Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.語(yǔ)氣分類虛擬語(yǔ)氣

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.

Histeachersuggestedthathegotothelibrarythisafternoon.條件句表示主句條件,分真實(shí)條件句

和虛擬條件句

兩種。a.真實(shí)條件句表示條件是真或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn),采取陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。b.虛擬條件句

表示條件是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn),采取虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一.‘if’虛擬條件句概念由

‘if’

引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句叫作

‘if’虛擬條件句Icouldhavehaddinnerwithhimifhehadbeenhereyesterday.其它虛擬條件句Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反假設(shè),條件

狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式用were)”,

而主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。虛擬語(yǔ)氣IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.IfI

had

alotofmoney

I

would

buyavilla.Ifit

were

finenow,Iwould

goshopping.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworldwar_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)用had＋過(guò)去分詞,組成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞形式；主句謂語(yǔ)用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/mighthave＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。Ifhe__________morecarefully,

he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI________howtoswimthen,I__________________trappedinthatisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanksc.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone3.與未來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或weretodo或shoulddo

形式,主句謂語(yǔ)用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。Ifhe

got

upearlytomorrow,

he

wouldgetthere

ontime.假如他來(lái),我們會(huì)對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim?假如他看見(jiàn)我,就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,there________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe條件If從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式過(guò)去現(xiàn)在未來(lái)過(guò)去時(shí)(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原)二。虛擬條件句主從句時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)過(guò)去完成時(shí)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.過(guò)去時(shí)2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)三、省掉if,從句倒裝Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgothere.Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgothere.____formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.A.NotbeingB.HaditnotbeenC.WithoutbeingD.NothavingbeenB表示“要不是…”Had提前，倒裝

四.錯(cuò)綜虛擬條件句主句與從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不一樣時(shí)間,這時(shí)主從句位于動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不一樣而不一樣,這叫做混合條件句或錯(cuò)綜虛擬條件句。例句中從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.Ifthestaff_____________whattodobefore,

thebuilding___________onfirenow.wouldnotbehadbeentold五.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中使用方法1.在動(dòng)詞wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,或?qū)ξ磥?lái)主觀愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。IWISHEVERYDAY

WERE

MYBIRTHDAY.1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況虛擬:

從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式(be動(dòng)詞普通用were)。Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞慣用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。1)IwishI____thismorning,butIhadtogetupandcametoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.havesleptA表示過(guò)去時(shí)間不現(xiàn)實(shí)愿望特殊詞及特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣IfOnly+句子“要是……就好了”假如是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)虛擬，用過(guò)去時(shí)假如是對(duì)過(guò)去虛擬，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)注意：ifonly與if有區(qū)分，if只表示“假如”，用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣；ifonly表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)情況，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣E.g.1.ifonlyalarmclockhadrung2.ifonlyIwererich.Wouldrather+賓語(yǔ)從句從句多用過(guò)去式，表示“寧愿、寧可”E.g.Iamtoobusythesedays.Iwouldratherallofyou_nextmonthsforadinnerA.comeB.wouldcomeC.cameD.havecomeasif/asthough由asif(asthough)

或eventhough(eventhough)

引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be用were)或“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)他那樣對(duì)待我,好像我是陌生人似。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:假如表示事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生,那么方式狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.HetalksaboutRomeasthoughhe

had

beentherehimself.Itis(high)time等從句中

表示“該做而沒(méi)有作事情”，動(dòng)詞用普通過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

It’shightimewebegantowork.

2)“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou_____youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld.”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A.haverealizedB.realizedC.realizeD.shouldrealize表示是時(shí)間該作某事（但沒(méi)做）B

七、表示“提議、要求、命令”意義各種從句中一堅(jiān)持(insist),二命令(order,command),三提議(suggest,propose,advise，recommend),四要求(ask,require,request,demand)prefer,desire(兩種偏愛(ài))

這些詞從句謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣shoulddo，should可省略。比如：

HeinsistedthatJohnshoulddothisjob.Theuniondemandedthewageberaisedby20%.Wesuggestedthemeetingnotbepostponed.注意*insist不妥“果斷主張/果斷要求”講，而當(dāng)“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；suggest不妥“提議”講，而當(dāng)“暗示/表明”講時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。比如：1.“Theexperimenthadfailed.”Isuggestyou____again.”A.tryB.tryingC.willtryD.wouldtry2.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe___ill,andwesuggestedthatshe____amedicalexamination.A.be/shouldhaveB.was/haveC.shouldbe/hadD.was,has八.其它should+動(dòng)詞原形句式1.Itisnecessary/important/essential/vital/urgent/surprising/amazingthat引導(dǎo)從句（什么從句？），從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should能夠省略。這類形容詞特點(diǎn)是表示主要性或吃驚。2.Incase,lest,forfearthat引導(dǎo)是從句，表示以防,用should+動(dòng)詞原形HetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrainPRACTICEEvenifhe_______(be)here,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.Withoutair,there__________(be)nolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,I__________________(not,do)itwell.IfonlyI____________(take)hisadvice,butIdidn’t.5.Iwasverybusyyesterday,otherwiseI_________________(come)tothemeeting.6.Lookattheclock!It’s(high)timewe_______________(go)home.werewouldbecouldn’thavedonehadtakenwouldhavecomewentTranslate:我要是你話,我就會(huì)把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好。2.假如你昨天來(lái),你就會(huì)看見(jiàn)他。3.萬(wàn)一明天下雨,我們就不到那兒去。4.我希望我十年前認(rèn)識(shí)他。5.他對(duì)待我就像對(duì)待他自己兒子一樣。IfIwereyou,Iwould/shouldlearnEnglishwell.Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldn’tgothere.IwishIhadknownhimtenyearsago.HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.Exercises:()1.Iadvisedthatsister________atherdeskallday.mustn’tBnotreadCdoesn’treadDneedn’tread()2.ThesituationrequiredthatChina__________itsdoortotheoutsideworld.AmustopenBshouldopenChavetoopenDhastoopen()3.I________youamorevaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.AmusthavebroughtBwouldhaveboughtChadboughtDwouldbuy()4----Doyouwanthimtolendyousomemoney?-----Iwishhe__________.AhadBdidCwouldDshouldBBBC()5._______hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.AWouldBShouldC.ShallD.If()6.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent_________enoughfoodonthetrip.A.hadbetterbringBwouldbringCbroughtDbring()7.You__________themeetingheldyesterday.Whyareyouabsent?AhadwatchedBmighthavewatchedCweretowatchDwouldwatch()8.Shedidn’tcomeyesterday,oryou_________him.AhadseenBmighthaveseenCweretoseeDwouldseeBDBB()9.___________you________lastWednesday,youmightknowitwellnow.AWere,tocomeB.If,cameC.Had,comeD.Did,come()10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI_________thesportsmeet.A.wouldhavetakenpartinBtookpartinChadtakenpartinDwouldtakepartin()11.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe_________afewbooksonworldhistory.Adidn’treadBwouldn’treadChaven’treadDhadn’treadCAD()12.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.AbreaksBhasbrokenCwerebrokenDhadbeenbrokenC()13.Weshouldhavearrivedsoonerexceptwe___aflattyre.AhadBwouldChasnotDhas()14.----Whydidn’tyouhelphim?----Iwouldhave_______Ididn’thavethemoney.AstillBbutCotherwiseDor()15.Iwouldra