六級系統(tǒng)班16年6月-真題2013-2015考研

2014年12月大六級考試(第3套 2015年6月大六級考試(第1套 2015年6月大六級考試(第2套 2015年6月大六級考試(第3套 2012年6月大六級考試參考答 2013年6月大六級考試（第1套PartIWriting（30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark“Goodhabitsresultfromresistingtemptation.”Youcanciteexampletoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.PartIIListeningComprehension（30minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Atofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)WhyhisphonehadbeenWhyshecouldnotgetthroughtoWhyhedidn'tleaveherWhyherefusedtoanswerherA)ThehouseswithinhispricerangearesoldMostpeopleinthiscitywanttoownaHehasdifficultyfindingaffordableThewomanshouldrentanicerA)ThewomanwouldlikethemantotakecareofherThewomanhasputthenumberintoeveryone'sThenewcopymachinecanmeeteveryone'sAcodenumberisnecessarytorunthecopyA)HewillstopworktotakecareoftheHewillfindajobnearhishomenextHiswifeisgoingtogivebirthtoaHiswifewillleaveherworkA)TheshopcenterisfloodedwithTheywillcometothemallsomeotherParkinginthiscityisahorribleShewillwaitforthemanatthesouthA)HewillbebackinaminutetorepairtheItwilltakelongertoreconnectthecomputerstotheHehastackledmorecomplicatedproblemsthanAlotofcoolstuffwillbeavailableonlineA)ShefottocallherProf.SmithgiveslecturesregularlyonHermotherisafriendofProf.ShedidseeProf.SmithonA)ThemanhastowaittogethisThestoredoesn'thavetheprescribedThemanhastogotoseehisdoctorTheprescriptionisnotwrittenclearlyQuestions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ItisadvertisingelectronicItisplanningtotourEastItissponsoringaTVItisgivingperformancesinA)AlotofgoodTalentedartiststoworkforAdecreaseinproductionA)Promiselong-termcooperationwiththeExplainfranklytheirowncurrentfinancialPayfortheprintin90ftheperformanceBearthecostofthepublicisin9theCompany'sQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)HehasbeenseeingdoctorsandHehasfoundanewwaytotrainhisHewascaughtabusingHemightgiveupconcertA)Singers eaddictedtoIthelpssingerswarmthemselvesSingersuseittostayawayfromItcandoharmtosingers'vocalA)Theyareeager eManylackprofessionalFew eTheyliveaglamorousA)HarmtosingersdonebysmokySideeffectsofsomecommonHardshipsexperiencedbymanyyoun9SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Atofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)IthasnotbeenveryIthas eanewIthasmetwith IthasattractedalotofA)ItsavesItincreasesparkingItensuresdrivers'ItreducescarA)CollectmoneyandhelpnewMaintaintheautomatedStayalerttoanyWalkaroundandguardagainstcarA)TheywillvarywiththesizeofTheywillbediscountabletoregularTheywillbelowerthanconventionalTheywillbereducedifpaidinPassageQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)HalfofthemethaneintheatmosphereisfromMethane ethechiefsourceofgreenhouseConsumerbehaviormaybeinfluencedbytheMeatconsumptionhasanadverseeffectontheA)IttakestimeforthehumanbodytogetusedtoItlacksthevitaminsandmineralsessentialforItenhancesimmunitytocertainIthelpspeopletoliveamuchlongerA)ProducegreenWastenoQuiteatingGrowPassageQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheydonotknowanyTheydonotgiveupdrunkTheydonotbehaveinpublicTheydonotadmitbeingalcoholA)TostopthemfromfightingTothankthemfortheirToteachthemtheEuropeanTorelievetheirpainsandA)WithoutinterventiontheywillbeaheadachetotheWithsupporttheycanbebroughtbacktoanormalTheyreadilyrespondtomedical TheyposeaseriousthreattosocialSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearsagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthetime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Self-imageisthepictureyouhaveofyourself,thesortof youbelieveyouare.Includinginyourself-imagearethe26inwhichyouplaceyourself,therolesyouplay,andothersimilardescriptorsyouusetoidentifyyourself.Ifyoulan27youareagrandfatherwhorecentlylosthiswifeandwhodoesvolunteerworkonweekends,severalelementsofyourself-imagearebroughttolight—therolesofgrandparent,widower,and28citizen.Butself-imageismorethanhowyoupictureyourself;italsoinvolveshowothersseeyou.Threetypesoffeedbackfromothersare29howtheyseeus:confirmation,rejection,anddisconfirmation.Confirmationoccurswhenotherstreatyouinamanner30withwhoyoubelieveyouare.Youbelieveyouhaveleadershipabilitiesandyourbossputyou31anewworkteam.Ontheotherhand,rejectionoccurswhenotherstreatyouinamannerthatisinconsistentwithyour32.PierreSalingerwasappointedsenatorfromCaliforniabutsubsequentlylosthiselection.Hethoughthewasagoodpublicofficial,butthevoters33thoughtotherwise—theirvotewasinconsistentwithhisself-concept.Thethirdtypeoffeedbackisdisconfirmation,whichoccurswhenothersfailto34yournotionofselfbyrespondingneutrally.Astudentwriteswhathethinksisanexcellentcomposition,buttheteacherwritesnoencouragingremarks.Ratherthan35howothersclassifyyou,considerhowyouidentifyyourself.Thewayinwhichyouidentifyyourselfisthebestreflectionofyourself-image.PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutesDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.EachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinisheddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions36to45arebasedonthefollowing"Depression"ismorethanaseriouseconomicdownturn.Whatdistinguishesadepressionfromaharshrecessionisparalyzingfear—fearoftheunknownsogreatthatitcausesconsumers,businesses,andinvestorstoretreatandpanic.Theysaveupcashanddesperaycutspending.Theysellstocksandotherassets.Ashatteringlossofconfidenceinspiresbehaviorthatoverwhethenormalself-correctingmechanismsthatusuallypreventarecessionfrom ingdeepandprolonged:adepression.Comparing1929with2007-09,ChristinaRomer,theheadofObama'sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers,findstheinitialblowtoconfidencefargreaternowthanthen.True,stockpricesfellathirdfromSeptembertoDecember1929,butfewerAmericansthenownedstocks.Moreover,homepricesbarelydropped.FromDecember1928toDecember1929,totalhouseholdwealthdeclinedonly3%Bycontrast,thelossinhouseholdwealthbetweenDecember2007andDecember2008was17%.Bothstocksandhomes,morewidelyheld,droppedmore.Thustraumatized(受到),theeconomymighthavegoneintoafreefallendingindepression.Indeed,itdidgointofreefall.Shoppersrefrainedfrombuyingcars,appliances,andotherbig-ticketitems.Spendingonsuch"durables"droppedata12%annualratein2008'sthirdquarter,a20%rateinthefourth.Andbusinessesshelvedinvestmentprojects.Thatthesehugedeclinesdidn'tleadtodepressionmainlyreflects,asRomerargues,countermeasurestakenbytheernment.Privatemarketsfoods,services,labor,andsecuritiesdomostlyself-correct,butpanicfeedsonitselfanddisarmsthesestabilizingtendencies.Inthissituation,only ernmentcanprotecttheeconomyasawhole,becausemostindividualsandcompaniesareinvolvedintheself-defeatingbehaviorofself-protection.ernment'sfailuretoperformthisroleintheearly1930stransformedrecessionintodepression.Scholarswilldebatewhichinterventionsthistime—theFederalReserve'ssupportofafailingcreditsystem,guaranteesofbankdebt,Obama's"stimulus"planandbank"stresstest"—countedmostinpreventingarecurrence.Regardlessallthesecomplexmeasureshadthesamepsychologicalpurpose:toreassurepeoplethatthefreefallwouldstopand,thereby,curbthefearthatwouldperpetuate(使持久)afreefall.Allthisimprovedconfidence.Buttheconsumersentimentindexremainsweak,andallthereboundhasoccurredinAmericans'evaluationoffutureeconomicconditions,notthepresent.Unemployment(9.8%)isabysmal(糟透的),therecovery'sstrengthunclear.Here,too,thereisanechofromthe1930s.Despitebottomingoutin1933,theDepressiondidn'tenduntilWorldWarII.Someernmentpoliciesaidedrecovery;somehinderedit.ThegoodnewstodayisthatthebadnewsisnotWhydoconsumers,businessesandinvestorsretreatandpanicintimesofTheysuffergreatlossesinstocks,propertyandotherTheyfindtheself-correctingmechanismsTheyareafraidthenormalsocialorderwillbeTheydon'tknowwhatisgoingtohappenintheWhatdoesChristinaRomersayaboutthecurrenteconomicItsseverityisnomatchfortheGreatDepressionofItsinitialblowtoconfidencefarexceededthatofIthasaffectedhouseownersmorethanstockIthasresultedinafreefallofthepricesofWhydidn'tthecurrentrecessionturnintoadepressionaccordingtoChristina PrivatemarketscorrectedPeoplerefrainedfrombuyingdurablesandbig-ticketWhatisthechiefpurposeofallthecountermeasuresTocreatejobTocurbthefearofalastingfreeTorebuildthecreditWhatdoestheauthorthinkoftoday'seconomicItmayworsenwithoutfurtherItwillseeareboundsoonerorIthasnotgonefrombadtoItdoesnotgivepeoplereasonforPassageQuestions41to45arebasedonthefollowing"Usuallywhenwewalkthroughtherainforestwehearasoftsoundfromallthemoistleavesandanicdebrisontheforestfloor,"saysecologistDanielNepstad."Nowweincreasinglygetrustlecrunch.That'sthesoundofadyingPredictionsofthecollapseofthetropicalrainforestshavebeenaroundforyears.Yetuntiltheworstforecastswerealmostexclusivelylinkedtodirecthumanactivity,suchasclear-cuttingandburningforpasturesorfarms.Leftalone,itwasassumed,theworld'srainforestswouldnotonlyflourishbutmightevenrescueusfromdisasterbyabsorbingtheexcesscarbondioxideandotherplanet-warminggreenhousegases.Nowitturnsoutthatmaybewishfulthinking.SomescientistsbelievethattheriseincarbonlevelsmeansthattheAmazonandotherrainforestsinAsiaandAfricamaygofrombeingassetsinthebattleagainstrisingtemperaturestoliabilities.Amazonplants,forinstance,holdmorethan100billionmetrictonsofcarbon,equalto15yearsoftailpipeandchimneyemissions.Ifthecollapseoftherainforestsspeedsupdramatically,itcouldeventuallyrelease3.5-5billionmetrictonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear—makingforeststheleadingsourceofgreenhousegases.monlyseveredroughtsbroughtonbyglobalclimatechangeshaveledtoforest-eatingwildfiresfromAustraliatoIndonesia,butnowheremoreacuythanintheAmazon.Someexpertssaythattherainforestisalreadyatthebrinkofcollapse.Extremeweatherandrecklessdevelopmentareplottingagainsttherainforestinwaysthatscientistshaveneverseen.Treesneedmorewaterastemperaturesrise,buttheprolongeddroughtshaverobbedthemofmoisture,makingwholeforestseasilyclearedoftreesandturnedintofarmland.ThepictureworsenswitheachroundofElNino,theunusuallywarmcurrentsinthePacificOceanthatdriveuptemperaturesandinvariablypresage（預(yù)示）droughtsandfiresintherainforestRunawayfirespourevenmorecarbonintotheair,whichincreasestemperatures,startingthewholeviciouscyclealloveragain.Morethanparadiselost,rishingrainforestcouldtriggeradominoeffecdingwindsandrainskilometersoffcourseandloadingtheskieswithevengreaterlevelsofgreenhousegases—thatwillbefeltfarbeyondtheAmazonbasin.Inasense,wearealreadygettingaglimpseofwhat'stocome.EachburningseasonintheAmazon,firesdeliberaysetbyfrontiersettlersanddevelopershurlupalmosthalfabillionmetrictonsofcarbonayear,placingBrazilamongthetopfivecontributorstogreenhousegasesintheWelearnfromtheparagraphdeadleavesandtreedebrismakethesametreesthataredyingusuallygiveoutasoftanicdebrisechoesthesoundsinarainthesoundofaforestsignifiesitshealthInthesecondparagraph,theauthorchallengestheview thecollapseofrainforestsiscausedbydirecthumancarbonemissionsaretheleadingcauseofcurrentglobaltheconditionofrainforestshasbeenrapidlyrainforestsshouldnotbeconvertedintopasturesorTheauthorarguesthattherisingcarbonlevelsinrainforeststurnthemintoamajorsourceofgreenhousechangetheweatherpatternsthroughouttheposeathreattoacceleratetheirWhathasmadeiteasiertoturnsomerainforestsintoRapidriseincarbonRecklesslandLackofrainfallresultingfromglobalTheunusualwarmcurrentsinthePacificWhatmakesBraziloneoftheworld'stopfivecontributorstogreenhouseThedominoeffecttriggeredbytheperishingrainItspracticeofburningforestsforsettlementandThechangedpatternsofwindsandrainsintheAmazonItsinabilitytocurbthecarbonemissionsfrom2013年6月大六級考試（第2套PartIWriting（30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark“Earthprovideenoughtosatisfyeveryman’sneed,butnoteveryman’sgreed.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.PartIIListeningComprehension（30minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Atofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)ShehascompleyShewentintoshockafteranSheisstillinacriticalSheisgettingmuchA)OrderingaBookingahoBuyingatrainFixingaA)MostborrowersneverreturnedthebookstoThemanistheonlyonewhobroughtherbookSheneverexpectedanyonetoreturnthebookstoMostofthebooksshelentoutcamebackwithoutA)SheleftherworkearlytogetsomebargainslastSheattendedthesupermarket'sgrandopeningShedroveafullhourbeforefindingaparkingShefailedtogetintothesupermarketlastA)HeisbotheredbythepaininhisHecannotdohisreportwithoutaHecannotaffordtohaveacoffeeHefeelssorrytohavemissedtheA)OnlytopartstudentscanshowtheirworksintheThegalleryspaceisbigenoughfortheman'sThewomanwouldliketohelpwiththeexhibitionThemanisuncertainhowhisartworkswillbeA)ThewomanneedsatemporaryreplacementforherThemanworksinthesamedepartmentasthewomanThewomanwillhavetostayinhospitalforafewThemaniscapableofdealingwithdifficultA)ItwasbetterthanthepreviousItdistortedthemayor'sItexaggeratedthecity'seconomicItreflectedtheopinionsofmostQuestions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ToinformhimofaproblemtheyTorequesthimtopurchasecontrolTodiscussthecontentofaprojectToaskhimtofixthedictatingA)TheyquotethebestpriceintheTheymanufactureandsellofficeTheycannotdeliverthesteelsheetsonTheycannotproducethesteelsheetsA)BymarkingdowntheunitByacceptingthepenaltyByallowingmoretimeforBypromisingbetterafter-salesA)GivethecustomeratenpercentClaimcompensationfromthesteelAsktheBuyingDepartmenttochangeCancelthecontractwiththeQuestions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA) D)A)ImprovecomputerExplaincertainnaturalPromotenationalfinancialA)TheirdifferenteducationalChangingattitudestowardChaostheoryanditsThecurrentglobaleconomicSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Atofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheylaygreatemphasisonhardTheyname150starengineerseachTheyrequirehighacademicTheyhavepeoplewithaveryhighA)LongyearsofjobHigh DevotiontotheadvanceofA)Good alRichworkingHighPassageQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)AAfairyAhistoryAA)HewasasportsHelovedHedislikedHelikedhair-raisingA)EncouragepeopletoundertakePublicizehiscolorfulanduniquelifeAttractpeopletoAmerica'snationalPassageQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA) infectedAcoastalvillageinThedoctorwhoidentifiedAriverrunningthroughtheA)TheyexhibitsimilarTheycanbetreatedwiththesameTheyhavealmostthesamemortalityTheyhavebothdisappearedfA)ByinhalingairpollutedwiththeBycontactingcontaminatedbodyBydrinkingwaterfromtheCongoByeatingfoodgrowninSudanandA)MorestrainswillevolvefromtheEbolaScientistswilleventuallyfindcuresforAnotherEbolaepidemicmayeruptsoonerorOnceinfected,one eimmunetoSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearsagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthetime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Theidealcompanionmachinewouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinanagreeablemanner.Those26thatmakeinteractionwithotherpeopleenjoyablewouldbesimulatedascloselyaspossible,andthemachinewould27charming,stimulating,andeasygoing.Itsinformalconversationalstylewouldmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightly28andthereforeinteresting.Initsencounteritmightbesomewhathesitantandunassuming,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamore29andintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassive30butwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimes31develoorchangingthetopicandwouldhaversonalityofitsown.Themachinewouldconveypresence.Wehaveallseenhowacomputer'suseof alnamesoften32peopleandleadsthemtotreatthemachineasifitwerealmosthuman.Suchfeaturesareeasilywrittenintothesoftware.Byintroducing33forcefulnessandhumor,themachinecouldbepresentedasavividanduniquecharacter.Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifit34thegradualchangesthatoccurwhenone isgettingtoknowanother.Atan35timeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattaentandintimacy.PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutesDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.EachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinisheddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions36to45arebasedonthefollowingThereportfromtheBureauofLaborStatisticswasjustasgloomyasanticipated.UnemploymentinJanuaryjumpedtoa16-yearhighof7.6percent,as598,000jobswereslashedfromUSpayrollsintheworstsingle-monthdeclinesinceDecember,1974.Withl.8millionjobslostinthelastthreemonths,thereisurgentdesiretoboosttheeconomyasquicklyaspossible.ButWashingtonwoulddowelltotakeadeepbreathbeforereactingtothegrimnumbers.Collectively,werelyontheunemploymentfiguresandotherstatisticstoframeoursenseofreality.Theyareavitalpartofanarrayofdatathatweusetoassessifwe'rengwellorngbadly,andthatinturnshsernmentpoliciesandcorporatebudgetsandalspendingdecisions.Theproblemisthatthestatisticsaren'tanobjectivemeasureofreality;theyaresimplyabestapproximation.Directionally,theycapturethetrends,buttheideathatweknowpreciselyhowmanyareunemployedisamyth.Thatmakesfindingasolutionallthemoredifficult.,thereisthewaythedataisassembled.Theofficialunemploymentrateistheproductofaephonesurveyofabout60,000homes.Thereisanothersurvey,sometimesreferredtoasthe"payrollsurvey,"thatassesses400,000businessesbasedontheirreportedpayrolls.Bothsurveyshaveproblems.Thepayrollsurveycaneasilydouble-countsomeone:ifyouareone withtwojobs,youshowupastwoworkers.Thepayrollsurveyalsodoesn'tcapturethenumberofself-employed,andsosayslittleabouthowmanypeoplearegeneratinganindependent Thehouseholdsurveyhasalargerproblem.Whenaskedstraightforwardly,peopletendtolieorshadethetruthwhenthesubjectissex,moneyoremployment.Ifyougetacallandareaskedifyou'reemployed,andyousayyes,you'reemployed.Ifyousayno,however,itmaysurpriseyoutolearnthatyouareonlyunemployedifyou'vebeenactivelylookingforworkinthepastfourweeks;otherwise,youare"marginallyattachedtothelaborforce"andnotactuallyunemployed.Theurgetofyisembeddedinoursociety.Buttheideathatstatisticianscanthencaptureanobjectiverealityisn'tjustimpossible.Italsoleadstoseriousmisjudgments.DemocratsandRepublicanscanandwilltakesidesonanumberofissues,butamorecrucialconcernisthatbotharebasingmajorpolicydecisionsonguesstimatesratherthanlookingatthevastwealthofrawdatawithacriticaleyeandanopenmind.WhatdowelearnfromtheTheUSeconomicsituationisgoingfrombadtoWashingtonistakingdrasticmeasurestoprovidemoreThe ernmentisslashingmorejobsfromitsTherecenteconomiccrisishastakentheUSbyWhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheunemploymentfiguresandotherTheyformasolidbasisforpolicyTheysignalfutureeconomicTheydonotfullyreflecttheOneproblemwiththepayrollsurveyis itdoesnotincludealltheitfailstocountintheself-itmagnifiesthenumberoftheitdoesnottreatallcompaniesThehouseholdsurveycanbefaultyin peopletendtoliewhentalkingonthenoteverybodyiswillingorreadytosomepeoplewon'tprovidetruthfulthedefinitionofunemploymentistooAtofthepassage,theauthorsuggests decisionmakersviewthestatisticswithacriticalpoliticianslistenmorebeforemakingpolicyDemocratsandRepublicanscooperateoncrucialPassageQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingAtsomepointin2008,someone,probablyineitherAsiaorAfrica,madethedecisiontomovefromthecountrysidetothecity.Thisnameless pushedthehumanraceoverahistoricthreshold,foritwasinthatyearthatmankindbecame,forthetimeinitshistory,apredominantlyurbanspecies.Itisatrendthatshowsnosignofslowing.Demographers(人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家)reckonthatthree-quartersofhumanitycouldbecity-dwellingby2050,withmostoftheincreasecominginthefast-growingtownofAsiaandAfrica.Migrantstocitiesareattractedbyplentifuljobs,accesstohospitalsandeducation,andtheabilitytoesctheboredomofafarmer'sagriculturallife.Thosefactorsaremorethanenoughtomakeupforthesqualor（骯臟),diseaseandspectacularpovertythatthosesamemigrantsmustoftenatendurewhenthey eurbandwellers.ItisthecitythatinspiresthelatestbookfromPeterSmith.Hismainthesisisthatthebuzzofurbanlife,andtheopportunitiesitoffersforco-operationandcollaboration,iswhatattractspeopletothecity,whichinturnmakescitiesintotheenginesofart.,commerce,scienceandprogress.Thisishardlyrevolutionary,butitispresentedinacharmingformat.Mr.Smithhaswrittenabreezyguidebook,withaseriesofshortchaptersdedicatedtospecificaspectsofurbanity—parks,say,orthevariousschemesthathavebeenputforwardovertheyearsforbuildingtheperfectcity.Theresultisasortofhigh-quality,unusuallyrigorouscoffee-tablebook,designedtobedippedintoratherthanreadfrombeginningtoend.Inthechapteronskyscrrs,forexample,Mr.Smithtouchesonconstructionmethods,therevolutionaryinventionoftheautomaticlift,thepracticalitiesoflivingintheskyandthelikelihoodthat,as emorecrowded,apartmentlivingwill ethenorm.Butthereisalsotimeforbriefdiversionsontobizarreground,suchasadiscussionoftheskyscrrindex(whichholdsthataboominskyscrrconstructionisafoolproofsignofanimminentrecession).Oneobviouscriticismisthatthepriceofbreadthisdepth;manyofMr.Smith'sessaysraiseasmanyquestionsastheyanswer.Althoughthatcanindeedbefrustrating,thisisprobablytheonlywaytotreatsograndatopic.Thecityisthebuildingblockofcivilisationandofalmosteverythingpeopledo;aguidebooktothecityisreally,therefore,aguidebooktohowalargeandever-growingchunkofhumanitychoosestolive.Mr.Smith'sbookservesasanexcellentintroductiontoavastsubject,andwillsuggestplentyoffurtherlinesofinquiry.Inwhatwayistheyear2008Forthetimeinhistory,urbanpeopleoutnumberedruralAninfluentialfiguredecidedtomovefromthecountrysidetotheItisinthisyearthaturbanisationmadeastartinAsiaandThepopulationincreaseincitiesreachedanewpeakinAsiaandWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutItsimpactisnoteasytoItsprocesswillnotslowItisatoneinhumanItaggravatesthesqualorofHowdoestheauthorcommentonPeterSmith'snewItisbutanordinarycoffee-tableItisflavouredwithhumourousItservesasaguidetoartsandItiswritteninalivelyandinterestingWhatdoestheauthorsayinthechapteron Theautomaticliftisindispensablein Peopleenjoylivingin rswith rsareasuresignofacity'sRecessioncloselyfollowsa rWhatmaybeonecriticismofMr.Smith'sItdoesnotreallytouchonanythingItistoolongforpeopletoreadfromcovertoItdoesnotdealwithanyaspectofcitylifeinItfailstoprovidesoundadvicetocity2013年6月大六級考試（第3套PartIWriting（30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark“Asistheshortestdistancebetweentwopeople.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.PartIIListeningComprehension（30minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Atofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespoken