考研考博-英語-井岡山大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-井岡山大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

2.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shebearsnoisesinherearsdayandnight.

B.Shehasbeenoverworkingforalongtime.

C.Herrightear,hurtinanaccident,istroublingher.

D.Herearringsaregivinghertroubledayandnight.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Myearsarealwaysringing.DayandnightIcan’tsleep.

M:Whichisyourbadear?

W:Myrightearhurts.

Q:Whydoesthewomanhavetroublesleeping?

【解析】女士在對話中說到難以入眠是因?yàn)镸yearsarealwaysringing（耳朵一直有噪音）。

2.單選題

Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves,memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffed(嗅出)somethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.

Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryoflargecomputermayholdupto100,000“words”stringofalphabeticornumericalcharactersreadyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.Steenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.

Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson’smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity.Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmemory?

2.Accordingtothepassage,memoryishelpfulinone'slifeinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat（

）.

3.Whatistheauthor'sviewaboutcomputersandhumanbeingsintermsofintelligence?

4.Whatisthemajorcharacteristicofman’smemorycapacityaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimalsby

（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpsusperceivethingshappeningarounduseveryday

B.Itisbasedonthedecisionswemadeinthepast

C.Itisrootedinourpasthabitsandskills

D.Itconnectsourpastexperienceswiththepresent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itinvolvesachangeinone'sbehavior

B.itkeepsinformationforlateruse

C.itwarnspeoplenottodothingsrepeatedly

D.itenablesonetoremembereventsthathappenedinthepast

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Computershavebettermemorythanachilddoes

B.Computersareasintelligentasateenageris

C.Computerscanunderstandasmanyas100,000words

D.Humanbeingsarefarsuperiortocomputers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbeexpandedbylanguage

B.Itcanrememberallthecombinedwords

C.Itmaykeepalltheinformationinthepast

D.Itmaychangewhathasbeenstoredinit

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.havingtheabilitytoperceivedanger

B.havingafargreatermemorycapacity

C.havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsight

D.havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiences

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段第二句話提到“大量日常認(rèn)知的意義、我們做決定的依據(jù)和我們的習(xí)慣和技能的根源都是我們過去的經(jīng)歷，這些都是被記憶帶到現(xiàn)在來的”（Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory），由此可知，記憶能夠?qū)⑦^去與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句話提到“記憶不僅僅是記住算數(shù)和歷史事實(shí)這類事情，還包括動(dòng)物典型行為的改變”（Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves），可知選項(xiàng)A“它涉及行為的改變”是正確的，排除；文章第二段第一句話提到“記憶被定義為是一種將信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse），由此可知選項(xiàng)B正確，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠記憶，可以把過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來，選項(xiàng)D“記住過去發(fā)生的事情”正確，排除。因此，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段講述了計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的存儲(chǔ)功能。計(jì)算機(jī)跟青少年都能記憶十萬左右的英語單詞，但是單詞只是人類記憶中很小的一部分，人類還能記憶很多其他的內(nèi)容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人臉和地方（However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight），可知人類比電腦要強(qiáng)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段提到“當(dāng)語言極大的擴(kuò)大人能夠記住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力時(shí)，這需要有巨大的記憶存儲(chǔ)量”（Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity），因此選項(xiàng)A“能夠擴(kuò)大存儲(chǔ)量”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一句話提到“可能就是這種記憶存儲(chǔ)量將人類與其他動(dòng)物區(qū)分開來”（Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Thecouplehasdonatedanot（）amountofmoneytothefoundation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inconsiderable

B.inconsiderate

C.inaccurate

D.incomparable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這對夫婦為這個(gè)基金會(huì)己經(jīng)捐獻(xiàn)了不少錢。

考查形容詞辨析。inconsiderable小的,不値得考慮的,微不足道的；inconsiderate輕率的,不顧別人的;inaccurate不精確的,不準(zhǔn)確的；incomparable無可匹敵的,不能比較的。故A符合句意。

4.單選題

Wecomplainofthedarknessinwhichweliveoutourlives:wedonotunderstandthenatureofexistenceingeneral;weespeciallydonotknowtherelationofourownselftotherestofexistence.Notonlyisourlifeshort,ourknowledgeislimitedentirelytoit,sincewecansee（

）backbeforeourbirth（

）outbeyondourdeath,sothatourconsciousnessisasitwerealightning-flashmomentarilyilluminatingthenight:ittrulyseemsasthoughademonhadmaliciouslyshutoffallfurtherknowledgefromussoastoenjoyourdiscomfiture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.either...or

B.neither...nor

C.both…and

D.notonly…butalso

【答案】B

【解析】考查并列連詞?？崭裉幘湟猓何覀兊闹R(shí)局限于此，“······出生之前，······我們死亡之后?！蔽覀儗τ谏八篮蟮闹R(shí)應(yīng)為否定狀態(tài)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)表示否定。

5.單選題

Rejectingtheurgingofhisphysicianfathertostudymedicine,Hawkingchoseto（）onmathandtheoreticalphysics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impose

B.center

C.overtook

D.concentrate

【答案】D

【解析】imposeon利用，欺騙；centeron集中，以……為中心；overtook趕上，代替，不與on搭配；concentrateon專注于……。句意：霍金拒絕了他的醫(yī)生父親學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)的要求，選擇專注于數(shù)學(xué)和理論物理。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.翻譯題

（1）如果從狹義上去理解“進(jìn)步”和“人類的狀況”，則人們可以甚為合理地說，人類在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中幾乎沒有取得任何的進(jìn)步。（2）全球數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人仍生活在貧困之中，艾滋病正在奪走無數(shù)人的生命，而治愈方法遙遙無期。（3）戰(zhàn)爭和暴力在中東、非洲以及阿富汗持續(xù)不斷。（4）然而，持此狹隘的觀點(diǎn)，則有可能使人無視人類在過去一百年中已取得的顯而易見的巨大進(jìn)步。（5）隨著人類繼續(xù)邁進(jìn)21世紀(jì)，較為可取的做法應(yīng)該是全面認(rèn)識(shí)人類在過去100年中已經(jīng)取得的成就，并展望人類在下一個(gè)世紀(jì)中可能取得的進(jìn)步，而不是對人類今日顯著改善的生存狀況視而不見。

【答案】1.Ifweunderstand“progress”and“thehumancondition”inanarrowsense,itisquitereasonabletosaythatmankindhasmadealmostnoprogressinthepastcentury.

2.MillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldstillliveinpovertyandAIDSiskillingmillionswithnocureinsight.

3.WarandviolencecontinueintheMiddleEast,AfricaandAfghanistan.

4.However,withsuchanarrowview,onewouldignoretheremarkableandhugeprogressthathumanityhasmadeinthepasthundredyears.

5.Ashumanitycontinuestomoveintothe21stcentury,itwouldbepreferabletotakeacomprehensiveviewofwhathasbeenachievedinthepast100yearsandlookforwardtotheprogressthatislikelytobemadeinthenextcentury,ratherthanturningablindeyetotheremarkableimprovementinhumanconditionstoday.

7.單選題

Sheknowsalotofyoungmen,butitisn’teasytochoosea/an______onewhoisbothrichandattractive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.elegant

C.diligent

D.qualified

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“（指認(rèn)為可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合適的；具備條件的”；B選項(xiàng)elegant“優(yōu)雅的；精美的”；C選項(xiàng)diligent“勤勉的”；D選項(xiàng)qualified“有文憑的；有限度的，有保留的”。句意：她認(rèn)識(shí)很多年輕人，但要選擇一個(gè)既有錢又有魅力的______卻不容易。根據(jù)語境，這里指即使這么多優(yōu)秀的人，選一個(gè)合心意的也不容易。A選項(xiàng)eligible“（指認(rèn)為可做夫妻的男女）合意的，合適的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeforwhichtheeyesstop—thedurationofthefixation—variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.

Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.

1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsexcept（）.

2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext

B.one’spurposeinreading

C.thelengthofagroupofwords

D.lightingandtiredness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation

B.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly

C.demandsandeeply-participatingmind

D.demandsmoremindthaneyes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.

B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords.

C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.

D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime.

B.Manyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining.

C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading.

D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.neutral

C.pessimistic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段后半部分的內(nèi)容“眼睛停留的時(shí)間，也就是注視持續(xù)的時(shí)間因人而異。每個(gè)人的閱讀目的和對文本的熟悉程度也不同。此外，它會(huì)受到諸如光照和疲勞等因素的影響?！庇纱丝芍?，只有選項(xiàng)C不是影響識(shí)別時(shí)間的因素。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二、三句“所有這些練習(xí)都很巧妙，但是提高一個(gè)人看單詞的能力是一回事，提高他有效閱讀課文的能力又是另一回事。閱讀需要理解單詞之間的關(guān)系。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)A和B是人們錯(cuò)誤地強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀純粹的視覺方面，設(shè)計(jì)了許多練習(xí)來訓(xùn)練眼睛在一次注視時(shí)能看到更多的單詞，所以均不是作者的觀點(diǎn)；作者認(rèn)為閱讀需要理解單詞之間的關(guān)系，也就是需要大腦深入?yún)⑴c到閱讀中來，所以選項(xiàng)C正確；選項(xiàng)D將大腦和眼睛進(jìn)行了對比，顯然在原文沒有信息提及。

3.判斷推理題。題干問的是：作者在第二段提到“提高一個(gè)人看單詞的能力是一回事，提高他有效閱讀課文的能力又是另一回事”是想表達(dá)什么？原文最后一句提及“…especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.特別是任何訓(xùn)練一個(gè)人閱讀單個(gè)單詞和短語的方法似乎不太可能幫助他閱讀連續(xù)的文本。”也就是說，上述的閱讀練習(xí)對于提高有效閱讀并沒有什么太大的幫助，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一句“…especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.特別是任何訓(xùn)練一個(gè)人閱讀單個(gè)單詞和短語的方法似乎不太可能幫助他閱讀連續(xù)的文本?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)D與原文表述不符。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者主要是反對強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀純粹的視覺方面，也就是只用眼睛看而不用大腦思考，所以作者的態(tài)度是批判的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

9.單選題

The（）ofthemanwhobeatthegirltodeathwasnotformoneybutforkilling.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.motive

B.motivation

C.push

D.drive

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī)；目的（側(cè)重于做壞事的動(dòng)機(jī)）”，B選項(xiàng)motivation“動(dòng)機(jī)；積極性（側(cè)重于干勁，動(dòng)力一類）”，C選項(xiàng)push“推”，D選項(xiàng)drive“驅(qū)動(dòng)器”，句子中是說男子擊打女孩致死的動(dòng)機(jī)，是壞的行為，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意為：那個(gè)把女孩打死的男人的動(dòng)機(jī)不是為了錢，而是為了殺人。

10.單選題

Inthenewcabinet’budget,aproportionof3percentisfixedforthefeedingand（

）ofthosebelowthepovertyline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unemployment

B.dwelling

C.exploitation

D.evolving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。unemployment“失業(yè)”；dwelling“住處，寓所”；exploitation“開發(fā)，開采，剝削”；evolving“演變，進(jìn)化”。

句意：在新內(nèi)閣的預(yù)算中，3%的預(yù)算用于為那些在貧困線以下的人提供食物和住處。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Farmingisstilltheworld'sgreatestindustry.Onaverage,overhalfofthepopulationspendtheirlivesploughingthesoil,plantingseeds,harvestingcrops,andraisinganimalswhichprovideuswithmeat,milk,eggs,wool,leather,andmanyotherproducts.Traditionalfarming,inwhichmostofthehardworkonthefarmisdonebymanuallaborandanimals,isstillpracticedinmanycountries.Buttraditionalmethodscannotproduceenoughfoodtocopewiththegreatexplosioninpopulation.

Onlywithmodernmethodsoffarming——usingmachinestoreplacemenandanimals,artificialfertilizerstoenrichthesoil,andchemicalstokeepweedsanddiseasesundercontrol,canmanhopetoavoidacatastrophicworldfoodshortage.FormingmethodsarewelladvancedinmostpartsofEuropeandNorthAmerica,andfarmerselsewherearebeinghelpedbysuchorganizationsastheUnitedNationsFoodandAgriculturalOrganization(FAO)tomodernizeasquicklyaspossible.

Machineryhasbroughtaboutthegreatestrevolutioninfarming.Byfarthemostimportantmachineisthetractor,whichisusedforpullingmanykindsofimplements——ploughstobreakupthesoil,drillstosowtheseeds,trailerstocarrymanure,andsoon.Inthisrespectitdoesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid.Butatractordoesmorethanjustpull.Italsoprovidespowertodriveothermachinery,suchasmowingmachines,andpotatoharvesters.

Thestandardtypeoftractorhastwomassivewheelsattherearandtwosmallonesatthefront,butthosedesignedfortravelingoverheavygroundorforpullingheavyloadshavecaterpillarorcrawlertracks.Tractorssupplypowertodriveothermachineryeitherthroughapulleywheeldrivenbytheengineorbymeansofwhatiscalledpowertake-off(p.t.o).Inp.t.o.drive,themovingpartofthemachinethetractorispulling,suchastheknifebladeofamower,isturneddirectlybyashaftdrivenbytheengine.

Amongthemanyotherfarmmachines,combineharvestersareprobablythemostimportant.Theyaresocalledbecausetheycombinetheactionsofreapingandthreshing.Cerealsarethemain,butnottheonlycropsthatareharvestedwiththecombine.Peasandbeanscanalsobeharvestedwithit.

Growingplantstaketheirnourishmentfromthesoil.Theyneedcertainessentialelements,particularlycalcium,nitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassium,iftheyaretogrowwell.Itstandstoreasonthataftereverycroptherewillbelessoftheseelementsremaininginthesoilforasubsequentcrop.Toensureagoodcropeverytime,farmersapplyfertilizerstothesoilbeforeplantingtoreplacetheessentialelementsthepreviouscropremoved.

Thefarmer'straditionalfertilizerisfarm-yardmanure,arottedmixtureofdungandstraw.Itimprovesthetextureofthesoilaswell.Butthereisnotenoughmanuretosupplytheneedsofamodernfarmer,andartificialfertilizersarewidelyusedinstead.Thereareavarietyofartificialfertilizers,eachsupplyingcertainoftheessentialelements.Sulphateofammoniasuppliesnitrogen,superphosphateoflimesuppliesphosphorus,bonemealsuppliesbothnitrogenandphosphorus,sulphateofpotashsuppliespotassium,andtherearemany,manymore.Superphosphateisprobablyoneofthemostwidelyusedofallthefertilizers.Limeisalsoaddedtothesoilonalargescale.Itisvaluablenotonlyasafertilizerbutalsoasasoilconditioner.

Ofcourse,stimulatingcropsintobettergrowthmakestheweedsgrowbetter,too!Fortunatelythechemisthascometotheaidoffarmersanddevelopedselectiveweed-killers,properlycalledherbicides,forusewiththeircrops.Herbicideshaveaselectiveactioninthattheykilltheweedsbutleavethecropunharmed.Theyareusedparticularlywiththecerealcrops.Chemistshavealsodevelopedawiderangeoffungicidestokillfungusdiseases,suchaspotatoblightorrustnwheat,whichcoulddevastatethecrops.Farmerswagecontinualwaragainstinsects,too.Maggots,beetles,andweevilscandountolddamageiftheyarenotchecked.Again,modernsciencehasproducedpowerfulinsecticidestoprotectcropsagainstinsectattack.

1.Whatisthesymboloftraditionalfarming?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,tractor（）.

3.Tosupplytheneedsofmodernfarming（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

5.Theword"revolution"inline1ofparagraph3canbebestreplacedby（）.

6.Theword"they"inline2ofparagraph5refersto（）.

7.Thephrase“cometotheaidof”inline2ofthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ploughingthesoil,plantingseeds,harvestingcropsandraisinganimals.

B.Enrichingthesoilwithartificialfertilizers.

C.Hardfarmworkisdonebymanuallaborandanimals

D.Ploughingthesoilwithtractors.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.doesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid

B.isusedtobreakupthesoilsowtheseedsandcarriesmanure

C.replacesbothmenandanimalsandprovidespowertodriveothermachinery

D.hastwomassivewheelsattherear

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.growingplantsneedcertainessentialelements

B.farmersapplymanurebeforeplanting

C.stimulatingcropsintobettergrowthalsohassideeffect

D.artificialfertilizersarewidelyused

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therearetremendousdifferencesbetweentraditionalfarmingandmodemfarming

B.inmodernfarmingtractorisessential

C.fertilizersarethesymbolofmodemfarming

D.farmersseldomapplymanurenow

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.gradualchange

B.completechange

C.suddenchange

D.slowchange

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.generalfarmmachines

B.farmers

C.tractors

D.combineharvesters

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.runheretohelp

B.cometothearea

C.offerhelpto

D.serveasanaide

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“Traditionalfanning,inwhichmostofthehardworkonthefarmisdonebymanuallaborandanimals,isstillpracticedinmanycountries.”許多國家仍在實(shí)行傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè),在這種農(nóng)業(yè)中,大多數(shù)繁重的勞動(dòng)是由體力勞動(dòng)和由動(dòng)物來完成的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Inthisrespectitdoesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid.Butatractordoesmorethanjustpull.Italsoprovidespowertodriveothermachinery...”拖拉機(jī)所做的工作與以前的馬或牛一樣,但是拖拉機(jī)不僅僅如此,它還可以為其他機(jī)器提供動(dòng)力。由此可知,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句“Butthereisnotenoughmanuretosupplytheneedsofamodemfarmer,andartificialfertilizersarewidelyusedinstead.”沒有足夠的肥料供應(yīng)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)民的需求,所以人工肥料被廣泛使用。選項(xiàng)D與原文描述一致。

4.結(jié)合一二段的內(nèi)容可知,現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)有很大的差異,選項(xiàng)A正確；選項(xiàng)B和C表述太絕對；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。

5.根據(jù)句意：機(jī)器的出現(xiàn)對于農(nóng)業(yè)來說是一個(gè)巨大的變革,也就是說農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)生了徹底的變化,選項(xiàng)B最符合原文語境。

6.結(jié)合上下文以及句意可知,這里的they指的是上句提到的combineharvesters,選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.根據(jù)下文可知,除草劑可以殺死雜草,但不傷害作物。由此可知cometotheaidof指提供幫助,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterworldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguistic(語言上的)andculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriend,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshaveEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericherwhospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreported55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobable（

）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（

）.

3.IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,American’sculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（

）.

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.affecttheirimagesinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干：中東人距離美國人太近會(huì)最可能……A選項(xiàng)“站著不動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)“跳到一邊”；C選項(xiàng)“走得更近”；D選項(xiàng)“使保持距離”。定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第一二句話Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.（此外，我們喜歡認(rèn)為自己是友好的，但拉丁人和中東人更喜歡與他人至少3英尺或1臂的距離，這讓美國人感到不舒服。）以及第二段第一句linguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriend,businessandrespectintheworld（語言和文化上的盲目性，以及我們對其他國家的品味、手勢、習(xí)俗和語言的不上心，正在使我們在世界上失去朋友、生意和尊重。），從這里可以看出美國人不喜歡別人離得很近，而且比較自我，所以在別人離得很近的時(shí)候最有可能的反應(yīng)就是和他們保持距離，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)，其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題干：作者舉了許多例子來批評美國人的……。A選項(xiàng)“文化自我中心”；B選項(xiàng)“隨意的態(tài)度”；C選項(xiàng)“對外國游客的冷漠”；D選項(xiàng)“對其他文化的傲慢”。定位到文章第一段第一句話OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.（我們的文化使大多數(shù)美國人認(rèn)為，不僅我們的語言是通用的，而且我們使用的手勢每個(gè)人都能理解），后面的例子包括美國的餐館等公共場所只有英文標(biāo)志，沒有其他語言的標(biāo)志，美國人出國旅游都需要翻譯，這些都表明了美國人的文化自我中心，所以答案選A；B、D選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)只是文化自我中心的一個(gè)例子。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：在其他國家，大多數(shù)美國人……A選項(xiàng)“被當(dāng)?shù)厝斯铝⒘恕?；B選項(xiàng)“由于語言障礙消息不會(huì)很靈通”；C選項(xiàng)“和當(dāng)?shù)厝讼嗵幍煤芎谩?；D選項(xiàng)“酒店及餐廳需要翻譯”。第三段第五、六、七句：Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericherwhospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.（當(dāng)我們出國時(shí)，我們傾向于聚集在說英語的酒店和餐館。我們獲取的態(tài)度和信息是由那些本地人決定的——通常是那些說英語的富人。我們的商業(yè)往來，以及國家的外交，都是通過翻譯官進(jìn)行的）。從這里可以看出因?yàn)槊绹说南⑹菚?huì)英語的富人提供的，所以消息不會(huì)很靈通，B選項(xiàng)正確；A、C、D選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及。

第4題:判斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)作者，美國人的文化盲目性和語言無知將……A選項(xiàng)“影響他們在新時(shí)代的形象”；B選項(xiàng)“切斷自己與外界的聯(lián)系”；C選項(xiàng)“限制他們在國際事務(wù)中的作用”；D選項(xiàng)“削弱美元的地位”。第四段第一句AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.（美國人和美國人可以忍受文化盲目性和語言無知）最后一段第二三句話Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreported55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs（美元不再能買到所有好東西，我們開始慢慢意識(shí)到我們在世界上的適當(dāng)角色正在發(fā)生變化。1979年哈里斯民意調(diào)查顯示，55%的美國人希望美國在國際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更重要的作用），從這里可以看出以前美國人能夠承受文化自我中心帶來的后果，但是隨著美元的衰落，美國這種自我中心的心態(tài)已經(jīng)影響了美國人在國際事務(wù)中的地位，所以答案選C；整篇文章沒有提到美國人的形象問題以及美國人與世隔絕了，所以B選項(xiàng)不選。A、D選項(xiàng)與題無關(guān)。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干：作者寫這篇文章的目的就是要讓美國人意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“忽視他們的外國朋友是危險(xiǎn)的”；B選項(xiàng)“保持他們在國際事務(wù)中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用是重要的”；C選項(xiàng)“在公共場所使用幾種語言是必要的”；D選項(xiàng)“是時(shí)候去了解其他文化了”。整篇文章都是圍繞美國的文化自我中心來展開的，比如第一段第一句OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone（美國文化讓大多數(shù)美國人認(rèn)為，不僅我們的語言是通用的，而且我們的手勢每個(gè)人都能理解）第二段第一句Ourlinguisticandculturalblindness（我們語言和文化上的盲目）第四段第一句的culturalblindness（文化上的盲目）。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中唯一講文化的只有D選項(xiàng)，所以答案選D。A、B、C選項(xiàng)只是對文章內(nèi)容的截取。

13.單選題

Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthe（）conditionforexpansionofmind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indispensable

B.incredible

C.indefinite

D.incompatible

【答案】A

【解析】句意:眾所周知，知識(shí)是拓展思維的必備條件。

考查形容詞辨析。indispensable不可缺少的，必不可少的；incredible驚人的，不可思議的；indefinite無限期的，不明確的；incompatible不相容的，不匹配的。故A符合句意。

14.單選題

Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.philosophy

B.manner

C.personality

D.idealism

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。toblame意為“該受責(zé)備；怪罪；應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)”。句意“如果你從不復(fù)習(xí)你的臺(tái)詞，假如在表演時(shí)失敗了，你只能怪你自己?！边x項(xiàng)B符合語境。

15.單選題

Thefathercan’tevendisciplinehimself,______agoodexampletohischildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchmoretoset

B.muchlesssetting

C.muchlesstoset

D.stillmoresetting

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)muchmore“更加；多得多”，后面接形容詞；B選項(xiàng)muchlessdoing“更不用說”，后面可跟名詞、代詞和從句；C選項(xiàng)muchlesstodo非固定搭配；D選項(xiàng)stillmore“更加”。句意：這位父親甚至不能約束自己，______給他的孩子做個(gè)好榜樣了。根據(jù)語境，這里指不能約束自己，就更加不能做個(gè)好榜樣了，B選項(xiàng)muchlessdoing“更不用說”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theselfishpeoplearemainly（）withwhattheycanpersonal