考研考博-英語-云南城市建設(shè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南城市建設(shè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hewasfiredbecauseofhis（

）refusaltofolloworders.

問題1選項

A.obstinate

B.obedient

C.obsolete

D.obstructive

【答案】A

【解析】obstinate頑固的，倔強的；obedient服從的；obsolete廢棄的；obstructive阻礙的，妨礙的。句意：他因固執(zhí)地拒絕服從命令而被解雇了。選項A符合句意。

2.單選題

WhenChelseacaughta（）disease,noneofhisfriendswereallowedtovisithim.

問題1選項

A.conspicuous

B.contagious

C.consequent

D.captivating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。conspicuous“顯著的；顯而易見的”；contagious“感染性的”；consequent“隨之發(fā)生的”；captivating“迷人的；有魅力的”。句意：Chelsea得了______病，他的朋友們都不允許來看望他。根據(jù)后半句可知Chelsea得的是傳染病。因此選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifththetotal（

）forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項

A.acceptable

B.available

C.advisable

D.applicable

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通常，一個學(xué)生花在住房上的費用應(yīng)控制在可支配生活費總額的五分之一以內(nèi)。

考查形容詞辨析。acceptable可接受的，令人滿意的；available可獲得的，可購得的，有空的；advisable明智的，可取的；applicable適用的，可實施的。故B符合句意。

4.單選題

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey（）radiationbetter.

問題1選項

A.standinwith

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standupto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在太空中，女性比男性有著顯著的優(yōu)勢，因為她們需要的食物和氧氣更少，而且她們更能抵抗輻射。

考查短語辨析。standinwith與……聯(lián)合，合謀;standinfor代替;standupfor支持，堅持，standupto經(jīng)得起，抵抗?？崭裉幍馁e語是“輻射”，因此D項正確。

5.單選題

Weworktomakemoney,butitis（

）athatpeoplewhoworkhardandlongoftendonotmakethemostmoney.

問題1選項

A.dilemma

B.conflict

C.prejudice

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。dilemma“困境；進退兩難”；conflict“沖突，矛盾”；prejudice“偏見；侵害”；paradox“悖論；似非而是的論點；自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：我們工作時為了掙錢，但是矛盾的是，工作努力并且時間長的人通常并不是掙錢最多的。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Althoughthereareplansto（

）additionalpensions,thiswillnotaffectanyoneretiringbefore1998andwillonlymarginallyaffectthoseretiringby2009.

問題1選項

A.breakdown

B.scaledown

C.boildown

D.narrowdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。breakdown“故障，分解”；scaledown“縮減”；boildown“歸結(jié)”；narrowdown“縮小范圍”。句意：盡管有計劃縮減額外退休金數(shù)額。選項B符合句意。

7.不定項選擇題

Asinthecaseofsomanywordsusedbythebiologistandphysiologist,thewordacclimatizationishardtodefine.Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange.Originallythetermacclimatizationwastakentomeanonlytheabilityofhumanbeingsoranimalsorplantstoaccustomthemselvestonewandstrangeclimaticconditions,primarilyalteredtemperature.Apersonorawolfmovestoahotclimateandisuncomfortablethere,butafteratimeisbetterabletowithstandtheheat.Butasidefromtemperature,thereareotheraspectsofclimate.Apersonorananimalmaybecomeadjustedtolivingathigheraltitudesthanthoseitwasoriginallyaccustomedto.Atreallyhighaltitudes,suchasaviatorsmaybeexposedto,thelowatmosphericpressurebecomesafactorofprimaryimportance.Inchangingtoanewenvironment,apersonmay,therefore,meetnewconditionsoftemperatureorpressure,andinadditionmayhavetocontendwithdifferentchemicalsurroundings.Onhighmountains,theamountofoxygenintheatmospheremayberelativelysmall;incrowdedcities,apersonmaybecomeexposedtorelativelyhighconcentrationsofcarbondioxideorevencarbonmonoxide,andinvariousareasmaybeexposedtoconditionsinwhichthewatercontentoftheatmosphereisextremelyhighorextremelylow.Thusinthecaseofhumans,animals,andevenplants,theconceptofacclimatizationincludesthephenomenaofincreasedtolerationofhighorlowtemperature,ofalteredpressure,andofchangesinthechemicalenvironment.

Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit.Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking.Thistypeofadjustmentiscommonlyreferredtobyphysiologistsas“adaptation”.

Thusourtouchsensesoonbecomesaccustomedtothepressureofourclothesandwedonotfeelthem;wesoonfailtohearthetickingofaclock;obnoxiousodorsafteratimefailtomakemuchimpressiononus,andoureyesinstronglightrapidlybecomeinsensitive.

Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.Thisisoneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsoflivingorganisms,acharacteristicforwhichitisextremelydifficulttofindexplanations.

1.Accordingtothereadingselection,allanimalsandplants（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthereadingselectionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothereadingselection,acclimatization（）.

4.Byinferencefromthereadingselection,whichoneofthefollowingwouldnotrequiretheprocessofacclimatization?

5.Accordingtothepassage,amajordistinctionbetweenacclimatizationandadaptationisthatacclimatization（）.

問題1選項

A.haveanabilityforacclimatization

B.canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime

C.aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments

D.canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges

問題2選項

A.everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings

B.plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent

C.assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange

D.biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings

問題3選項

A.issimilartoadaptation

B.ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas

C.involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment

D.maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism

問題4選項

A.Anoceanfishplacedinalake

B.Askindivermakingadeepdive

C.Anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight

D.Apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom

問題5選項

A.ismoreimportantthanadaptation

B.isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid

C.appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments

D.isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。由allanimalsandplants定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.”，適應(yīng)環(huán)境的根本事實是，所有的動物和植物都有一定的能力來適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化。A選項“haveanabilityforacclimatization”意為“有適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力”，與原文相符；B選項“canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime”意為“一次只能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的一種變化”，原文沒有相關(guān)表達；C選項“aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments”意為“能成功地讓自身適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化”，有一定的適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化的能力，并不等于成功；D選項“canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges”意為“能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的自然變化，但不能適應(yīng)人為誘導(dǎo)的變化”，原文未提及人為誘導(dǎo)的變化。因此A選項符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項和題干可知，本題需要四個選項逐個分析。A選項“everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings”，意為“環(huán)境的任何變化都需要生物適應(yīng)”，原文是適應(yīng)與生物不適合或者致命的環(huán)境，但不是所有變化都要適應(yīng)；B選項“plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent”意為“植物和動物的相似之處多于它們的不同之處”，原文并未就動植物的相似處與不同處進行比較；C選項“assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange”意為“隨著科學(xué)的發(fā)展，術(shù)語的內(nèi)涵可能會發(fā)生變化”與原文相符，原文“Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange”隨著知識和理解的增加，單詞的意義也在變化；D選項“biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings”意為“生物學(xué)家和生理學(xué)家本質(zhì)上研究的是相同的東西”，原文沒有相關(guān)表達。因此C選項符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由acclimatization定位到文章第二段第一句“Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit”，因此，讓我們把適應(yīng)性定義為一個生物體或生物體的一部分逐漸適應(yīng)一個通常不適合它或?qū)λ鼇碚f是致命的環(huán)境的過程。由此可知，適應(yīng)也包括負面的適應(yīng)。A選項“issimilartoadaptation”，意為“類似于適應(yīng)”，與原文相反，adaptation與acclimatization是兩個概念；B選項“ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas”意為“現(xiàn)在比以前更重要”，原文并未將過去與現(xiàn)在的重要性進行比較；C選項“involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment”意為“包括積極和消極的適應(yīng)”與原文相符；D選項“maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism”意為“可能與一個生物體的一部分有關(guān)，但與整個生物體無關(guān)”，與原文不符，原文是生物體或生物體的一部分，因此與整個生物體有關(guān)。因此C選項符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由notrequiretheprocessofacclimatization定位到文章第二段第三句“Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，這一術(shù)語不應(yīng)包括我們的感覺器官不斷做出的相對迅速的調(diào)整。由此可知，感官做出相對迅速的調(diào)整不屬于acclimatization。A選項“anoceanfishplacedinalake”，意為“一條被放在湖里的海魚”，B選項“askindivermakingadeepdive”意為“深潛的赤身潛水員”，C選項“anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight”意為“進行高空飛行的飛行員”，都屬于相對緩慢的適應(yīng)過程，因此屬于acclimatization。D選項“apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom”意為“一個人從有日光的房間進入昏黑的房間”，此時我們的眼睛也就是視覺器官會立刻做出反應(yīng)，所以這不屬于acclimatization。因此D選項符合題意。

第5題:事實細節(jié)題。由majordistinction定位到文章第二段第二、三句“Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，總的來說，適應(yīng)環(huán)境是一個相對緩慢的過程。這一術(shù)語不應(yīng)包括我們的感覺器官不斷做出的相對迅速的調(diào)整。由此可知，適應(yīng)環(huán)境是個相對緩慢的過程，而適應(yīng)是個相對快速的過程。A選項“ismoreimportantthanadaptation”意為“比適應(yīng)更重要”，原文未將兩者的重要性進行比較；B選項“isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid”意為“相對緩慢，適應(yīng)相對快速”，符合原文；C選項“appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments”意為“適用于調(diào)整，而適應(yīng)不適用于調(diào)整”，與原文不符，適應(yīng)也適用于調(diào)整，如感覺器官不斷做出的相對迅速的調(diào)整；D選項“isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman”意為“適用于所有動物和植物，適應(yīng)只用于高等動物和人”，原文沒有后半句的相關(guān)表述。因此B選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

問題1選項

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

問題3選項

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

問題4選項

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

問題5選項

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？廣告商和廣告公司怎么能在經(jīng)過數(shù)月的研究之后，還能生產(chǎn)出冒犯消費者的廣告呢？”可推知一些廣告仍然沒有對消費者的感受表示出任何理解的跡象，故答案選D。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首當其沖地承受著這個行業(yè)明顯的無能，無法將人們置于真實的當今環(huán)境中?！笨赏浦髡哒J為當前的廣告最普遍的錯誤就是沒有把女性放在真實的處境中，呈現(xiàn)出不真實的女性形象，答案選A。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她說，困擾女性的并不是廣告對家庭主婦角色的使用，而是在于處理它的方式?！庇纱丝赏茢嗨ㄗh廣告應(yīng)該改變方式，而不是內(nèi)容，故答案選C。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章最后一段可知優(yōu)秀的廣告應(yīng)該由廣告商、廣告機構(gòu)和消費者共同完成，由此可推斷廣告業(yè)應(yīng)該注重民意。答案選C。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消費者應(yīng)該告訴廣告商他們失敗的地方；而改變的過程將會非常緩慢，直到作為接受方的消費者認真對待這件事，并讓他們的感覺被廣告商知道。”由此可知答案選B。

9.單選題

（）theyhopetogohometomorrow,theyareresignedtostayingonuntiltheendofyear.

問題1選項

A.Muchas

B.Muchthough

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語從句的倒裝。句意：盡管他們很希望明天就回家，但他們還是決定一直待到年底。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示盡管時，要將賓語或副詞倒裝，muchas表示盡管很……，因此A選項正確。

10.問答題

DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablish

families.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomen

A

andbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundredyearsofsteady

B

C

decline,producingthe"babyboom."

D

【答案】試題答案：B;high

【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示他們把男女的婚齡降了下來，使出生率達到了20世紀的高峰。height是名詞，一般表示“高度”；high是形容詞，一般表示“很高的”，修飾名詞。

11.單選題

Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand（）.

問題1選項

A.privileges

B.possibilities

C.possessions

D.preferences

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。privilege“特權(quán)”；possibility“可能性”；possession“擁有，財產(chǎn)”；preference“偏愛，優(yōu)先權(quán)”。句意：調(diào)查結(jié)果描繪了一幅關(guān)于顧客購物習(xí)慣的獨特畫面，以及他們的動機和偏好。D項符合題意。

12.單選題

Wecan（

）broadlybetweentheintentionofknowing,andtheintentionofdoing,whichcorrespondroughlytotheconventionaldistinctionbetweenpureandappliedmathematics.

問題1選項

A.separate

B.extinguish

C.distinguish

D.disguise

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞辨析。separate“隔離”；extinguish“壓制”；distinguish“區(qū)分”；disguise“偽裝”。句意：我們可以大致區(qū)分為求知意圖和行為意圖，大約對應(yīng)傳統(tǒng)觀點對純理論數(shù)學(xué)和應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)的區(qū)分。選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Sheisagreatathlete.

B.Sheisafamedspeaker.

C.Sheisafamousscientist.

D.Sheisanotedinventor.

問題2選項

A.Howknowledgeofhumanbiochemistryhasbeenevolving.

B.Hownutritionhelpsathletes’performanceincompetitions.

C.Howscientifictrainingenablesathletestosetnewrecords.

D.Howtechnologyhashelpedathletestoscalenewheights.

問題3選項

A.Ourphysicalstructures.

B.Ourscientificknowledge.

C.Ourbiochemicalprocess.

D.Ourconceptofnutrition.

問題4選項

A.Itmayincreasetheexpensesofsportscompetitions.

B.Itmayleadtoathletes’overrelianceonequipment.

C.Itmaygiveanunfairadvantagetosomeathletes.

D.Itmaychangethenatureofsportscompetitions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Tonight,wehaveaveryspecialguest.[1]Mrs.AnnaSanchezisathree-timeOlympicchampionandauthorofthenewbookTotheEdge.Mrs.Sanchez,thankyouforjoiningus.

W:Thankyouforhavingme.

M:Let’sstartwithyourbook.Whatdoesthetitle“TotheEdge”mean?What’reyoureferringto?

W:[2]Thebookisabouthowscienceandtechnologyhashelpedpushhumanstotheedgeoftheirphysicalabilities.Iarguethatinthepast20years,we’vehadthebestathletestheworldhaseverseen.

M:Butisthisafaircomparison?Howdoyouknowhow,say,afootballplayerfrom50yearsagowouldcomparetoonetoday?

W:Well,youareright.Thatcomparisonwouldbeperhapsimpossibletomake.Butthepointismoreaboutourknowledgetodayofhumanbiochemistry,nutrition,andmechanics.[3]Ibelievethatwhileourbodieshavenotchangedinthousandsofyears,whathaschangedisthescientificknowledge.Thishasallowedathletestopushthelimitsofwhatwaspreviouslythoughtpossible.

M:That’sinteresting.Pleasetellusmoreabouttheseperceivedlimits.

W:Theworldisseeingsportsrecordsbeingbrokenthatcouldonlybebrokenwiththeaidoftechnology.Whetherthisbethespeedofatennisserveorthefastesttimeinahundred-meterdashortwo-hundred-meterswimmingrace.

M:[4]Isthereanyconcernthattechnologyisgivingsomeathletesanunfairadvantageoverothers?

W:Thatisaninterestingquestionandonethathastobeconsideredverycarefully.Skis,forexample,wentfrombeingmadeofwoodtoametalalloy,whichallowsforbettercontrolandfasterspeed.There’snostoppingtechnologicalprogress.But,asIsaid,eachsituationshouldbeconsideredcarefullyonacase-by-casebasis.

1.WhatdowelearnaboutAnnaSanchez?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于女士，我們可以了解到什么？對話開頭男士提到今天的嘉賓AnnaSanchez是三屆奧運會冠軍（athree-timeOlympicchampion），因此A選項“她是名出色的運動員”正確。B選項“她是一位著名的演說家”和D選項“她是一位著名的發(fā)明家”在錄音中沒有信息提及；C選項“她是一位著名的科學(xué)家”，主要是利用錄音中提到的science和scientific設(shè)干擾，錄音中女士雖然提及科學(xué)，但這是為了說明科技對體育的影響，并不是說明女士的身份，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthewoman’sbookmainlyabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問女士的書主要講什么？女士說這本書是關(guān)于科學(xué)和技術(shù)如何促使人類達到身體能力的極限。D選項“技術(shù)如何幫助運動員達到新的高度”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項“人類生物化學(xué)知識是如何進化的”和B選項“營養(yǎng)如何幫助運動員在比賽中的表現(xiàn)”雖然在錄音中有所提及，但不是這本書的主要內(nèi)容，因此均可排除；C選項“科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練如何使運動員創(chuàng)造新的紀錄”，錄音中并沒有提到training（訓(xùn)練），因此C選項也可排除。

3.Whathaschangedinthepastthousandsofyears?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問在過去的幾千年里發(fā)生了什么變化。女士提到，雖然人類的身體幾千年來都沒有改變，但改變的是科學(xué)知識（scientificknowledge），因此B選項“我們的科學(xué)知識”正確。A選項“我們的身體結(jié)構(gòu)”，錄音中明確提及人類身體是沒有發(fā)生改變的，因此排除A選項；C選項“我們的生化過程”和D選項“我們的營養(yǎng)觀念”，錄音中提及的是：如今關(guān)于人類生化學(xué)、營養(yǎng)學(xué)和力學(xué)的知識已發(fā)生變化。變化的是知識，并不是過程和觀念，因此均不正確。

4.Whatistheman’sconcernabouttheuseoftechnologyinsportscompetitions?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是關(guān)于在體育比賽中科技的運用，男士擔(dān)心什么？錄音最后，男士問是否有人擔(dān)心科技會給一些運動員帶來對其他運動員來說不公平的優(yōu)勢（anunfairadvantageoverothers），C選項“它可能給一些運動員不公平的優(yōu)勢”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項“可能增加體育比賽的費用”；B選項“可能導(dǎo)致運動員對設(shè)備的過度依賴”和D選項“可能會改變體育比賽的性質(zhì)”在錄音中均未提及，因此排除。

14.單選題

Thesaleofalcoholsbeveragesis（

）tothoseabove21insomeregions.

問題1選項

A.confined

B.inhibited

C.obliged

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。四個選項都有“限制”的意思，其中A選項confine暗示束縛性、限制性的或阻撓性的限制；B選項inhibit強調(diào)禁止、抑制；C選項oblige除了“限制”外，還有“迫使”的含義，D選項restrict指限制行為、活動、事物的范圍；句意是‘在有些地區(qū)，酒精飲料只能出售給21歲以上的成年人?！訢選項正確。

15.單選題

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.

Inherpaintings,KahlorepeatedlyemployedAztecsymbols,suchasskeletonsorbleedingheartsthatweretraditionallyrelatedtotheemanationoflifefromdeathandlightfromdarkness.TheseimagesofdestructioncoupledwithcreationspeaknotonlytoKahlo’spersonalbattleforlife,butalsototheMexicanstruggletoemergeasanation—byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.OntheUnitedStatessidearemechanisticandmodemimagessuchassmokestacks,lightbulbs,androbots.Incontrast,theorganicandancientsymbolsontheMexicanside—ablood-drenchedSun,lushvegetation,anAztecsculpture,apre-Columbiantemple,andaskullalludingtothosethatlinedthewallsofAztectemples—emphasizetheinterrelationoflife,death,theearth,andthecosmos.

KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.Heruseoffamiliarsymbolsinareadilyaccessiblestylealsoservedhergoalofbeingpopularlyunderstood;inturn,KahloisviewedbysomeMexicansasamythicfigurerepresentativeofnationalismitself.

31.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpsychoanalyticandpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo'sworkwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

33.WhichoneofthefollowingstancestowardtheUnitedStatesdoesthepassagementionascharacterizingMexicannationalistsintheearlytwentiethcentury?

34.Inthecontextofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedfortheword"romantic"（Paragraph2,Line7）withoutsubstantiallychangingtheauthor'smeaning?

35.ThepassageimpliesthatKahlo'sattitudetowardtheeconomicdevelopmentofMexicowas（）.

問題1選項

A.ThedoctrinesofMarxistideologyandMexicannationalismheavilyinfluencedMexicanpaintersofKahlo’sgeneration.

B.Kahlo’spaintingscontainnumerousreferencestotheAztecsasanindigenousMexicanpeoplepredatingEuropeaninfluence.

C.AnimportantelementofKahlo’sworkisconveyedbysymbolsthatreflectheradvocacyofindigenousMexicancultureandMexicanpoliticalautonomy.

D.TheuseofAztecimagesandsymbolsinKahlo’sartcanbetracedtothelatenineteenth-centuryrevivalofinterestinMexicanhistoryandculture.

問題2選項

A.ThepsychoanalyticinterpretationsofKahlo’sworktendtochallengethepoliticalinterpretations.

B.PoliticalandpsychoanalyticinterpretationsarenetplementaryapproachestoKahlo’swork.

C.RecentpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo’sworkarecausingpsychoanalyticcriticstorevisetheirowninterpretations.

D.Unlikethepoliticalinterpretations,thepsychoanalyticinterpretationsmakeuseofbiographicalfactsofKahlo’slife.

問題3選項

A.OppositiontoUnitedStatesinvolvementininternalMexicanaffairs.

B.DesiretodecreaseemigrationoftheMexicanlaborforcetotheUnitedStates.

C.DesiretoimproveMexico’seconomiccompetitivenesswiththeUnitedStates.

D.ReluctancetoimitatetheUnitedStatesmodelofrapidindustrialization.

問題4選項

A.Dreamyandescapist.

B.Nostalgicandidealistic.

C.Fancifulandimaginative.

D.Transcendentalandimpractical.

問題5選項

A.enthusiastic

B.condemnatory

C.cautious

D.noncommittal

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.文章主旨題。瀏覽全文，本文的主題人物是PainterFridaKahlo,全文的主題句為原文第一段最后一句，“YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.（然而，卡羅是一位熱情的政治活動家，在她的藝術(shù)中，她不僅尋求探索自己的根源，而且還支持墨西哥爭取獨立的政治和文化身份的斗爭。）”其中的關(guān)鍵詞為herart，politicalactivist和politicalandculturalidentity。從而得出本題答案。

32.

細節(jié)推斷題。原文第三段第二句中的byimplication體現(xiàn)了作者的想法，“byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.”而political與選項B重現(xiàn)；notonly...butalso...體現(xiàn)了Kahlo作品中Political和psychoanalytic為互相補充的關(guān)系。從而得出本題答案。

33.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theearlytwentiethcentury可定位原文第二段第二句。“InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.（19世紀，人們對墨西哥文化和歷史的興趣重新燃起，到20世紀初，墨西哥原住民主義的傾向從對阿茲特克墨西哥的強烈反西班牙理想化，到強調(diào)當代墨西哥印第安人是真正墨西哥文化的關(guān)鍵。）”從而得出本題答案。

34.語義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段最后一句?！癒ahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.”romantic的意思為“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”，根據(jù)原文中的traditional,ideal判斷得出本題答案。

35.

細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Kahlo’satti