考研考博-英語-中央音樂學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中央音樂學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Letusgetoutquickly.Itisnogood____time.

問題1選項

A.waste

B.towaste

C.wasting

D.tohavewasted

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.waste浪費B.towaste浪費

C.wasting浪費D.tohavewasted浪費

【答案】C

【考查點】固定搭配

【解題思路】本題考查的是固定句型：It/Thereisnogooddoingsth.=Itdoesnogoodtodosth.“做什么是沒用的。”因此，C選項wasting“浪費”，符合要求。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合句型搭配。

【句意】我們趕快出去。浪費時間是沒用的。

2.單選題

Accordingtothenewreport,13%ofAmericansareover65;thisnumberisprojectedtoreach22%bytheyear2030.

問題1選項

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.devised設(shè)計B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估計D.encountered遇到

【考查點】動詞辨析

【解題思路】原文指到2030年美國超過65歲的人的比例會達到22%，2030年是一個未來的年份，這個數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是預(yù)估的，C選項“估計”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被預(yù)測”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項devised“設(shè)計”，美國的人口構(gòu)成數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是自然發(fā)生的，不存在說被設(shè)計成多少；

B選項thrust“用力推”，不符合原句邏輯；

D選項encountered“遇到”，不符合原句邏輯。

【句意】根據(jù)這份新報告，13%的美國人超過65歲；預(yù)計到2030年，這一數(shù)字將達到22%。

3.翻譯題

30多年來，外商直接投資的引入不僅帶來了資金，更帶來了先進的技術(shù)設(shè)備、管理和經(jīng)營理念，有力地促進了中國經(jīng)濟制度、技術(shù)和管理創(chuàng)新。正因如此，我們在今年4月公開征求意見，對“自主創(chuàng)新”產(chǎn)品的認定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行了調(diào)整，上述結(jié)果說明，所有外國企業(yè)都得到了一視同仁的對待，他們的產(chǎn)品被視為“中國制造”，和中國企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品適用同樣的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則。自從加入世界貿(mào)易組織以來，中國不斷降低外資準(zhǔn)入門檻。1997年以來，我們4次修訂《外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄》。

(參考詞匯：self-dependentinnovative:consultation;rulesoforigin;entrythreshold)

【答案】

Overthelastthreedecades,foreigndirectinvestmenthasbroughtcapital,advancedtechnologiesandbusinessknow-howtoChina.WeunderstandthatFDIfostersinnovation.Thatiswhy,inApril,weheldapublicconsultationtoreviewthecriteriaweusetoaccredit“self-dependentinnovativeproducts”.Theresultsemphasizedthatallforeignenterprisesaregivenequaltreatmentandthatalltheirproductsareconsideredtobe“madeinChina”,whilethesamerulesoforiginareappliedtothemastoChineseproducts.SincejoiningtheWorldTradeOrganization,Chinahascontinuallyloweredtheentrythresholdforforeigninvestment.Since1997,wehaverevisedtheCatalogueofIndustriesforForeignInvestmentGuidancefourtimes.

4.單選題

Over-workingofthelandinsomecountrieshasledtosoil（

）ofnutrients,which,inturn,willleadtobarrenland.

問題1選項

A.repleted

B.grieved

C.depleted

D.deplored

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Replete“充滿的，裝滿的”，沒有單詞repleted；grieved“傷心的”；depleted“耗盡的，廢棄的”；deplored為動詞的過去式，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知此處應(yīng)填入形容詞作后置定語，修飾soil。句意：在一些國家，土地的過度耕作已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致土壤耗盡營養(yǎng)物，這反過來又會導(dǎo)致土地貧瘠。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

Inherlong,butultimatelytriumphantcareer,shehasbeenforcedtosmugglebirthcontrolsuppliesunderherclothing.

問題1選項

A.forceful

B.insightful

C.successful

D.influential

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項forceful“強有力的；有說服力的”；B選項insightful“有深刻見解的，富有洞察力的”；C選項successful“成功的；一帆風(fēng)順的”；D選項influential“有影響的；有勢力的”。句意：在她漫長但最終……職業(yè)生涯中，她被迫在衣服下走私節(jié)育用品。前面一部分都是用來形容career“職業(yè)生涯”long“漫長的”，在一個人的職業(yè)生涯中不可能永遠是一帆風(fēng)順的，中途也會遇到挫折。butultimately“但是最終”有轉(zhuǎn)折可以知道最后的結(jié)果是美好的。因此C選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（

）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。refreshing意為“使恢復(fù)精神，提醒”；restoring意為“修復(fù)，整修”，強調(diào)恢復(fù)原貌，一般指被毀壞的藝術(shù)品或建筑物；renovating意為“翻新，修復(fù)”，一般整修舊建筑物；renewing意為“重新開始，重申”。

句意：大量的工作已投入恢復(fù)大教堂以前的輝煌。

7.單選題

Thestudentsinthedormitorieswereforbidden,unlesstheyhadspecialpasses,

（）after11p.m.

問題1選項

A.stayingout

B.fromstayingout

C.againststayingout

D.tostayout

【答案】D

【解析】unlesstheyhadspecialpasses為插入語，可忽略不看。forbid的常用搭配是

forbidsb.todosth./forbiddoingsth.所以選項D正確。

8.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問題1選項

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“飆升，驟然上升”；B選項“突變，變成”；C選項“驟降，暴跌”；D選項“上下波動”，句意：根據(jù)最新的報告，上個月消費者信心指數(shù)（）驚人的15點，達到了9年來的最低水平。既然說了是最低水平，那么句意應(yīng)該是“下降了驚人的15個點”，因此C選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Thisspaciousroomis______furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.

問題1選項

A.lightly

B.hardly

C.sparsely

D.rarely

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.lightly輕柔地，輕微地B.hardly幾乎不，幾乎沒有

C.sparsely稀疏地；貧乏地D.rarely罕有，很少

【考查點】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后面的afew（幾個）說明是僅僅有少數(shù)幾件家具，東西不多，而sparsely表示數(shù)量少地，該題選擇C項恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項排除】

A項不符合句意；

B、D項含有否定的意思，與后面的justafewarticles（僅有幾件家具）不符合。

【句意】這個寬敞的房間只零星布置了幾件家具。

10.單選題

Mostpeoplewouldprobablyagreethatmanyindividualconsumeradvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.Bypicturingquiteunusuallyhappyandglamorouspeoplewhosesuccessineithercareerorsexualterms,orboth,isobvious,advertsconstructanimaginaryworldinwhichthereaderisabletomakecometruethosedesireswhichremainunsatisfiedinhisorhereverydaylife.

Anadvertforasciencefictionmagazineisunusuallyexplicitaboutthis.Inadditiontotheprimaryusevalueofthemagazine,thereaderispromisedaccesstoawonderfuluniversethroughtheproduct—accesstoothermysteriousandtantalizingworldsandepochs,therealmsoftheimagination.Whenstudyingadvertising,itisthereforeunreasonabletoexpectreaderstodecipheradvertsasfactualstatementsaboutreality.Mostadvertsarejusttoomeagerininformativecontentandtoorichinemotionalsuggestivedetailtobereadliterally.Ifpeoplereadthemliterally,theywouldsoonbeforcedtorealizetheirerrorwhentheglamorouspromisesheldoutbytheadvertsdidn'tmaterialize.

Theaverageconsumerisnotsurprisedthathispurchaseofthecommoditydoesnotredeemthepromiseoftheadvertisement,forthisiswhatheisusedtoinlife:theindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.Butthefantasyishistokeep;inhisdreamworldheenjoysa“futureendlesslydeferred”.

TheEstivaliaadvertisquiteexplicitaboutthefactthatadvertisingshowsusnotreality,butafantasy;itdoessobyopenlyadmittingthedaydreambutinawaythatinsistsontheexistenceofabridgelinkingdaydreamtoreality—Estivalia,whichis“fordaydreambelievers”,thosewhorefusetogiveuptryingtomakethehazyidealofnaturalbeautyandharmonycometrue.

Ifadvertsfunctiononthedaydreamlevel,itclearlybecomesinadequatetomerelycondemnadvertisingforchannelingreaders’attentionanddesirestowardsanunrealistic,paradisiacalnowhereland.Advertisingcertainlydoesthat,butinorderforpeopletofinditrelevant,theutopiavisualizedinadvertsmustbelinkedtooursurroundingrealitybyacasualconnection.

1.Thepeopleinadvertsareinmostcasesare（

）.

2.Whentheglamorouspromisesheldoutbytheadvertsdidn’tmaterialize,theaverageconsumerisnotsurprised,because

（

）.

3.What’sthebridgelinkingdaydreamtorealityinadverts?

4.Whatisthispassagemainlyconcernedwith?

問題1選項

A.happyandglamorous

B.successful

C.obvious

D.bothAandB

問題2選項

A.Theconsumerisusedtothefactthattheindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.

B.Advertsarefactualstatementsaboutreality.

C.Theconsumercancomeintotherealmsofimaginationpicturedbyadverts.

D.Advertscanmaketheconsumer’sdreamscometrue

問題3選項

A.Theproduct.

B.Estivalia.

C.Pictures.

D.Happyandglamorouspeople

問題4選項

A.Manyadvertscanbereadliterally.

B.Everyonehasadaydream.

C.Manyadvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.

D.Manyadvertsaredeceitfulbecausetheycannotmakegoodtheirpromises.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段中“Bypicturingquiteunusuallyhappyandglamorouspeoplewhosesuccessineithercareerorsexualterms,orboth,isobvious,advertsconstructanimaginaryworldinwhichthereaderisabletomakecometruethosedesireswhichremainunsatisfiedinhisorhereverydaylife.廣告通過描繪非常快樂和迷人的在事業(yè)或性方面的成功是顯而易見的，廣告構(gòu)建了一個想象的世界，在這個世界里，讀者能夠使那些在他或她的日常生活中仍未得到滿足的愿望成為現(xiàn)實。可知大多數(shù)廣告里的人們都是表現(xiàn)得快樂和迷人，并且成功的。故D項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第三段“...forthisiswhatheisusedtoinlife:theindividual’spursuitofhappinessandsuccessisusuallyinvain.這就是他過去所習(xí)慣的生活——追求個人幸福和成功通常是徒勞的?？芍狝項正確。答案A

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由倒數(shù)第二段中“...itdoessobyopenlyadmittingthedaydreambutinawaythatinsistsontheexistenceofabridgelinkingdaydreamtoreality—Estivalia...可知連接白日夢和現(xiàn)實之間的橋梁是Estivalia。故B項正確，答案B

第4題:主旨大意題。由第一段中“Mostpeoplewouldprobablyagreethatmanyindividualconsumeradvertsfunctiononthelevelofthedaydream.大多數(shù)人可能會同意，許多個人消費者廣告的功能在白日夢的水平。”與最后一段“Ifadvertsfunctiononthedaydreamlevel...如果廣告在白日夢層面發(fā)揮作用……?！笨芍疚闹饕v述了大部分廣告都有讓人做白日夢的功能。故C項正確。

11.單選題

Comparedtotheangry,blamingAmericanstance,theChinesewereparagonsofcompromise,findingfaultonbothsidesandlookingforsolutionsthatmovedbothsidestothemiddle.

問題1選項

A.facilitators

B.inheritors

C.predecessors

D.models

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞paragons意為“模范；完美之物”；A選項“facilitators”意為“服務(wù)商；促進者”；B選項“inheritors”意為“繼承人；后繼者”；C選項“predecessors”意為“前任，前輩”；D選項“models”意為“模型；典型；模范；樣式”。句意：與美國人憤怒、指責(zé)的立場相比，中國人是和解的典范，他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方的問題，尋找能讓雙方走到中間的方案。由題干可知，lookingforsolutionsthatmovedbothsidestothemiddle（尋找能讓雙方和解的方案）說明中國一貫的做法都是妥協(xié)，尋找讓雙方和解的方法。可推測出中國是和解的典范。由此可知，paragons在此處最可能是“模范”的意思。因此D選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Manyforeignstudentshavethe（

）beliefthatBritishEnglishissomehowmorepureandperfectthanAmericanEnglish.

問題1選項

A.indistinct

B.subjective

C.erroneous

D.communistic

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。indistinct“不清楚的，模糊的”；subjective“主觀的”；erroneous“錯誤的”；communistic“共產(chǎn)主義的”。句意：英式英語較美式英語更加純正、更加完美。根據(jù)常識，這一觀點是錯誤的。選項C符合句意。

13.單選題

Accordingtothe“Geneva（）’’noprisonersofwarshallbesubjecttoabuse.

問題1選項

A.Customs

B.Congresses

C.Conventions

D.Routines

【答案】C

【解析】固定用法。GenevaConventions指的是“日內(nèi)瓦公約”。

14.單選題

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto（）addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

問題1選項

A.clarify

B.identify

C.justify

D.magnify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項clarify表示“澄清，闡明”；B選項identify表示“確定，鑒定，識別”；C選項justify表示“證明合法，替……辯護”；D選項magnify表示“方大，贊美，夸大”。

由句意可知，購票者可以在網(wǎng)上購票平臺確定附加費。因此本題正確答案為B選項。

15.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed45minutestowriteashortessayofabout300wordsfollowingthepicturegivenbelow:(1)Describethepicture.(2)Giveyouropinion.WritetheessayontheANSWERSHEET(2)only.

【答案】Ascanbeseenfromthepicture,anoldfatherissittingaloneinsofA.Therearetwobirthdaygiftsfromhisoldestsonandsecondson,butnochildrenkeepcompanywiththeoldman.

Thepicturereflectsacommonsocialphenomenonfromanangle—peopletendtocaremoreforthenextgeneration,andregretfully,notafewyoungcouplesneglecttoshowthesameconcernovertheiroldparents,andsomeofthemeventreattheiroldparentsbadly.

Frommypointofview,whatwecandoisstrikeabetterbalancebetweenthetwopoles:thechildrenandtheparents.Torespectandtakegoodcareofoldparentsisourdueresponsibility,whichhasbeenahighlyprizedvirtueamongtheChineseforovertwothousandyears.Ontheonehand,wearesupposedtoplanthetimewisely.Afterspendingmostoftimeonschoolassignmentsandhomework,wecanspendonehourortwoontheInternetaweek.Asahighschoolstudent,toomuchtimespentonlinewillleadtofailureinexams.Busyasweare,weshouldbynomeansneglecttoofferouroldparentsmaterialandemotionalsupports.Ontheotherhand,weareexpectedtoofferhelpstoourparentsratherthanwaitfortheirasking.Moreimportant,weshouldbealwaysreadytotalkwithourparents,whichcaneasetheirmindsandremovestheworries.Onlyinthiswaycanaharmoniousatmospherebecreatedinthefamilylife.Lastly,weshouldalwaysrememberthatwhatyouhavedoneforyouroldparentsisnotonlyarepaymenttothem,butalsoagoodexampletoeducateyourownchildren.

Itisnotdifficultindoingtheseeasythings,orwewilllosethechancetolovethemforever.

16.單選題

Studieshaveshownthatworkers’desiretobeacceptedbyco-workerscould（

）themmorestronglythanthedesiretoearnmoremoney.

問題1選項

A.hamper

B.motivate

C.intervene

D.streamline

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。A選項hamper“妨礙，束縛”；B選項motivate“刺激，激勵”；C選項intervene“干涉”；D選項streamline“使成流線型”；句意是‘研究表明，對工人們來說，想要被同事認可的欲望比掙錢的欲望更…?！鶕?jù)strongly和常識可以確定是‘更激勵的’，所以B選項。

17.單選題

Ican（）thehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean.

問題1選項

A.putinfor

B.putupwith

C.putdown

D.putacross

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。putinfor“申請”；putupwith“容忍，忍受”；putdown“記下，放下”；putacross“圓滿完成，使被接受”。句意：我可以忍受房子不整潔，但是我討厭房子不干凈。選項B符合題意。

18.單選題

ItisMr.YorkwhobangsthedruminJohnKirkpatrick'sapparentlyauthentic,andcertainlysuitablebandmusic.

問題1選項

A.genuine

B.reliable

C.honest

D.automatic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項genuine“真實的，真正的；誠懇的”；B選項reliable“可靠的；可信賴的”；C選項honest“誠實的，實在的；可靠的；坦率的”；D選項automatic“自動的；無意識的；必然的”。句意：約克先生在約翰?柯克帕特里克(JohnKirkpatrick)的音樂中敲起了鼓，這顯然是真實的，當(dāng)然也是合適的樂隊音樂。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞authentic“真正的，真實的；可信的”，得知A為正確答案。

19.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion--aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbonds(關(guān)系)amongmembersofgroups.Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,動力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife--fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivityarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman'ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問題1選項

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問題3選項

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thecapacitytowork

C.thestimulustowork

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects.

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained.

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements.

D.theyproducemorelovethanhateamongpeople.

問題5選項

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpustoadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能無法活下去:既不知道快樂也不知道恐懼，他們可能會重復(fù)對自己有益的行為，也會重復(fù)對自己有害的行為。”言下之意就是人們不知道什么事情對自己有益處，什么事情有害，所以選項B正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們無法學(xué)習(xí):他們無法從經(jīng)驗中獲益，因為這個沒有感情的世界將缺乏獎賞和懲罰?？芍藗儚莫勝p和懲罰中學(xué)習(xí)。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段“Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,動力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會的經(jīng)濟支柱將會被毀滅，因為掙1000萬美元并不會比掙10美元帶來更多快樂，沒有了工作的動力。事實上，任何事情的動力都沒有了，因為我們知道動力反映了享受它們的能力?！笨芍?jīng)濟的支柱是工作的動力，故C項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.我們對事物和事件的情感體驗會產(chǎn)生一種社會認同感，認為某些事物和行為是"好的"而另一些是"壞的"。事實上，社會利用我們的情感反應(yīng)和態(tài)度，如忠誠、道德、驕傲、羞恥、內(nèi)疚、恐懼和貪婪，來維持自身?！笨芍狟項“它們是維持社會認同感的基礎(chǔ)?！闭_。

5.推理判斷題。由第二段Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.為個體，我們會根據(jù)我們的情緒對物體進行分類。誠然，我們會考慮物體的長度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地，但它對我們做了什么或能做什么更重要——傷害我們、讓我們驚訝、憤怒或高興?！笨芍矬w的情感方面能夠引導(dǎo)我們?nèi)フ{(diào)整自己的行為以便更好地適應(yīng)周圍的環(huán)境。故D項正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

20.單選題

DearSirs,

Yourshipmentoftwelvethousand“Smart”watcheswasreceivedbyourcompanythismorning.However,wewishtomakeanumberofcomplaintsconcerningtheseriousdelayindeliveryandyourfailuretocarryoutourspecificinstructionswithregardtothisorder.

Itwasstressedfromthebeginningthatthedeliverydatehadtobelessthansixweeksfromtheinitialorder,inordertomeetourowncustomers’requirements.Whileweunderstandthatdelaysinproductionareoccasionallyinevitable,wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.Latedeliveryofthegoodshascausedustodisappointseveralofourmostvaluedcustomers,andisboundtohaveanegativeeffectonpotentialfutureorders.

Thesecondcomplaintconcernsthedifferenceincolorbetweenthewatchesweorderedandthosedelivered.Itwasstatedclearlyintheoriginalorderthatwatchesincombinationsofgreen/purpleandorange/purpleonlywererequired.However,onlyhalfthewatchesinthedeliveryreceivedareofthecolorsspecified.OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.Anywatchesthatarenotofthespecifiedcolorswill,ofcourse,bereturnedtoyou.

Wearealsosomewhatconcernedabouttheratherpoorqualityofthegoodsreceived,sinceitisapparentthatthewatchesthatfinallyarrivedhavebeenproducedfrominferiormaterialsandhavebeenmanufacturedtoalowerstandardthanthoseinthesample.Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear,butweshouldliketopointoutthatwefeelthismattertobeentirelyyourresponsibility.

Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedtoreconsiderwhetheranyfurtherordersshouldbeplacedwithyourcompany.

Welookforwardtoyourpromptreply.

Yourssincerely,

JohnSmith

1.Themanufacturersof“Smart”watchesweregiventheorderbecause（）.

2.Receivingwatchesinthewrongcolorsisaproblembecause（）.

3.“Thelatterproblem”inparagraph4refersto（）.

4.Thelastsentenceofparagraph5“Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedto...withyourcompany”suggeststhat（）.

5.Thepurposeofthisletteristo（）.

問題1選項

A.theyproducedthebestwatchesofitskindintheworld

B.theywatcheswouldbeeasytomakeandthedesignswerealreadyprepared

C.theypromisedtheycouldproduceenoughstocksquitequickly

D.theyclaimedtheorderwouldbeeasysincethewatcheswerealreadyinstock

問題2選項

A.theHongKongagentstressedtheneedtofulfilltheorderexactly

B.thesewatcheswillbedifficulttosell

C.thesewatcheswillnotbeabletogetintothelimitedmarket

D.peoplewillnotbuythewatchesatpresent

問題3選項

A.thepoorqualityofthegoods

B.theuseofinferiormaterials

C.thelowstandardofmanufacture

D.someofthewatchesnotworking

問題4選項

A.thecompanymaystoptradingwiththewatchmanufacturers

B.thecompanywillprobablyreducethenumberofwatchestobeorderedinthefuture

C.thewriterisafraidtheircompanymightgooutofbusinesssoon

D.thecompanyisprobablywillingtogivethemanufacturesanotherchance

問題5選項

A.askforpromptreply

B.blamethemanufacturersforlatedelivery

C.complainofsomeproblemsconcerningthewatches

D.threatentocanceltheorders

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干：“智能”手表的制造商接到這個訂單是因為_______。通過題干的內(nèi)容定位到第二段wemustpointoutthatthemajorreasonwhytheorderwasplacedwithyourcompanywasbecausewewereassuredbyyouofitsspeedofdelivery,andthatyourexistingstocksweresufficientlyhightoensureimmediateshipment.（我們必須指出，向貴公司訂貨的主要原因是貴公司向我們保證交貨速度快，而貴公司現(xiàn)有庫存充足，足以確保立即裝運。），可知D選項“他們聲稱這個訂單很容易，因為這些手表已經(jīng)有庫存了”符合題意。選項A“他們生產(chǎn)了世界上這種類型最好的手表”，B選項“這些手表制作起來很容易，設(shè)計也已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了”，A，B選項內(nèi)容文章并沒有提及，所以不正確，C選項“他們承諾他們可以很快生產(chǎn)出足夠的庫存”，與文中快速交貨的內(nèi)容不符，排除C選項。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項。

2.事實細節(jié)題。題干：收到顏色不對的手表是個問題，因為_______。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞“color”定位到第三段OurHongKongagentassuresusthatshestressedtoyoutheimportanceoffollowingourinstructionsprecisely,sinceweconsidertheretobeonlyalimitedmarketinthiscountryforwatchesofothercolorsatthepresenttime.（我們的香港代理人向我們保證，她曾向你方強調(diào)，必須嚴格按照我們的指示行事，因為我們認為目前其他顏色的手表在該國市場有限。），說明這些手表在該國市場小，難賣出去，故B選項“這些手表很難賣出去”正確，A選項“香港代理強調(diào)需要準(zhǔn)確的完成訂單”，文章有提及，但是并不是需要收到準(zhǔn)確顏色手表的原因，故排除，C選項“這些手表將無法進入有限的市場”，和文章表達的其他顏色的手表在該國市場有限有出入，所以不正確。D選項“人們現(xiàn)在不會買手表”，屬于無中生有。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

3.事實細節(jié)題。題干：文章第四段的“Thelatterproblem”指的是________。由題干可以定位到文章第四段Wehavealsofoundthatanumberofthewatchesdonotappeartobefunctioning.Whetherthelatterproblemisduetopoormanufactures,damageduringtransportationorbadbatteriesisnotyetclear（我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)一些手表似乎不工作。目前尚不清楚后一種情況是由于生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量差，運輸過程中損壞，還是電池損壞造成的），所以這里的“Thelatterproblem”指的是手表似乎不工作，與D選項“有些手表似乎不工作”表達的意思一致，A選項“產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比較差”，B選項“使用劣質(zhì)的材料”，C選項“生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低”，這三個選項都是收到產(chǎn)品的問題，但并不是latterproblem指代的內(nèi)容。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D。

4.推理判斷題。題干：文章第五段的最后一句話“當(dāng)然，我們也不得不……和你們公司”，意味著_________?？梢远ㄎ坏轿恼碌谖宥蔚膬?nèi)容Asaresultoftheaboveproblems,therefore,wefeelthatthemostsuitablecourseofactionistoreturntoyouunpaidanyofthegoodsconsideredunsatisfactory,andtosubtractanyresultantcostsfromourfinalsettlement.Weshallalso,ofcourse,beforcedtoreconsiderwhetheranyfurtherordersshouldbeplacedwithyourcompany.（因此，由于上述問題的結(jié)果，我們認為最合適的行動方案是將任何未付款的被認為不令人滿意的貨物退還給你，并從我們的最終結(jié)算中減去任何由此產(chǎn)生的費用。當(dāng)然，我們也不得不重新考慮是否要向貴公司下進一步的訂單。），該段明確指出，由于上述問題，會退還一部分的貨物，并且考慮是否要向貴公司下進一步的訂單，所以A“該公司可能會停止與手表制造商的貿(mào)易”正確，B選項“該公司將來可能會減少手表的訂購數(shù)量”，該公司現(xiàn)在就會退還一部分貨物，并將來可能會終止合作，所以B選項不正確，C選項“作者擔(dān)心他們的公司可能會很快破產(chǎn)”，文中沒有提到作者對于其公司的態(tài)度，排除。D選項“公司可能愿意再給制造商一次機會”，沒有提到愿不愿意給機會讓制造商改進問題，綜上所述，本題的正確答案為A選項。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。題干：這封信的目的是______。文章開頭就提到，制造商的貨物已經(jīng)收到，明確表達這封信的目的就是對于交貨的延遲以及沒有遵循其明確的指示表示幾點抱怨。第一段是抱怨交貨時間推遲，第二段是抱怨手表顏色不對，第三段是抱怨質(zhì)量問題。所以整篇文章目的就是向供貨商抱怨手表的問題，所以C選項“抱怨關(guān)于手表的一些問題”正確。

21.單選題

Thelecturerwanderedfromhistextto（）onapointthathadobviouslycaughthisaudience’sinterest.

問題1選項

A.elaborate

B.interrupt

C.explain

D.emphasize

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項elaborate“詳細說明，闡述；詳盡計劃（常與on連用）”；B選項interrupt“中斷；打斷；插嘴；妨礙”；C選項explain“說明；解釋”；D選項emphasize“強調(diào)，著重”。句意：這位演講者離開他的正文，去詳盡闡述明顯讓他的觀眾感興趣的一個觀點。結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。

22.單選題

Asasalesman,heworksona(n)（）basis,taking10%ofeverythinghesells.

問題1選項

A.income

B.commission

C.salary

D.pension

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下半句句意：從他銷售的每件商品中抽取10%。由此推斷，填空處應(yīng)該指傭金，所以選項B正確。pension指退休金，撫恤金。

23.單選題

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

問題1選項

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項perceive“察覺；理解；認知”；B選項deceive“欺騙；行騙”；C選項conceive“懷孕；構(gòu)思；持有”；D選項receive“收到；接待；接納”。句意：……他的腿有點瘸，所以我放慢了腳步?！拔摇狈怕_步是因為“發(fā)現(xiàn)、察覺”他腿腳不便，因此A選項正確。

24.單選題

Hefeltarepugnanceforthecitybecauseitwasheavilyundertheinfluenceofforeigners,whomheconsideredtobecorruptand（）.

問題1選項

A.unscrupulous

B.withprinciples

C.inprinciple

D.outofprinciple

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項unscrupulous“寡廉鮮恥，不講道德的”；B選項withprinciples“符合原則的”；C選項inprinciple“大體上，原則上”；D選項outofprinciple“背離原則”。根據(jù)題干，可知此處應(yīng)當(dāng)填入一個形容詞，且含有貶義，因此推測A選項正確。句意：他對這座城市感到厭惡因為這城市受外國人影響太嚴重了，而他眼中的外國人是墮落而又……。因此A選項正確。

25.單選題

Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlingsdowntothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.Aformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbe