考研考博-英語-徐州工業(yè)職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-徐州工業(yè)職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordtablefollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthetableisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthetablemorethanonce.

Theearliest（1）abouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph'saccuracytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartas（2）frommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywas（3）withthestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthe（4）thatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographers（5）thatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyis（6）establishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariously（7）tobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anything（8）makingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.Itshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakefor（9）theconceptofartimposedbythe（10）ofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

問題1選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題2選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題3選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題4選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題5選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題6選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題7選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題8選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題9選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

問題10選項

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:C

第3題:I

第4題:A

第5題:E

第6題:B

第7題:M

第8題:K

第9題:L

第10題:D

【解析】第1題:1.由下文“whether….”可知此空填controversies正確，句意：最早關于攝影和藝術關系的爭論集中在…

2.bedistinctfrom“與…不同”。

3.beidenticalwith“與…一致”。

4.由that….可知此空指有人指責。句意：有人指責攝影是沒有靈魂的、對現(xiàn)實的機械復制…

5.此空應填一個動詞，句意：攝影師們宣稱，這是一種特殊的觀看方式，是對平庸視覺的反抗，是一種與繪畫同等價值的藝術。

6.由ironically以及后半句句意可知此處意為：具有諷刺意味的是，現(xiàn)在攝影被安全地確立為一門藝術，許多攝影師認為它自命不凡或與此標簽不相關。

7.claimtodosth“聲稱做某事”。

8.anythingbut“根本不，決不”。

9.takeforgranted“認為是理所當然的”。

10.此處要填名詞。句意：它顯示了他們僅僅把現(xiàn)代主義勝利強加的藝術概念視為理所當然的程度：藝術越好，對藝術的傳統(tǒng)目標就越有顛覆性。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

第6題:

第7題:

第8題:

第9題:

第10題:

2.單選題

Wagneronce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofmusicthatwaspopularwiththeyoungpeople.

問題1選項

A.merged

B.constituted

C.partitioned

D.collaborated

【答案】D

【解析】句意:瓦格納曾與另一位音樂家合作創(chuàng)作了一首深受年輕人歡迎的音樂。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應動詞的過去式。merge合并，吞沒;constitute組成，建立；partition分割，分隔，區(qū)分；collaborate合作，勾結，通敵。

3.單選題

________arepoorobserversoftheirchild’sbehavior,sodeviantbehaviorreachesunmanageableproportions.

問題1選項

A.Parentsthat

B.Parents

C.Whenparents

D.Ifparents

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞。句意：因為父母不善于觀察孩子的行為，所以離譜的行為將會到達一個難以掌控的比例。這個句子關鍵詞是連詞so，我們要連接兩個完整的句子，所以答案選B；其他選項與題干結合都是把前面一半句當成從句看待，從句不能算是真正意義上的句子只能在句子中充當某個成分，所以A，C，D選項不能選。

4.單選題

Farmersstreamedtothewest,fillingfrontierlandswithstunningrapidity.

問題1選項

A.predictable

B.impressive

C.famous

D.gradual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項predictable“可預言的”，B項impressive“給人以深刻印象的”，C項famous“著名的，極好的”，D項gradual“逐漸的，平緩的”。句意：農民們涌向西部，以驚人的速度填滿了邊境土地。stunning在句中表示“驚人的”，四個選項中意思與之相近的是B項。因此，該題選擇B項。

5.案例題

Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.

"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."

White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."

Stinginthetail

AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.

Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.

TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.

Dramaticshift

Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"-ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.

Lingeringracism

IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots（同胞）?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic（有魅力的）blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.

InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.

Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.

Dropinbias

BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.

Talkinghonestly

"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.

Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.

Hugeobstacles

Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient（出色的）image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."

ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.

Beyondrace

Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?

AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious（隱伏的）side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.

1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?

A.Excited.

B.Victorious.

C.Anxious.

D.Relieved.

2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether.

A.shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B.shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C.shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D.shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?

A.RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B.Thepowerofrolemodels.

C.Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D.ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat.

A.blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B.whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

C.Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D.Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests

5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?

A.Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B.Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

C.Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D.Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat.

A.morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B.relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C.peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D.whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat.

A.Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B.Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C.racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D.blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation

8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton(

).

9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's(

).

10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial(

).

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.B

4.D

5.A

6.C

7.C

8.ourviewsofwomen

9.politicalsentiment

10.stereotypes

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內容可知，當ErinWhite聽到Obama成功贏得選舉的消息，她感覺到肩上的擔子減輕了。選項D符合原文。

根據(jù)第二段ErinWhite說的話“Buttherehad...gosofar.”可知，她總是被一些問題所困擾，比如是否能成為自己想成為的人，在人生路上能走多遠。選項B符合原文。

3根據(jù)第四段的第一句“AshbyPlantis...totesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.”所以選項B正確。

4.

根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.”以及第四段提到的howthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.可知，選項D正確。

5.

根據(jù)關鍵詞“preliminaryresults”定位到Dropinbias這一部分的內容，本段最后一句“hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.”所以選項A與原文相符。

6.

根據(jù)關鍵詞“negativeside”定位到Talkinghonestly這一部分的內容“TheObamaeffect...beforetheelection.”，選項C符合原文。

7.

根據(jù)關鍵詞“CherylKaiser”定位到Hugeobstacles這一部分的內容，“wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife.”選項C符合原文。

8.

根據(jù)關鍵詞“Effron”定位到“Hugeobstacles”這一部分第三段Effron說的內容“There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected”.。

9.

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內容“Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps.”。

10.

根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes.”。

6.單選題

Shecontrivedtogetaglimpseofthelightoftruthhereandthere,andhopedthat（）raymightsufficetoguideher.

問題1選項

A.scant

B.scarce

C.meager

D.sparse

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項scant“不足的，缺乏的”，強調的是勉強足夠的；B選項scarce“缺乏的，稀有的”，強調的是“稀缺、珍貴”；C選項meager“貧乏的”，多指收入微??；D選項sparse“稀疏的，稀少的”，強調人煙稀少，資源匱乏。句意：她設法在各處瞥見一點真理的光芒，希望那微弱的光芒足以引導她。這里強調的是勉強足夠的，所以選項A更符合語境。

7.單選題

Mostofthecivilservantsinvolvedintheaffairhavebeensuccessfully（）andsentenced.

問題1選項

A.prosecuted

B.propagated

C.persecuted

D.precipitated

【答案】A

【解析】prosecute"起訴,告發(fā)";propagate"傳播,傳送;繁殖";persecute"迫害,困擾";precipitate"使沉淀;促成"。句意：大部分涉案公務員已被成功檢控和判刑。選項A符合句意。

8.翻譯題

機器人我們正生活在一個機器人承擔許多工作的時代。機器人可以制造汽車、駕駛飛機和處理賬單。

不過這些機器人并不是人形機器。它們的外形并不像我們。它們是特別制造出來代替人做某些工作的機器，可以給它們以任何適宜的外形。機器人的“腦子”是一部電腦，它能夠儲存指令，并能夠控制其它部件。機器人有手臂，能夠做人用手干的多種工作。例如，機器人可以在汽車裝配線上焊接車身和噴漆。

使用機器人比使用工人的優(yōu)越之處是它們可以不停地長時間工作，它們從不疲勞，而工作的準確性卻始終如一。它們可以在人無法忍受的條件下工作，如有高溫、有強烈的噪音或是有危險射線的場合，隨著機器人數(shù)量的增加，它們的制造成本也會下降。

盡管機器人正在迅速承擔工業(yè)中的許多工作，但要在家里做家務活卻似乎還差得很遠。問題在于即使干一半的家務活也需要有一個非常復雜、非常昂貴的機器人。

【答案】Robot9.翻譯題

除了干旱時期，人們從不把水看成是寶貴的自然資源。誠然，水不是世界上的稀有之物。地球表面百分之七十被水覆蓋。在有可靠供水系統(tǒng)的城區(qū)，很少有人感到缺水。因為我們想當然地以為水與空氣一樣不值錢，什么地方都有。然而部分因為人口增加，部分因為可怕的浪費，在當今世界的許多地方，供水已成為一大挑戰(zhàn)。它已經是一個不可置之不理的嚴重問題。

【答案】Inadditiontothedryperiod,peoplehaveneverregardedwaterasavaluablenaturalresource.Itistruethatwaterisnotararethingintheworld.Seventypercentoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.Inthecitywithreliablewatersupplysystem,fewpeoplefeelwatershortage.Wetakeitforgrantedthatwaterisnomorevaluablethanairandcanfindwatereverywhere.However,partlybecauseoftheincreaseinpopulation,andpartlybecauseoftheterriblewaste,watersupplyhasbecomeabigchallengeinmanypartsoftheworld.Thisisaseriousproblemthatcannotbeignored.

10.單選題

Criticscalledtheproposala（）gamethatisnoteasilyrecognizable.

問題1選項

A.board

B.ball

C.home

D.shell

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項board“木板，甲板，膳食，董事長”；B選項ball“球，舞會”；C選項home“家，住宅，產地，家鄉(xiāng)，避難所”；D選項shell“殼，貝殼，炮彈，外形”。shellgame為固定搭配，意為“騙局”。句意：批評人士稱該提議是一場難以辨認的騙局。因此C答案正確。

11.單選題

Insomesocieties,whenpeopleexchangegifts,thegiverwillsayhisgiftisoflessvalue,whilethereceiver_______itsvalue.

問題1選項

A.magnifies

B.manipulates

C.abandon

D.abbreviate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“magnifies”意為“放大；贊美；夸大”；B選項“manipulates”意為“操縱；操作；巧妙地處理；篡改”；C選項“abandon”意為“遺棄；離開；放棄；終止；陷入”；D選項“abbreviate”意為“縮寫，使省略；使簡短”。句意：在某些社會中，當人們交換禮物時，送禮者會說他的禮物價格低廉，而收禮的人會夸大禮物的價值。由題干可知，while表示前后構成了對比關系，前文說送禮者貶低價格，那么收禮者就是夸大價格。因此A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

IamtoldthatProfessorAtkinshasalreadyvisitedthissiteforfivetimessincetheareawasopenedtogeologistsin2007.

問題1選項

A.Iamtold

B.hasalreadyvisited

C.forfivetimes

D.wasopenedtogeologists

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。opened應改為open,beopento對…開放。

13.單選題

Ihaveaskedalotofpeople,but（）ofthemknew（）aboutsuchathing.

問題1選項

A.not...everything

B.neither...something

C.none...anything

D.afew...nothing

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。afew用于肯定，故排除D項。能與of連用的只有none。anything用于否定。故C項正確。句意：我問了許多人，但是沒有人知道這件事。

14.問答題

SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorceratein

A

B

theworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope.Contrary

C

tofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;Although/While

【解析】考查連詞。由“theUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld（美國的離婚率仍然是世界上最高的，這一點令人懷疑）”和“thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope（在歐洲，離婚率的暫時下降并沒有達到同樣的程度）”可知此處表示轉折關系，故用although或while。

15.單選題

Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”

A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.

WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.

Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.

Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.

Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.

“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.

Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“l(fā)ikegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.

Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.

Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”

Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”

TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.

Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.

“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.

Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.

Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.

“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”

Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.

1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat（）.

2.JulesLodish（）.

3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT

（）.

4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?

問題1選項

A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantly

B.makeseverymusclestopmovinggradually

C.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStates

D.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured

問題2選項

A.wantstocommitsuicide

B.supportsanOregonlaw

C.determinedtolivelonger

D.isbecomingunconscious

問題3選項

A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare

B.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness

C.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem

D.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound

問題4選項

A.ishavingexperthelp

B.knowshowtocopewiththedisease

C.iswell-equippedwithadvanceddevices

D.oftencommunicateswithotherpeople

問題5選項

A.Treatingalotofcancerpatients.

B.Devisinghisowntreatmentplan.

C.Providingmedicalconsultation.

D.Communicatingwithmanypeople.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle（A.L.S是一種漸進性的麻痹性疾病，幾乎使每一塊肌肉都停止活動）”和第二段“A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.（肌萎縮性側索硬化癥或盧伽雷氏癥，常被描述為一種活死人。身體會變得松弛，而頭腦卻保持完整和敏銳的意識。）”，由此可推斷出肌萎縮性側索硬化癥使肌肉病變會有一個循序漸進的過程。A選項“使人立即癱瘓”說法錯誤；B選項“使每一塊肌肉逐漸停止活動”符合題意；C選項“在美國是高度傳染性的”和D選項“是由基因決定的，不能治愈”文章都沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:Istilllookforwardtoday.（但當人們問洛迪什對自己的生活有何感想時，他的眼神流露出了身體所沒有的那種強烈感，他回答說：我仍然期待著。）”和第四段“l(fā)essisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.（但對于那些像洛迪什醫(yī)生一樣想要活下去的病人，人們卻知之甚少。）”，由此可推斷出Dr.Lodish雖然被肌肉萎縮性側索硬化癥折磨，但他仍不失積極樂觀的心態(tài)，對生活充滿期待，決定好好生活與病魔抗爭到底。A選項“想自殺”說法錯誤；B選項“支持俄勒岡州一項（允許醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺的）法律”文章沒有提到；C選項“決心活得更長”符合題意；D選項“正在變得失去意識”說法錯誤。因此C選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“What