考研考博-英語-成都工業(yè)職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-成都工業(yè)職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.不定項選擇題

TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.Themoonmaybedividedintotwomajorterrains:themaria(darklowlands)andtheterrace(brighthighlands).Thecontrastinthereflectivity(thecapabilityofreflectinglight)ofthesetwoterrainssuggestedtomanyearlyobserversthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions,andthissuppositionwasconfirmedbymissionstotheMoonsuchasSurveyorandApollo.Oneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessofthemariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters;thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters(greaterthan40-50kmindiameter),whilethecratersofthemariatendtobemuchsmaller.ItisnowknownthatthevastmajorityoftheMoon’scraterswereformedbytheimpactofsolidbodieswiththelunarsurface.

MostofthenearsideoftheMoonwasthoroughlymappedandstudiedfromtelescopicpicturesyearsbeforetheageofspaceexploration.Earth-basedtelescopescanresolveobjectsassmallasafewhundredmetersonthelunarsurface.Closeobservationofcraters,combinedwiththewaytheMoondiffuselyreflectssunlight,ledtotheunderstandingthattheMooniscoveredbyasurfacelayer,orregolith,whichoverliesthesolidrockoftheMoon.Telescopicimagespermittedthecatalogingofabewilderingarrayoflandforms.Craterswerestudiedforcluestotheirorigin,thelargecircularmariaweremapped.Wispymarksonthesurface(knownasrays)emanatingfromcertaincraterswereseen.Strange,sinuousfeatureswereobservedinthemaria.Althoughvariouslandformswerecatalogued,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.

Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcraterswithdiametersoflessthan10-15kmhaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaverimcreststhatareelevatedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl-shapedinteriors,anddepthsthatareaboutone-fifthtoone-sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theunderlinedword“undergone”inLine1isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,themariadifferfromtheterracemainlyintermsof（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagelunarresearchershavefocusedmostlyon（

）.

5.Thepassageprobablycontinueswithadiscussionof（

）.

問題1選項

A.WhatastronomerslearnedfromtheSurveyorandApollospacemissions.

B.CharacteristicsofthemajorterrainsoftheMoon.

C.TheoriginoftheMoon’scraters.

D.TechniquesusedtocataloguetheMoon’slandforms.

問題2選項

A.altered

B.substituted

C.experienced

D.preserved

問題3選項

A.age

B.mannerofcreation

C.size

D.composition

問題4選項

A.thepossibilityoffindingwaterontheMoon

B.thelunarregolith

C.catalogingvariouslandformations

D.cratersandtheirorigins

問題5選項

A.thereasonscratersaredifficulttostudy

B.thedifferentshapes

C.somefeaturesoflargecraters

D.somedifferenceinthewayssmallandlargecraterswereformed

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。A選項“天文學家從勘測者號和阿波羅號太空任務中學到了什么”；B選項“月球主要地形的特征”；C選項“月球隕石坑的起源”：D選項“用來記錄月球地貌的技術”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句話TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.（月球經(jīng)歷了獨特而復雜的地質歷史，呈現(xiàn)出驚人的外觀。）第二段倒數(shù)第一二句話Strange,sinuousfeatureswereobservedinthemaria.Althoughvariouslandformswerecatalogued,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.（在月海中觀察到奇怪的、彎曲的特征。雖然有各種各樣的地貌，但天文學家的注意力主要集中在隕石坑和它們的起源上。）從這里可以看出文章都是圍繞著月球的地形地貌展開的，所以答案選B；C選項只是提及沒有具體展開講，而且文章不止講了月球上的隕石坑還有相當一部分內容是講的月海（maria），所以不能選，A、D選項不符合題意。

第2題:詞義推測題。A選項“改變”；B選項“取代”；C選項“經(jīng)歷”；D選項“保存”。第一段第一句話TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.（月球經(jīng)歷了獨特而復雜的地質歷史，呈現(xiàn)出驚人的外觀）。從這句undergone的意思是經(jīng)歷，這個和選項C相近，所以答案選C。

第3題:詞義推測題。A選項“年齡”；B選項“創(chuàng)造的方式”；C選項“尺寸”；D選項“成分”。第一段第三四五句話…observersthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions…Oneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessofthemariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters;thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters（……觀察者認為這兩種地形可能有不同的組成……這兩種地形最明顯的區(qū)別之一就是平坦的海地與粗糙的高地形成對比。這種粗糙度主要是由大量的隕石坑造成的；高地完全被大型火山口所覆蓋），從這里可知因為組成成分不同所以造成了兩者的不同，而兩者的不同主要是粗糙程度，粗糙程度是因為隕石坑多的地方就很粗糙，而月海沒有隕石坑，所以不那么粗糙，歸根結底主要還是構成的地形不一樣，所以答案選D。

第4題:細節(jié)理解題。題干：根據(jù)文章，月球研究人員主要關注的是……A選項“在月球上找到水的可能性”；B選項“月球表面風化層”；C選項“各種地形分類”；D選項“隕石坑和它們的起源”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句話Althoughvariouslandformswerecatalogued,themajorityofastronomers’attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.（雖然有各種各樣的地貌，但天文學家的注意力主要集中在隕石坑和它們的起源上），由此可知科學家的重點是在隕石坑及其起源，所以答案選D；其他選項文章沒有提及。

第5題:判斷推理題。題干：這篇文章可能會繼續(xù)討論。A選項“隕石坑形成的原因很難研究”，B選項“不同的形狀”，C選項“一些大型隕石坑的特征”；D選項“大小隕石坑形成的方式有些不同”。定位到文章最后一段Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcraterswithdiametersoflessthan10-15kmhaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaverimcreststhatareelevatedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl-shapedinteriors,anddepthsthatareaboutone-fifthtoone-sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.（天文學家很早就知道，隕石坑的形狀會隨著體積的增大而改變。直徑小于10-15公里的小隕石坑形狀相對簡單。它們的邊緣嵴高于周圍的地形，光滑的碗狀內部，深度約為直徑的五分之一到六分之一。隕石坑越大，其形狀的復雜性就越大），文章最后一段描寫了小隕石坑的一些特征，然后最后一句話說的是隕石坑越大，形狀越復雜，所以從這里可以推斷接下來文章會要講大隕石坑的結構和特征了，因此答案選C。

2.單選題

Itisannouncedthatawallethasbeenfoundandcanhe（

）atthemanager’soffice.

問題1選項

A.declared

B.obtained

C.reclaimed

D.recognized

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項declare“斷言，宣稱，宣布”；B選項obtain“獲得，得到”；C選項reclaim“要求歸還，收回；認領（失物）”；D選項recognize“認出，認可，承認”。句意：通知說，有人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只錢包，失主可到經(jīng)理室認領。結合此處語境，C選項正確。

3.單選題

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymostselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram...onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey’lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox”saysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardConnerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia’sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions,”ConnerlysaidMonday.

Meanwhile,USEducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions”.EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO-Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforlessonsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate,”saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesEnsureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenon-profitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehowor—whethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosedmouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,manytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whichofthefollowingintheopinionoftheopponentsofaffirmativeaction?

2.ConneryinsistedthattheCourt'srulingshould（

）.

3.WhatistheattitudeoftheDepartmentofEducationtowardsaffirmativeaction?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutaffirmativeactionaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.Thebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsisnotover.

B.TheSupremeCourt’srulingshouldbeadaptedtocollegesituations.

C.Itisnecessarytoformulatetherightpoliciesforcollegeadmissions.

D.Race-neutralprogramsshouldnotbesetupincollegeanduniversities.

問題2選項

A.winapprovalfromCaliforniavotersbeforeitisputineffect

B.becontestedbytheMichiganvoterswithanopinionpoll

C.beappliedinsomestatesbeforeitisextendedtootherstates

D.producetheintendedpracticalaffectbeforeitiswidelyaccepted

問題3選項

A.Neutrality.

B.Objection.

C.Approval.

D.Indifference.

問題4選項

A.Avastmajorityofpeoplesupportit.

B.Theminoritiesclaimittobeadiscriminatorypolicy.

C.Theminoritystudentsaremorelikelytowelcomeit.

D.TheCourt'sdecisionwillcertainlychangepeople'sattitudetoit.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover（反對反歧視的人說，在大學招生中使用種族的斗爭幾乎沒有結束）可知A選項“在大學招生中使用種族的斗爭還沒有結束”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox（我們必須在投票箱里認真地競爭這一切）可知Connerly認為法院的裁決應由民意調查投票決定，因此選B。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的USEducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction（美國教育部長RodPaige與布什總統(tǒng)的立場一致，反對反歧視運動）可知美國教育部對反歧視行動持反對態(tài)度，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.（在判決前幾天進行的民意調查中，49%的成年人表示他們支持反歧視行動，43%的人表示反對，而黑人和西班牙裔比白人贊成的人數(shù)要多得多）可推測少數(shù)民族更支持這項行動，因此選C。

4.單選題

Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelephonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninter-living,longenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument.

Voiceshavebeenraisedinprotestsincethebeginning,risinginpitchandviolenceinthenineteenthcenturyduringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,summoningurgentcrowdsintothestreetsontheissueofnuclearenergy."Giveitback,"saysomeofthevoices,“Itdoesn’treallywork,we'vetrieditanditdoesn’twork.Gobackthreehundredyearsandstartagainonsomethingelselesschancyfortheraceofman.”

Theprinciplediscoveriesinthiscentury,takingallinall,aretheglimpsesofthedepthofourignoranceofnature.Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,andmattersofabsolutecertainty—Newtonianmechanics,forexample—haveslippedthroughourfingers;andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,andambiguities.Someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears;somearecanceledoutright;someundergorevisedversionoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.

JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewandthelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.Forwhile,thingsseemedsimpleandclear:thecellwasaneatlittlemachine,amechanicaldevicereadyfortakingtopiecesandreassembling,likeatinywatch.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablecomplexfilledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday’simagining.

Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.Whatliesahead,orwhatcanlieaheadiftheeffortsinbasicresearcharecontinued,ismuchmorethantheconquestofhumandiseaseortheimprovementofagriculturaltechnologyorthecultivationofnutrientsinthesea.Aswelearnmoreaboutfundamentalprocessesoflivingthingsingeneralwewilllearnmoreaboutourselves.

1.WhatCANNOTbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Theprinciplediscoveryinthiscenturyshows（）.

3.Nowscientistshavefoundinthepastfewyears（）.

4.Thewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageistosaythat（）.

5.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsscienceis（）.

問題1選項

A.Scientificexperimentsinthepastthreehundredyearshaveproducedmanyvaluableitems.

B.Forthreehundredyearstherehavebeenpeopleholdingahostileattitudetowardscience.

C.Moderncivilizationdependsonsciencesomansupportsscientificprogressunanimously.

D.Somepeoplethinkthreehundredyearsisnotlongenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofscientificmethod.

問題2選項

A.manhasoverthrownNewton’slawsofphysics

B.manhassolvedanewsetofgiganticpuzzles

C.manhaslostmanyscientificdiscoveries

D.manhasgivenupsomeoftheonceacceptedtheories

問題3選項

A.theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessary

B.thetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachine

C.manknowsnothingaboutDNA

D.manhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA

問題4選項

A.scienceisjustatitsbeginning

B.sciencehasgreatlyimprovedman'slife

C.sciencehasmadeprofoundprogress

D.sciencehasdonetoolittletohumanbeings

問題5選項

A.critical

B.approving

C.neutral

D.regretful

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第一段Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelephonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninter-living,longenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument.大約三個世紀以來，我們一直在研究科學，試驗科學，用科學來建設我們所說的現(xiàn)代文明?，F(xiàn)代科技的每一項可有可無的東西，從運河水閘到電話撥號，再到青霉素，都是由一系列科學實驗提供的數(shù)據(jù)分析拼湊而成的。三百年來，對人類相互生存的一種新方法進行試驗似乎是一段漫長的時間，這段時間足以使我們對這種科學方法進行批判性的評價，甚至可能長到足以投票決定是否繼續(xù)使用這種方法。這里有一個爭論。C項“現(xiàn)代文明依賴于科學，所以人們一致支持科學進步。”與文中“人們有足夠的時間對科學方法進行批判性地評價”不符。D項“有些人認為三百年的時間不夠長，不足以對科學方法進行批判性的評價?！迸c“Thereisanargument.有些人認為三百年足夠長來對科學方法進行投票，而另外一些人觀點卻不一樣”相符。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“Someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears;somearecanceledoutright;someundergorevisedversionoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.一些物理定律每隔幾年就會修正;有些內容被徹底取消;有些修訂了立法意圖，仿佛它們是國會的法案”?？芍狣項正確。由Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,andmattersofabsolutecertainty—Newtonianmechanics,forexample—haveslippedthroughourfingers;andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,andambiguities.過去看似清晰合理的事情，以及絕對確定的事情——比如牛頓力學——已經(jīng)從我們的指縫中溜走了;我們留下了一系列新的巨大的謎團，宇宙的不確定性和模棱兩可?？芍狝項“人們已經(jīng)推翻了牛頓的物理定律”與文中的描述“人們已經(jīng)不在關注牛頓力學，而是有了更多謎團”不符。B項“人類已經(jīng)解決了一系列新的巨大難題”與文中“人們有了很多新的謎團”不符。C項并為提及。

3.推理判斷題。由第四段Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablecomplexfilledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday’simagining.但就在最近幾年，它已經(jīng)變得幾乎難以置信的復雜，充滿了奇怪的部分，其功能超出了今天的想象?？芍罱鼛啄昕茖W家發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA極其復雜，所以還需要進一步研究。故D項正確。

4.作者意圖題。由最后一段“Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.這不僅僅是有更多的事情要做，還有所有的事情要做?！笨芍髡哒J為關于科研還有很多方面的工作需要做，不僅僅是戰(zhàn)勝人類疾病等領域，還包括生物的基本過程等，科研仍然處于開端。故A項正確。BCD三項均不是作者的寫作目的。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。本文主要講述了科學的發(fā)展狀況，并介紹了人們對待科學的不同觀點。全文內容比較客觀地呈現(xiàn)，故作者的態(tài)度是中立的。

5.單選題

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastoneear,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（）.

3.Theauthoruse“thedisplaced”(Para.2,Line6)torefertothosewhoare（）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Para.3,Line4)issynonymouswith（）.

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,（）.

問題1選項

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

問題2選項

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

問題3選項

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

問題4選項

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

問題5選項

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段說到了原因“Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear…”，不僅汽車產(chǎn)量大，平均家庭持有量也很大，這就是原因。B選項“超過四分之一的家庭擁有兩輛車”由“morethanaquarterhavetwoeach”得出。

第2題:2.細節(jié)事實題。本題要求找出“一千萬美國人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的健康狀況很糟糕”的主要原因。文章第二段第三句說到“Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor”，長期失業(yè)應被視為主要因素，C選項正確。

第3題:3.詞義推測題。第二段是在說造成一千萬美國人健康狀況糟糕的原因，且說到失業(yè)是主要因素，關鍵詞所處句子只是個例子，為了說明上一句中“十分之九的失業(yè)是由工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)領域的自動化造成的”，說明thedisplaced就是指由自動化導致失業(yè)的人。A選項正確。

第4題:4.詞義推測題。該詞出現(xiàn)在第三段第三句中“AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram”，本句表示“根據(jù)《社會保障法》，貧困線以下的家庭……從特別福利計劃中獲得福利”，既然是《社會保障法》中的條款，則保障的對象應為貧困線以下的家庭，及這些家庭是“有資格的”，D選項worthy“配得上的；值得的”更合適。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。本題問的是美國人比大多數(shù)其他國家人生活更好的原因，這一結論出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段最后一句，其前面一句給出了原因“socialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline”，社會福利項目在一定程度上解決了貧困人口的衣食住行問題，D選項“社會福利項目在一定程度上解決了貧困人口的問題”符合文意。

6.單選題

TheHumanStain,directedbyRobertBentonfromascreenplaybyNicholasMeyer,isanhonorableB+termpaperofamovie:sober,scrupulousandearnestlyrespectfulofitsliterarysource.Thisispreciselytheproblem:thatsource,PhilipRoth’s2000novelisnotespeciallysober,scrupulousorrespectful.Itisanangry,ungainlysquallyofabook,aclamorousdefenseofsexualvitalityinanageofPuritancensoriousnessandalyricalinquiryintothemysteriesofrace,oldageandrecent.Americanhistory.LikemuchofMr.Roth’srecentwork,TheHumanStainburstswithcharactersandideas,anditsapparentlyhaphazardorganizationdisguisesanelegantandcunningnarrativestrategy.

ThefilmmakersexplicateMr.Roth’sthemeswithadmirableclarityandcareandobservehischaracterswithdelicatefondness,buttheycannothopetoapproximatethebrillianceandrapacityofhisvoice,whichholdsallthenovels’disparateelementstogether.WithouttheactiveinterventionofMr.Roth’sintelligencethestoryfailstocohere.Itspeoplewanderthroughastrangelyartificiallandscape,andtheideashoverintheairabovethemlikecloudspaintedonabackdrop.

ZuckermanplayedbyGarySinisehasretreatedtoalakesidecabininNewEngland,hopingtofindpeaceandquietaftertwodivorcesandaboutofprostatecancer.

HissolitudeisinterruptedonenightbythearrivalofColemanSilkplayedbyAnthonyHopkins,aformerdeanandclassicsprofessoratnearbyAthenaCollege,whowasforcedtoresignafterbeingaccusedofmakingracistremarksduringalecture.Coleman,whosewifediedsuddenlyinthewakeofthescandal,wantstotakerevengeonhisformercolleaguesbywritingabook.HeputsthisprojectasideoncehefallsintoarevivifyingaffairwithFauniaFarleyplayedbyNicoleKidman,adamaged,desolateandilliterate34-year-oldwhodoesmenialjobsatthecollege,thepostofficeandalocaldairyfarmTheirsexualidyllismenacedbythefacultybusybodieswhochasedColemanfromhisjob,andalsobyFaunia’sformerhusband,Lester(EdHarris),aderangedVietnamveteranwhosuedtobeatherandnowstalksherinhisbigredpickuptruck.

Whatkeepsthemovie,whichopenstodaynationwide,fromdriftingintheSargassoSeaofliteraryhigh-mindednessisthevitalityoftheacting.Mr.Bentionisthekindofdirectorwhoseaffectionandrespectforactorsseepthroughthescreen;hissolicitudeseemstoopenthemup.

ThatMr.HopkinsandMs.Kidmanaremiscastisalmostaxiomatic.Ms.Kidmantriestoovercomethisbysheerforceofwill,strugglingtostiflehernaturalradiance,blunthercrystallinevoiceandblurherfinefeatures,andshecomesclosertosucceedingthanyoumightexpect.Mr.Hopkins,forhispart,mustbattleamoreglaringdiscrepancy,andhedoessowithswingingnonchalance.ColemanSilkisablackmanwhohaspassedforwhiteformostofhisadultlife,stylinghimselfasthefirstJewishclassicisteverhiredatAthena.

Thesepeculiaritiesofcastingmatterlessthantheymight;orratherhowmuchtheymatterchangesfromscenetoscene.Thefilmincludessomesex,aboxingmatchandanoccasionalburstofdancing,butmostoftheactionconsistsoftwocharactersinaroomtalking.Someofthesemoments-alateconfrontationbetweenLesterandZuckerman,abreakfasttablequarrelbetweenFaunniaandColeman,ameetingofthemindsbetweenFaunniaandalarge,cagedcrow-areawkwardlypacedandplaced,butmanyothersarealivewithhumanpainandheat.

Someofthebestperformancesareinsecondaryroles.JacindaBarrettiswonderfullytouchingasColeman’sfirstgreatlove,ablondMidwesternertowhomhedecides,heedlesslyandalittlecruelly,todivulgethesecretofhisrace.Ms.Snuth,herfaceamaskofmaternalstoicism,bringshomethetragedyofColeman’sdecisiontopassforwhitewithaspeechsodrilyandevenlyenunciatedthatitslaceratinginsightonlyregistersoncethecamerahasturnedaway.

Atitsbeat-whichalsotendstobeatitsquietes—TheHumanStainallowsyoubothtocareaboutitscharactersandtothinkaboutthelargerissuesthattheirlivesrepresent.Itsdeepestflawisaninabilitytolinkthosemomentsofempathyandinsightintoacontinuousdrama,tosuggestthatthecharacters’liveskeepgoingwhentheyarenotonscreen.Thefilm’spowerfulindividualscenesseemlikeexcerptsfromamissingwhole,well-appointedroomsinahousewhosebeamsandgirdershavebeencutaway.

1.ThehumanStainisa（）.

2.TheHumanStain（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingistheflawofTheHumanStainintheauthor’sopinion?

4.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeapossiblecommentmadebytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsTheHumanStainis（）.

問題1選項

A.respectablescree