考研考博-英語-張家界航空工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-張家界航空工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

在西方，啟蒙思想的支撐源于人們對(duì)于客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)知，如哥白尼的“日心說”、牛頓的“萬有引力”、伽利略的“宇宙論”等，認(rèn)為整個(gè)宇宙中的一切物體都遵守同一定律，進(jìn)而沖破千年的宗教束縛，將這一一理性思考引入了人類社會(huì)，從而開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)不斷進(jìn)取的新時(shí)代。在中國(guó)，幾千年的封建農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)，使得科技落后、法治傳統(tǒng)缺乏，只是受到近代西方啟蒙思想(包括馬克思主義)的影響，才引入了科學(xué)、民主、法治的概念，開始與世界文明接軌。

【答案】Inthewest,theenlightenmentofthesupportfromthepeoplefortheobjectivelawsofcognition,suchasCopernicus’heliocentrictheory,“gravity”ofNewton,Galileo’s“cosmology”etc,thinkthateverythingintheuniversearesubjecttothesamelaw,toshakeofftheyokeofthereligioninonethousandwillbetheonetothinkrationallytheintroductionofhumansociety,whichopenedaneweraofcontinuousimprovement.InChina,thethousandsofyearsoffeudalagriculturalsocietymadescienceandtechnologybackwardandthetraditionofruleoflawlacking.Itwasonlyundertheinfluenceofmodernwesternenlightenmentthoughts(includingMarxism)thattheconceptsofscience,democracyandruleoflawwereintroducedandbegantoconnectwiththeworldcivilization.

2.單選題

Atlastsheleftherhouseandhurriedtotheairportonly______theplaneflyingaway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.saw

B.seen

C.seeing

D.tosee

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：最后她離開了家，匆忙趕往機(jī)場(chǎng)，卻只看見飛機(jī)飛走了。only+現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）和only+不定式（短語）都可作結(jié)果狀語，跟現(xiàn)在分詞往往表示一種自然的合乎邏輯的結(jié)果，而跟不定式往往表示一種出乎意料的或令人失望的結(jié)果，僅限于少數(shù)終止性動(dòng)詞，如find，hear，learn，make，see等。only到句尾部分是結(jié)果狀語，匆忙趕往機(jī)場(chǎng)卻未能如愿登機(jī)，是令人失望的結(jié)果，D選項(xiàng)tosee符合題意。A選項(xiàng)saw是一般過去時(shí)，作謂語動(dòng)詞，不作非謂語動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)seen是過去分詞，不單獨(dú)使用；C選項(xiàng)onlyseeing表示合乎邏輯的結(jié)果，含有意料之中的意思，不存在失望的情況，不符合語境。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thoughsteamengineshavenowpassedthe______oftheirusefulness,theirheritageremains.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prime

B.era

C.epoch

D.date

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.prime年富力強(qiáng)的時(shí)期；鼎盛時(shí)期B.era時(shí)代；年代

C.epoch紀(jì)元；時(shí)期D.date日期；日子

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息passedthe______oftheirusefulness（過了它們使用的______）和主句theirheritageremains（但它的傳統(tǒng)依然存在）可推知，該句表示的是“即使蒸汽機(jī)過了當(dāng)初的鼎盛時(shí)期，但它的傳統(tǒng)依然存在至今”，空格處表示“鼎盛時(shí)期”符合句意，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)都是指歷史上的一段時(shí)期，尤指發(fā)生重要事件或變化的時(shí)期，不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】盡管蒸汽機(jī)現(xiàn)在已不再有用，但它的傳統(tǒng)依然存在。

4.翻譯題

41.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(15’)

USbusinessesrespondedwithalarmtoPresidentDonaldTrump’sannouncementofwide-rangingtariffsonimportsfromChina,warningthattheywouldraisecostsforAmericanconsumersandriskedprovokingadamagingtradewar.Businessgroupsfromarangeofindustriesexpressedacommonview:theysharedMr.Trump’sconcernsaboutintellectualpropertyviolationsandunfairtradingpracticesbyChinabutthoughthisdecisiontousetariffstoaddresstheproblemwouldbecounter-productive.OneofthestrongestresponsestotheplanscamefromtheNationalRetailFederation,whichsaidthetariffswould“punishordinaryAmericansforChina’sviolations”.

【答案】【參考譯文】

美國(guó)總統(tǒng)唐納德.特朗普(DonaldTrump)宣布對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品廣泛征收關(guān)稅后，美國(guó)企業(yè)紛紛表示震驚，他們警告，關(guān)稅將提高美國(guó)消費(fèi)者成本，并有引發(fā)破壞性的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。來自不同行業(yè)的商界組織表達(dá)了共同的看法：他們認(rèn)同特朗普對(duì)中國(guó)侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和不公平交易行為的擔(dān)憂，但認(rèn)為使用關(guān)稅解決問題的決定可能適得其反。美國(guó)零售聯(lián)合會(huì)(NationalRetailFederation)是對(duì)關(guān)稅計(jì)劃作出最強(qiáng)烈回應(yīng)的機(jī)構(gòu)之一。該機(jī)構(gòu)指出，征收關(guān)稅將“讓普通美國(guó)人因中國(guó)的違規(guī)行為而受到懲罰”。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.

Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.

AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.

Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto______.

2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto_____.

4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe______.

5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto____.挪威政府更傾向于石油工業(yè)____。

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers.A.為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentB.減緩其發(fā)展速度

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroadC.把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國(guó)外去

D.developmorequicklythanatpresentD.比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞oilindustry可定位到Para.1第一句，該處講到“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)（undercontrol）”，又提到“一項(xiàng)新法律（Anewlawlimits）將勘探范圍限制在長(zhǎng)海岸線南端以南的地區(qū)；已經(jīng)制定了生產(chǎn)限制；石油公司也不允許雇傭超過有限數(shù)量的外國(guó)工人”?？芍拗剖凸I(yè)的發(fā)展。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)”，文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇傭外國(guó)工人的數(shù)量不得超過限定數(shù)量，即減少雇傭工人數(shù)量。這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國(guó)外去”，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”，文中說到要限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展，D選項(xiàng)與文章相反，屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto____.挪威政府已努力去____。

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcesA.鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

B.禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemsC.控制石油公司解決它們的許多問題

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsizeD.使石油工業(yè)保持在接近目前規(guī)模的水平

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處講到“很少有人相信政府能夠長(zhǎng)期阻止事態(tài)發(fā)展”，結(jié)合第一段第一句“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)”可知政府在控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展，努力維持石油工業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源”，而文中說新的法律限制人們只能在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行勘探，也就是限制人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新資源，A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人”，文中說到石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開始吸引人們前往南方但并沒有說禁止雇傭北部人，B選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“控制石油公司解決它們的許多問題”，但文中提到的是石油工業(yè)解決問題，屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto____.根據(jù)這篇文章，石油工業(yè)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致挪威北部____。

A.thedevelopmentofindustryA.工業(yè)的發(fā)展

B.agrowthinpopulationB.人口的增長(zhǎng)

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogrammeC.發(fā)展計(jì)劃的失敗

D.thedevelopmentofnewtownsD.新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.4最后一句，該處講到“不出幾年，整個(gè)北方政策就可能毀于一旦”。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)的發(fā)展”，文中說到“一些小的工業(yè)甚至?xí)В⊿omesmallerindustriesmightevendisappear）”屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“人口的增長(zhǎng)”，文中說到“石油工業(yè)吸引人們前往南方（startedtodrawpeoplesouth）”也就是說北部人口會(huì)減少。B選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展”，北部人口跑到南方北方應(yīng)該不會(huì)有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，反而是南方可能有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，這屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe____.在南方，石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展可能產(chǎn)生的影響是____。

A.alargereductiononunemploymentA.失業(yè)率大幅下降

B.agrowthinthetouristindustryB.旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustriesC.現(xiàn)有工業(yè)數(shù)量的減少

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustriesD.發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】倒數(shù)第三段第一句提到“然而，石油工業(yè)的影響不會(huì)局限于北方”即可知本段在描寫石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)南方帶來的影響，根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段最后一句，該處講到“一些較小的工業(yè)甚至可能完全消失”。換言之，這些原本存在的小工業(yè)會(huì)減少。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)率大幅下降”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“在就業(yè)率接近100%的情況下（Withnearly100percentemployment），每個(gè)人都可以看到服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)去?！笨芍恼f到1.就業(yè)率接近100%；2.服務(wù)業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的從業(yè)人員會(huì)流向石油業(yè)，無法推斷出失業(yè)率大幅下降，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)去?！笨芍糜螛I(yè)不會(huì)發(fā)展，B選項(xiàng)反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)”，也是根據(jù)原文中人們發(fā)展石油工業(yè)導(dǎo)致從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少，不會(huì)發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)，D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause____.挪威的農(nóng)民和漁民有重要的影響，因?yàn)開___。

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianidealA.他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealB.他們的生活和價(jià)值觀代表了挪威人的理想

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansocietyC.他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)很有幫助

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflifeD.他們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干farmers和fishermen可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“挪威人在他們身上看到了許多他們自豪地認(rèn)為是挪威人本質(zhì)上的品質(zhì)。”眾所周知，挪威的農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)發(fā)展歷史悠久，農(nóng)民和漁民是挪威的代表。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分”，并不是說挪威人的理想是漁民和農(nóng)民，而是說漁民和農(nóng)民的生活和價(jià)值觀代表了他們的理想，A選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)很有幫助”，文中只是說石油的發(fā)展阻礙了漁業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，并沒有說他們?yōu)槭裁粗匾珻選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅”，但是文中說的是“關(guān)于石油的真正爭(zhēng)論是它對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅”。對(duì)生活有威脅的是石油并不是farmers和fishermen。這里屬于張冠李戴。

6.單選題

What______supposewouldhappenifthedirectorknewyoufeltthatway?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willyou

B.doyou

C.wouldyou

D.youwould

【答案】B

【解析】考查語序。在該句子中，doyousuppose相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語，Whatwouldhappenifthe...才是一個(gè)整體，做全句的賓語從句。類似的表達(dá)還有doyouthink等。句意：你猜想看看，如果主管知道你那樣想之后會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Specieswithrelatively（）metabolicrates,includinghibernators,generallylivelongerthanthosewhosemetabolicratesaremorerapid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prolific

B.sedentary

C.sluggish

D.measured

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prolific“多產(chǎn)的，豐富的”；B選項(xiàng)sedentary“定居的，靜坐的”；C選項(xiàng)sluggish“蕭條的，遲鈍的”；D選項(xiàng)measured“量過的，慎重的”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息“hibernators”以及后半句“通常比代謝率更快的物種活得更長(zhǎng)”可知，填空處應(yīng)指代謝率相對(duì)緩慢，所以選項(xiàng)C符合語境。句意：代謝率相對(duì)緩慢的物種，包括冬眠動(dòng)物，通常比代謝率更快的物種活得更長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

8.單選題

Avilesmellhungintheair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.burnt

B.unpleasant

C.sweet

D.fruity

【答案】B

【解析】句意：空氣中彌漫著一股難聞的氣味。vile意為邪惡的，骯臟的。選項(xiàng)B更符合句意所表達(dá)的意思。

9.單選題

Thefirstanimalsonthislivingsphere,theEarth,wereprimitive（）animals,andthenaround500millionyearsagotheseseaanimalsdevelopedshells.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.versatile

B.marine

C.predatory

D.feasible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。versatile“多才多藝的”；marine“海生的，海產(chǎn)的”；predatory“掠奪的，掠奪成性的”；feasible“可行的”。句意：地球上第一類動(dòng)物是海洋類生物，5億年前這些海洋生物逐漸長(zhǎng)出了外殼。由后半句的“shells”可推知第一批動(dòng)物是海生動(dòng)物，沒有外殼；而且只有B項(xiàng)能修飾動(dòng)物。

10.單選題

Ourstomachscanoftenbeamysterytousandmanyofusdon’trealizejusthowmuchthefoodweeatcanimpactonourmoodandmentalwell-being.

AccordingtocharityAllergyUK,ashocking45%ofussufferswithfoodanddrinkintolerances,beverage—thisiscalledfoodintolerance.

Foodintoleranceisamuchmorecommonproblemthanfoodallergyandoneofthemostharmfulsymptomscanbelowmood.1in4peopleintheUKwillsufferproblemswiththeirmoodormentalhealtheveryyear,withanti-depressantprescriptionsincreasingbyover40%inthelast5years.

RecentresearchfromYorkTestLaboratories,leadingexpertsinfoodintolerancetesting,hasfoundthat97%oftheircustomersreportedproblemsrelatingtomoodasasignificantsymptomoftheirfoodintolerance,ofwhich73%feltthattheirmoodhadsignificantlyimprovedafteralteringtheirdietstoremovefoodstowhichtheyreacted.

Inaddition,inarecentpaperpublishedintheJournalofNutritionandFoodSciences,over81%ofpatientsreportedasignificantimprovementinmoodandmentalwell-beingasadirectconsequenceofapplyingthedietarychangesrecommendedbyYorkTest.

Sohowisitthatthefoodweeatcanhavesuchasignificantimpactonourmood?

Bidirectionalconnectionsbetweenthegutandthebrainarecomplexandareregulatedinthebodyinthreedifferentways:throughnerves,hormonesandtheimmunesystem.Thegutmediatesthebody’simmuneresponse;atleast70percentofourimmunesystemissituatedinthegutandisusedtoexpelandkillforeigninvaders.

Ourgutcontainssome100millionneurons(nervecells),morethanineitherthespinalcordortheperipheralnervoussystem.Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.Ourgutpartlydeterminesourmentalstateandplayskeyrolesincertaindiseasesthroughoutthebody.Manypeoplewillnotbeawarethat90%ofserotonin（血清素）,thebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut—itisforthesereasonsthatthegutisoftenreferredtoasthe‘secondbrain’.

Inaddition,researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinal（腸胃的）inflammation—acommonsymptomoffoodintolerance.Bytacklingunidentifiedfoodintolerances,notonlywillphysicalsymptomsbenefit,butmentalhealthsymptomscanoftenshowsignificantimprovement.

Thereareanumberofwaystoidentifypotentiallymoodsuppressingfoodintolerances.OnethatIrecommendisscientificallyvalidatedandwellresearchedisYorkTest.ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers,allowingpeopletosimplymodifytheirdietswithlifechanginghealthbenefits.

1.Theover40%increaseofanti-depressantprescriptionsinthelast5yearsintheUKwasattributedto（）.

2.WhichisNOToneofthereasonswhythegutisoftenreferredtoasthe“secondbrain”?

3.Whatfrequentlyhasacausalconnectionwithdepression?

4.Whatisthepurposeinone’stakingYorkTest?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.foodintolerance

B.foreigninvaders

C.foodallergy

D.foodtriggers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ourgutcontainsmorenervecellsthaninthespinalcord.

B.Theneuronsinthegutcontributesolelytoeffectivedigestion.

C.90%ofthebrain’s“happyhormone”isproducedinthegut.

D.Certaindiseasesresultfromourdigestivesystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Apsychiatricdisorder.

B.Bidirectionaltreatment.

C.Gastrointestinalinflammation.

D.Unidentifiedphysicalproblems.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tovalidatethescientificresearch.

B.Todetectthesourceoffoodintolerance.

C.Toinventamodificationoflifestyle.

D.Toprescribeanti-depressantdrugs

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,食物耐受不良是一個(gè)比食物過敏更常見的問題,最有害的癥狀之一是情緒低落。在英國(guó),每年有四分之一的人情緒或心理健康都會(huì)出現(xiàn)問題,在過去的五年中,抗抑郁藥物的處方數(shù)量增加了40%以上。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第八段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,C,D均符合原文;根據(jù)第二句“Alloftheseneuronsliningourdigestivesystemdomuchmorethanmerelyhandledigestionorcauseoccasionalnervousfeelings.”所有這些排列在我們消化系統(tǒng)中的神經(jīng)元不僅僅是處理消化,偶爾也會(huì)引起緊張情緒。選項(xiàng)B描述太絕對(duì),所以不正確。

3.根據(jù)第九段第一句“researchhasshownthatdepressionisfrequentlyassociatedwithgastrointestinalinflammation”研究表明抑郁癥經(jīng)常與腸胃炎聯(lián)系在一起。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“ItsfoodanddrinkintolerancetestcalledFood&DrinkScancanuncoverpotentialfoodanddrinktriggers...”這項(xiàng)名為“飲食掃描”的飲食耐受不良測(cè)試,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)飲食耐受不良潛在的誘因。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

11.單選題

Thesuccessfulcooperationbetweenthetwocountriesshouldbebasedon（

）respectandhelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respective

B.mutual

C.simultaneous

D.separate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。respective意為“各自的，分別的”；mutual意為“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意為“同時(shí)發(fā)生（或進(jìn)行）的，同步的”；separate意為“獨(dú)立的，分開的”。

句意：兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間的成功合作應(yīng)建立在相互尊重和幫助的基礎(chǔ)上。

12.單選題

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof"fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M.andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat~andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnondurableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear~about64itemsperperson~andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes―andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieves

lastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto.

1.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher（

）.

2.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto

（

）.

3.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

5.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poorbargainingskill

B.insensitivitytofashion

C.obsessionwithhighfashion

D.lackofimagination

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.combatunnecessarywaste

B.shutoutthefeverishfashionworld

C.resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements

D.shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.accusation

B.enthusiasm

C.indifference

D.tolerance

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

B.Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

C.Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

D.Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Satireonanextravagantlifestyle

B.Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth

C.Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry

D.Exposureofamass-marketsecret

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Priestlycriticizesherassistant定位至第一段:Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther(在2006年的電影版‘穿普拉達(dá)的女王’中，由MerylStreep扮演的MirandaPriestly因猜想高級(jí)時(shí)尚沒有影響自己沒有魅力的助手而斥責(zé)她),因此可推知B項(xiàng)“對(duì)時(shí)尚不敏感”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable―meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks(這些服裝品牌慫恿有時(shí)尚意識(shí)的'消費(fèi)者將衣服看成是一次性的（意味著只洗一次或兩次，盡管這些品牌沒有做那樣的廣告），且每隔幾周就去更新自己的服裝)。因此D項(xiàng)“更頻繁地為自己買衣服”正確。

3.詞義題。單詞“indictment”后面的句子提到:Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat―andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks(這些服裝品牌公恵有時(shí)尚意識(shí)的消級(jí)者將衣服看成是一次性的（意味著只洗一次或兩次，盡管這些品牌沒有做那樣的廣告），且每隔幾周就去更新自己的服裝)。因此推測(cè)“indictment”在這里有“控告”的意思；故選A。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段:Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto(虛榮心是一種不變的事物；人們?cè)谧约翰荒艹袚?dān)去購買東西時(shí)才會(huì)開始更可持續(xù)性地購物)。由此可推知D項(xiàng)“價(jià)格對(duì)有利于環(huán)境的購物是至關(guān)重要的”正確。

5.主旨大意題。由全文主要圍繞“批評(píng)快時(shí)尚行業(yè)浪費(fèi)資源、勞動(dòng)力，且污染環(huán)境”進(jìn)行分析和論述可推知C項(xiàng)“批評(píng)快速時(shí)尚行業(yè)”正確。

13.單選題

Havingwrittenover200booksIsaacAsimovisaveryprolificwriter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loquacious

B.productive

C.capable

D.well-known

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.loquacious話多的B.productive多產(chǎn)的

C.capable有能力的D.well-known著名的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】劃線詞修飾的是writer“作家”，根據(jù)前文“寫了200多本書”推測(cè)，本句表達(dá)的是他寫了很多書，產(chǎn)出非常多，B選項(xiàng)productive“多產(chǎn)的”最符合原句語義銜接。原詞prolific“多產(chǎn)的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)loquacious“話多的”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)capable“有能力的”，沒有B選項(xiàng)精確；

D選項(xiàng)well-known“著名的”，沒有B選項(xiàng)精確。

【句意】艾薩克?阿西莫夫（IsaacAsimov）是一位非常多產(chǎn)的作家，他寫了200多本書。

14.單選題

Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown（）identity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discreet

B.discrete

C.separated

D.isolated

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。discreet“謹(jǐn)慎的,小心的”;discrete“離散的;獨(dú)立的”;separated“分開的;

分居的”;isolated“孤立的;單獨(dú)的”。句意:這些小公司現(xiàn)在都有了它們自己獨(dú)立的身份。選項(xiàng)B更符合句意。

15.單選題

Nooneinthe____apartmentwasawakedbytheirquarrellingsounds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approached

B.distant

C.neighbor

D.adjacent

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.approached臨近（過去式或過去分詞）B.distant遠(yuǎn)的

C.neighbor鄰居n.D.adjacent相鄰的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與近義詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“____公寓里沒有人被他們的爭(zhēng)吵聲吵醒?！卑凑照Z義和選項(xiàng)推測(cè)，爭(zhēng)吵聲吵醒的應(yīng)該是臨近公寓的人，該處所填詞應(yīng)該是一個(gè)形容詞，修飾公寓。D選項(xiàng)adjacent“相鄰的”符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)approached“臨近（過去式或過去分詞）”，動(dòng)詞，不做定語修飾“公寓”；

B選項(xiàng)distant“遠(yuǎn)的”，不符合語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)neighbor“鄰居”，名詞，不能直接修飾公寓。

【句意】他們的吵鬧聲沒有吵醒隔壁公寓的人。

16.單選題

Withapopulationof320,000-justonetenththatoftheBeijingdistrictwhereitkeepsitsembassytoChina-IcelandhasrecentlybecomeanobjectofinordinateinteresttoChinesepolicymakers.Thetwonationssignedafree-tradeagreementonApril15th,China'sfirstwithanyEuropeannation.ButwiththeinherentlytinypotentialofIceland’smarket,andthelackofanyroundaboutlow-tariffaccesstootherEuropeanmarketsthroughthisdeal,tradealonecannotaccountforChina'sinfatuationwithIceland.

ThemorelikelyattractionforChinaisaccesstoimprovingshippingroutesthroughtheArcticasthatregionwarmsduetoclimatecharge.Lastmonth,oneofChina'stopexpertsonpolarpolicypredictedthat,by2020,asmuchas15%ofhiscountry’stradewouldmovethroughtheArctic'sNorthernSeaRoute.Evenifthatestimateisexaggerated,thereisnoreasontodoubtthatcontinuedshrinkingofArcticicecoverwillenhancethearea’simportance.

LikeSouthKoreaandJapan,ChinahopesnextmonthtobeapprovedforpermanentobserverstatusontheArcticCouncil,aneight-memberintergovernmentalbodythatseekstoco-ordinatepolicyforthearea.Butodd-lookingeffortbyaChinesedevelopertobuildan"eco-golfcourse"andluxuryresortona300squarekmtractinIceland’sdesolatenorth-eastcomeralsoarousedsuspicionsaboutChina'sstrategicintentionsintheregion.ThelogicbehindtheproposaltocreateahavenofsolitudeandcleanairforwealthyChinesevisitorsfailedtoconvinceIcelandicofficials,whodidnotagreetowaiverestrictionsagainstforeignownershipofland.

Thenewtradeagreement,signedduringafive-dayvisittoChinabyIceland’sprimeminister,JohannaSigurdardottir,willresultinthewaiverincomingyearsofmosttariffs,inthetwocountries'bilateraltrade,whichlastyearroseto$424m,byIceland’sreckoning.

ButforChina,theabilitytoimportmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutieswouldseemtopaleincomparisontotheimportanceofenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion.

AccordingtoAnne-MarieBrady,anexpertatNewZealand’sUniversityofCanterbury,currentarrangementsleaveChinashutoutofmultilateraldecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.Thedesiretohaveagreatersay,andassertitslegitimateinterestsintheregion,sherecentlywrote,isbehindacuriousnewbitofofficialphraseology.China’sownexpertshavetakentocallingita"nearArcticstate."

1.WhatisthepopulationofBeijingaccordingtothetext?

2.WhyisitimportantforChinatoimproveshippingroutesthroughtheArctic?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapermanentobserverstateoftheArcticCouncil?

4.Accordingtothetext,thephrase"nearArcticstate”indicatesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext？

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.32,000

B.3,200,000

C.32,000,000

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.BecausetheArcticicecoveriscontinuingshrinking.

B.Becauseasmuchas15%ofthetradesinChinawouldmovethroughtheArctic’sNorthernSeaRouteby2020.

C.BecauseChinesedeveloperstendtobuild"eco-golfcourses'andluxuryresortsinIceland.

D.BecauseIcelandicofficialsdonotagreetowaiverestrictionsagainstforeignownershipofland.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Netherlands.

B.SouthKorea.

C.UnitedKingdom.

D.Spain.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ChinaisacountrylocatednearArcticstate.

B.ChinaisnowinfatuatedwithIceland.

C.ChinaiswillingtoenhancingitsinfluenceintheArcticregion.

D.Chinaistakingpartinthedecision-makingaboutthechangingArcticenvironment.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ChinaprefersimportingmoreIcelandicfishwithlowertariffdutiesratherthanenhancingitsinfluenceintheregion.

B.Icelandisthefirstcountrytosignafree-tradeagreementwithChina.

C.TheArcticCouncilisanintergovernmentalbodywitheightmembersthatseekstoco-ordinatepolicyforthearea.

D.Thenewtradeagreementwillresultinthewaiverincomingyearsoftariffsinthetwocountries’bilateraltrade.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出“justonetenththatoftheBeijingdistrictwhereitkeepsitsembassytoChina”，僅相當(dāng)于其駐華使館所在地區(qū)人口的十分之一，冰島駐華使館所在區(qū)為北京市朝陽區(qū)，可推斷駐華使館所在區(qū)常住人口為三百多萬，但是文章并未說明所在區(qū)占北京總?cè)丝诘谋壤?，所以無從推斷北京市人口數(shù)量。因此選D項(xiàng)。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段給出了原因“ThemorelikelyattractionforChinaisaccesstoimprovingshippingroutesthroughtheArcticasthatregionwarmsduetoclimatecharge”，而更可能的是，該地區(qū)隨著氣候變化逐漸變暖，中國(guó)有機(jī)會(huì)通過北極地區(qū)改善其海上航線。后面還指出“...thereisnoreasontodoubtthatcontinuedshrinkingofArcticicecoverwillenhancethearea'simportance”，不容置疑，北極冰層的持續(xù)減少將增強(qiáng)該地區(qū)的重要性。由此可知A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楸睒O冰蓋正在連續(xù)退縮”正確。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞permanentobserver定位到第三段“LikeSouthKoreaandJapan,ChinahopesnextmonthtobeapprovedforpermanentobserverstatusontheArcticCouncil”，同韓國(guó)、日本一樣，中國(guó)希望在下月被批準(zhǔn)獲得北極理事會(huì)永久觀察員身份。由此可知韓國(guó)與中國(guó)都不是其成員，故選B項(xiàng)。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。對(duì)于nearArcticstate的理解可參考最后一段“.