考研考博-英語-東華大學考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東華大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ideasabout“spoiling”childrenhawalwaysinvolvedconsiderationofjustwhatisaspoiledchild,howdoesspoilingoccur,andwhataretheconsequencesofspoiling.Theyhavealwaysincludedconceptsofachild’snatureandconceptsoftheidealchildandtheidealadults.

Themanymothersof1820whobelongedtotheearly“maternalassociations”struggledtoupholdtheideasaboutchildraisingthathadbeenprevalentintheeighteenthcentury.Theyhadalwaysbeentoldthatthespoiledchildstoodindangerofhavingtroublelaterinlife(whenexposedtoallthetemptationoftheworld)and,moreimportantly,stoodindangerofspiritualruin.

Atfirst,theonlyapproachthesemotherknewwasto“breakthewill”ofthechild.Thisapproach,cominginitiallyfromthetheologyofCalvin,theFrenchProtestantreformer,wasinheritedfromthesternoutlookofthePuritans.Asonemotherwrote“Nochildhaseverbeenknown,sincetheearliestperiodoftheworld,destituteofanevildisposition-howeversweetitappears.”Infantdepravity,bywhichwasmeantthechild’simpulses,couldbecurbedonlybybreakingthewillsothatthechildsubmittedimplicitlytoparentalguidance.

In1834,amotherdescribedthistechnique:Uponthefather’sorder,her16-month-olddaughterhadrefusedtosay“DearMama”,sothetoddlerwasaloneinaroomwhereshescreamedwildlyfortenminutes.Afterthetenminutes,thechildwascommandedagain,andagainsherefused,soshewaswhippedandorderedagain.Thiscontinuedforfourhoursuntilthechildfinallyobeyed.Parentscommonlyreportedthatafteronesuchtrialof“will”,thechildbecamepermanentlysubmissive.Inpassing,wecannotethatknowledgeaboutachild’s“No”periodmighthavemoderatedthediscipliningoflittlechildrenandtheapplicationoftheproverb“Sparetherodandspoilthechild.”

Byfreeingthechildfromitsevilnature,parentsbelievedtheycouldthenguidethechildintoacquiringtherightcharactertraits,suchashonesty,industriousnessandsobriety.Thesemoralprinciplesfixedinthechild’scharacter,weretogovernitthroughoutlife,inasocietywherefreeenterprise,individualeffort,andcompetitionwerebelievedtobetherulingforces.

1.Whentheauthortalksaboutideasconsideredin“thespoilingofchildren”,hedoesnotinclude______.

2.Accordingtothearticle,themothersof1820weredeterminedto______.

3.Calvinismentionedinthisarticletoshow______.

問題1選項

A.thenatureofachild

B.attitudesofspoiledchildrenwhentheybecomeadults

C.reasonswhyspoilingoccurs

D.consequencesfromspoilingachild

問題2選項

A.developindependenceintheirchildren

B.avoidexposingtheirchildrentospiritualruin

C.broadentheexperiencesoftheirchildren

D.setgoodexamplesoftheirchildren

問題3選項

A.thederivationofthesternoutlookofthePuritans

B.Frenchinfluenceinthedisciplineofchildren

C.adissentingviewinthespoilingchildren

D.howthereformationmoderatedtheseverediscipline

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段Ideasabout“spoiling”childrenhawalwaysinvolvedconsiderationofjustwhatisaspoiledchild,howdoesspoilingoccur,andwhataretheconsequencesofspoiling.Theyhavealwaysincludedconceptsofachild’snatureandconceptsoftheidealchildandtheidealadults.（關于“溺愛”孩子的觀點總是涉及到什么是被寵壞的孩子，溺愛是如何發(fā)生的，溺愛的后果是什么。他們總是包括孩子的本性的概念和理想的孩子和理想的成人的概念）。B選項“被寵壞的孩子長大成人后的態(tài)度”，文章所說的是理想的成人的概念，B選項正確。A選項“孩子的天性”，文中提到孩子的天性，A選項可排除。C選項“發(fā)生溺愛的原因”，文章有所提到，C選項可排除。D選項“溺愛孩子的后果”，在文章中有所體現(xiàn)，D選項可排除。因此B選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。我們可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Theyhadalwaysbeentoldthatthespoiledchildstoodindangerofhavingtroublelaterinlifeand,moreimportantly,stoodindangerofspiritualruin.（他們總是被告知，被寵壞的孩子在以后的生活中會有麻煩，更重要的是，有精神毀滅的危險）。B選項“避免讓他們的孩子受到精神的毀滅”，文章所說，被寵壞的孩子會有精神毀滅的危險，可推測1820年的母親會避免孩子受到精神毀滅，因此B選項正確。A選項“培養(yǎng)孩子的獨立性”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，A選項可排除。C選項“拓寬孩子們的經(jīng)歷”，文章沒有提到拓寬孩子的經(jīng)歷，C選項可排除。D選項“為孩子們樹立好榜樣”，文章沒有提到為孩子樹立榜樣，D選項可排除。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干我們可以定位到文章第三段第二句Thisapproach,cominginitiallyfromthetheologyofCalvin,theFrenchProtestantreformer,wasinheritedfromthesternoutlookofthePuritans.（這種方法最初來自法國新教改革家加爾文的神學，繼承了清教徒嚴厲的觀點）。A選項“清教徒嚴厲觀點的由來”，文章所說，加爾文的神學，繼承了清教徒嚴厲觀點的由來，因此A選項正確。B選項“法國對兒童管教的影響”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項“對溺愛孩子的不同意見”，文章沒有提到，加爾文的觀點是對溺愛孩子對的不同意見，C選項可排除。D選項“宗教改革是如何緩和嚴格的紀律的”，文章并沒有提到宗教改革，D選項可排除。因此A選項正確。

2.翻譯題

(1)Someauthoritiesdeclarethatpeoplemayactuallygoinsaneinordertofindinthedreamland(夢境)ofinsanity,thefeelingofimportancethathasbeendeniedthemintheharshworldofreality.TherearemorepatientssufferingfrommentaldiseasesintheUnitedStatesthanfromallotherdiseasescombined.

Whatisthecauseofinsanity?Nobodycananswersuchasweepingquestion,butweknowthatcertaindiseases,suchassyphilis(梅毒),breakdownanddestroythebraincellsandresultininsanity.Infact,aboutone-halfofallmentaldiseasescanbeattributedtosuchphysicalcausesasbrainlesions(腦病變),alcohol,toxinsandinjuries.Buttheotherhalf—andthisistheappallingpartofthestory—theotherhalfofthepeoplewhogoinsaneapparentlyhavenothingorganicallywrongwiththeirbraincells.Inpost-mortemexaminations(尸檢),whentheirbraintissuesarestudiedunderthehighest-poweredmicroscopes,thesetissuesarefoundtobeapparentlyjustashealthyasyoursandmine.

Whydothesepeoplegoinsane?Iputthatquestiontotheheadphysicianofoneofourmostimportantpsychiatrichospitals.Thisdoctor,whohasreceivedthehighesthonoursandthemostcovetedawardsforhisknowledgeofthissubject,toldmefranklythathedidn’tknowwhypeoplewentinsane.Nobodyknowsforsure.Buthedidsaythatmanypeoplewhogoinsanefindininsanityafeelingofimportancethattheywereunabletoachieveintheworldofreality.(2)Ifsomepeoplearesohungryforafeelingofimportancethattheyactuallygoinsanetogetit,imaginewhatmiracleyouandIcanachievebygivingpeoplehonestappreciationthissideofinsanity.

OneofthefirstpeopleinAmericanbusinesstobepaidasalaryofoveramilliondollarsayearwasCharlesSchwab.HehadbeenpickedbyAndrewCarnegietobecomethefirstpresidentofthenewlyformedUnitedStatesSteelCompanyin1921,whenSchwabwasonlythirty-eightyearsold.WhydidAndrewCarnegiepayamilliondollarsayear,ormorethanthreethousanddollarsaday,toCharlesSchwab?Why?BecauseSchwabwasagenius?No.Becauseheknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanotherpeople?Nonsense.

CharlesSchwabtoldmehimselfthathehadmanymenworkingforhimwhoknewmoreaboutthemanufactureofsteelthanhedid.Schwabsaidthathewaspaidthissalarylargelybecauseofhisabilitytodealwithpeople.Iaskedhimhowhedidit.Hereishissecretsetdowninhisownwords—wordsthatoughttobecastineternalbronzeandhungineveryhomeandschool,everyshopandofficeintheland—wordsthatchildrenoughttomemorizeinsteadofwastingtheirtimememorizingtheconjugationofLatinverbsortheamountoftheannualrainfallinBrazil—wordsthatwillallbuttransformyourlifeandmineifwewillonlylivethem:

“Iconsidermyabilitytoarouseenthusiasmamongmypeople,”saidSchwab,“thegreatestassetIpossess,andthewaytodevelopthebestofapersonisbyappreciationandencouragement.“Thereisnothingelsethatsokillstheambitionsofapersonascriticismsfromsuperiors.Inevercriticizeanyone.Ibelieveingivingapersonincentivetowork.SoIamanxioustopraisebutloathtofindfault.IfIlikeanything,Iamheartyinmyapprobationandlavishinmypraise.”ThatiswhatSchwabdid.

Butwhatdoaveragepeopledo?Theexactopposite.(3)Iftheydon’tlikeathing,theybawlouttheirsubordinates;iftheydolikeit,theysaynothing.Astheoldcoupletsays:“OnceIdidbadandthatIheardever/TwiceIdidgood,butthatIheardnever.”

“Inmywideassociationinlife,meetingwithmanyandgreatpeopleinvariouspartsoftheworld,”Schwabdeclared,(4)“Ihaveyettofindtheperson,howevergreatorexalted(尊貴的)hisstation,whodidnotdobetterworkandputforthgreatereffortunderaspiritofapprovalthanhewouldeverdounderaspiritofcriticism.”

【答案】【參考譯文】

（1）有些權威人士宣稱，人們會發(fā)瘋的原因是為了在精神錯亂的夢境中尋找在殘酷的現(xiàn)實世界中得不到的那種被重視的感覺。

（2）如果有人極度渴望一種“被重視”的感覺，那么試想一下如果我們能及時給予他們這瘋狂的一面以真誠的贊美，又會產(chǎn)生怎樣的奇跡呢。

（3）如果他們不喜歡一件事，就會向下屬大喊大叫；如果他們喜歡，就什么也不說。就像那句老話說的那樣：“壞事傳千里，好事不出門?！?/p>

（4）“我還沒有找到一個人，無論他如何偉大，地位如何崇高，不是在被贊許的情形下，比在被批評的情形下，更能夠成就偉大的事業(yè)?！?/p>

3.單選題

Sheseweda（

）onthekneeofhertrousers.

問題1選項

A.pinch

B.plaster

C.punch

D.patch

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。pinch意為“捏，掐”；plaster意為“灰泥，膏藥，創(chuàng)可貼”；punch意為“拳擊打，用力的捶打”；patch意為“補丁，補片”。

句意：她在她的褲子膝蓋上縫了個補丁。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonbothheightandtheno-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade.

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.

【答案】我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，聰明的孩子如果接受不按能力分班的教學，很少會因此而在發(fā)展方面受到阻礙。相反，他們在知識和經(jīng)驗方面都有長進。我們認為把學生按照能力分班有很多弊端。這種做法沒有考慮到孩子們發(fā)展差異這一事實。對聰明的孩子和不太聰明的孩子都有不利影響。畢竟，在最好的那一檔里做最差的學生也是非常令人沮喪的。

此外，只根據(jù)智力水平來對人進行分類也是頗不現(xiàn)實的。智力水平僅僅是整體人格特征的一個方面罷了。我們關心的是讓所有的學生都能充分發(fā)展各方面的能力，而不僅僅只是學術能力。我們也很看重個人品質(zhì)與社交技能，而我們發(fā)現(xiàn)不按能力分班的教學有助于學習的各個方面。

5.單選題

Thesewagesystemofthecity（）thewatersothatswimmingwasforbidden.

問題1選項

A.diluted

B.culminated

C.contaminated

D.diverted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項diluted“稀釋；削弱”；B選項culminated“使結(jié)束；達到頂點”；C選項contaminated“污染；弄臟”；D選項diverted“轉(zhuǎn)移；使……轉(zhuǎn)向”。句意：城市的污水系統(tǒng)……了這片水域，因此游泳被禁止。關鍵詞sewage“污水”和后面的結(jié)果swimmingwasforbidden“游泳被禁止了”，由此可知是污水會污染這片水域。本句使用的是過去式，因此空格內(nèi)應填入謂語動詞的過去式。因此C選項符合題意。

6.單選題

ForTonyBlair,theoutsideworldisaplaceofmoralcertainty.Therearegoodguysandbadguys,andwhatneedstobedoneisprettyclear.Home,bycontrast,isamessysortofplace,wheretheprimeminister’sjobisnottoupholdeternalvaluesbuttoforcethroughsomeunpopularchangesthatmaymakethecountryworkabitbetter.So,if,asBritaindispatches1,700marinestohelpfinishoffthebadguysinAfghanistan,Mr.Blaircutsamoreimpressivefigureabroadthanhedoesathome,itisnotsurprising.Mr.Blair’sgovernmentisatthatdangerousstage.

Theglossoflastyear’slandslide（政黨候選人的勝利）haswornoff;thenextelectionistoofarawaytofosterunityamongtheLaborPartyanditsallies;fightingthebattlesthatneedtobefoughtseemslikehardwork.NowonderMr.Blairisnotlookingsosteady.Theareawherethisismostobvious,andwhereitmattersmostisthepublicservices.Mr.Blairfacesadifficultyherewhichispartlyofhisownmaking.Byfocusinghislastelectioncampaignontheneedtoimprovehospitals,schools,transportandpolicing,hebuiltupexpectations.Andhehasbeenadmirablyfrankabouthowthatimprovementneedstobeachieved.AlazierandmorecynicalprimeministermighthaveblamedpastfailureonToryunderfunding,thrownsomemoremoneyattherelevantministriesandhopedforthebest.Mr.Blairhassaidmanytimesthosereformsinthewaythepublicservicesworkneedtogoalongsideincreasesincash.Thetroubleisthatpublicservicesare,forthemostpart,people—teachers,doctors,nurses,policemen—soreformingthemmeanschangingworkingpractices.Peopledon’tmuchlikehavingnewwaysofworkingforcedonthem,andtheirunionsseeresistingchangeastheirraisond’etre（存在的目的或理由）.Sothehardestpartofthegovernment’staskisgettingtheunionstoagreetochange.

Mr.Blairhasmadehistaskharderbycommittingaclassicnegotiationerror.Insteadofextractingconcessionsfromtheothersidebeforepromisinghisown,hehaspledgedhimselftohigherspendingonpublicserviceswithoutgettingacommitmenttochangefromtheunions.

Norareotherministriesconveyingquitethesamemessageasthetreasury.OnMarch19th,JohnHutton,ahealthminister,announcedthatcleanersandcateringstaffinnewprivatelyfundedhospitalsworkingfortheNationalHealthServicewillstillbegovernmentemployees,entitledtothesamepayandconditionsasotherhealthserviceworkers.Sinceoneofthemainwaysinwhichthegovernmenthopestoreformthepublicsectorisbyusingprivateproviders,andsinceoneofthemainwaysinwhichprivateprovidersarelikelytobeabletosavemoneyisbycuttinglaborcosts,thismoveseemstounderminethegovernment’sstrategy.

1.Asisdescribedinthefirstparagraph,TonyBlair’sgovernmentisstrikinglycharacterizedby（）.

2.TheBlair’sgovernmentislookingsouncertainintheareawhich（）.

3.Mr.Blair’sachievementsonreforms（）.

4.StrongoppositionisleveledagainstMr.Blair’sstrategybecausethegovernment（）.

5.Atthetimewhenthearticlewaswritten,thesituationinBritain’spublicservicesseemstobe（）.

問題1選項

A.promptfulfillmentofitspromises

B.timelycoordinationwithotherdepartments

C.dedicationtotheefficiencyofadministration

D.involvementinadangerousstage

問題2選項

A.underliesthegovernmentstrategy

B.mattersmosttovoters

C.welcomeseasyconcessions

D.entitlesworkerstopensions

問題3選項

A.meettheexpectationsofgovernmentemployees

B.failtoliveuptohisremarksonelection

C.goesagainsttheinterestsofthepopulace

D.neglectsthesectionofpublicservices

問題4選項

A.wantstotakeadvantageofprivateproviders

B.pledgesitselftohigherspendingonhealthcare

C.assertsitsabsolutecontrolofthenation

D.hopestochangeworkingpractices

問題5選項

A.quiteencouraging

B.veryimpressive

C.ratherbleak

D.fairlypromising

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段最后一句提到“布萊爾先生的政府處在危險中”（Mr.Blair’sgovernmentisatthatdangerousstage）,因此選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第二句提到“布萊爾先生看起來并沒有想象中穩(wěn)定，而這種不穩(wěn)定主要是在公共服務中”（NowonderMr.Blairisnotlookingsosteady.Theareawherethisismostobvious,andwhereitmattersmostisthepublicservices），因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到布萊爾在選舉中將問題聚焦在提高醫(yī)院、學校、交通和政策上，為政府成員建立其期望。他的這種想法被其他人贊賞。（Byfocusinghislastelectioncampaignontheneedtoimprovehospitals,schools,transportandpolicing,hebuiltupexpectations），因此選項A符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到改革意味著改變工作實踐,因此在改革這些公共服務人群的工作過程中會比較麻煩（thetroubleisthatpublicservicesare,forthemostpart,people–teachers,doctors,nurses,policemen–soreformingthemmeanschangingworkingpractices），選項D符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。從全文可以看出，英國當時的公共服務是有待改革的，因此選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto（）tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問題1選項

A.obey

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】obey遵守,及物動詞;conform遵從,遵守,不及物動詞;concede承認,讓步;observe觀察。句意：所有人都要遵守政府制定的法律規(guī)范。因此,本題選B。

8.單選題

Atapressconferenceaftertheawardceremonythe18-year-oldgirlspokeinabarely（）voice.

問題1選項

A.audible

B.optional

C.legible

D.identical

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。audible可聽得見的；optional可選擇的,隨意的；legible字跡清楚的,易讀的；identical相同的,完全一樣的。句意：在頒獎典禮后的新聞發(fā)布會上，這位18歲的女孩用幾乎聽不見的聲音說話。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

）

theafternoon.

問題1選項

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】A

【解析】句意:股票交易市場上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午卻小幅上漲。

考查動詞辨析。四個選項均為對應動詞的過去式。regain恢復,收回（不及物動詞）上漲；recover恢復,彌補,重新獲得；restore恢復,還原;revive復興,蘇醒,恢復精祌。根據(jù)前面句意以及表轉(zhuǎn)折的but可知A符合句意。

10.單選題

Unfortunately,hisdamagingattacksontheramificationsoftheeconomicpolicyhavebeen（）byhiswholeheartedacceptanceofthatpolicy’sunderlyingassumptions.

問題1選項

A.supplemented

B.undermined

C.redeemed

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：不幸的是，他對這項政策基本假設的衷心接受

了他之前對其分支的猛烈抨擊。supplemented增補，補充；undermined破壞，削弱；redeemed救贖，贖回，彌補；di-verted呼叫轉(zhuǎn)移，釋放。選項B“破壞”符合句意。

11.單選題

Ihappenedtobecaughtinashower.Itwasjustacoupleofminutes（）Iwaswetthrough.

問題1選項

A.before

B.since

C.that

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查時態(tài)。A選項before“在……之前”，說明兩個時間或兩個事件之間的先后關系，句子一般用過去時，例如：Shedidn’tunderstandmebeforeIexplainedittoher.（在我向她解釋之前，她不理解我的意思。）；B選項since“自……以來”，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，例如：Heleftthevillagein1982andIhaven’tseenhimsincethen.（1982年他離開這個村子，從那以后，我沒再見過他。）；C選項that“那個”，做代詞或引導從句，這里在名詞后應該引導定語從句或者同位語從句，在此題中不適用，排除C選項。D選項until“直到……時候”，不符合句意，排除D選項。句意：我碰巧遇上陣雨了。只過了幾分鐘我就渾身濕透了。綜上所述，A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Chinawill___smokinginmostpublicplaceslaterthisyear.

問題1選項

A.ban

B.fight

C.against

D.object

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.ban禁止；取締B.fight與……斗爭

C.against反對，違反（介詞）D.object提出……作為反對的理由；反對；拒絕

【考查點】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】A、B、C、D四個選項都有“反對”的意思。由空格處可知，空格前是助動詞will，因此空格處填一個動詞?？崭窈蠼觿釉~的ing形式。只有A選項ban“禁止”滿足這兩個條件。因此選項A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項fight加介詞加doingsth；

C選項against是介詞；

D選項object的用法是objectsth或objecttodoingsth。

以上選項均不搭配。

【句意】今年晚些時候，中國將在大部分公共場所禁煙。

13.單選題

Theboyseemedmore（）totheirpovertyafterseeinghowhisgrandparentslived.

問題1選項

A.reconciled

B.consolidated

C.deteriorated

D.attributed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項“和解，調(diào)解”；B選項“鞏固的，統(tǒng)一的”；C選項“惡化的，已變質(zhì)的”；D選項“歸于，屬性化”，句意：看到爺爺奶奶的生活后，這個男孩似乎更（）他們的貧窮。bereconciledtosomething的意思是“甘于，接受”，本句想表達的意思在看過爺爺奶奶的生活后，男孩似乎能接受他們貧窮的生活了。因此A選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Icutmyfingertwodaysagoandithasbecomebadly______.

問題1選項

A.infected

B.decayed

C.deteriorated

D.diseased

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項infected“受感染的，受細菌污染的”，B項decayed“腐爛的，腐敗的”，C項deteriorated“惡化的，已變質(zhì)的”，D項diseased“不健全的，患病的”。根據(jù)前面的句子Icutmyfingertwodaysago“兩天以前我切到了手指”可知，空格部分表示“感染”符合語境。句意：我兩天前割破了手指，現(xiàn)在感染得很嚴重。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

15.翻譯題

計算機病毒系一小撮存心不良的黑客所為，這些人純屬為了搞惡作劇而編造有毒軟件。病毒是短行的軟件代碼，具有以下三個特征：第一，病毒把自己隱藏在合法的文件或程序之中；第二，病毒像細菌那樣進行復制以在計算機之間傳播；第三，病毒對計算機的所作所為可令你氣得發(fā)瘋。

【答案】Computervirusesarecreatedbyasmallgroupofevilhackerswhowriteharmfulsoftwarejustforthesakeoffun.Thevirusesareshort-linesoftwarecodes,witchhavethefollowingthreefeatures,first,theyhidethemselvesamonglegaldocumentsorprograms;second,theycancopythemselveslikebacteriatobetransferredamongcomputers;third,theireffectonyourcomputerswilldriveyoucrazyandmakeyoumad.

16.單選題

Kenlovestoarguejustforthesakeofarguing.Withsucha______personality,he’ssuretobeatriallawyer.

問題1選項

A.disputatious

B.captious

C.belligerent

D.malicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項disputatious“愛爭辯的”，B項captious“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”，C項belligerent“交戰(zhàn)的，好戰(zhàn)的”，D項malicious“惡意的，惡毒的”。根據(jù)前半句的意思“Ken喜歡為了爭論而爭論”可知，A項符合。句意：Ken喜歡為了爭論而爭論；有這樣一個好爭辯的性格，他一定會成為一名辯護律師。因此，該題選擇A項。

17.單選題

Therewereseveralexplanationsofthephenomenon,nobody______therightonethefirsttime.

問題1選項

A.gotholdof

B.agreedupon

C.hiton

D.caughtupwith

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項“gotholdof”意為“把握；抓?。坏玫健?；B選項“agreedupon”意為“對……取得一致意見；同意某主意”；C選項“hiton”意為“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；忽然想到”；D選項“caughtupwith”意為“趕上；逮捕；處罰”。句意：對這一現(xiàn)象有幾種解釋，但沒有人一開始就能忽然想到正確的解釋。由題干可知，therightone指正確的解釋，所以相應的動詞應該是想到。因此C選項符合題意。

18.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.

Historically,economistshavesaidthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome.However,ithasbeanfoundthatoncewealthreachesasubsistencelevel,itseffectivenessasageneratorofwell-beingisgreatlydiminished.ThisparadoxhasbeenreferredtoastheEasterinparadox.Thismeansthataspirationsincreasewithincome;afterbasicneedsaremet;relativeratherthanabsoluteincomelevelsinfluencewell-being.Happinesseconomistshopetochangethewaygovernmentsviewwell-beingandhowtomosteffectivelygovernandallocateresourcesgiventhisparadox.However,otherresearchsuggeststhatnoparadoxexists,andhappinessislinearlyrelatedtothelogarithmofabsolute(real,PPP-adjusted)income,withlittleornorelativeincomecomponent.

Moneycorrelateswithhappiness,buttheratediminisheswithmoremoney.In2010,twoeconomistsfoundthathigherearnersgenerallyreportedbetterlifesatisfaction,butpeople’sday-to-dayemotionalwell-beingonlyrosewithearningsuntilathresholdannualincomeof$75,000.Otherfactorshavebeensuggestedasmakingpeoplehappierthanmoney.Onestudy,whencorrectedforsocialstatus,showednocorrelationbetweenincomeandhappiness.

【答案】從歷史上看，經(jīng)濟學家曾說過經(jīng)濟收入能影響幸福指數(shù)。然而有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當財富達到基本的生活水平，它對幸福指數(shù)的影響力就會極大地減少。這個悖論被稱為伊斯特林悖論。這意味著愿望隨著收入而增加；在基本需求得到滿足之后；收入水平對幸福的影響是相對的，而不是絕對的了。鑒于這一悖論，幸福經(jīng)濟學家希望改變政府看待幸福的方式，以及如何最有效地管理和分配資源。然而，其他研究表明這種悖論不存在，幸福指數(shù)與絕對（實際的，根據(jù)購買力平價調(diào)整后的）收入的對數(shù)成線性相關，與收入的構成沒有什么關系。

金錢與幸福相關，但隨著金錢的增加，這一比率會下降。2010年，兩位經(jīng)濟學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，高收入者總體上表現(xiàn)出更好的生活滿意度，但是只有當年收入達到75000美元后，人們?nèi)粘５那楦行腋２艜S著收入的增加而增加。其他因素比金錢更能使人快樂。一項針對社會地位的研究表明，收入和幸福之間沒有相關性。

19.單選題

Thepolicearesuspicious（

）hiswordsbecausehealreadyhasarecord.

問題1選項

A.to

B.at

C.on

D.of

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。besuspiciousof“對……感到懷疑”。選項D符合題意。句意：警察對他的話感到懷疑因為他已經(jīng)做好了記錄。

20.翻譯題

ChinaDreamistheguidingideologyputforwardbyPresidentXiJinping.HebelievesthatitisthegreatestdreamoftheChinesenationinmoderntimes,andstatesthatthedreamcandefinitelyberealizeD.ThecoreobjectiveofChinaDreamistoachievethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Tobemorespecific,thatistorealizenationalprosperityandrejuvenation,aswellasthewell-beingofpeople.Anditsfundamentalrequirementistobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Onlywhenthecountryisdevelopedcomprehensivelyandscientifically,canindividualsrealizetheirdreams.Similarly,onlywheneveryoneisfullofpassion,canChinaDreambebeautiful.

【答案】中國夢，是習近平主席提出的指導思想。他認為，這是近代以來中華民族最偉大的夢想，這個夢想一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。中國夢的核心目標是實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興。具體來說，就是要實現(xiàn)國家富強、民族振興、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建設小康社會。只有國家全面科學發(fā)展，個人才能實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。同樣，只有每個人都充滿激情，中國夢才會美麗。

21.單選題

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly（

）ofhersuccess.

問題1選項

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。delightful“可愛的；令人愉快的”；graceful“優(yōu)雅的”；resentful“氣憤的；厭惡的”；respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世紀六十年早期搬到了紐約，明顯是為了逃離那些對她的成功嫉恨的朋友。選項C符合題意。

22.單選題

ThedevelopmentofthemodernpresidencyintheUnitedStatesbeganwithAndrewJacksonwhoswepttopowerin1829astheheadoftheDemocraticPartyandserveduntil1837.Duringhissecondterm,hisopponentshadgraduallycometogethertoformtheWhigparty,WhigsandDemocratshelddifferentattitudestowardthechangesbroughtaboutbythemarket,banks,andcommerce.TheDemocratstendedtoviewsocietyasacontinuingconflictbetween“thepeople”farmers,planters,andworkers-andasetofgreedyaristocrats.This“papermoneyaristocracy”ofbankersandinvestorsmanipulatedthebankingsystemfortheirownprofit,Democratsclaimed,andsappedthenation’svirtuebyencouragingspeculationandthedesireforsudden,unearnedwealth.TheDemocratswantedtherewardsofthemarketwithoutsacrificingthefeaturesofasimpleagrarianrepublic.Theywantedthewealththatthemarketofferedwithoutthecompetitive,changingsociety;thecomplexdealing:thedominanceofurbancenters;andthelosscamewithit.

Whigs,ontheotherhand,weremorecomfortablewiththemarket.Forthem,commerceandeconomicdevelopmentwereagentsofcivilization.NordidtheWhigsenvisionanyconflictinsocietybetweenfarmersandworkersontheonehandandbusinesspeopleandbankersontheother.Economicgrowthwouldbenefiteveryonebyraisingnationalincomeandexpandingopportunity.Thegovernment’sresponsibilitywastoprovideawell-regulatedeconomythatguaranteedopportunityforcitizensofability.

WhigsandDemocratsdifferednotonlyintheirattitudestowardthemarketbutalsoabouthowactivethecentralgovernmentshouldbeinpeople’slives.DespiteAndrewJackson’sinclinationtobeastrongPresident,Democratsasarulebelievedinlimitedgovernment.Governments’roleintheeconomywastopromotecompetitionbydestroyingmonopoliesandspecialprivileges.Inkeepingwiththisphilosophyoflimitedgovernment,Democratsalsorejectedtheideathatmoralbeliefswerethepropersphereofgovernmentaction.Religionandpolitics,theybelieved,shouldbekeptclearlyseparate,andtheygenerallyopposedhumanitarianlegislation.

TheWhigs,incontrast,viewedgovernmentpowerpositively.Theybelievedthatitshouldbeusedtoprotectindividualrightsandpublicliberty,andthatithadaspecialrolewhereindividualeffortwasineffective.Byregulatingtheeconomyandcompetition,thegovernmentcouldensureequalopportunity.Indeed,forWhigstheconceptofgovernmentpromotingthegeneralwelfarewentbeyondtheeconomy.Inparticular,WhigsinthenorthernsectionsoftheUnitedStatesalsobelievedthatgovernmentpowershouldbeusedtofosterthemoralwelfareofthecountry.Theyweremuchmorelikelytofavorsocial-reformlegislationandaidtoeducation.

Insomewaysthesocialmakeupofthetwopartieswassimilar.Tobecompetitiveinwinningvotes,WhigsandDemocratsbothhadtohavesignificantsupportamongfarmers,thelargestgroupinsociety,andworkers.Neitherpartycouldwinanelectionbyappealingexclusivelytotherichorthepoor.TheWhigs,however,enjoyeddisproportionatestrengthamongthebusinessandcommercialclasses.Democratsattractedfarmersisolatedfromthemarketoruncomfortablewithit,workersalienatedfromtheemergingindustrialsystem,andrisingentrepreneurswhowantedtobreakmonopoliesandopentheeconomytonewcomerslikethemselves.TheWhigswerestrongestinthetowns,cities,andthoseruralareasthatwerefullyintegratedintothemarketeconomy,whereasDemocratsdominatedareasofsemi-subsistencefarmingthatweremoreisolatedandpitifuleconomically.

1.Theauthormentions“bankersandinvestors”inthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

2.Accordingtoparagraph2,Whigsbelievedthatcommerceandeconomicdevelopmentwouldhavewhichofthefollowingeffectsonsociety?

3.ADemocratwouldbemostlikelytosupportgovernmentactioninwhichofthefollowingareas?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph4aboutvariationsinpoliticalreliefswithintheWhigParty?

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theDemocratsweresupportedbyallofthefollowinggroupsEXCEPT______.

問題1選項

A.TheDemocraticParty’smainsourceofsupport.

B.ThepeoplethatDemocratsclaimedwereunfairlybecomingrich.

C.Thepeoplemostinterestedinareturntoasimpleagrarianrepublic.