考研考博-英語-廣州航海學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州航海學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thenewscommentatorsaysthattheargumentthespeakerhaspresenteddoesnot（）water.

問題1選項

A.have

B.contain

C.include

D.hold

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。holdwater意為“站得住腳，合情合理，說得通”。這里指演講者提出的論點說不通。選項D正確。

2.單選題

TheauthorsoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionattemptedtoestablishaneffectivenationalgovernmentwhilepreserving（）forthestatesandlibertyforindividuals.

問題1選項

A.autonomy

B.dignity

C.monopoly

D.stability

【答案】A

【解析】autonomy自治；dignity尊嚴(yán),

高貴；monopoly壟斷；stability穩(wěn)定性。句意：撰寫美國國家憲法的人試圖建立一個高效的國家政府,

即能保證各個州的自治,

又能保證個人的自由。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

Whenmywife,Meg,sufferedaseverestrokethatimmobilizedherleftside,Iknewwewouldbefacingagruelingodysseyinvolvingseveralhospitals,dozensofdoctorsandcountlesstherapysessions.WhatIwasn’tpreparedforwastheAmericanWayofManagedHealthCare,asystemthatisbureaucraticandoftendysfunctional.Yes,medicalpractitionersintheUnitedStatesaregenerallyconsideredamongthebestintheworld,andmywifeprimarilyhadfirst-ratecare,buttheirback-officepractice—abusinessdominatedbythird-partypayers—isbadlyrunatworstandwoefullyconfusingatbest.

Meg’sstrokeoccurredwhilewewerevacationinginthesouthofFrancelastsummer.Afterbeingstabilizedintheemergencyroomofasmallhospital,shewastransferredimmediatelytoalargeteachinghospital,whereshereceivedexcellenttreatmentinaworld-renownedstrokepavilion.WhenIreceivedthebillforher2—1/2-weekstayatthePasteurHospitalinNice,Iaskedthedeputyadministratorforanitemizedstatement.IknewI’dneedtoshowittoourhealth-insurancecompany—theoneinvoiceformorethan20,000eurowouldn’tdo.Theadministratorwaspuzzled.Therewereonlytwodailyrates,heexplained,oneforsoinsintensifs—orintensivecare—andanotherfornon-acutecare.Therewerenoextracharges;thenumerousambulancetransfers,MRIbrainscans,X-raysandassortedtestsassociatedwithanyseriousinjuryorillnesswereall-inclusive.Infact,theonlysupplementwas10.67Euros—about$13—adayforfoodwhich,althoughnotthree-starbistroquality,wascertainlyabargain,andbetterthananythingyoucaneatinaU.S.hospital.

I’mnotarguingthattheFrenchhealth-caresystemshouldbeaworldbenchmark,butcomparedwithwhatwefacedwhenwereturnedhome;itwasamodelofsimplicityandefficiency.Ofcourse,everythinginAmericanmedicalcareisalacarte,andtheinvoicesaresodensewithcodesandabbreviations,it’sawonderanyonecandecipherthem.Ioftenwonder,howmuchdoesthiscosttheAmericanpublicannually?

AtoneNewYorkhospital,wereceivedbillsfromdoctorswe’dneverheardof,includingonewhochargedforanofficevisitwhenMegcouldn’tevengetoutofbed.Themanagedcareprovider’scomputersenthimacheckwithoutquestion.Hadhenotbilledusfortheco-paymentIneverwouldhavenoticedtheerror.Overthepastfewmonths,Ispenthoursclearingupthesekindsofmistakes.Adoctorfriendwhoheadsadepartmentinalargehospitaladmittedthatthesekindsofcomplaintsarealltoocommon.

Meg’smedicaltabhasreachednearly$300,000,whichseemsmonumental,evengiventhenatureofhercatastrophicinjury.Thankfully,wewerecoveredformostofit.Yet$90,000ofthatfigurehadlittleornothingtodowithpatientcare.Roughly30centsofeachhealth-caredollargoestoadministration,ortheprocessingofpaperwork.Ifthatfigurecouldbereducedbyathird,even$30,000wouldgoalongwaytowardextendingherrehabtreatments.(Meg’s2004benefitshaverunout.)

WhenMegwasfinallydischargedafterspending56daysinhospitals,wereceivedco-paymentbillsforhermedicalequipment,includinganitemizedstatementforeveryextraonherwheelchair(no,thebrakeextensions,footpedals,armrest,anti-tipbars,seatandseatbeltarenotincluded).Buttheproviderbilledustwoways,oneforleasingthechairandanotherforpurchase.Evennow,afternumerousphonecalls,Istilldon’tknowwhetherweownorarerentingthewheelchair.

Theoutpatientrehabtherapysessionspresentedtheirownsetofchallenges.Thehospitalsentanumberofbills—printedinalphanumericcodes—foradditionalthousandsofdollarseventhoughwemadetheproperco-paymentsatthetimeoftreatment.BillingadministratorsbarelyraisedaneyebrowwhenItoldthemIhadspenttoomuchtimeonholdandwouldnolongerbothercallingtodisputethecharges.(Wehavesincereceivedautomatedearly-morningphonecallsaskingustocontactthehospital.)

I’vecheckedwithotherswhohavehadprotractednegotiationswithhealth-careprovidersandinsurersovercomplexmedicaltreatment.Theyechomyfrustration.Whyisitincumbentontherecipienttospendcountlesshoursrectifyingthemedicaladministration’smistakes?Howmuchextradoesthisprocessaddtothenation’sannualhealth-carebill?

Medicare—ourgovernment-subsidizedsystemthatcaresfortheelderly—hasamuchbetterrecordinadministrativecosts.Itspendsbetweenthreeandfourcentsofeverydollaronpaperworkandprocessing.Asingle-payersystemiseasierandcheapertorun.We’vehadatwo-tierhealth-caresystemintheUnitedStatesforawhile,andonlyonetierworks.Isn’tittimeformanagedcaretoslimdownandhelpitspatientsgetbetterinsteadofburdeningthemwithneedlesslyexpensivepaperwork?

1.“Odyssey”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingconcerningtheFrenchmedicalsystemisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

3.WhichofthefollowingconcerningAmericanhealth-caresystemisNOTtrue?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAmericanhealth-caresystem?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

問題1選項

A.struggle

B.treatment

C.longjourney

D.time

問題2選項

A.Thehospitalprovidesgoodandcheapfood.

B.Thehospitalprovidesexcellenttreatmenttopatients.

C.Themanagementsystemissimpleandefficient.

D.Theonepageinvoiceisnotasclearasitemizedstatement.

問題3選項

A.Itiscomplex.

B.Itoftendoesnotwork.

C.Treatmentbillsarenotwithoutwork.

D.Onethirdoftheauthor’smoneywenttoadministration.

問題4選項

A.Angry

B.indifferent

C.Hopeful

D.Appreciative

問題5選項

A.complainaboutAmericanhealth-caresystem

B.appealforachangeinAmericanhealth-caresystem

C.criticizethesystemforitshighcostsinadministration

D.tellthereaderabouttheauthor’sexperiencesinthewholeprocess

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞可定位到原文第一段的第一句，作者的妻子患上了中風(fēng)，需要在幾家醫(yī)院，數(shù)十名醫(yī)生之間輾轉(zhuǎn)并接受無數(shù)次治療，這對于他們來說是艱辛而又漫長的一個過程。接著作者在第二段第一句提及，他的妻子中風(fēng)是去年夏天在法國度假的時候發(fā)生的，所以O(shè)dyssey指的是長途旅行，選項C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“…shereceivedexcellenttreatmentinaworld-renownedstrokepavilion.她在世界著名的中風(fēng)治療館受到了良好的治療?！笨芍x項B正確；根據(jù)第二段后面部分的內(nèi)容，作者拿著妻子住院的賬單去向院長要更詳細(xì)的說明用來向保險公司報銷。但法國醫(yī)院并不像美國醫(yī)院那么復(fù)雜，所有價格都包含在內(nèi)，沒有額外的收費(fèi)，除了每天10.67歐元的食物。由此可知，法國的醫(yī)院管理系統(tǒng)既簡單又高效，所以選項C正確；作者最后還說到醫(yī)院的食物雖然不是三星級餐廳的品質(zhì)，但很便宜，比美國醫(yī)院吃的任何東西都好，所以選項A也符合原文。只有選項D是不正確的，并不是這個賬單不夠詳細(xì)，而是法國的賬單就是如此簡單明了，涵蓋了所有費(fèi)用。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，作者妻子的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用已經(jīng)達(dá)到近30萬美元，其中9萬美元與病人護(hù)理幾乎沒有任何關(guān)系。這一比值應(yīng)該是十分之三，而不是三分之一。而且原文中也提及“Roughly30centsofeachhealth-caredollargoestoadministration,ortheprocessingofpaperwork.每一美元的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用中，大約有30美分用于行政管理或文書處理。”一美元等于100美分，所占比值為十分之三，所以選項D不正確。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者先是通過描寫法國醫(yī)院簡單高效的管理系統(tǒng)將其和美國醫(yī)院進(jìn)行對比，接著通過自己的親身事例表達(dá)了自己對美國醫(yī)院的抱怨和不滿，所以作者的態(tài)度是生氣的，選項A正確。

5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，作者雖然是在講述自己和妻子的親身經(jīng)歷，抱怨美國的醫(yī)療體系，批評醫(yī)療體系復(fù)雜并且收費(fèi)高，但作者不僅僅只是闡述事實，真正的目的是呼吁美國的醫(yī)療體系做出改變，所以選項B正確。

4.單選題

Mostpeopletravelinthecourseoftheirworkaregiventraveling（）

問題1選項

A.income

B.allowances

C.wages

D.pay

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。income“收入”；allowance“津貼”；wage“工資”；pay“付款，工資”。句意：大部分在工作過程中旅行的人都會有旅游津貼。選項B符合題意。

5.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

It’sabigmomentforBitcoin.(41)SenioreconomistFrancoisR.Veldewroteanelegantcritiqueofthefour-year-oldcurrency,explainingitsmechanics,limitations,andprospectsforsuccess,ultimatelydeemingita“remarkableconceptualandtechnicalachievement,whichmaywellbeusedbyexistingfinancialinstitutions.”(42)

(43)Producingabitcoin“atcurrentlevelsofdifficultyrequiresamachineworthabout$3,000andaboutadollar’sworthofelectricityperday,”meaningthecostofproducingonebitcoin,takingintoaccountthemachine’sdepreciationoverfiveyears,isabout$2.50.Whiletheestimateseemstodiscountthesteadilyrisingcosttohigher-poweredmachinesthatarenecessaryformorecomplexhashingandthepoolsofmachinesnecessaryformining—withBitcoinscurrentlyvaluedat100timesthat,youcanseewhycompaniesoffering‘mining’equipmentaredoingsuchgoodbusiness.

Veldepointsoutthatthereis$1,200billioncirculatinginU.S.currencycomparedto$1billioninBitcoin(whenheauthoredtheDecember2013paper).(44)Butevengiventhat,Bitcoinisa“relativelysmallphenomenon,”asVeldeputsit.“Butithasbeengrowing,”hewrites.“Thevalueofabitcoinhasincreasedtenfoldsinceearly2013.”

Tofurtherputitintothecontextofthelargereconomy,hewritesthat“thereareonaverageabout30bitcointransactionsperminute”vs.200,000Visatransactionsperminute,andthattheaveragebitcointransactionsizeis“about16,i.e.,ontheorderof$2,000”while“theaverageVisatransactionisabout$80.”(45)(Ofcourse,everyonceinawhilesomeonemightdropacoolmilonmininggear.)

“Sofar,theusesofbitcoinasamediumofexchangeappearlimited,particularlyifoneexcludesillegalactivities,”notesVelde.“Ithasbeenusedasameanstotransferfundsoutsideoftraditionalandregulatedchannelsand,presumably,asaspeculativeinvestmentopportunity.”

A.Veldestartsoutbylayingoutthenumbers.

B.Forthosewhohaveponderedwhatbitcoinactuallyis—currencyvs.stockvs.money—Veldehasananswer.

C.IfthiswereEconomicMeanGirls,thisisthepartofthemoviewhereLindsay“Bitcoin”Lohangetsfriendedbythepowerful,popularcrowd.

D.Atthatlevelofspending,it’sfairlyobviousthatmostoftheactivityhappeninginBitcoinisnotactuallybuyingthings(asIdidinMay),butrathertrading.

E.Thankstoarecentpricesurgetoover$250,themarketcapforthenearly12millionBitcoininexistenceisnowwellover$3billion.

F.ThedigitalcurrencyhasgottenanofficialnodfromtheoverseerofU.S.currencyintheformofaprimeroutoftheFederalReserveBankofChicago.

【答案】41.F

42.C

43.A

44.E

45.D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Veldestartsoutbylayingoutthenumbers.A.維爾德首先列出了這些數(shù)字。

B.Forthosewhohaveponderedwhatbitcoinactuallyis—currencyvs.stockvs.money—Veldehasananswer.B.對于那些一直在思考比特幣到底是貨幣、股票還是金錢的人來說，維爾德有一個答案。

C.IfthiswereEconomicMeanGirls,thisisthepartofthemoviewhereLindsay“Bitcoin”Lohangetsfriendedbythepowerful,popularcrowd.C.如果這是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的《卑鄙女孩》，那么比特幣就是電影中的林賽?羅韓，受到了大家的歡迎。

D.Atthatlevelofspending,it’sfairlyobviousthatmostoftheactivityhappeninginBitcoinisnotactuallybuyingthings(asIdidinMay),butrathertrading.D.在這樣的消費(fèi)水平上，很明顯，大多數(shù)用比特幣進(jìn)行的活動實際上不是購買東西，就像我在5月份做的那樣，而是交易。

E.Thankstoarecentpricesurgetoover$250,themarketcapforthenearly12millionBitcoininexistenceisnowwellover$3billion.E.由于最近比特幣價格飆升至250美元以上，現(xiàn)有的近1200萬比特幣的市值現(xiàn)在遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過30億美元。

F.ThedigitalcurrencyhasgottenanofficialnodfromtheoverseerofU.S.currencyintheformofaprimeroutoftheFederalReserveBankofChicago.F.這種數(shù)字貨幣已經(jīng)以芝加哥聯(lián)邦儲備銀行入門級的形式得到了美元監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的正式認(rèn)可。

41.由第一句“這是比特幣的重要時刻（bigmoment）”，以及第二句中的“最終認(rèn)為它是一個卓越的概念和技術(shù)成就，很可能被現(xiàn)有的金融機(jī)構(gòu)使用”，可知，比特幣的重要時刻就是被認(rèn)可，所以F項正確。

42.這一段講的是比特幣被美元監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)可，并且被認(rèn)為是一個卓越的概念和技術(shù)成就，那么比特幣會被人們所歡迎和支持，所以C項正確。

43.根據(jù)該段后面兩句，其中提到了一些數(shù)字，如“生產(chǎn)一個比特幣需要一臺價值約3000美元的機(jī)器，每天需要消耗約1美元的電力”，而且中間三段闡述了很多關(guān)于比特幣的一些數(shù)據(jù)，所以該段第一句填入A項正確。

44.由該段最后一句“自2013年初以來，比特幣的價值已經(jīng)增長了10倍”可知，空格處可能是與比特幣的價值有關(guān)，而第一句提到“目前流通的美元有1.2萬億美元，而比特幣只有10億美元”，可推測第二句要講的是比特幣價值的上漲，所以E項正確。

45.該段第一句提到“每一分鐘平均約有30比特幣交易（transactions），相當(dāng)于每分鐘20萬筆簽證交易，比特幣交易的平均規(guī)模是大約16次，即2000美元左右，而簽證交易平均額約為80美元”，可知，比特幣的消費(fèi)水平比較高，并且成為一種交易，所以D項正確。

6.不定項選擇題

Watermakesupnearlythree-quartersoftheEarth’ssurface,butitdoesmorethanjustcoverourplanet—italsoplaysavitalroleinshapingit.

ConsidertheGrandCanyon.Measuring277mileslong,18mileswideandmorethan1miledeep,itisconsideredoneoftheSevenNaturalWondersoftheWorldandattractsmorethan5millionvisitorsperyear.ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.

Weatheringistheprocessbywhichmovingwaterbreaksdownsoil,rockandminerals,anderosionistheprocessbywhichtheflowingwatertransportssoilandrockfromonespotanddepositsitelsewhere.Thetwoprocessesoftenoccurinconjunction.

Weatheringanderosionareveryslowprocesses.GeologistsbelievetheColoradoRiverhasbeenflowingthroughtheGrandCanyonforatleast17millionyears,andithasbeengraduallyshapingthecanyonthisentiretime.TheflowingwateroftheriveranditstributarieshascarvedawayattherockoftheColoradoPlateau,creatingthesightwearefamiliarwithtoday.

Cavesandcavernsareanotherexampleofweatheringanderosion.Limestonecaves,suchastheCarlsbadCavernsinNewMexico,areformedwhenrainwatermixeswithcarbondioxideinthegroundandwearsawayatthelimestone.Seacaves,whichcanbefoundalongcoastlines,areformedwhenpowerfulwavescrashagainsttheshoreandbreakawaychunksofrock.Icecavesareformedwhenglaciersmeltandtheicemeltflowsacrossthegroundasastream.

Youdon’thavetotravelveryfartoseetheeffectsofweatheringanderosionforyourself,though.Ifyou’veeverbeentothebeach,you’vealreadyseenevidenceofhowpowerfulofaforcemovingwatercanbe—andallyouhadtodowaslookdown.Thesandcoveringthebeachisactuallytheresultofrocksbeingbrokendownintotinypiecesandthenwashedashorebythewaves.

AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.Whenhillsidesormountainsidesaregraduallywornaway,theycanbecomeunstableandbreakdown,especiallywhentriggeredbyextremeweathersuchasfloods,heavyrainorsnow.Everyyear,landslidescausemassiveamountsofpropertydamageandcasualties.

1.WhataretheprocessesbywhichwatercanshapetheEarth?

2.Whatdoestheauthordescribeinthepassage?

3.HowdoestheauthorpresenttheGrandCanyon?

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormentionslandslidestomakethepointthaterosion________.

問題1選項

A.Deforestationandclimatechange.

B.Weatheringanderosion.

C.Soilproductivityandfertilization.

D.Deepplowingandcroprotation.

問題2選項

A.Thepositiveeffectsofindustrialization.

B.ThetourismindustryaroundtheGrandCanyon.

C.Thehistoryofclimatechange.

D.Thewaysthatmovingwatercanshapeandchangetheland.

問題3選項

A.Aseffectsoflandslides.

B.Asgeologicalmysteries.

C.Asnegativeeffectsoferosion.

D.Aspositiveeffectsoferosion.

問題4選項

A.isoftenbeneficial

B.isaveryslowprocess

C.canhaveharmfuleffects

D.canhelpshapecavesandcaverns

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項“荒漠化和環(huán)境變化”；B選項“風(fēng)化和侵蝕”；C選項“土地生產(chǎn)率和肥料”；D選項“深耕和輪耕”。根據(jù)題干的watercanshapeearth，我們定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（這種物理奇跡是科羅拉多的水通過侵蝕和腐蝕而創(chuàng)作出來的。）答案選B，其他選項與題無關(guān)。

第2題:主旨大意題。A選項“工業(yè)化的積極影響”；B選項“科羅拉多大峽谷周圍的旅游業(yè)”；C選項“環(huán)境變化的歷史”；D選項“流水改變大地的方式”；整篇文章沒有提及工業(yè)化和環(huán)境變化，A，C排除；文章只是用科羅拉多峽谷的變化來引入主題，沒有提及峽谷周圍的旅游業(yè)，所以B選項排除；文章第一句話點出主題后，后面都是談的水對地形的變化，所以正確答案選D。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思“作者怎么展現(xiàn)大峽谷的？”；A選項“滑坡影響”；B選項“作為地理之謎”；C選項“侵蝕的消極影響”；D選項“侵蝕的積極影響”。根據(jù)題干的watercanshapeearth定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.（這種地理奇跡是科羅拉多的水通過侵蝕和腐蝕而創(chuàng)作出來的。）由此可以看出科羅拉多大峽谷是地理奇跡而不是地理之謎，排除A；然后定位到最后一段第一句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（雖然風(fēng)化和侵蝕造就了像沙灘和大峽谷這樣的美麗景觀，但也有很多負(fù)面的影響?；率乔治g所帶來的最危險的副作用之一。）從這句可以看出大峽谷是水的侵蝕作用的積極影響，而滑坡是負(fù)面影響，所以排除A、C，答案選D。

第4題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思“最后一段，作者提到滑坡是為了證明：侵蝕（）”；A選項“總是有益的”；B選項“緩慢的過程”；C選項“有負(fù)面影響”；D選項“能幫助形成洞穴和峽谷”。根據(jù)題干，我們定位到最后一段，最后一段第一句話是主旨句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.（雖然風(fēng)化和侵蝕造就了像沙灘和大峽谷這樣的美麗景觀，但也有很多負(fù)面的影響?；率乔治g所帶來的最危險的副作用之一。）從although這個轉(zhuǎn)折詞可以看出來，整篇文章是要講侵蝕的不好的方面了，所以答案C正確。A，B，D選項雖然在前文中都說到了，但是根據(jù)題干Inthelastparagraph，答案只能選C。

7.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.

問題1選項

A.regime

B.prestige

C.superiority

D.legislature

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項regime“政權(quán)；政體；社會制度；管理體制”；B選項prestige“威望；聲望；聲譽(yù)”；C選項superiority“優(yōu)越；優(yōu)勢”；D選項legislature“立法機(jī)關(guān)；立法機(jī)構(gòu)”。句意：在一個給予那些有進(jìn)取心且相當(dāng)有競爭力的人很多聲譽(yù)的社會里，大衛(wèi)傾向于認(rèn)為自己無用且不被該社會所需要。根據(jù)句意可知B選項正確。

8.單選題

Theseseatsare（

）foroldandsickpeople.

問題1選項

A.conserved

B.deserved

C.preserved

D.reserved

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項conserved“保存，保全”；B選項deserved“值得”；C選項preserved“保藏”；D選項reserved“保留”。句意：這些座位是留給老人和病人的。bereservedfor意為“為…保留”，所以選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Shethinksaboutnothingbutdancing.Sheiscompletely（）toit.

問題1選項

A.addicted

B.absorbed

C.involved

D.interested

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項addict“使沉迷，使上癮”，一般和介詞to搭配；B選項absorb“承受，理解，使..全神貫注”，一般和介詞in搭配；C選項involve“涉及，使陷于，潛心于”，一般和介詞in搭配；D選項interest“感興趣”，一般和介詞in搭配。根據(jù)句意“她只想跳舞。她完全上癮了?！敝挥羞x項A能和介詞to搭配，所以A正確。

10.填空題

Anewgraduatestudent（1）ourresearchgroupyesterday.（2）enough,hehasthesamename（3）ourprofessor.（4）ofthemare

namedMichaelWilson.ProfessorWilsonisonly39,andwe’realwayscalledhim“Mike”.To（5）confusion,we’vedecidedtocallthenewmemberofourresearchgroup“Michael”，（6）thoughitdoessoundabitformalespeciallywhenweuseanicknametoaddresstheprofessorwho（7）ourgroup.

大意:昨天，一個新畢業(yè)生加入了我們的研究團(tuán)隊。奇怪的是，他和我們的教授同名，他們兩個都叫邁克?威爾遜。威爾遜教授只有39歲，所以我們經(jīng)常叫他“Mike”。為了避免混亂，我們還是決定叫新成員為“Michael”一一盡管這聽起來有些正式，尤其是當(dāng)我們用昵稱稱呼領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們團(tuán)隊的教授時候。

【答案】1.joined

2.Funny

3.as

4.Both

5.avoid

6.even

7.leads

【解析】1.詞匯題。句意:昨天，一個新畢業(yè)生加入了我們的研究團(tuán)隊。

2.詞匯題。后文說:新來的成員和教授同名,可推斷前文應(yīng)為“有趣的是”。所以此處填入形容詞funny。

3.固定搭配。Thesameas與…一樣。

4.固定搭配。BothofAandB兩者都…。

5.詞匯題。句意:為了避免混亂，我們還是決定叫新成員為“Michael”。

6.邏輯分析。句意:盡管這聽起來有些正式,而且空格后為though，因此此處填even表示讓步。

7.詞匯題。這里是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞theprofessor，所以空格處的動詞應(yīng)與賓語ourgroup搭配，而且定語從句中主語為theprofessor,因此填leads。

11.單選題

V.CivilandCommercialLaw

Theabsenceofprivityofcontractprecludedapersonfromrecoveringagainstanegligentactorwhocausedthatpersonharm,whereverthenegligentactconstitutedabreachofcontractwithsomeoneelse.TheHouseofLordsinDonoghuev.Stevensonruledthatmanufacturersdidoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumernottocreaterisksofharmthroughthemanufacturingprocess.InreachingthisconclusiontheCourtexaminedthespecifickindsofdutieswhichthelawhadimposedinavarietyofsituationsandderivedtherefromageneralprincipleforthelawofnegligence.

InthewordsofLordAtkin:AtpresentIcontentmyselfwithpointingoutthatinEnglishlawtheremustbe,andis,somegeneralconceptionofrelationsgivingrisetoadutyofcare,ofwhichtheparticularcasesfoundinthebooksarebutinstances.Theliabilityfornegligence,whetheryoustyleitsuchortreatitasinothersystemsasaspeciesof“culpa”,isnodoubtbaseduponageneralpublicsentimentofmoralwrongdoingforwhichtheoffendermustpay.Butactsoromissionswhichanymoralcodewouldcensurecannotinapracticalworldbetreatedsoastogivearighttoeverypersoninjuredbythemtodemandrelief.Inthiswayrulesoflawarisewhichlimittherangeofcomplainantsandtheextentoftheirremedy.Therulethatyouaretoloveyourneighborbecomesinlaw,youmustnotinjureyourneighbor;andthelawyer’squestion,whoismyneighbor?receivesarestrictedreply.Youmusttakereasonablecaretoavoidactsoromissionswhichyoucanreasonablyforeseewouldbelikelytoinjureyourneighbor.Who,then,inlawismyneighbor?TheanswerseemstobepersonswhoaresocloselyanddirectlyaffectedbymyactthatIoughtreasonablytohavethemincontemplationasbeingsoaffectedwhenIamdirectingmymindtotheactsoromissionswhicharecalledinquestion.TheunderlyingstructureofthereasoningofLordAtkin’sjudgmentmaybestatedasfollows:(1)Thereareasetofcaseswherecourtshavefoundliabilityforfailingtotakecare.(2)Inthesecasesthecourtsestablishedastandardofcare.(3)Inthesesituationswecaninferfromthefactthatthelawimposesaduty(standardofcare)totakecare.Thelawofnegligenceextendstothiskindofactivity.

1.Accordingtothefirstsentence,apersoninjuredmaynotbeabletorecoveragainstanegligentactorwhocausedtheharmbecause___.

2.LordAtkinthinksthat___.

3.Inthesenseoftortlaw,aneighborisonewho___.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasoningforthelawofnegligence___.

問題1選項

A.therelacksarelationofcontractbetweenthetwo

B.theydonotknoweachother

C.theactorisnegligent

D.manufacturersdonotoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumer

問題2選項

A.Englishlawdoesnothaveageneralconceptionofdutyofcare

B.theliabilityfornegligenceshouldbestyledasaspeciesof“culpa”

C.theliabilityfornegligenceisbaseduponapublicunderstandingthatoffendersmustpayfortheirwrongdoing

D.everypersoninjuredshouldbegivenarighttodemandrelief

問題3選項

A.livesnextdoortoyou

B.youoweadutyofcare

C.shouldbetakengoodcareof

D.hasfriendlyrelationshipwithyou

問題4選項

A.Thereisadutytotakecareimposedbylaw

B.Thedoerfailedtotakecare

C.Thefailurecauseddamagesorinjurytoothers

D.Thedoerhasforeseentheresult

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句Theabsenceofprivityofcontractprecludedapersonfromrecoveringagainstanegligentactorwhocausedthatpersonharm,whereverthenegligentactconstitutedabreachofcontractwithsomeoneelse.（合同相對性的缺失使一個人無法對給自己造成傷害的過失行為人獲得賠償，無論該過失行為是否構(gòu)成了對他人的違約）可知選A選項“兩者之間缺乏契約關(guān)系”；B選項“他們彼此不認(rèn)識”，C選項“行為人疏忽”第一段未提及；根據(jù)第一段第二句TheHouseofLordsinDonoghuev.Stevensonruledthatmanufacturersdidoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumernottocreaterisksofharmthroughthemanufacturingprocess.（英國上議院在Donoghuev.Stevenson案中裁定，制造商確實對最終消費(fèi)者負(fù)有注意義務(wù)，不應(yīng)在制造過程中造成傷害風(fēng)險）可知D選項“制造商對最終消費(fèi)者不負(fù)有注意義務(wù)”和原文相悖。因此A選項正確。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Theliabilityfornegligence,whetheryoustyleitsuchortreatitasinothersystemsasaspeciesof“culpa”,isnodoubtbaseduponageneralpublicsentimentofmoralwrongdoingforwhichtheoffendermustpay.（過失責(zé)任，無論你將其視為“罪犯”的一種，或?qū)⑵湟暈槠渌贫戎械囊环N，無疑是基于公眾普遍的道德錯誤情緒，而犯罪者必須為此付出代價）可知C選項“過失責(zé)任的基礎(chǔ)是公眾認(rèn)識到違法者必須為他們的過錯付出代價”正確；根據(jù)第二段開頭InthewordsofLordAtkin:AtpresentIcontentmyselfwithpointingoutthatinEnglishlawtheremustbe,andis,somegeneralconceptionofrelationsgivingrisetoadutyofcare,ofwhichtheparticularcasesfoundinthebooksarebutinstances.（用阿特金勛爵的話說：目前我滿足于指出，在英國法律中，必須而且是一些關(guān)系的一般概念，產(chǎn)生了一種謹(jǐn)慎的義務(wù)，書中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的特殊情況只是實例）可知A選項“英國法沒有注意義務(wù)的一般概念”和原文相悖；B選項“過失責(zé)任應(yīng)該被定義為一種‘過失’”原文沒有直接說明；第二段Butactsoromissionswhichanymoralcodewouldcensurecannotinapracticalworldbetreatedsoastogivearighttoeverypersoninjuredbythemtodemandrelief.（但是，在現(xiàn)實世界中，任何道德準(zhǔn)則都不會責(zé)難的作為或不作為都不能被視為給予每一個受其傷害的人要求救濟(jì)的權(quán)利）可知D選項“每個受傷的人都應(yīng)該被賦予要求救濟(jì)的權(quán)利”不符合原文。因此C選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Who,then,inlawismyneighbor?TheanswerseemstobepersonswhoaresocloselyanddirectlyaffectedbymyactthatIoughtreasonablytohavethemincontemplationasbeingsoaffectedwhenIamdirectingmymindtotheactsoromissionswhicharecalledinquestion.（這樣，誰是我的鄰舍呢？答案似乎是——那些受到我的行為密切而直接影響的人，當(dāng)我將我的思想導(dǎo)向被質(zhì)疑的作為或不作為時，我應(yīng)該合理地考慮他們是如何受到影響的）可知在侵權(quán)法的意義上，鄰居是會受到“我”行為密切影響的人，“我”需要考慮他們是如何受到影響，選B選項“你應(yīng)負(fù)注意義務(wù)”；A選項“住在你隔壁”，D選項“與你有友好的關(guān)系”原文未提及；原文只是說“我”的行為會密切和直接影響鄰居，沒有要求必須好好照顧?quán)従?，C選項“應(yīng)該被好好照顧”錯誤。因此B選項正確。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段末TheunderlyingstructureofthereasoningofLordAtkin’sjudgmentmaybestatedasfollows:(1)Thereareasetofcaseswherecourtshavefoundliabilityforfailingtotakecare.(2)Inthesecasesthecourtsestablishedastandardofcare.(3)Inthesesituationswecaninferfromthefactthatthelawimposesaduty(standardofcare)totakecare.Thelawofnegligenceextendstothiskindofactivity.（阿特金勛爵的判決推理的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以說如下：（1）在一系列案件中，法院發(fā)現(xiàn)了因疏忽而應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。（2）在這些案件中，法院確立了謹(jǐn)慎的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。（3）在這些情況下，我們可以從法律規(guī)定的注意義務(wù)（注意標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）中推斷出來。過失法也適用于這種行為）可知A選項“法律規(guī)定有謹(jǐn)慎的義務(wù)”，B選項“行事者沒有注意”符合原文，同時可知D選項“行為者已經(jīng)預(yù)見了結(jié)果”和原文相悖，原文明確提出在一系列案件中，法院發(fā)現(xiàn)了因疏忽而應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任；根據(jù)第一段TheHouseofLordsinDonoghuev.Stevensonruledthatmanufacturersdidoweadutyofcaretotheultimateconsumernottocreaterisksofharmthroughthemanufacturingprocess.（英國上議院在Donoghuev.Stevenson案中裁定，制造商確實對最終消費(fèi)者負(fù)有注意義務(wù)，不應(yīng)在制造過程中造成傷害風(fēng)險）可知造成傷害風(fēng)險的話是需要承擔(dān)義務(wù)，則為C選項“該故障對他人造成損害或傷害”也屬于過失法的理由。因此D選項符合題意。

12.單選題

問題1選項

A.Animalabuseorcruelty.

B.Theevolutionofanimals.

C.Thehistoryofanimalhunting.

D.Anendangeredanimalspecies.

【答案】D

【解析】2.W:TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.

M:Mygreatgrandfatherwasahunter,andheusedtohuntSiberiantigers.Ireallywishhehadn’t.

Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這兩個人在談?wù)撌裁?？由文中“TheSiberiantigersarethelargestlivinganimalsinthecatfamily.Unfortunately,thereareonlyafewhundredalivenow.（西伯利亞虎是現(xiàn)存最大的貓科動物。不幸的是，現(xiàn)在只有幾百只還活著。）”，可知他們在談?wù)摰氖恰盀l臨滅絕的野生動物”，所以D選項“Anendangeredanimalspecies（一種瀕臨滅絕的動物）”符合原文。A選項“殘酷的虐待動物”；B選項“動物的進(jìn)化”；C選項“動物狩獵的歷史”不符合原文。

13.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentreducedthetaxonpetrolasa（）tothepublicoutcry.

問題1選項

A.conception

B.consensus

C.contempt

D.concession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項conception“懷孕；概念；設(shè)想”；B選項consensus“一致；輿論；合意”；C選項contempt“輕視，蔑視；恥辱”；D選項concession“讓步；承認(rèn)；退位”。句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣疁p少汽油稅來當(dāng)作對公眾強(qiáng)烈抗議的讓步。根據(jù)句意可知D選項正確。

14.單選題

Thesaleofalcoholicbeveragesis（）tothoseabove21insomeregi