考研考博-英語-云南司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南司法警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

21-25

問題1選項

A.Heisamanwhohasageneoflongevity.

B.HeisaprofessoratBostonUniversity.

C.HeistheownerofthewebsiteT.

D.Heisthecreatorofawebsiteonlongevity.

問題2選項

A.Womendon'tlikeredmeatasmuchasmen.

B.Thehighestrogenlevelinwomenmakesthedifferences.

C.Womendevelopcardiovasculardiseasemuchlaterthanmen.

D.Theincidenceofcardiovasculardiseaseismuchlowerinwomen.

問題3選項

A.intheir50sand60s.

B.intheir60sand70s.

C.intheir70sand80s.

D.intheir80sand90s.

問題4選項

A.Calcium.

B.Lodine(骨關(guān)節(jié)炎).

C.Zinc.

D.Iron.

問題5選項

A.Thereasonwhyredmeatisharmfultohealth.

B.Thereasonwhyvegetarianfoodissopopular.

C.Anotherpossibilityforwomen'slongevity.

D.Theimportantroleironplaysincellularreactions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】Acrosstheindustrializedworld,womenstilllive5to10yearslongerthanmen.Amongpeopleover100yearsold,85%arewomen,(21)accordingtoTomPerls,founderoftheNewEnglandCentenarianStudyatBostonUniversityandcreatorofthewebsiteL.Taskshimwhy.

Whydowomenlivelongerthanmen?

(22)Oneimportantreasonisthebigdelay—andadvantage—womenhaveovermenintermsofcardiovasculardisease,likeheartattackandstroke.(23)Womendeveloptheseproblemsusuallyintheir70sand80s,about10yearslaterthanmen

whodevelopthemintheir50sand60s.Foralongtime,doctorsthoughtthedifferencewasduetoestrogen.Butstudieshaveshownthatthismaynotbethecase,andnowweknowthatgivingestrogentowomenpost-menopausecanactuallybebadforthem.

Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE(24)(25)Onereasonforthatdelayinonsetofcardiovasculardiseasecouldbethatwomenarerelativelyiron-deficientcomparedtomen—especiallyyoungermen,thoseintheirlateteensandearly20s—becauseofmenstruation.Ironplaysanveryimportantpartinthereactionsinourcellsthatproducedamagingfreeradicals,whichglueontocellmembranesandDNA,andmaytranslateintoagingthecell.Infact,inourdiets,redmeatisthemainsourceofiron,andlackofironisprobablyonemajorreasonthatbeingvegetarianishealthyforyou.TherewasaverygoodstudylookingattheintakeofredmeatandheartdiseaseinLeidenintheNetherlands:inregionswherepeopledidn'teatredmeat,thosepopulationshadhalftherateofheartattackandstrokecomparedtothepopulationsthatdideatredmeat.

21.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueaboutTomPerls,founderoftheNewEnglandCentenarianStudy?

【解析】細節(jié)題。此人是波士頓大學(xué)某個研究中心的，但并未說他是教授。故選D

22.AccordingtoTomPerls,whichofthefollowingmightbeanimportantreasonthatwomenlivelongerthanmen?

【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中所述，女性比男性普遍壽命長的原因是女性患心腦血管疾病的年紀比男性晚。

23.Accordingtothepassage,whendomenusuallydevelopcardiovasculardisease?

【解析】細節(jié)題。文中說到女性通常在七八十歲時出現(xiàn)問題，比男性晚10年左右，而男性則在六七十歲時出現(xiàn)問題。

24.Comparedtomen,whichofthefollowingiswomenrelativelydeficientin?

【解析】細節(jié)題。文中說到女性因為例假造成鐵元素缺乏。

25.Whatmightthenextparagraphdiscuss?

【解析】細節(jié)題。本文主題講到oneofthereasons證明下文還要講其它原因，故選C。

2.單選題

ByfarthemostimportantUnitedStatesexportproductinthe18and19centurieswascottonfavoredbytheEuropeantextileoverflaxorwoolbecauseitwaseasytoprocessandsofttotouch.Mechanizationofspinningandweavingallowedsignificantcentralizationandexpansioninthetextileindustryduringthisperiodandatthesametimethedemandforcottonincreaseddramatically.AmericanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargelybecauseoftheinventionofthecottonginbyEliWhiteyin1793.CottoncouldbegrownthroughouttheSouth,butseparatingthefiber-orlint--fromtheseedwasalaboriousprocess.Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelongandseedswereconcentratedatthebaseoftheflowerbutisdemandedlonggrowingseason,availableonlyalongthenationscasterseacoast.Short-staplecottonrequiredamuchshortergrowingseason,buttheshortnessofthefibersandtheirmixturewithseedsmeantthataworkercouldhand-processonlyaboutonepoundperday.Whitney'sginwasahand-poweredmachinewithrevolvingdrumsandmetalteethtopullcottonfibersawayfromseeds.Usingthegin,aworkercouldproduceupto50poundsoflintaday.Thelaterdevelopmentoflargerginspoweredbyhorses,water,orstream,multipliedproductivityfurther.

TheinteractionofimprovedprocessingandhighdemandledtoarapidspreadofthecultivationofcottonandtoasurgeinproductionItbecamethemainAmericanexportdwarfingallothers.In1802cottoncomposed14percentoftotalAmericanexportsbyvalue.Cottonhada36percentshareby1810andover50percentsharein1830.In1860,61percentofthevalueofAmericanexportswasrepresentedbycotton.

Incontrast,wheatandwheatflourcomposedonly6percentofthevalueofAmericanexportsinthatyear.Clearly,cottonwaskinginthetradeoftheyoungrepublic.ThegrowingmarketforcottonandotherAmericanagriculturalproductsledtoanunprecedentedexpansionofagriculturalsettlement,mostlyintheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates—westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.

1.Themainpointofthepassageisthatthe18and19centurieswereatimewhen

（）

2.AllofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageasreasonsfortheincreaseddemandforcottonEXCEPT（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,oneadvantageofSeaislandcottonwasits（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutcotton-productionintheUnitedStatesaftertheintroductionofWhitney'scottongin?

5.Accordingtothepassage,theMississippiRiverwas（）.

問題1選項

A.theEuropeantextileindustryincreaseditsdemandforAmericanexportproducts

B.CottonbecamethemostimportantAmericanexportproduct

C.Cottonbecameaprofitablecropbutwasstilltime-consumingtoprocess

D.Mechanizationforspinningandweavingdramaticallychangedthetextileindustry

問題2選項

A.cotton’ssoftness

B.cotton’scaseofprocessing

C.ashortageofflaxandwool

D.thegrowththatoccurredinthetextileindustry

問題3選項

A.abundanceofseeds

B.adaptabilitytodifferentclimates

C.longgrowingseason

D.longfibers

問題4選項

A.MorecottoncomefromSeaInlandcottonplantsthanbefore.

B.Morecottoncamefromshort-staplecottonplantsthanbefore.

C.Mostcottonproducedwassolddomestically.

D.MostcottonproducedwasexportedtoEngland.

問題5選項

A.oneoftheboundariesofaregionwherenewagriculturalsettlementlookplace

B.amajorsourceofwaterforagriculturalcrops

C.theprimaryroutebywhichagriculturalcropsweretransported

D.amainsourceofpowerformostagriculturalmachinery

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知歐洲紡織業(yè)更傾向于棉花，因為它易于加工，所以首先排除選項C。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Mechanizationofspinning...Americanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargely...”可推斷選項B正確。選項A中exportproducts有歧義，因為當時美國出口的主要產(chǎn)品是毛皮，隨著歐洲紡織業(yè)對棉花的偏愛，所以現(xiàn)在棉花成了美國最主要的出口產(chǎn)品。

第2題:根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，文中沒有信息表明亞麻和羊毛的短缺才導(dǎo)致對棉花需求的增加。其他三項都正確。

第3題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Seaislandcotton”定位到第一段“Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelong...”選項D正確。

第4題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的后半部分“Whitney'sgin...aworkercouldproduceupto50percentsoflintaday.”引進了Whitney的軋棉機之后，使得短絨棉的生產(chǎn)大大提高，選項B正確。

第5題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MississippiRiver”定位到最后一段的最后一句“Thegrowingmarket...westoftheAppalachianMountainsandeastoftheMississippiRiver.”棉花和其他美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場的不斷增長導(dǎo)致了農(nóng)業(yè)定居點的空前擴張，主要集中在美國東部的一半地區(qū)——阿巴拉契亞山脈以西和密西西比河以東。由此推斷，密西西比河是新農(nóng)業(yè)所在地區(qū)的邊界之一。選項A符合原文。

3.單選題

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(an)（）way.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris（）inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality

C.Enjoyableinperfomiance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

問題2選項

A.quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous

問題3選項

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife.

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

問題4選項

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

問題5選項

A.ArtificialRelationships

B.HowtoFormIntimateRelationships

C.TheAffectionateMachine

D.HumansandComputers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。A:在交流上是生動的,第一段指出:Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions(這個機械將不是被動的參與者，而將會增加自己的建議、信息和意見),由此可知A項屬于理想伴侶機械的特點。B:在個性上有吸引力,由最后一段中“Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive...(這個電腦自己的個性將是充滿生氣且令人印象深刻……)可知B項屬于理想伴侶機械的特點。C:在表現(xiàn)上令人愉快,第一段指出:Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner(想的伴侶機械（即電腦）將不僅僅在外表、感覺和聲音上是友好的，且還會被編程去以令人愉快的方式來表現(xiàn)),因此C屬于理想伴侶機械的特點。D:在行為上無法預(yù)測,由第一段中“yetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(但是這個機械（即電腦）也仍然稍微有些不可預(yù)測)”可知D不符合原文所述。因此選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(這整個過程（即人與電腦之間友誼形成的過程）將會以一種微妙的方式來實現(xiàn)，以便避免去給出一個將可能引起惱怒的過度親密的印象),因此D項“難以察覺的”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。A:能發(fā)起一段有趣的對話,第一段指出:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopic(它有時會主動提出或改變互動的活題),因此A項符合原文所述。B:受先前的交流影響,文章并未提及。C:準備去了解人的生活,由第一段中“initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(在電腦首次與人進行互動時，它可能有些遲疑，但隨著對使用者的了解，在互動吋它會變得更放松且親密)”可知C項符合原文所述。D:有一個令人喜歡且能隨機應(yīng)變的個性,最后一段指出:itwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(它會相應(yīng)使川者的性格來形成固己的性格。帶著如這些樣的性格，這個機械可能的確變成一個非常有吸引力的社會伙伴)。因此D符合原文所述。因此本題選B。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。從末段中“Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(因為這些特征,這個機械可能的確變成一個非常有吸引力的社會伙伴)”可以看出作者持贊成的態(tài)度。故選A。

5.主旨大意題。作者在第一段提出“有感情的機械”這個話題及隨后段落“闡述有感情的機械與人在友誼形成方式及這種人造友誼帶來的好處,因此C項“有感情的機械”比較適合做文章標題。

4.單選題

Thistransformationismarkedbyseveraldevelopments.Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal,thereareunfoldingwithin（1）boundariesandtypicallyarebeingfoughtbymultiplesemi-autonomousarmedgroups.Theseconflictsare（2）byaparticularbrandoflawlessness,crueltyandchaos.Inparticular,theyaredefinedbythesystematicandwidespreadtargetingofcivilian（3）.（4）thesesituations,warringpartiesroutinelyignoreinternationalhumanitarianlaw,whichhastraditionallymoderated,ifnotgoverned,theconductofinter-state（5）.

Theseconflictstendtobeprotracted,lasting（6）ifnotdecades,ofteninrecurring（7）,thusexposingsuccessivegenera（8）soldiers.Anotherfeatureoftheseconflictsistheproliferationoflight-weight（9）thatareeasilyassembledandbornebychildren.Moreoverthe（10）useofanti-personnellandmineshasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildreninthesesituations.

問題1選項

A.national

B.international

C.external

D.internal

問題2選項

A.named

B.characterized

C.labeled

D.called

問題3選項

A.peoples

B.person

C.men

D.populations

問題4選項

A.Under

B.On

C.In

D.With

問題5選項

A.wars

B.battles

C.fights

D.disputes

問題6選項

A.months

B.years

C.hours

D.days

問題7選項

A.recycles

B.circles

C.cycles

D.loops

問題8選項

A.infant

B.baby

C.children

D.child

問題9選項

A.guns

B.weapons

C.pistols

D.rifles

問題10選項

A.indiscriminate

B.discriminate

C.discriminating

D.discriminated

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項national表示“國家的”，B選項international表示“國際的，世界的”，C選項external表示“外部的，外面的”，D選項internal表示“內(nèi)部的，國內(nèi)的”。根據(jù)Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal可知“當今世界，幾乎所有主要的武裝沖突都是內(nèi)部的”可知，這些沖突不會逾越國家的范疇，因此withinnationalboundaries符合上下文，故本題正確答案為A。

2.考查固定搭配。詞組becharacterizedby表示“具有……的特性；以……為特征”。四個選項中只有B選項可以與by構(gòu)成搭配，故本題正確答案為B。

3.考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意，空缺處應(yīng)填入表示“人們”的名詞且應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，故排除peoples（民族）和表示單數(shù)的person（人）。populations意為各地人口，表示一個群體，比一般意義的men更符合上下文語義，因此本題正確答案選D。

4.考查固定搭配。詞組underthesesituations表示“在這種情形下”。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項wars表示“戰(zhàn)爭”，是總稱，一般包括多個大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)役；B選項battles表示“戰(zhàn)爭，競爭，搏斗”，側(cè)重某一次具體全面的戰(zhàn)斗；C選項fights表示“打架，斗爭”，側(cè)重描述戰(zhàn)爭的動作；D選項disputes表示“爭論，爭端”，側(cè)重意見有分歧。四個選項中disputes“爭端”范圍最廣。因此，本題正確答案為D項。

6.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息decades“數(shù)十年”可知空缺處填years最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B項。

7.考查固定搭配。分析空缺處句子可知，inrecurring是方式狀語，A選項recycles表示“回收，循環(huán)利用”，B選項circles表示“圓，循環(huán)”，C選項cycles表示“周期，循環(huán)”，D選項loops表示“環(huán)形，環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)”。只有C選項可以與in構(gòu)成詞組incycles，表示“周期性地（發(fā)生）”，而inrecurringcycles表示“重復(fù)周期性地（發(fā)生）”。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

8.考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)?？杖碧幪钊氲拿~作soldiers的定語，soldiers為復(fù)數(shù)，所以修飾部分的名詞也用復(fù)數(shù)，childrensoldiers表示“童子軍”。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析?？杖碧幪钊氲拿~被light-weight（輕型的）所修飾。A選項guns表示“槍，炮”，B選項weapons表示“武器”，C選項pistols表示“手槍”，D選項rifles表示“步槍”。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處并不能確定使用的是哪種槍支，故選擇weapons“武器”表示的范圍最廣。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

10.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項indiscriminate表示“任意的，無差別的，不分青紅皂白的”；B選項discriminate表示“v.區(qū)別，辨別”；C選項discriminating表示“不公平對待的，有辨識的”；D選項discriminated表示“受歧視的”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息hasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildren（加劇了兒童的脆弱性）可知，空缺處選擇A項最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項。

5.翻譯題

Oncampus,youwillquicklydiscoverthatanimportantpartofthecultureisawillingnesstostayengagedwithproblemsandarguments,tokeeppushingforasharedvocabularyandasharedunderstanding.Youwillencounterapost-Enlightenmentsensibility,underwhichmoreandmorecornersofhumanexperiencearesusceptibletocriticalanalysisanddebate.Fewerandfewerdomainsoflifefeellikemattersofpurelypersonaltaste—chocolateorvanilla—thingsthataretruly“just,like,youropinion.”Andyouwillfindyourselfspendingmanyhours,lateatnightandearlyinthemorning,searchingforthatsharedunderstanding.Andhereyouwilldiscoveroneoftheuniversity’sgreatstrengthsasacommunity.Itdoesn’ttakemuchworktosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisprettymuchlikeyou.Butittakesrealefforttosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisdifferent.Themostprofoundoptimismunderlyinghighereducationtodayisthesimultaneousrecognitionthat,ontheoneband,differencesofview,background,andperspectivearerealandimportant,and,ontheotherhand,peoplewhoholdthosedifferencescancometogetherforfouryearsonabeautifulhilltop,listentooneanotherwithtoleranceandrespect,andengage.

【答案】參考譯文：

在校園，你將很快發(fā)現(xiàn)校園文化的一個重要組成部分，那就是愿意面對問題和爭論，為共享的詞匯和共享的理解而不斷努力。你們將面對后啟蒙時代的感性，在這種感性力量下，人類經(jīng)驗中越來越多的角落容易受到批判性分析和辯論的影響。生活中越來越少的領(lǐng)域感覺像純粹個人品味的事情，例如選擇巧克力味或香草味，這些事情才是真正的“只是你的觀點”。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會為了尋求共享的理解而花很多時間，通宵達旦。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)大學(xué)作為一個團體的偉大力量之一。和一個與你相似的人達成共同的理解并不需很大的工夫，但是要和一個與你不同的人達成共識就不是什么容易的事了?，F(xiàn)今的高等教育最值得樂觀的一點是，同時意識到了這兩個方面：一是不同的看法、背景和觀點很重要；二是那些持有不同觀點的人們能相聚在一起，在一個美麗的山頂共處四年，相互容忍，相互尊重和相互影響。

6.單選題

Allourequipmentmeetsthenationalregulationsand______withEuropeanstandards.

問題1選項

A.accords

B.unifies

C.obeys

D.complies

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項accord“符合，一致”，B項unify“整合，聯(lián)合，統(tǒng)一”，C項obey“服從，聽從”，D項comply“遵守，順從”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞standards（標準）可推測，空格處表示“符合”，accordwith固定用法，表示“同……相符合；與……一致”；A項符合。句意：所有設(shè)備均符合國家規(guī)定，符合歐洲標準。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

7.單選題

Aftertheelection,anewsituationislikelyto（

）.?

問題1選項

A.rise

B.raise

C.arise

D.arouse

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。rise“上升，增強”；raise“提升，增加，養(yǎng)育”；arise“出現(xiàn)，上升，起立”；arouse“引起，喚醒，鼓勵”。句意：選舉之后，一種新形勢可能要出現(xiàn)了。C項符合題意。

8.單選題

Notagain!ThisisthethirdtimethatI（

）mykeyssinceI（

）

homethismorning.

問題1選項

A.amlosing/wasleaving

B.hadlost/left

C.lose/hadleft

D.havelost/left

【答案】D

【解析】It\Thisis\wasthefirst/second...timethat...，that從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)前面的is或was來定，是is時用現(xiàn)在完成時，was則用過去完成時，所以選項D正確。

9.單選題

Theprosecutionforatrademarkshallbeconductedbysometrademarkattorneys.

問題1選項

A.accuse

B.charging

C.application

D.design

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prosecution在句中是“起訴”，A選項accuse“起訴，控告”；B選項charging是charge的動名詞，表“控告”；C選項application“應(yīng)用，申請”；D選項design“設(shè)計”。句意：商標起訴將由商標代理律師處理。根據(jù)句意B項正確。

10.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

問題1選項

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如果一個人談及自己的缺點，那么他的聽眾就被期待說一些關(guān)于鼓勵的話。

考查名詞辨析。persuasion說服，勸說;remedy補救，治療;encouragement鼓勵；compromise妥協(xié)，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。

11.單選題

Thoughheisacompetentengineer,itdoesno（）thathewillmakeasuccessfulfactorydirector.

問題1選項

A.conclude

B.follow

C.deduce

D.doom

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:conclude“結(jié)束；終止”；B:follow“跟隨，接著”；C:deduce“推論，推斷”；D:doom“命運；厄運”。句意：雖然他是一名稱職的工程師，但是，并不能推斷他將成為一名成功的廠長。結(jié)合語境，故選C選項。

12.單選題

Thecheerful,livelymelodyofdancemusic（

）almostallthewearysoldiers.

問題1選項

A.drained

B.diverted

C.renewed

D.revived

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。drain“喝光，排水，流干”；divert“轉(zhuǎn)移；使……轉(zhuǎn)向”；renew“使更新；續(xù)借”；revive“使復(fù)興；使蘇醒”。句意：這支充滿活力的歡快舞曲使那位筋疲力盡的士兵振奮起來。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

We’vetestedtentypesofmaterial,_____iscompletelywaterproof.

問題1選項

A.noofwhich

B.noneofwhich

C.someofthat

D.neitherofwhich

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。B項noneofwhich指“三者或三者以上都不”，符合題意；A項noofwhich沒有這種說法；C項，引導(dǎo)定語從句時that不能用在介詞后。D項neitherofwhich指“兩者都不”。句意：我們已經(jīng)測試了十種材料，沒有一種是完全防水的。因此，本題的正確答案為B。

14.單選題

Blackholesaren’texactlypoliteeaters.

Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.Scientistshavepreviouslyseenablackholeconsumeastar,andthey’vealsoseenblackholesspewsuperheatedmatter,butthisisthefirsttimethey’veseenbotheventsoccursocloselytogether.Viewingthisparticulardisappearingactatthecenterofanearbygalaxyhasshedlightonapreviouslytheoreticalphenomenonandbroughtresearchersclosertounderstandingthephysicsofblackholes.

EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.UsingacombinationofX-ray,radioandopticalsignals,theteamtrackedthestar’sdemiseacrossmultiplewavelengths,whichallowedthemtopiecetogetheramorecompletepictureofwhathappenswhenablackholesnacksonastar.

JetsofX-rayandgammarayradiationemanatingfromblackholeshavebeendocumentedbefore,butneverasadirectresultofastarbeingconsumed.Blackholesperiodicallyemitparticlesfromaccretiondisks,orringsofparticlescaughtintheirgravitationalpull.Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.So,whenresearchersnoticedanabruptspikeinactivityaroundtheblackholebackin2014,theyknewtheywereabouttowatchsomethingspecial.Thesizeandintensityoftheflareruledoutthepossibilitythatitwascausedbytheblackhole’saccretiondisk,leavingfewotherpossibilities.

“Previouseffortstofindevidenceforthesejets,includingmyown,werelatetothegame,”vanVelzensaidinanewsrelease.

Becausetheycaughttheblackholeintheactthistime,researcherswereabletoconfirmthetheorythatblackholesemitflaresofradiationintheprocessofconsuminglargequantitiesofmatter.Whilethisphenomenonisstilllargelyamystery,itisthoughtthatthejetsarecausedbymagneticfieldsinteractingwiththeparticlesswirlingaroundablackhole.TheteampublishedtheirfindingsinthejournalScience.

“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”

13.Itisthefirsttimethatscientistshavewitnessed（）.

14.SinceDecember2014,professorvanVelzenandhisteamhaveobservedandtracked（）.

15.Beforethisobservation,scientistsdidn’tknow（）.

16.AccordingtoprofessorvanVelzen,theoryabouttheeventsis（）.

問題1選項

A.ablackholeconsumeslargequantitiesofmatter

B.ablackholespewsuperheatedmatters

C.ablackholeconsumingastarandemittingradiation

D.ablackholeinteractswithanotherone

問題2選項

A.ablackholedevouringastarbiggerthanthesun

B.ablackhole300millionyearsfromEarth

C.thedevelopmentoftheblackholeforyears

D.theprocessofthestarbeingdevoured

問題3選項

A.blackholescanemitgammarayradiation

B.blackholescanemitX-rayradiation

C.blackholesemitsradiationswhenconsumingstars

D.blackholeshaveabruptspikeinactivityarounditself

問題4選項

A.complicated

B.innovate

C.mature

D.embryonic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】13.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“firsttime”可以定位到文章第二段第一句Forthefirsttime,scientistsobservedablackholebothdevouringastarandrippingaplasma“burp”asitconsumeditsmeal—anincrediblyrarefind.（科學(xué)家首次觀測到一個黑洞吞噬了一顆恒星，并在吞噬恒星時撕裂了等離子體的“飽嗝”——這是一個極其罕見的發(fā)現(xiàn)。），這里的“飽嗝”指的是黑洞吞噬了恒星后發(fā)出了輻射。因此C選項“黑洞吞噬了一顆恒星并發(fā)出輻射”正確。A選項“黑洞會消耗大量的物質(zhì)”，B選項“黑洞噴出熱物質(zhì)”，D選項“一個黑洞與另一個黑洞相互影響”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“professorvanVelzen”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句EversinceresearchersatOhioStateUniversitynoticedastarroughlythesizeofthesunbeingpulledintoablackholeinDecember2014,ateamofscientistsledbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorSjoertvanVelzenfixeditseyesonthehungryblackhole,locatedroughly300millionlightyearsfromEarth.Overthecourseofseveralmonths,vanVelzen’steamwatchedtheblackholesiphonmaterialfromthedoomedstaruntilitwasentirelydevoured.（自從俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究人員在2014年12月注意到一顆與太陽差不多大小的恒星被拉入黑洞后，約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)的SjoertvanVelzen教授領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的科學(xué)家團隊就把目光鎖定在了這個距離地球約3億光年的饑餓黑洞上。在幾個月的時間里，vanVelzen的團隊看著黑洞從這顆注定要毀滅的恒星中吸取物質(zhì)，直到它被完全吞噬。），說明自從2014年12月以來，vanVelzen教授及其團隊觀察并跟蹤了黑洞吞噬恒星的過程。因此D選項“恒星被吞噬的過程”正確。A選項“一個黑洞吞噬了一顆比太陽還大的恒星”，由原文可知，這顆恒星與太陽差不多大，所以A錯誤。B選項“距離地球3億年的黑洞”，由原文可知這個黑洞距離地球約3億光年，所以B錯誤。C選項“觀察了好幾年黑洞的發(fā)展”，由原文可知，他們觀察的時間是幾個月，所以C錯誤。

15.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三、四句Ithadbeenhypothesizedthatasimilaremissionwouldoccurifalargebody,suchasastar,weredraggedintoablackhole.Scientists,however,hadneverbeenabletoobservesuchanevent.（有人曾假設(shè)，如果一個巨大的物體，比如一顆恒星，被拖進黑洞，也會發(fā)生類似的輻射。然而，科學(xué)家們從未能夠觀察到這樣的事件。），說明在這次觀測之前，科學(xué)家們并不知道黑洞在吞噬恒星時也會產(chǎn)生輻射。因此C選項“黑洞吞噬恒星時會發(fā)出輻射”正確。A選項“黑洞可以發(fā)出伽馬射線輻射”，B選項“黑洞能發(fā)出X射線輻射”，D選項“黑洞在自身周圍有突然的活動峰值”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯誤。

16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段“Thedestructionofastarbyablackholeisbeautifullycomplicated,andfarfromunderstood,”vanVelzensaid.“Fromourobservations,welearnthestreamsofstellardebriscanorganizeandmakeajetratherquicklywhichisvaluableinputforconstructingacompletetheoryoftheseevents.”（“一顆恒星被黑洞毀滅的過程是非常復(fù)雜的，而且遠未被理解，”vanVelzen說?！皬奈覀兊挠^察中，我們了解到，恒星碎片流可以組織起來，并相當迅速地形成噴射流，這對構(gòu)建這些事件的完整理論非常有價值。”），說明vanVelzen教授認為關(guān)于這些事件的理論還處于初級階段。因此D選項“萌芽階段”正確。A選項“復(fù)雜”，B選項“創(chuàng)新”，C選項“成熟”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯誤。

15.單選題

Hisalibiwasfishy,yet（

）toclosescrutiny.

問題1選項

A.stoodstill

B.withstood

C.stoodup

D.stoodoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。standstill“站著不動；靜止不動”；withstand“抵擋；禁得起；反抗”，及物動詞；standupto“經(jīng)得起”；standoff“疏遠；遠離；避開”。句意：他的不在場證明很可疑，但仍然需要經(jīng)得起嚴格審查。選項C符合題意。

16.單選題

Ifyoudescribeacollectionofobjects,ideasas______,youmeanthattheyarewide-rangingandcomefrommanydifferentsources.

問題1選項

A.eccentric

B.eclectic

C.elastic

D.elective

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.eccentric古怪的B.eclectic兼收并蓄的，不拘一格的

C.elastic有彈性的，靈活的D.elective選修的

【答案】B

【考查點】形近詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息“youmeanthattheyarewide-rangingandcomefrommanydifferentsources（你的意思是它們內(nèi)容廣泛，來源多種多樣）”，可知這些觀念和想法來源多樣，范圍廣泛，所以只有B選項詞義具有這樣的含義，故本題正確答案為B選項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項都不符合句子語義邏輯。

【句意】如果你描述一組物品和想法是兼收并蓄的，你的意思是它們是廣泛的，來自許多不同的來源。

17.單選題

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou（

）youneed.

問題1選項

A.alltheinformation

B.alltheinformations

C.allofinformation

D.alloftheinformations

【答案】A

【解析】語法（不可數(shù)名詞和冠詞）題。information為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，排除B選項和D選項。allof后面接的名詞前一定要有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞修飾限定，且of可以省略，排除C選項，所以A選項正確。

18.單選題

Thesecondmajorcauseofthechangesinculturalpolicythatwearewitnessingatthepresenttimeistheradicaltransformationoftheeconomicenvironmentinwhichculturalgoodsareproduced,distributedandconsumed,broughtaboutbywhatislooselyreferredtoas"globalization".Thistermiswidelyusedinthecontemporarydiscourseto