考研考博-英語-中國海洋大學考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國海洋大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Planeskeepintouchwiththecontroltower（）.

問題1選項

A.ontheradio

B.byradio

C.overtheradio

D.bytheradio

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。ontheradio“在廣播中”；byradio“用無線電”。句意：飛機用無線電與控制塔保持聯(lián)系。只有B項符合句意。

2.單選題

Animalscanbecomeunusually______whentheyareupsetbyasuddenenvironmentalchange.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.predominant

C.aggressive

D.irritable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項vigorous“有力的，精力充沛的”，B項predominant“主要的，卓越的”，C項aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”，D項irritable“急躁的，易怒的”。根據(jù)關鍵詞animal“動物”和空格后面部分句子意思“當它們被突然的環(huán)境變化所困擾時”可知，C選項最符合語境。句意：當環(huán)境突然發(fā)生變化時，動物會變得異常好斗。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

3.單選題

Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingaboutUS$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.“Height（1）careersuccess,”saysTimothyJudge,aUniversityofFloridaprofessorofmanagement,wholedthestudy.“Thesefindingsaretroublingsince,withafew（2）,suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob（3）,”Judgepointsout.

Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheUSandBritainthatfollowedthousandsofpeoplefromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives.“Ifyoutakethis（4）thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings（5）thatatallpersonenjoys,”Judgesaid.

Greaterheightboostedbothsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance—asupervisor’s（6）ofhoweffectivesomeoneis—and（7）measuresofperformance—suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher（8）andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.

Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary（9）.Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewas（10）powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.

問題1選項

A.makesout

B.worksin

C.takeson

D.mattersfor

問題2選項

A.cases

B.exceptions

C.examples

D.problems

問題3選項

A.performance

B.operation

C.condition

D.environment

問題4選項

A.on

B.with

C.over

D.to

問題5選項

A.deficiency

B.advantage

C.loss

D.necessity

問題6選項

A.imagination

B.decision

C.judge

D.evaluation

問題7選項

A.relative

B.absolute

C.objective

D.initiative

問題8選項

A.state

B.status

C.situation

D.statue

問題9選項

A.origins

B.sources

C.courses

D.organizations

問題10選項

A.atimein

B.aholdon

C.aworkat

D.asignof

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】第1題:考查詞組辨析和上下文語境。A項makeout“理解，辨認出”，B項workin“進入”，C項takeon“呈現(xiàn)，接納”，D項matterfor“對……重要”；根據(jù)上文Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingaboutUS$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.（據(jù)一項最新研究顯示，高個子一生中賺的錢要比矮個子同事多得多，身高每增加一英寸，年收入就會增加約789美元），可以推斷出，下文Height（）careersuccess表示“身高是事業(yè)成功的關鍵”。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

第2題:考查名詞辨析和上下文語境。A項case“案件，情況”，B項exception“例外，異議”，C項example“例子”，D項problem“問題”；根據(jù)句子Thesefindingsaretroublingsince,withafew（）,suchasprofessionalbasketball（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人不安，因為有一些……，如職業(yè)籃球）可知，上文提到“身高對職業(yè)生涯很重要”，這里提到“這個發(fā)現(xiàn)也令人煩惱”可推斷，空格部分表示“例外”。句意：這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人不安，因為除了少數(shù)例外，比如職業(yè)籃球。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

第3題:考查名詞辨析和上下文語境。A項performance“表現(xiàn)”，B項operation“操作，手術”，C項condition“條件”，D項environment“環(huán)境”；根據(jù)句子noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob（）（沒有人會說身高是工作……的必要條件）可知，上文提到“身高對工作很重要”，所以可推斷，這里的空格部分表示“工作表現(xiàn)”。句意：沒有人會說身高是工作表現(xiàn)的必要條件。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

第4題:考查介詞辨析。A項on“在……之上”，B項with“隨著，和……一起”，C項over“越過，……之上”，D項to“到，向”；根據(jù)句子Ifyoutakethis（）thecourseofa30-yearcareer（如果你……30年的職業(yè)生涯都是這樣）可知，空格部分應該填入一個表示時間跨度的介詞，只有C項符合。句意：如果你在30年的職業(yè)生涯中都是這樣。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第5題:考查名詞辨析。A項deficiency“缺陷，缺點”，B項advantage“優(yōu)點，優(yōu)勢”，C項loss“損失”，D項necessity“需要，必然性”；根據(jù)句子we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings（）thatatallpersonenjoys（我們談論的是一個高個子享受數(shù)十萬美元的收入……）可知，空格部分應該表示“優(yōu)勢”。句意：我們說的是一個高個子享受的數(shù)十萬美元的收入優(yōu)勢。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

第6題:考查名詞辨析。A項imagination“想象”，B項decision“決定”，C項judge“評判，判斷”，D項evaluation“評價，評估”；前面提到Greaterheightboostedbothsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance（更高的身高會提高對工作表現(xiàn)的主觀評價），根據(jù)空格前后的關鍵詞supervisor（監(jiān)督者）和howeffectivesomeoneis（一個人的效率有多高）可知，空格部分表示“評價，評估”。句意：主管對某人工作效率的評估。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

第7題:考查形容詞辨析和上下文邏輯。A項relative“相對的”，B項absolute“絕對的，完全的”，C項objective“客觀的，客觀存在的”，D項initiative“主動的，自發(fā)的”；前面提到了subjective（主觀的），那么可以推斷出空格部分要填入一個與之相反的詞語，這樣才能構成一個完整的上下文邏輯關系。句意：身高越高，對工作表現(xiàn)的主觀評價（主管對工作效率的評價）和對工作表現(xiàn)的客觀評價（如銷售額）都越高。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

第8題:考查名詞辨析。A項state“國家，情形”，B項status“地位，重要身份”，C項situation“情況，形勢”，D項statue“雕像，塑像”；根據(jù)后面的greaterrespect（更多的尊重）可猜測，空格處部分表示“更高的地位”。句意：其他人可能也會給予高個子更高的地位和更多的尊重，這使他們在談判中具有優(yōu)勢。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

第9題:考查名詞辨析。A項origin“起源，源點”，B項source“來源，水源”，C項course“課程”，D項organization“組織”；根據(jù)句子Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary（）（身高的重要影響可能是我們進化……的殘余）可猜測，空格處部分表示“起源，開端”。句意：身高的制勝作用可能是我們進化起源的一個遺留物。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

第10題:考查詞義辨析。A項atimein“在……一段時間”，B項aholdon“對……的控制”，C項aworkat“在……的一份工作”，D項asignof“一個……的象征，一個……的標志”；根據(jù)句子Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewas（）powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.（也許從人類和動物生活在一起的時候起，體型就是力量和強壯的……，在做出“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”的決定時使用）可猜測，空格處部分表示“象征，標志”。句意：也許從人類和動物生活在一起的時候起，當做出“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”的決定時，體型就是力量和強壯的象征。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

4.單選題

（）moreimportant,notonlythelostcitieswererecovered,butthenewcitieswerebuilt.

問題1選項

A.Thatis

B.Itis

C.Because

D.Whatis

【答案】D

【解析】句意：更重要的是,不僅找回了丟失的城市,而且建造了新的城市。

5.寫作題

Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】1.【答案】which改為where

2.【答案】as改為than

3.【答案】So改為But

4.【答案】去掉about

5.【答案】you改為they

6.【答案】like改為as

7.【答案】takes改為gives

8.【答案】differ改為distinguish

9.【答案】others改為other

10.【答案】harmful改為harmless

【解析】1.【解題思路】分析句子可知，thereisalotoftalkaboutscience（有很多關于科學的討論）是做society的定語，而society在從句中是作地點狀語，所以要把關系代詞which改為關系副詞where。

2.【解題思路】根據(jù)moreignorant（更無知）可知，此處是比較級，而前后比較的是we和peoplewithcomparableeducation（受過類似教育的人），所以as要改為than。

3.【解題思路】前面說“很多孩子都知道怎么去組建電腦，用電腦寫程序”，后面卻說“如果要他們去解釋物理的原理，他們什么都不知道”，前后邏輯是轉折的關系，so表示因果，所以要把so改為but。

4.【解題思路】explain是及物動詞，后面可以不用介詞直接跟物，所以要把about去掉。

5.【解題思路】這一句的句意是“但是如果你要他們去解釋物理的原理，他們一點都不知道”，主句的you應該改為they。

6.【解題思路】該句句意是“對科學的不理解導致了像對人類創(chuàng)造力的忽視這樣的事情”，like表示舉例，但前面的such只與as連用，表示“比如，諸如”，所以把like改為as。

7.【解題思路】giveriseto是固定搭配，表示“引起，使產(chǎn)生”，所以要把takes改為gives。

8.【解題思路】differ只能和from或者with搭配使用，根據(jù)between可知，此處differ使用不當，而distinguish可以和between或者from搭配，所以把differ改為distinguish。

9.【解題思路】others指兩者及以上的人，該句是說“兩者是截然不同的，能夠勝任其中一項工作的人很少能夠勝任另外一個工作”，根據(jù)thetwo（兩者）可知此處others使用不當，所以要將others改為other，theother表示“另一個”。

10.【解題思路】該段第一句的句意是“科學本身或多或少是沒有害處的”，第二句用了but轉折，說明第二句與第一句有對比，第二句說“但一旦科學能提供技術，它不一定是有害的”，這明顯與前句沒有構成對比，第二句應該是說“但一旦科學能提供技術，它不一定是沒有害處的”，所以要將harmful改為harmless。

6.單選題

Havingafewtoomanydrinkscanmeanmorethanjustablackoutorabadhangover.Peoplewhoengageinbingedrinkingarecourtingdanger,expertswarn.

Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.A1997studyfromtheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthreportsthat42.7%ofallcollegestudentsengageinbingedrinking.Thewell-publicizeddeathsofseveralcollegestudentsfrombingedrinkingin1997highlightstherisks.

An18-year-oldfreshmanattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydrankhimselfintoacomaanddied.A20-year-oldfraternitypledgeatLouisianaStateUniversitydiedfromalcoholpoisoning.

“Alcoholisalwaystoxic.It’sreallyapoison，”saidStevenSchandler，professorofpsychologyatChapmanUniversityandchiefofaddictionresearchattheLongBeachVeteransAffairsHealthCareSystem,whoaddedthatbingedrinkingcanleadtoalcoholpoisoning.“Becauseit’sapoison,likeanyotherpoison,ifyoutakeinalittlebit,youmighttolerateit,butifyoutakeinalot,youmightdie.

Administratorsanddoctorssaythatcollegefreshmenareespeciallyatriskforalcoholpoisoning,inpartbecausetheyoftenlackthematuritytorefrainorstop.Andforsomewhomaybenewtodrinking,theirbodieshavearelativelylowtoleranceforalcohol.

Butproblemswithalcoholaren’tlimitedtoteenagersandyoungadults.A39-year-oldBuenaParkmanrecentlyrecalledthattwodaysofsteadyimbibingonatriptoLasVegasseveralyearsagolefthiminbadshape.

Doctorssaybloodalcohollevelsofabout4%—fivetimesthelegalintoxicationlimitof0.8%—caninducepotentiallylethalsideeffectsinmostpeople.Alcoholicshavehigherlimits.Althoughnotwellunderstood，enzymesthatbreakdownandexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneysdosomoreeffectivelyinseasoneddrinkers,allowingthemtotoleratemore,Schandlersaid.

Regardlessofaperson’stolerance,alcoholexertsitsinfluencewhentheamountofalcoholtakeninexceedstheamountthatthebodycandigest.Atthatpoint,alcoholpassesfromthebloodstreamintothebrainandbeginsitsattack.Alcoholfirstaffectsthebrain’scortex，whichcontrolsmoresophisticatedthoughtprocesses.That’swhypeoplegenerallybecomelessinhibitedundertheinfluenceofalcohol，andsomearemorewillingtotrythingsthatcouldbedangeroustothemselvesorothers.

Coordination,mainlycontrolledbythecerebellum,isthenexttogo,leadingtoslurredspeechanddifficultywalkinginastraightline.Asexcessivedrinkingcontinues,alcoholmovesdeeperintothebrainuntil“itgetstotheverybasicstructureofthebrainstemthataffectsthingslikerespirationandheartbeat,”saidDr.BretGinther,anassistantclinicalprofessorofemergencymedicineatUCIrvine.

Atthatpoint,peoplemaypassoutorfallintoacoma.Theirvitalsignsmayweaken.“Themostcommoncauseofdeathfromalcoholpoisoningisrespiratoryarrest，”saidGinther.Eventually,theheartsimplystops.Gettingtothatpointisfairlyunusual.ButGinthersaidthatatleastonceortwiceamonth,patientsarebroughtintotheemergencyroomatUCIMedicalCenterinOrangesufferingfromalcoholpoisoning.

Collegeofficialssaytheyarealwaysonthelookoutforalcoholabusebutsaythereisnofail-safemethodtokeepstudentsfromdrinking.Manycollegestrytoeducatestudents,especiallythosecaughtdrinkingillegallyorcausingdisruptions.TheHigherEducationCenterforAlcoholandOtherDrugPreventioninNewton,Mass，advocatesacommunity-basedapproachthatincludesadministrators,faculty,policeandbusinessesinthefighttocurbbingedrinking,inpartbybeingonalertforpeopleabusingalcohol.Thecenteralsostressestheimportanceofparentalguidanceandurgesparentstohavefrankdiscussionswiththeirchildrenaboutexcessivedrinking.

1.Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthat“bingedrinking”is______.

2.Whyarecollegefreshmenespeciallyatriskforalcoholpoisoningaccordingtoadministratorsanddoctors?

3.Whatcanenzymesdowhenoneisdrunk?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

5.Bingedrinkingmaymostseriouslyleadto__________.

問題1選項

A.anexcessiveconsumptionofalcohol

B.drinkingoneselfintoacoma

C.drinkingpoisonousalcohol

D.akindofillegaldrinking

問題2選項

A.Theirbodiesarenotusedtoalcohol.

B.Theycannotrefrainthemselves.

C.Theyareundergreaterpressure.

D.BothAandB

問題3選項

A.Theyhelpdrunkenpeoplesurvivewhentheytakeinmorealcoholthantolerable.

B.Theyhelppeopleincomaregainconsciousness.

C.Theyexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneys.

D.Theycanmakepeoplestayconscious.

問題4選項

A.Collegeofficialsareawareoftheseriousnessofstudents’bingedrinkingbutcannotdoanything.

B.Collegeofficialsaretakingmeasurestopreventbingedrinkingthoughwithoutmuchsuccess.

C.Collegeofficialsthinkthattheydonothaveanymethodstostopstudentsfromdrinking.

D.Collegeofficialsjuststandbywithoutdoinganythingtotheproblem.

問題5選項

A.death

B.craziness

C.disability

D.unconsciousness

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.”，可知Bingedrinking在大學是很常見的，許多成年人把飲酒過量看作是人生的一種儀式，所以bingedrinking應該是過度飲酒的意思。選項A符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“…inpartbecausetheyoftenlackthematuritytorefrainorstop.Andforsomewhomaybenewtodrinking,theirbodieshavearelativelylowtoleranceforalcohol.”，可知一方面原因是缺乏克制，另一方面是剛開始喝酒對酒精耐受度較低。選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段，“…enzymesthatbreakdownandexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneysdosomoreeffectivelyinseasoneddrinkers,allowingthemtotoleratemore…”，可知酶能分解并且排出肝臟和腎臟的酒精,這對經(jīng)常喝酒的人效果更好，這樣他們可承受更多酒精。選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，“Collegeofficialssaytheyarealwaysonthelookoutforalcoholabusebutsaythereisnofail-safemethodtokeepstudentsfromdrinking.”，可知大學行政人員一直密切關注飲酒一事，但沒有相對安全的方法能阻止學生飲酒。選項B符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段第一句，“Doctorssaybloodalcohollevelsofabout4%—fivetimesthelegalintoxicationlimitof0.8%—caninducepotentiallylethalsideeffectsinmostpeople.”，可知血液內酒精含量為4%時，是法定的酒精中毒的限度0.8%的五倍，對大部分人產(chǎn)生致命的影響。所以會造成致命傷害。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Theyoungheiresswasso（

）thatshegaveallhermoneyawayinacoupleofyears.

問題1選項

A.generous

B.indulgent

C.patriotic

D.ambitious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。generous“慷慨的，大方的”；indulgent“放縱的，寬容的”；patriotic“愛國的”；ambitious“野心勃勃的”。句意：年輕的女繼承人如此慷慨，以至于幾年內就把所有的錢送給了別人。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Heisadeadringer（）hisfather.

問題1選項

A.to

B.for

C.with

D.after

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。Baadeadringerfor“容貌和……酷似，看上去一模一樣的人”。句意：他的容貌與他爸爸酷似。因此A選項正確。

9.翻譯題

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（40）土壤和土地資源支撐著全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展，它們還是我們與窮困、食品不安全和氣候變化作斗爭的關鍵元素。與其他自然資源復雜地交織在一起，土壤是水、能源和食品安全鏈條中（nexus）不可分割的組成部分。由于風沙和水的侵蝕，世界每年失去約240億噸肥沃的土壤。

（41）土壤和土地的惡化（degradation）不僅是一個物理或生物化學問題，而且常常與社會經(jīng)濟各方面相聯(lián)系。貧窮和被邊緣化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地惡化的影響，因為通常是他們擁有這些惡化的土地。

（42）為了使貧困的小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)耕種社區(qū)達到食品安全要求，并且根除（eradicate）極端貧困，我們需要處理與土地惡化相關的一系列復雜問題。土壤和土地惡化既是技術問題，也是管理（governance）問題。

【答案】40.Soilsandlandresourcesunderpinglobalsustainabledevelopment,andtheyarekeyelementsinourfightagainstpoverty,foodinsecurityandclimatechange.Intertwinedwithothernaturalresourcescomplicatedly,soilisanintegralpartofthewater,energy,andfoodsecuritynexus.Duetotheerosionofwindanddustaswellaswater,theworldlosesabout24billiontonsoffertilesoileveryyear.

41.Soilandlanddegradationnotonlyinvolvesphysicalorbiochemicalproblems,butalsooftenrelatedtosocialandeconomicaspects.Poorandmarginalizedpopulationsareusuallythemostvulnerabletosoilandlanddegradation,astheyareusuallytheoneswhoownthedeterioratedland.

42.Inorderforpoorsmall-scalefarmingcommunitiestomeetfoodsafetyrequirementsandtoeradicateextremepoverty,weneedtoaddressasetofcomplexissuesassociatedwithlanddegradation.Soilandlanddegradationisasmuchamatterofgovernanceasoftechnology.

10.單選題

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

問題1選項

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

問題2選項

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

問題3選項

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)推理題。題干：作者認為，是什么加劇了全球變暖的嚴重性？文章手段提到了關鍵詞“全球變暖”，并指向美國政府的不作為會導致情況迅速惡化。因此答案出現(xiàn)在第二段“ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil”，出于經(jīng)濟和政治原因，美國政府選擇煤炭作為燃料。因此C選項符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：關于有效控制碳排放的障礙，下列哪一項是正確的？由關鍵詞定位到文章第三段“theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive”，說明是政府政策上的模糊性使控制達不到預期效果。因此C選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)推理題。題干：作者建議如何解決這個問題？最后一段中，作者提到“ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded”，說明作者建議美國政府為碳排放進行定價，投資開發(fā)減少二氧化碳排放的科技。因此B選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Theelegantdecorations（）thegymintoastarlitballroom.

問題1選項

A.transplanted

B.transferred

C.transcended

D.transformed

【答案】D

【解析】transplant移植,遷移；transfer轉讓,移交；transcend勝過,超越；transform改變,轉換。句意：優(yōu)雅的裝飾把體育館變成了星光燦爛的舞廳。選項D符合句意。

12.單選題

Helivedina（

）house,andforthisreasonhewaseasilyacceptedintohismoney-worshipingsociety.

問題1選項

A.shabby

B.ragged

C.dingy

D.decent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他住在一棟很體面的房子里，也因為這樣他很快就被金錢至上的社會所接納。shabby“破舊的”；ragged“粗糙的”；dingy“昏暗的”；decent“體面的”。根據(jù)句意，選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things’’-physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used-thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup'shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstrument.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstruments,pictured'inart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,BritainandAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.

Musicisdeep-rootedintheculturalbackgroundthatfostersit.Wenowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefolkmusicaswedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritages.Musiciansallovertheworldarebusywithrecordingclassicmusicintheircountryforthesakeoftheiruniqueculture.Asalways,people'saspirationwillalwaysfocusontheirindividualityratherthanuniversalfeaturesthataresharedbyallculturesalike.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia-radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe"information-revolution",atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutioninthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodemnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

1.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtomaterialculture?

2.Theword"phonograph"(Line6,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofprintedmusic?

5.Fromthethirdparagraph,wemayinferthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Instruments

B.Music.

C.Paintings.

D.Sheetmusic.

問題2選項

A.recordplayer

B.radio

C.musicaltechnique

D.music-culture

問題3選項

A.theimportance,ofculturaltoolsandtechnology

B.theculturalinfluenceofthedevelopmentofcivilization

C.thefocusofthestudyofthematerialcultureofmusic

D.thesignificanceoftheresearchintothemusicalinstruments

問題4選項

A.Readingofmusicnotationhasagreatimpactonmusicians.

B.Peoplemaydrawinspirationfromit.

C.Themusicculturewillbeinfluencedbyitintheend.

D.Songstendtobestandardizedbyit.

問題5選項

A.traditionalculturalheritageisworthyofpreservation

B.theuniversalfeaturessharedbyallculturesaren’tworthyofnotice.

C.musicianspaymoreattentiontothepreservationoftraditionalmusic.

D.themoredevelopedaculture,themorevaluablethemusicithasfostered

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句對物質文化下了定義：文化中產(chǎn)生的能看到、摸到、感覺到使用的自然物體（physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used-thatacultureproduces）。該段接下來提到樂器是音樂文化中的物質載體（Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstrument），所以選項A可以排除；第一段還提到圖片、文字記載都屬于物質文化（Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstruments,picturedinart），選項C可以排除；第二段第一句Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture提到樂譜也是物質文化，選項D可以排除。因此選項B符合題意。

2.題干中的phonograph出現(xiàn)在第一段：Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented，sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.在phonograph被發(fā)明之前，我們聽不到任何音樂表演的聲音，只能通過樂器來研究過去的音樂。由此推測，這個詞指的是一種能夠記錄聲音并被用來研究音樂文化的東西。選項A符合題意。

3.文章第一段第一句給物質文化下了定義；第二、三句提到研究音樂物質文化才能研究好音樂文化；第四、五句指出樂器是因為文化研究中的重要物質文化；第六句提及了樂器作為物質文化的兩種形式。第七句舉了繪畫和書寫文件來說明樂器在音樂文化研究中所起的作用。由此可只選項D符合題意。

4.文章第二段第三句Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs提到樂譜形式單調，因為它們將歌曲都標準化。所以選項D不是優(yōu)勢，符合題意。

5.文章第三段第二句Wenowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefolkmusicaswedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritages提到我們越來越關注傳統(tǒng)和民族特色的音樂，并且愿意將民樂保存下來?？芍x項A符合題意，傳統(tǒng)文化遺產(chǎn)值得保留下來。

14.單選題

Nomatterhowangryhewas,hewouldnever（

）toviolence.

問題1選項

A.resolve

B.resign

C.exert

D.resort

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“決心做，溶解”；B選項“離職，委托”；C選項“運用，施加影響”；D選項“憑借，訴諸”。句意：無論他有多生氣，他都絕不會（）武力。這里根據(jù)句子，詞義應該選訴諸，所以答案選D。

15.單選題

Weareshockedbyhisselfishnessand（）tothosewhoneedshelp.

問題1選項

A.inactivity

B.insensitivity

C.stupidity

D.idleness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項inactivity“不活動；休止狀態(tài)”；B選項insensitivity“感覺遲鈍；不靈敏”；C選項stupidity“愚蠢”；D選項idleness“懶惰；閑散”。句意：他的自私、對需要幫助的人們……，令我們驚訝。關鍵信息詞selfishness“自私”，可知對他的評價是負面的?？崭窈髏othosewhoneedshelp對那些需要幫助的人，自私的人以自我為中心是不會在乎其他人的。insensitivity有麻木不仁，漠不關心的意思。因此B選項符合題意。

16.單選題

AttheInterviewIntheinterviewtofindjobs,youneedtodothefollowingthings.

1.Thefirsttwoorthreeminutesareimportantinestablishingrapport.Trytodevelopafriendlyapproach,smile,relax,shakehands,addressthepersonbyname.Lookattheinterviewerandshowinterestinwhatisbeingsaid.

2.Takeamomenttothinkabouttheanswerstothequestions.Listencarefully;speakclearlyanddonotrush.

3.Benaturalandhonest.Bepositiveandconcentrateonachievementsandexperience.Donotmakefalseclaims.

4.Donotanswerjust’'yes”or"no";supportyouranswerswithexamplesandgivereasonsforyouropinions.Atthesametime,sticktothepointandrememberthattheinterviewer'stimeislimited.

5.Thestatusofthepersoninterviewingyoumayhaveabearingonthewayyouapproachyourmeeting.Apersonnelofficeassessing,candidatesforashortlistwillusuallynotbeinapositiontodiscusstechnicalities,anymorethanthesalesmanagercangiveyouthedetailsofthecompanypensionscheme.However,occasionallypersonnelstaffareequippedwithlistsofhighlytechnicalquestionsandtrainedtoassessyourresponseeventhoughtheyarenotexpertsthemselves.

6.Usetheinterviewtofindoutwhatyouwanttoknowaboutthejobandtheorganization.Havealistofquestionsreadytocoveranytopicsnotdealtwithbytheinterviewer.Makesureyouhavealltheinformationyouneed,notonlyabouttheactualpost,butabouttheorganizationitself,includingsuchaspectsascareerprospects,pensionscheme,andfringebenefits.

7.Useeveryopportunitytostressthatyouarenotjustafteranyoldjobbutthatyouarereallykeentoworkforthecompanywhichisinterviewingyou.

Aboutall,trynottotreattheinterviewasanexaminationinwhichyouarealwaysonthereceivingend.Useitinsteadasanopportunityforafullandfrankexchangeofinformation.Don’tbeafraidt