考研考博-英語-昆明理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-昆明理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto______ones.

問題1選項

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項turbulent“混亂的”，B項tragic“悲劇的”，C項vulnerable“易受攻擊的”，D項suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。根據(jù)句子意思“謠言無處不在，散布恐懼，損害名譽(yù)，把平靜的局面變成……”可知，空格處填入A項符合句意。句意：謠言無處不在，散布恐懼，損害名譽(yù)，使平靜的局面變得動蕩不安。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.單選題

Amongthemanysubjectsinschool,mathematicsisprobablythemost（）one,dependingleastonastudent’sbackgroundandculture.

問題1選項

A.universal

B.abstract

C.arbitrary

D.concrete

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在學(xué)校的許多科目中，數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門，因為它絲毫不會取決于學(xué)生的文化背景。

考查形容詞辨析。universal普遍的，通用的，全世界的；abstract抽象的，純理論的;arbitrary任意的，武斷的，專制的;concrete實在的,具體的。根據(jù)后面句意“因為它絲毫不會取決于學(xué)生的文化背景”可知這里應(yīng)該指數(shù)學(xué)可能是最全球化的一門學(xué)科。

3.單選題

Studiesshowthatthethingsthatcontributemosttoasenseofhappinesscannotbebought（

）agoodfamilylife,friendshipandworksatisfaction.

問題1選項

A.asfor

B.inviewof

C.incaseof

D.suchas

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。asfor意為“關(guān)于”；inviewof意為“由于，鑒于”；incaseof意為“萬一，如果”；suchas意為“例如”。

句意：研究表明，能夠極大地給人幸福感的東西不能買到，例如好的家庭生活、友誼和工作滿足感。

4.單選題

Peoplewithmoretimidpersonalitiesmustbeencouragedto（

）andtogiveorders.

問題1選項

A.getthrough

B.playsafe

C.takecharge

D.standby

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。getthrough“通過，完成”；playsafe“謹(jǐn)慎行事”；takecharge“掌管，負(fù)責(zé)”；standby“袖手旁觀”。句意為：必須鼓勵那些更加靦腆的人擔(dān)起責(zé)任并發(fā)號施令。選項C符合句意。

5.單選題

Thenewsthatthecompanyisbeingtakenoverbyforeigninvestorshasseverely（）thestockmarkets.

問題1選項

A.vibrated

B.swung

C.trembled

D.jolted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。vibrate“使震動，使搖擺”，指急速地連續(xù)震動，也指鐘擺等來回擺動；swing“使搖擺，使旋轉(zhuǎn)”；tremble“發(fā)抖，顫動”；jolt“使震驚，使顛簸”。句意：公司被國外投資者接管的消息深深震驚了股市。選項D符合題意。

6.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonTheBasicPurposeofCollegeEducation.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Somepeoplebelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture;

2.Othersarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】ThePurposeofHigherEducation

Whatisthepurposeofhighereducation?Thisisundoubtedlyadebatableissue,sopeoplehaveamixedresponsetoit.

Recently,theeducationalcircleinChinahaslaunchedaheateddiscussionconcerningthepurposeofhighereducation.Accordingtoarecentquestionnaireconductedbyaneducationalorganization,45percentofteachersandstudentsbelievethatcollegesanduniversitiesareprimarilyvehiclesforthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture.Theyholdtheviewthattheculturalheritagesofmankind,whethertheyaretangibleorintangible,shouldbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Soteachersandstudentshavetheirresponsibilitiesandobligationstopreserve,developandtransmitourintellectualculture.Theyshouldbedevotedtoachievingthisgoalonalong-termbasis.

Onthecontrary,55percentofteachersandstudentsarguethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldgivestudentswhattheyneedtofindwell-paidjobs.Theymaintainthatinstitutionsofhigherlearningshouldcultivatestudents’creativityandworkingskillswhilegivingthemknowledge.Withpracticalskills,theycanearntheirbreadinahighlycompetitiveworld.Inotherwords,iftheknowledgestudentshaveacquiredisnotconducivetotheirjobhunting,what’stheuseofacquiringknowledge?

Inmyopinion,ifwelaidtoomuchemphasisonthepreservation,developmentandtransmissionofourintellectualculture,ourstudentswouldlosetheiropportunitiestocultivateworkingskillsandthusruntheriskofbecomingbookworms.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesstressedthecultivationofworkingskillstoomuch,studentswouldbeshortofintellectualculture.Whatreallycountsiskeepingabalancebetweentheformerandthelatter.It’sidealforourstudentstodevelopinanall-roundway.

7.單選題

Wearegoodatinventingwaytoenlargeourrealm.Repeatedlywefindmethodsofspreadingfarther.Ifanelementisforbidding,wedeviseameanstomasterit.Reachingthecontinentalshores,wedevelopedship-buildingandnavigationalskillsinordertocrossoceans.Shiveringatarcticweather,wedesignedforclothingandsnugsheltersinordertoedgenorthward.And,havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime.Althoughbeingwakefulatnightfloutedournaturalrhythms,wedevelopedartificiallightingthatletusbeactiveafterdark.

Aneraisnowunderwayinwhichwearereplacingourcycliccommunitywithactivitiesthatneverstop.Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.Meanwhile,isolatedindividualsbendoverbooksandpapersondesksintheirhomes,watchtelevisionaftermidnight,orwalkinthestreetsandlistentothenightbreathe.

ThisextensionacrossallhoursofthedayresemblesourspreadingacrossthefaceoftheEarth.Lookatbothtrendsfromenoughperspectiveindistanceandtimeandtheyappearalike.Hoverfarabovetheplanetandwatchitasitspinsthroughouttheeras.Withtheplanet’ssurfaceindaylight,littlehumansettlementscanbeseentogrowlargerastheyearsgobyandsmallextensionsappearattheiroutskirts.Watchthesurfacewhenitisinnightandatfirstsomepinpointsoflightflickerforawhileandthengoout.Afteragespass,thoselightbecomestronger;theystayonlonger,andotherglimmeringsappearnearby.Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.Butbothareadvancinginorder.

Bothformsofexpansionarefrontiers.Afrontierisanewsourceofresourcesthatpeopleuseforsubsistenceorforprofit.Itisalsoasafetyvalveforpeoplewhofeelconfined.Theydisperseinresponsetopressuresathomeandtoappealingopportunitieselsewhere.

Now,venturingintothenight,wehavethesamemotivesasourpredecessorswhomigratedgeographically.Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.Thechancetoexploitfacilitiesthatareleftidlealsoarousesourinitiativetousemoreofthenight.Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.Otherslooktoittobetterthemselveseconomically.Itisnoaccidentthatpersonalmotivesforreliefandopportunityaresimilartothecausesofexpansionforthecommunityasawhole.Thosearetheage-oldforcesbehindallmigrations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.TheexamplestheauthorcitesinPara.2(“Thereis…night”)illustrateablurringof（

）

3.Incontext,theuseof“Look”,“Hover,”and“Watch”(inPara.3)isintendedto（

）.

4.InPara.3,"both"mostdirectlyrefersto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesprovidesthebestexampleofthe"waytomultiply"asdiscussedinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.persuadereaderstoincreasetheiruseofnighttimehours

B.arguethatconstanthumanactivityisharmfultoindividualsandgroups

C.explorehowthechanginguseoftimeisrelatedtothehistoryofhumanexpansion

D.critiquethewayinwhichchanginglaborpatternshavecometodominatehumanlife

問題2選項

A.ambitionandgreed

B.solitudeandcompanionship

C.theusesofnighttimeandofdaytime

D.thepurposesofworkandofrecreation

問題3選項

A.warnreadersofthethreatofunboundedmigration

B.invitereaderstoimaginehumanhistoryvisually

C.preparereaderstoanticipatechangeanditsconsequences

D.promotetheuseofnighttimehoursforworkorleisureactivities

問題4選項

A.workerproductivityandnationalwealth

B.scientificknowledgeandindividualwell-being

C.competingworkdemandsandavailabletime

D.inhabitedspaceandusabletime

問題5選項

A.Conductingeveningclassesinpublicschoolbuildings

B.Keepingmunicipalofficesopenduringthelunchhour

C.Enforcingcurfewlawsinresidentialneighborhoods

D.Addingmorebuildingstoafactorycomplex

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.本題是問這篇文章的寫作目的，A項意為“為了規(guī)勸讀者多加利用他們的午夜時間”；B項意為“為了討論持續(xù)的人類活動對個人和團(tuán)體是有害的”；C項意為“為了探討對于不斷利用時間與人們擴(kuò)張的歷史之間是如何聯(lián)系的”；D項意為“為了批判不斷變化的勞動方式已經(jīng)主宰了人類的生活”。本題可通過文中出現(xiàn)的“spreading”、“edgenorthward’’、“Thisextensionacrossallhoursoftheday”以及“Dayandnight,overthousandsofyears,revealtouswideningnetworksofhumansettlementsandilluminationbeingprolongedafterdark.日以繼夜地，幾千年以來，給我們揭示了人們的定居點不斷擴(kuò)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及天黑之后照明工具的延長”等都表明了本文的寫作目的是分析人類活動的擴(kuò)張與利用時間之間的關(guān)系，C選項符合題意。

2.本題是問第二段中所舉的例子表明的意思。A項意為“野心和貪婪”；B項意為“孤獨和陪伴”；C項意為“夜間和白天時間的利用”；D項意為“工作和娛樂的目的”。由第二段中的“Thereiswidespreadfactoryshiftwork.Airports,gasolinestations,hotels,restaurantsandbroadcastersoperateincessantly.Data-processingdepartmentsofinsurancecompaniesandbanksareastirallnight.工廠普遍實行輪班制。機(jī)場、加油站、旅館、餐館和廣播電臺都在不停地運轉(zhuǎn)。保險公司和銀行的數(shù)據(jù)處理部門整夜都在忙碌。”列舉了一些需要倒班的工作，所以舉例的目的是為了說明人類對于夜間和白天時間的充分利用，C選項符合題意。

3.A項意為‘提醒讀者無限遷移的所帶來的威脅’；B項意為，‘邀請讀者從視覺上想象人類的歷史‘；C項意為‘為讀者做好預(yù)期的變化和后果的準(zhǔn)備’；D項意為‘推廣在工作或者休閑活動中對于夜間時間的利用‘。題目中所給詞look意為“看”;hover意為“盤旋”；watch意為“觀察，觀看”，這三個詞語均與B項中的“visually（視覺上的）”對應(yīng)。B選項符合題意。

4.A項意為“工人的生產(chǎn)力和國家財富”；B項意為“科學(xué)知識和個人幸福”；C項意為“充滿競爭的工作需求和可利用的時間”；D項意為“居住空間和可利用的時間”。根據(jù)第一段中的‘havingfirstoccupiedmuchoftheusablespaceintheworld,wearefillingitsusabletime’在第一次占領(lǐng)了世界上大部分的可用空間后，我們正在填補(bǔ)其可用的時間和第二段最后一句‘Thesurfaceisnotuniformlyoccupied.Thehoursarenotuniformlylit.’表面不是均勻地被占據(jù)的。時間并不是統(tǒng)一的?？芍猙oth是指空間上和時間上的占有，D選項符合題意。

5.A項意為“在公立學(xué)校里設(shè)立夜校課程”；B項意為“在午飯時間開放市政辦公”；C項意為“在住宅社區(qū)施行宵禁法”；D項意為“添加更多的工廠建筑”。文中最后一段提到了‘Thedaytimeistoocrowded.Itscarryingcapacityisbeingstrained,andstillitdoesnotyieldaltthatthecommunitywants.在白天已經(jīng)非常擁擠了，容納量趨于緊張?！@個擁擠是指一些空間場所。再結(jié)合“Somepeopledislikethecommotionofthedayandcravetheserenityofnight.一些人不喜歡白天的騷動，渴望夜晚的寧靜”，以及文中‘Usingthesamespacemoreofthetimeisawaytomultiplyitscapacity.’對waytomultiply的定義就是更多地利用同一個空間，所以A選項符合題意。

8.單選題

EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).

ThereportisaboutPh.D.programs,whichhavebeenindeclinesince2008.Theseprogramshavegottenbothmoredifficultandlessrewarding:today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.

Thecoreoftheproblemisthejobmarket.TheMLAreportestimatesthatonlysixtypercentofnewly-mintedPh.D.swillfindtenure-trackjobsaftergraduation.Ifanything,that’swildlyoptimistic:theMLAgottothatfigurebycomparingthenumberoftenure-trackjobsonitsjoblistwiththenumberofnewgraduates.Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.

Differentpeoplewilltellyoudifferentstoriesaboutwhereallthejobswent.Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird—thatundergrads,turnedoffbyanoverlytheoreticalapproach,don’twanttoparticipateanymore,andthatteachingopportunitieshavedisappearedasaresult.Otherspointtothecorporatizationofuniversities,whichareincreasinglyinclinedtohirepart-time,“adjunct”professors,ratherthanfull-time,tenure-trackprofessors,toteachundergrads.Adjunctsarecheaper；perhapsmoreimportantly,theyareeasiertohire.

Thesetrends,inturn,arepartofanevenlargerstoryhavingtodowiththeexpansionandtransformationofAmericaneducationaftertheSecondWorldWar.Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.Beforethewar,relativelyfewpeoplewenttocollege.Then,inthenineteen-fifties,theBabyBoompushedcollegestogrowrapidly,bulkinguponprofessorsandgraduateprograms.Whentheboomendedandenrollmentsdeclined,collegesfoundthemselvesoverextendedandcompetingforstudents.Bythemid-seventies,schoolswereseekingoutnewconstituencies—amongthem,womenandminorities—andcreatingnewprogramsdesignedtoattractabroaderrangeofstudents.

Thosereformsworked:abouttwiceasmanypeopleattendcollegepercapitanowastheydidfortyyearsago.Butallthatexpansionchangedcolleges.Inthepast,theyhadcateredtoelitestudentswhowerehappytomajorinthetraditionalliberalarts.Now,toattractmiddle-classstudents,collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness.Asaresult,humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity.

1.Whatdoestheword“appreciate”meaninParagraph1?

2.WhathasmadePh.D.programsunpopular?

3.TheMLAreportabouttheemploymentrateistoooptimisticbecauseit（

）.

4.Universityjobopeningsarediminishingduetothefactthat

（

）.

5.AccordingtoParagraph5,theAmericaneducationalinstitutions（

）overthepastdecades

.

6.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhatcurrentliberalartsmajors（

）.

問題1選項

A.Enjoy.

B.Overlook.

C.Investigate.

D.Understand.

問題2選項

A.Theynolongersaveyourtime.

B.Theycannotguaranteeasecurejob.

C.Theyarecompetitiveandtime-consuming.

D.Theyarenotsubsidizedbythegovernment.

問題3選項

A.overestimatesthejobmarket

B.failstoaccountforformergraduates

C.doesnotincludeallkindsofjobs

D.excludesnewly-graduatedPh.D.s

問題4選項

A.thescaleofuniversitiesisshrinking

B.adjunctprofessorsarelikelytotakefull-timejobs

C.fewerundergraduateswanttomajorinhumanities

D.sometheoreticalapproacheshavebeenprovenwrong

問題5選項

A.haveresultedintenure-trackprofessors

B.haveattractedmoremaleandelitestudents

C.havebeenexpandingtooverseascountries

D.havebeguntoofferavarietyofvocationalprograms

問題6選項

A.aremoredesirablethaneverbefore

B.willcatertomiddle-classstudents

C.arelessappealingthanbusinessmajors

D.areascompetitiveasbusinessmajors

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:C

【解析】1.詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第一段第一句。根據(jù)“EveryoneknowsthatEnglishdepartmentsareintrouble,butitisdifficulttoappreciatejusthowmuchtroubleuntilyoureadthereportfromtheModemLanguageAssociation(MLA).（每個人都知道英語系有麻煩了，但是在你讀到來自現(xiàn)代語言協(xié)會(MLA)的報告之前，你很難理解到底有多大的麻煩。）”句中appreciate與句中know為同義詞，即“理解，明白”的意思。從而得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位在原文第二段第一句到第二句。根據(jù)“today,itcantakealmostadecadetogetadoctorate,and,attheendofyourprogram,you’reunlikelytofindatenure-trackposition.（如今，獲得博士學(xué)位可能需要近十年的時間，而且，在你的課程結(jié)束時，你不太可能找到一個終身職位。）”從而得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“MLAreport”將信息點定位至原文第三段最后一句。根據(jù)“Butthatleavesoutthethousandsofunemployedgraduatesfrompastyearswhoarestilljob-hunting.（但這還不包括過去幾年來仍在找工作的數(shù)千名失業(yè)畢業(yè)生。）”即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第四段。根據(jù)“Somecriticsthinkthatthehumanitieshavegottentooweird”“overlytheoreticalapproach”“teachingopportunitieshavedisappeared”（一些批評家認(rèn)為人文學(xué)科已經(jīng)變得太奇怪了，“過于理論化的方法”，“教學(xué)機(jī)會已經(jīng)消失了”）”,即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第五段。根據(jù)“Essentially,collegesgrewlesseliteandmorevocational.（從本質(zhì)上講，大學(xué)變得不那么精英化，而是更加職業(yè)化。）”即可得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“collegeshavehadtooffermorecareer-focusedmajors,infieldslikebusiness（大學(xué)不得不提供更多以職業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的專業(yè)，比如商科）”“humanitiesdepartmentshavefoundthemselvesdriftingawayfromthecenteroftheuniversity（人文學(xué)系發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在遠(yuǎn)離大學(xué)的中心）”即可得出本題答案。

9.翻譯題

貫穿我們整個歷史，我們一直在考察星星，思考人類是否是唯一的高級生命，還是也許在黑暗的夜空某一處，還有其他生命，宇宙中同輩思想家，也和我們一樣在思考和在懷疑。這類生命可能不同于我們看待他們自己和宇宙。那里也許會有異乎尋常的生物學(xué)、技術(shù)和社會。在這人們難以想象的廣袤而古老的宇宙蒼穹中，我們是有點孤寂，我們思考著我們小而精微的藍(lán)色星球的最終意義，假如有意義的話。探索來自外星的信息就是為人類探索能接受的宇宙淵源背景。從深層意義上說，探索外星的信息就是探索我們自己。隨著人們越來越投身于這一嚴(yán)肅的探索事業(yè)，一個稍帶否定含義但很有趣的音符出現(xiàn)了。最近，有一些科學(xué)家提出一個難以解釋的問題：如果外星來的信息量很大，那我們?yōu)槭裁礇]有看出其表現(xiàn)的形式呢？

【答案】【參考譯文】

Throughallofourhistory,wehaveponderedthestarsandmusedwhetherhumanityisuniqueorifsomewhereelseinthedarkofthenightsky,thereareotherbeingswhocontemplateandwonderaswedo,fellowthinkersinthecosmos.Suchbeingsmightviewthemselvesandtheuniversedifferently.Theremightbeveryexoticbiologyandtechnologyandsociety.Inacosmicsettingvastandoldbeyondordinaryhumanunderstanding,wearealittlelonely,andwepondertheultimatesignificance,ifany,ofourtinybutexquisiteblueplanet.Thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligenceisthesearchforgenerallyacceptablecosmiccontextforthehumanspecies.Inthedeepestsense,thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligenceisasearchforourselves.Alongwiththegrowingdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasmergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundant,whyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?

10.單選題

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheir

part,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngand

old,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

問題1選項

A.interpreting

B.beinginterpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.interpreted

【答案】D

【解析】非謂語動詞的用法。A選項interpreting動詞的分詞形式，表示主動；B選項beinginterpreted動詞被動語態(tài)的分詞形式；C選項tobeinterpreted動詞被動語態(tài)的不定式，表示將來或打算；D選項interpreted動詞的過去分詞。句意：最重要的是，這說明了經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、政治變化如何發(fā)揮作用，從而，正確理解應(yīng)該是，…分析句子可知空格前的內(nèi)容與interpret之間為被動關(guān)系，且應(yīng)該是過去發(fā)生，而不是正在發(fā)生或?qū)⒁l(fā)生，D選項正確。

11.單選題

Livingconstantlyintheatmosphereofslave,hebecameinfected（）theunconscious（）theirpsychology.Noonecanshieldhimself（）suchaninfluence.

問題1選項

A.on...by...at

B.by...for...in

C.from...in...on

D.through...with...from

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。infectsb.withsth.“用……感染……”是固定搭配；shieldfrom“庇護(hù)使免遭……”也是固定搭配；through表示感染渠道。因此D選項符合題意。

12.翻譯題

交流促進(jìn)發(fā)展。一個國家、一個民族，只要不是由于主觀和客觀的種種原因而長期處于孤立、閉塞的狀態(tài)之中，或多或少都可以從交流中得到好處。

事實上，在現(xiàn)代國家中，絕對不受外來影響的固有文化是不存在的。一位外國的著名歷史學(xué)家曾經(jīng)寫道：“任何國家的文明，來自外來影響的產(chǎn)物總是多于本國的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如果有人要把英國文化中任何受外國影響或來源于外國的東西剔除掉，那么，英國的文化就所剩無幾了。”

事實也近乎如此。中國古代的四大發(fā)明曾經(jīng)給古代世界的文化發(fā)展以巨大的推動。漢唐文化對朝鮮、日本等毗鄰國家的文化發(fā)展，更是給予了深刻而又久遠(yuǎn)的影響。同樣，近代和現(xiàn)代西方的許多重要科學(xué)成果，也改變了并繼續(xù)改變著當(dāng)代中國人的生活。

【答案】Actually,inmoderncountries,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-exist.Afamousforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinventions.IfonesubtractedeverythingfromtheEnglishculturethathasforeignrootsorbearssomeforeigninfluence,therewouldbelittleleft.”

Thisisnotfarfrombeingtrue.TheFourGreatInventionsinAncientChinagreatlyadvancedtheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Moresignificantly,theChinesecultureofHanandTangDynastiesexercisedaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonsuchneighboringcountriesasKoreaandJapan.Inthesameway,themajorscientificachievementsofmodernandcontemporaryWesthavechangedandarestillchangingtheChineselifetoday.

13.翻譯題

41.人類社會中的戰(zhàn)爭大體源于兩方面的缺乏。第一是資源的缺乏：爭奪對國家安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要的稀缺戰(zhàn)略資源往往是一國發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的重要動因。第二是信任的缺乏：這種缺乏常常導(dǎo)致國家在宗教、文化、意識形態(tài)等方面的持續(xù)對抗，并由此引發(fā)軍事沖突。

42.一方面，投資的滯后牽制了經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長，而另一方面，持續(xù)的消費熱在一定程度上緩解了經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退。

43.大學(xué)里學(xué)到的知識還相當(dāng)粗淺，研究生階段才開始研究學(xué)問，但在這個時期也只能算是初涉學(xué)術(shù)，更加注重的應(yīng)是領(lǐng)悟研究的方法。

【答案】41.Warsinhumansocietyariselargelyfromtwodeficiencies.Thefirstisthelackofresources:thescrambleforscarcestrategicresources,whicharevitaltonationalsecurityandeconomicdevelopment,isoftenanimportantmotivationforacountrytolaunchawar.Thesecondisalackoftrust:thislackhasoftenledtoongoingrivalriesbetweencountriesoverreligion,culture,ideology,etc.,whichleadstomilitaryconflicts.

42.Ontheonehand,thelagofinvestmenthasheldbackeconomicgrowth,whileontheother,thesustainedconsumptionboomhasalleviatedtheeconomicrecessiontoacertainextent.

43.Whatyouareimpartedduringuniversityissomethingquitesuperficial,andtheresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarejusttheplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttasteoflearningwhereemphasisisonresearchmethodologyandpractice.

14.單選題

Thisemphasisonan"English"traditionhascomeundercontinuousattackduringthelasttwentyyearsorso;duringtheirundergraduatetrainingmanyyoungteachersofEnglishwillhavediscussedtheassumptionsthatunderliesuchconcernforourcultural（）.

問題1選項

A.inhabitants

B.heritage

C.inheritors

D.hereditary

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。inhabitant“居民”，heritage“遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)；繼承權(quán)”，inheritor“繼承人；后繼者”，hereditary“遺傳類”。句意：在他們的本科培訓(xùn)中，許多年輕的英語老師將討論這些假設(shè)，這些假設(shè)是我們對文化傳統(tǒng)關(guān)心的基礎(chǔ)。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn.WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofcountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityofeducationoutcomes—allthingthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakers,whorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress

1.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

4.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?

問題1選項

A.praisedtheUKforitsGDP

B.identifiedGDPwithhappiness

C.misinterpretedtheroleofGDP

D.hadalowopinionofGDP

問題2選項

A.theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern

B.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy

C.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK

D.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP

問題3選項

A.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator

B.Itissponsoredby163countries.

C.Itscriteriaarequestionable

D.Itsresultareenlightening

問題4選項

A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom

B.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline

C.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP

D.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissue

問題5選項

A.HighGDPbutInadequateWell-being,aU.Klesson

B.GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

C.RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

D.Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile”提到肯尼迪對于GDP的看法，他說一個國家的GDP可以衡量的是除了使生命變得有價值之外的每件事，言下之意就是GDP是沒有意義的。可見他對GDP是持否定態(tài)度的。選項D符合題意。

2.文章第二段以英國為例來說明GDP數(shù)值好并不代表國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)好，也不代表國民的生活好，不然為什么會有那么多人支持脫歐（Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?）選項C“GDP作為衡量成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在英國不被廣泛認(rèn)同”符合題意。

3.文章第三段第一句Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion提到最近一項關(guān)于各國及其將經(jīng)濟(jì)增長轉(zhuǎn)化為福利的能力的年度研究揭示了這個問題。選項D符合題意，“結(jié)果具有啟發(fā)性”。

4.文章倒數(shù)第二段再一次提到肯尼迪對GDP的看法，他指的是盡管國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）是衡量各國經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的最常用方法，但作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這已經(jīng)不夠了。它沒有把其他一些重要的因素比如環(huán)境質(zhì)量或教育成果包括進(jìn)來，由此可以推測選項C符合題意，“把GDP以外的一些因素考慮進(jìn)來”。

5.文章第一段通過肯尼迪對于GDP的消極觀點引出原文，并通過英國脫歐這個案例來引出考慮GDP這個評價機(jī)制的好壞。接下來通過英國的例子指出GDP好并不代表國家發(fā)展好。最后指出這是每一個發(fā)達(dá)國家需要得到的教訓(xùn)。選項A“英國的教訓(xùn)——高GDP，低幸?！狈项}意。

16.單選題

Inaworldthataimstoeliminatehungeranddisparitiesinwealth,globeequilibriumisvital.

問題1選項

A.equity

B.balance

C.inequality

D.discretion

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，這里是消除貧富差距。disparities意為“差異，不一致”。equity公平，公正；balance平衡，勻稱；inequality不平等，不同；discretion謹(jǐn)慎，考慮周到。選項C與之意思相近。

17.單選題

Shesaysmorethanone______dismissedfromthiscompany.

問題1選項

A.havebeen

B.shouldbe

C.hasbeen

D.hadbeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。句意：她說這家公司應(yīng)該解雇的不止一個人。morethanone表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，但是使用單數(shù)形式，A選項havebeen錯誤?，F(xiàn)在完成時是過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，可能持續(xù)發(fā)生下去，這里沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成影響，C選項hasbeen錯誤。過去完成時表示過去某一時間前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，對過去的某一點造成的某種影響或是結(jié)果，用來指在另一個過去行動之前就已經(jīng)完成了的事件，這里也不是過去完成時，D選項hadbeen錯誤。B選項shouldbe在這里表示猜測，是一般現(xiàn)在時，符合題意。因此B選項正確。

18.單選題

Youareaccident________becauseyou’reabitcarelessinwhatyoudo.

問題1選項

A.proof

B.oriented

C.inclined

D.prone

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.proof能抵御的，可防護(hù)的B.oriented以……為方向的，重視……的

C.inclined有傾向的，有可能的D.prone有做……傾向的，易于遭受……的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和上文的“accident（事故）”共同構(gòu)成形容詞作表語，because引導(dǎo)了一個原因狀語從句，表示“你做事有點粗心大意（careless）”，所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果應(yīng)該是容易出事故。prone指容易遭受某事，有做某事的傾向，因此D選項prone“有做……傾向的；易于遭受……的”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項proof“能抵御的，可防護(hù)的”指能抵抗某物的破壞性或有害影響的，與題干語義相矛盾，應(yīng)該是“容易出事故”而不是“能抵御事故”；

B選項oriented“以……為方向的，重視……的”指關(guān)心、面向某個特定的事物，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項inclined“有傾向的，有可能的”指主觀意愿上傾向于做某事，想要做某事，不能和“accident（事故）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意