考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京經(jīng)濟(jì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京經(jīng)濟(jì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.問(wèn)答題

Directions:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70to90words.PutyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

WhatisSociety?Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,asacollectivebody,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Oneofthebestdirectanalogiesiswiththehumanbodyitself.Thecellsareallalive,independently,yettheygrouptogetherandestablishroles,responsibilities,andrelationshipsthatallowagreaterwholetoexistthatismorethanjustthesumoftheparts.Thecellsgainfromthespecificrolestheyplaybecausetheyareallowedtobewhattheyaremoreeffectively.Further,theyaregivenalimitedawarenessofthewholethattheireffortsaidincreating.

Similarly,whenindividualhumanbeingsgrouptogethertoformsocieties,anorganizationiscreatedinwhichthemembersarethecells.Subgroupsofthemembersmayformorgansthroughwhichhigherlevelfunctionscanthenmanifest.Iftherelationshipsareloose,thebodycreatedhaslimitedfunctionalityoverthatofanyindividualmemberbecausethereislittlesynergy.Whentherelationshipsarecloseandfoundedonabasisoflove,thebodythuscreatedhassignificantfunctionalityoverthatoftheindividuals.Whenthegroupissmall,feworganscanbecreatedsothereislimitedcomplexityorfunctionality.Whenthegroupislarge,manyorganscanbecreated,resultinginhighlyincreasedcomplexityandfunctionality.Countries,regions,statescities,andneighborhoodscouldallbeconsideredtobesocietiesascouldteams,groups,andanyotherorganizationsofpeople.Forourpurposeshere,themostimportantsocietyisTheUnitedStatesofAmericasinceitistheoneestablishedtosetuptheNewOrderfortheAges,novusordoseclorum.

Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludesalltheeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

【答案】參考范文：Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludestheentireeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

2.單選題

Broadlyspeaking,I（1）theexperienceofwould-bepublicintellectualsintotwoforms.Intheperiodofthe1960sand1970s,thoseworkingforsocialjustice（2）intellectualworkagainstthebackgroundofa‘worldunderconstruction’-thoughtandactionremainedalliedandthelinktopolicyremained（3）forintellectualstomovebeyondmerewordgames.

Inthel980sandearly1990s,thoseintellectualsworkingforsocialjusticeineducationfaceda‘worldunderdeconstruction’-manyof（4）projectsweredismantledorcameundersustainedattack.Inthislaterperiod,detachedfromactionanddivorcedfrompolicy,thepublicintellectualwasforcedintoanincreasinglyabstractpositionofarguingthroughwordsforpoliciesandactivitiesthat（5）discoursesofdisavowal,displacementandderision.Thisisharshterraintooccupyandyettherearemanyexamplesofpeoplewhocontinuedto（6）socialjusticesinrace,genderandclassterms.

IamremindedofafilmIwatchedontheAmericanCivilWar.AstheSouthwasprogressivelydefeated,（7）landwasoccupied-justafewtownsandstripsofland.Intheend,thecommentatorsaidallthatwasleftwasa‘confederacyofthemind’-acollectivememoryofanaspiration.

（8）,thathasbeenthefateofmovementsforsocialjusticeandofassociatedintellectualwork（9）thepasttwodecades.Butweshouldnotunderestimatethe‘confederacyofthemind’.Forone（10）Iwillmakewithgreatforceisthatthelargestproblemtheattemptedreconstructionofthepasttwodecades（11）-theattempttodemolishthewelfarestate-ispeople’scollectivememoryofgoodpublicservices,ofcommitmentstoprovisionforall,（12）itbeschoolsorhospitals.Thevitaltasknowisto（13）,reenergizeandreinventnewprojectsandprogramsforsocialjustice,formemoriesandpredispositioninBritainremain（14）resilient.Weshouldnowbe（15）defineanewrolefortheeducationalresearcherin（16）Britain,anddosoinwaysinformedbycollectivememoriesofsocialjusticeinitiatives.Thisshould,hopefully,presageanewinvestigationoftheroleofeducationalresearcheraspublicintellectual,movingus（17）anewphaseafterthehopefulyearsofthe1960sandearly1970sandthereversalinthetwodecadesthatfollowed.Nowwecanhopeagaintherearepostmodernprospects（18）IshouldnotethatIamnot（19）re-establishingsomeoldmasternarrativeofsocialjustice-more（20）voicesandvisions,amovingmosaicofintentionsandplans.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haddivided

B.divided

C.hadbeendividing

D.havebeendividing

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.undertook

B.undertake

C.accepted

D.accept

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.farenough

B.enoughfar

C.closeenough

D.enoughclose

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedearly

B.themostdearly

C.dearly

D.themoredearly

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.weresubjectto

B.weresubjectedto

C.aresubjectto

D.aresubjectedto

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.argueagainst

B.arguefor

C.arguewith

D.argueto

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.moreandmore

B.more

C.less

D.lessandless

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.Insomeway

B.Insomeways

C.Inaway

D.[nways

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.for

C.in

D.by

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.assertion

B.announcement

C.allege

D.assessment

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.willface

B.face

C.faced

D.hasfaced

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.rather

B.whether

C.either

D.even

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.reentrant

B.reinvigorate

C.reinforce

D.reeducated

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.remarkably

B.remarking

C.remarked

D.remarkable

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.lookinginto

B.lookingonto

C.lookingto

D.lookingforwardto

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.millenarian

B.millennium

C.millennial

D.millenary

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.forwardto

B.awayto

C.into

D.onto

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.forexploring

B.toexplore

C.withexploration

D.forexploration

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.talkingwith

B.talkingabout

C.talkingover

D.talkingto

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.alotof

B.abitof

C.anumberof

D.asetof

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:C

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】（1）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)文章第二句“Intheperiodofthe1960sand1970s”可知，句子的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的回憶。又根據(jù)broadlyspeaking“一般說(shuō)來(lái)”，可知，空格中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且會(huì)一直持續(xù)下去。所以選用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（2）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和語(yǔ)法。undertake“從事，承擔(dān)”；accept“接受”，根據(jù)文意：那些為社會(huì)正義而工作的人承擔(dān)著智力工作。所以選用動(dòng)詞undertake，又根據(jù)整個(gè)文段的時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）固定搭配和語(yǔ)法。enough修飾形容詞需要后置，選項(xiàng)B和D可排除。又根據(jù)上文remainedallied“保持同盟關(guān)系”，可知下文應(yīng)該表示與政策相聯(lián)系，使其保持足夠緊密。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（4）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)文意manyof表示“在……中許多”，可知空格中應(yīng)該填入最高級(jí)，副詞dearly的最高級(jí)為themostdearly，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（5）固定搭配和語(yǔ)法。besubjectedto“經(jīng)受……”，besubjectto“從屬于……，有……傾向”。句意：從屬于否認(rèn)、替換和嘲笑的談話。又因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)文段為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（6）固定搭配。argueagainst“反對(duì)”；arguefor“支持”；arguewith“和……爭(zhēng)論”；沒(méi)有搭配argueto，選項(xiàng)D可排除。根據(jù)句意：在種族、性別、階級(jí)方面繼續(xù)支持正義。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（7）推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“AstheSouthwasprogressivelydefeated…”，可知隨著南方逐漸被打敗，越來(lái)越少的土地被占領(lǐng)-只有一些城鎮(zhèn)和狹長(zhǎng)地帶。lessandless“越來(lái)越少”，moreandmore“越來(lái)越多”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（8）固定搭配。insomeways“在某些方面，在某種程度上”；inaway“在某些程度上，有點(diǎn)兒”；沒(méi)有搭配insomeway和inways，選項(xiàng)A和D可排除。句意：在某種程度上，這就是爭(zhēng)取社會(huì)正義運(yùn)功的命運(yùn)。Insomeways起承上啟下的作用，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（9）固定搭配。固定搭配“inthepasttwodecades”意思為“在過(guò)去的二十年”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）名詞詞義辨析。assertion“斷言，聲明”；announcement“公告”；allege“斷言，宣稱(chēng)”；assessment“評(píng)定，估價(jià)”。句意：我們不應(yīng)該低估“思想聯(lián)盟”，我用我最大的力量去聲明的一點(diǎn)是……，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（11）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞thepasttwodecades“在過(guò)去的二十年”，可知句子的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（12）邏輯關(guān)系。rather“寧可，寧愿”；whether…or“無(wú)論……還是……”；either…or“或者……或者（兩者之一）”；even“甚至”。句意：承諾給所有人提供糧食，無(wú)論是學(xué)校還是醫(yī)院。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（13）詞匯題。reentrant“可再入的”；reinvigorate“使再振作”；reinforce“加強(qiáng)”；reeducated“接受再教育的”。句意：現(xiàn)在最重要的任務(wù)是重振、再激勵(lì)和改造社會(huì)正義的新項(xiàng)目和計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（14）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)空格后的resilient形容詞，詞意為“有彈力的，能迅速恢復(fù)的”，可知空格中應(yīng)該填入副詞，用來(lái)修飾形容詞，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（15）固定搭配。lookinto“調(diào)查，窺視”；lookto“注意，指望”；lookonto“朝……看”；lookforwardto“期望，期待”。句意：我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該注意為研究教育者定位一個(gè)新的角色。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（16）形近詞辨析和語(yǔ)法。millenarian“一千的”；millennium“一千年”；millennial“—千年的”；millenary“千年，一千”。根據(jù)上文提到的新計(jì)劃的完成，可知項(xiàng)目和計(jì)劃的完成需要上千年，名詞Britain前應(yīng)該用形容詞，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（17）固定搭配。根據(jù)搭配move…into…“將……移入……”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（18）語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now，可知文章提到的是現(xiàn)在對(duì)未來(lái)的希望，所以用不定式表將來(lái)，在句子中作目的狀語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（19）固定搭配。talkwith“和……交談”；talkabout“談?wù)撽P(guān)于……”，talkover“談?wù)摚f(shuō)服”；talkto“和……說(shuō)話”。句意：我們不是在談?wù)撽P(guān)于重新建構(gòu)一些關(guān)于社會(huì)正義的舊事講述。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（20）固定搭配和語(yǔ)法。alotof“許多，大量”；abitof“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”；anumberof“大量的”；asetof“一組，一套”。根據(jù)文意moreasetofvoicesandvisions“更多的是一些聲音和愿景”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Astheyenteredthevillageshop,theoldladybehindthecounter________atthemkindly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beamed

B.glared

C.grimaced

D.peeped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。beamatsb.“對(duì)某人微笑”；glareatsb.“盯著某人；怒視某人”；grimace“扮鬼臉”；peepat“偷窺”。句意：當(dāng)他們走進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村小店時(shí)，柜臺(tái)后面的老婦人朝他們友好地微笑。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

IndustrializationcametotheUnitedStateafter1790asNorthAmericanentrepreneursincreasedproductivitybyreorganizingworkandbuildingfactories.Theseinnovationsinmanufacturingboostedoutputandlivingstandardstoanunprecedentedextent;theaveragepercapitawealthincreasedbynearly1percentperyear—30percentoverthecourseofageneration.Goodsthathadoncebeenluxuryitemsbecamepartofeverydaylife.

Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods,sincethe1790’s,NorthAmericanentrepreneurs—evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements—hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.Forexample,duringthe1820’sand1830’stheshoeindustrygreatlyexpandedthescaleandextendoftheoutworksystem.Tensofthousandsofruralwomen,paidaccordingtotheamounttheyproduced,fabricatedthe“uppers”ofshoes,whichwereboundtothesolesbywage-earningjourneymenshoemakersindozensofMassachusettstown,whereaspreviouslyjourneymenwouldhavemadetheensureshoe.Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”anderodedworkers’controloverthepaceandconditionsoflabor.However,italsodramaticallyincreasedtheoutputofshoeswhilecuttingtheirprice.

Fortasksthatwerenotsuitedtotheoutworksystem,entrepreneurscreatedanevenmoreimportantneworganization,themodernfactory,whichusedpower-drivenmachinesandassembly-linetechniquestoturnoutlargequantitiesofwell-madegoods.Asearlyas1782theprolificDelawareinventorOliverEvanshadbuiltahighlyautomated,laborsavingflourmilldrivenbywaterpower.Hismachineryliftedthegraintothetopofthemill,cleaneditasitfellintocontainersknownashoppers,groundthegrainintoflour,andthenconveyedtheflourbacktothetopofthemilltoallowittocoolasitdescendedintobarrels.Subsequently,manufacturersmadeuseofnewimprovedstationarystreamenginestopowertheirmills.Thisnewtechnologyenabledthemtobuildfactoriesinthenation’slargestcities,takingadvantageofurbanconcentrationsofinexpensivelabor,goodtransportationnetworks,andeagercustomers.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Theauthormentionstheshoeindustryinthesecondparagraphtoprovideanexampleofhow（）.

3.Allofthefollowingarementionedaseffectsofchangesintheshoeindustryduringthe1820’sand1830’sEXCEPT（）.

4.AllofthefollowingaretrueoftheoutworksystemEXCEPT（）

5.Thepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasaresultofimprovementsinfactorymachinery?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThedifficultiesofindustrializationinNorthAmerica

B.Theinfluenceofchangesinmanufacturingonthegrowthofurbancenters

C.TherapidspeedofindustrializationinNorthAmerica

D.Improvedwaysoforganizingthemanufacturingofgoods

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.entrepreneursincreasedoutputbyusinganextendedoutworksystem

B.entrepreneursusedtechnologicalimprovementstoincreaseoutput

C.ruralworkersrespondedto“shoebosses”

D.changesintheoutworksystemimprovedthequalityofshoes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.anincreaseintheworker’sdependenceonentrepreneurs

B.anincreaseinthewagespaidtojourneymenshoemakers

C.adeclineintheworkersabilitytocontrolthespeedofproduction

D.adecreaseinthepriceofshoes

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itinvolvedstagesofproduction.

B.Itwasmoreefficientthanthesystemsusedbefore1790.

C.Itmademanyemployerslesspowerfulthantheyhadbeenbefore.

D.Itdidnotnecessarilyinvolveanytechnologicalimprovements.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itbecameeasierforfactoryownerstofindworkersandcustomers.

B.Manufacturershadtoemploymorehighlyskilledworkers.

C.Theamountofpowerrequiredforfactoriesoperatewasreduced.

D.Factoriescouldoperatemorethanoneengineatatime.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第二段中hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.（擴(kuò)大了外部工作系統(tǒng)的范圍，通過(guò)將材料分發(fā)給連續(xù)的工人，每個(gè)工人只執(zhí)行生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)步驟，從而提高了生產(chǎn)效率。）介紹了流水線的生產(chǎn)方式，第三段中entrepreneurscreatedanevenmoreimportantneworganization,themodernfactory,whichusedpower-drivenmachinesandassembly-linetechniquestoturnoutlargequantitiesofwell-madegoods.（企業(yè)家們創(chuàng)造了一種更重要的新組織——現(xiàn)代工廠，它使用動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)的機(jī)器和裝配線技術(shù)生產(chǎn)出大量?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。）介紹了動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)的現(xiàn)代化工廠，這些都是改進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)組織方式。所以D選項(xiàng)“改進(jìn)的商品生產(chǎn)組織方式”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“北美工業(yè)化的困難”，文章說(shuō)的是北美工業(yè)化的不斷進(jìn)步，而不是困難之處，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“制造業(yè)變化對(duì)城市中心增長(zhǎng)的影響”和C選項(xiàng)“北美工業(yè)化的快速發(fā)展”，文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段，第二段開(kāi)頭說(shuō)Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods…h(huán)adbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficient.（令人印象深刻的產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)主要源于工人的生產(chǎn)方式……北美企業(yè)家擴(kuò)大了外部工作系統(tǒng)的范圍。），后面又介紹了“shoeindustry”，即第二段提到制鞋業(yè)是作為外部工作系統(tǒng)的例子。所以A選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)家通過(guò)使用擴(kuò)展的外部工作系統(tǒng)來(lái)增加產(chǎn)量”正確。B選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)家利用技術(shù)改進(jìn)提高產(chǎn)量”，文章第二段第一句evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements（即使沒(méi)有技術(shù)進(jìn)步），說(shuō)明制鞋業(yè)產(chǎn)量的提高不是因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)改進(jìn)，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)村工人對(duì)鞋老板的反應(yīng)”，文中沒(méi)有提到工人對(duì)鞋老板的態(tài)度，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“外部工作系統(tǒng)的改變提高了鞋子的質(zhì)量”，文中只說(shuō)了產(chǎn)量的提高，沒(méi)有說(shuō)到質(zhì)量的方面，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”.（這種生產(chǎn)體系使雇主成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的“鞋老板”。），也就是說(shuō)雇主的權(quán)力加大，工人的工作越來(lái)越依賴(lài)于雇主，所以A選項(xiàng)“工人對(duì)企業(yè)家的依賴(lài)增加”符合題意。由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句anderodedworkers’controloverthepaceandconditionsoflabor（剝奪了工人對(duì)勞動(dòng)速度和條件的控制），說(shuō)明工人對(duì)勞動(dòng)速度的控制減弱，所以C選項(xiàng)“工人控制生產(chǎn)速度的能力下降”符合題意。由D選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段最后一句italsodramaticallyincreasedtheoutputofshoeswhilecuttingtheirprice.（它還大幅提高了鞋子的產(chǎn)量，同時(shí)降低了它們的價(jià)格。），說(shuō)明鞋子的價(jià)格下降了，所以D選項(xiàng)“鞋價(jià)的下降”符合題意。而文章中沒(méi)有提到工人工資的問(wèn)題，所以B選項(xiàng)“付給熟練工的工資提高”不符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段第一句hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystem…eachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess（擴(kuò)大了外部工作系統(tǒng)的范圍……每個(gè)工人只執(zhí)行生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)步驟），說(shuō)明外部工作系統(tǒng)涉及到生產(chǎn)的各個(gè)階段，所以A選項(xiàng)“涉及到生產(chǎn)的各個(gè)階段”正確。由B選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第一段第一句IndustrializationcametotheUnitedStateafter1790asNorthAmericanentrepreneursincreasedproductivitybyreorganizingworkandbuildingfactories.（1790年后工業(yè)化進(jìn)入美國(guó)，北美企業(yè)家通過(guò)重組工作和建造工廠提高了生產(chǎn)力。），說(shuō)明1790年后新的外部工作系統(tǒng)使得生產(chǎn)效率比以往提高了，所以B選項(xiàng)“比1790年以前使用的系統(tǒng)效率更高”正確。由D選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段第一句evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements（即使沒(méi)有技術(shù)進(jìn)步），說(shuō)明外部工作系統(tǒng)不一定需要技術(shù)進(jìn)步，所以D選項(xiàng)“并不一定涉及技術(shù)進(jìn)步”正確。由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”.（這種生產(chǎn)體系使雇主成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的“鞋老板”。），說(shuō)明這種外部工作系統(tǒng)讓雇主權(quán)力更大了，選項(xiàng)與原文表述的意思相反，所以C選項(xiàng)“使得許多雇主的權(quán)力不如以前”錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Thisnewtechnologyenabledthemtobuildfactoriesinthenation’slargestcities,takingadvantageofurbanconcentrationsofinexpensivelabor,goodtransportationnetworks,andeagercustomers.（這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)使他們?cè)诿绹?guó)最大的城市建立起工廠，并充分利用密集的廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力、良好的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)和需求急切的顧客。），廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力說(shuō)明工廠主能招到更多工人，需求急切的顧客說(shuō)明有更多的消費(fèi)者，這些都是工廠機(jī)器改進(jìn)的結(jié)果。所以A選項(xiàng)“工廠主更容易找到工人和顧客”正確。B選項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)廠家不得不雇用更多的高技能工人”，工廠機(jī)器改進(jìn)可以讓廠家招到更多廉價(jià)的工人，并不需要雇用技術(shù)水平高的工人，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“工廠運(yùn)行所需的用電量減少了”和D選項(xiàng)“工廠可以同時(shí)操作一臺(tái)以上的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)”，文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以C，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.單選題

Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesires（

）widelybetweenmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alter

B.vary

C.transfer

D.shift

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。alter改變，更改；vary改變，變化；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)變；shift轉(zhuǎn)移，變換。

句意：希望、目標(biāo)、恐懼和欲望在男人和女人之間、富人和窮人之間大不相同。這幾個(gè)詞都有改變的意思，但是只有vary能和后面的between搭配，意為“在...之間變化、有差異”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.單選題

Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletely（）random.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：用來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的人完全是隨機(jī)挑選的。at和random搭配意為“任意地，隨便地”，因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

7.單選題

Thestockmarketdeclinedsharply,andrampantbusinessinvestmentslumped.Thenanensuingspateonscandals_______publictrustinthewaycompanieswererun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consolidated

B.illuminated

C.weakened

D.celebrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consolidate“鞏固，加強(qiáng)”；B選項(xiàng)illuminate“說(shuō)明；使?fàn)N爛”；C選項(xiàng)weaken“削弱”；D選項(xiàng)celebrate“慶祝；宣告”。句意：股市大幅下跌，泛濫的商業(yè)投資大幅下滑。接著是一連串的丑聞_______公眾對(duì)公司運(yùn)作方式的信任。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，股市大跌，投資下滑，可知這里表達(dá)負(fù)面的意味，weaken“削弱”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Idon’tsmokenow,butIused（

）whenIwasyoung.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.todo

C.toit

D.todoingit

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我現(xiàn)在不抽煙了，但是我年輕的時(shí)候常常抽煙。

固定搭配。usedtodo過(guò)去常常;be/getusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣于…。因此B符合句意。

9.單選題

[A]Atitsmostbasic,corporatecultureisdescribedasthepersonalityofanorganization,orsimplyas“howthingsaredonearoundhere”.Itguides[B]whatemployeesthink,act,andfeel.Itisawideterm[C]usedtodefinetheuniquepersonalityorcharacterofaparticularcompanyororganization,[D]andincludessuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporateethics,andrulesofbehavior.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atitsmostbasic

B.what

C.usedtodefine

D.andincludes

【答案】B

【解析】考查關(guān)系詞。B選項(xiàng)后面的句子主語(yǔ)是employees，謂語(yǔ)think，act，feel都是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能接賓語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)將what改為how。

10.單選題

MarcHooper,notlongpromotedtoCEOofconfectionerygiantSpartanKetley(SK),isverydifferentfromhispredecessors.Heisacorporatelawyerbytraining,andhisbackgroundhasclearlyshapedhismanagementstyle.Hewastaughtthatnoworkshouldgouncheckedandthatnostatementcangooutwithouteverythingbeingfullydefined.”Thelegalworldteachesyoutothinkinasyntheticway,totakecontrastingideasandthreadthemtogethertoformastrategyHooper,withlittlemarketingexperience,wasnotatthetopofmarketobservers’listsforthejob.Buthereheis,justoverayearintotheroleandseeminglyontopofthings.

EducatedatHarvardUniversity,Hooperstartedhiscareerwithwell-knownNewYorkconsultantsCox&Leight(C&L),andbecameaspecialistinmergersandacquisitions.ItwasatremendoustraininggroundandIcouldhavestayedinmergersandacquisitionsIfoundtheworkinteresting.Butanotheropportunitypresenteditself:SKofferedhimajobasgeneraladvisor.HooperknewSKwellbecauseC&LwasitsmainNewYorkconsultancyfirmandHooperlookedafteritsaccount.

HooperlikedSKandwhentheycamecalling,severalfactorsweighedonhismind.“IadmiredSKandthoughtitwouldbeagreatplacetowork.C&LhadtoldmeIwasonlyfiveyearsthroughaten-yearjourneytobecomeapartner.Also,forthreeyearsinarowmypayatC&Lhadstayedthesame.Finally,Iwasworkingverylonghoursinalarge,impersonalofficeanditseemedlikeanintelligentlifestyledecisiontotakeajobwithadifferentcompany.

HooperbecameestablishedatSK,andsoonfeltreadyforahigherposition,butwastoldthatnoonecouldgetonatSKunlesstheyhadbeeninsalesandmarketing.Ihadtomakeamove,“saysHooper.”Itookarisk;IbecameheadofmarketinginEurope.Infact,thiswasasidewaysmove-notformoremoneybuttoaddtohisknowledgeandtofurtherhiscareer.Thefirstchallengewasthathefoundhimselfinchargeof25brightyoungmarketingpeople.“Ihadtoworkhardtokeepup,”headmits.

Throughout,hehasremainedfocused,hiseyealwaysonthemainprize.HiselevationtoCEO,hesays,isproofofSKSinclusiveness.“Wearealwaysopentopeoplewithfreshideas,asCEOIsupportanyonewhoiswillingtotakeachanceandwhowantstostretchthemselves.Ifyouarekeentodevelopandproveyoucansucceed,thiscompanywillprovidethechallengeyouneed.”Andinlinewiththisphilosophy,Hooperisnotanautocraticleaderhisstyleistoconsult,toseekadvice,thentoact.

1.ThechoiceofMareHooperasSpartanKetley’sCEOwassurprisingbecause______.

2.WhatdoesHoopersayabouthisfirstjob?

3.OneofthereasonsforHooperleavingCoxandLeightwas______.

4.AftersometimeatSpartanKetley,Hooperchangeddepartmentsbecause______.

5.HoopersaysthathispolicyasCEOisto______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heknewmoreaboutlawthanmarketing

B.hehadlittleexperienceofstrategicplanning

C.hehadbeenwiththecompanyforashorttime

D.heintendedtotakethecompanyinadifferentdirection

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heregardedthejobasameanstoamoreinterestingcareer

B.Hegainedusefulskillswhilehewaswiththecompany.

C.Hefoundthathiseducationpreparedhimwellforthejob.

D.Heenjoyedworkingforsuchaprestigiouscompany.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hehadnochanceofbecomingapartner

B.hewasnothappywiththeworkingconditions

C.hewantedtomovetoaworkplaceinadifferentarea.

D.hefeltitwasimportanttochangejobseveryfewyears

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hedidnotfindhiscurrentjobfinanciallyrewardingenough

B.hewantedtohaveexperienceofworkinginEurope

C.itwasanopportunitytoworkwithyoungpeople

D.itimprovedhischancesofpromotion

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.developasenseofcompetitionwithinhisworkforce

B.trainpeopletobecomeproficientinawiderangeofskills

C.hirestaffwhoarenotafraidtomakeimportantdecisions

D.encourageemployeestobeinnovativeintheirapproachtowork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段Thelegalworldteachesyoutothinkinasyntheticway,totakecontrastingideasandthreadthemtogethertoformastrategyHooper,withlittlemarketingexperience,wasnotatthetopofmarketobservers’listsforthejob.（法律世界教會(huì)你以一種綜合的方式思考，將不同的觀點(diǎn)結(jié)合在一起，形成一個(gè)戰(zhàn)略Hooper，因?yàn)閹缀鯖](méi)有營(yíng)銷(xiāo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以不是市場(chǎng)觀察人士對(duì)該工作的首選。）A選項(xiàng)“他的法律知識(shí)比市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)知識(shí)多”，文章第一段提到，他是一位企業(yè)律師，并且沒(méi)有營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“他幾乎沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，文章只是說(shuō)他沒(méi)有營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略，因此B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“他在公司待了一段時(shí)間”，這并不能成為馬瑞?胡珀擔(dān)任首席執(zhí)行官令人驚訝的原因，可排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“他打算使公司朝著不同的方向發(fā)展”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中第四句ItwasatremendoustraininggroundandIcouldhavestayedinmergersandacquisitionsIfoundtheworkinteresting.（那是一個(gè)巨大的訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)地，我本可以繼續(xù)從事并購(gòu)工作，我發(fā)現(xiàn)那份工作很有趣。）選項(xiàng)A“他把這份工作看作是通向更有趣的事業(yè)一種手段”，符合文章內(nèi)容，他認(rèn)為這份工作很有趣，A選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)B“他在公司期間獲得了有用的技能”，文章并沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“他發(fā)現(xiàn)他所受的教育使他能勝任這項(xiàng)工作”，文章并沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他很喜歡在如此著名的公司工作”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，都可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第三段第三句C&LhadtoldmeIwasonlyfiveyearsthroughaten-yearjourneytobecomeapartner.（C&L曾告訴我，我要經(jīng)過(guò)10年的努力才能成為合伙人。）因此可推測(cè)，Hooper所在公司的晉升條件過(guò)高。B選項(xiàng)“他對(duì)工作條件不滿(mǎn)意”，符合題意，B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“他沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)成為合伙人”，這里說(shuō)他十年努力能夠成為合伙人，因此A選項(xiàng)排除。C選項(xiàng)“他想搬到一個(gè)不同地區(qū)的工作場(chǎng)所”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他覺(jué)得每隔幾年換一份工作很重要”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段第五句Infact,thiswasasidewaysmove-notformoremoneybuttoaddtohisknowledgeandtofurtherhiscareer.（事實(shí)上，這是一種橫向移動(dòng)—不是為了更多的錢(qián)，而是為了增加他的知識(shí)和進(jìn)一步發(fā)展他的事業(yè)），由此可推測(cè)，他是為了一個(gè)好的事業(yè)，才選擇換部門(mén)。D選項(xiàng)“這增加了他晉升的機(jī)會(huì)”，符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“他覺(jué)得目前的工作在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的回報(bào)不夠”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“他想有在歐洲工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)和年輕人一起工作的機(jī)會(huì)”，文章只是說(shuō)他要努力工作才能趕上年輕人，可排除C選項(xiàng)。因此D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句asCEOIsupportanyonewhoiswillingtotakeachanceandwhowantstostretchthemselves.（作為首席執(zhí)行官，我支持任何愿意碰碰運(yùn)氣、想拓展自己的人。因此可推測(cè)Hooper作為首席執(zhí)行官，會(huì)鼓勵(lì)員工拓展自己，革新自己。）D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)員工在工作方式上創(chuàng)新”，符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“在員工中培養(yǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“培訓(xùn)人們，使他們精通各種技能”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“雇傭那些敢于做出重要決定的員工”，文章所說(shuō)“如果你渴望發(fā)展并證明你能成功，本公司將提供你所需要的挑戰(zhàn)”，因此C選項(xiàng)不符合句意，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

11.單選題

然而,研究人員在報(bào)告中提醒說(shuō),相對(duì)于患更嚴(yán)重的疾病的危險(xiǎn)來(lái)說(shuō),這些益處簡(jiǎn)直微不足道。

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Researchersinthestudy,however,cautionedthatsuchbenefitsdon'toutweightheriskofmoreseriousailments.

B.However,researchersremindedinthereportthatsuchbenefitsarenothingcomparedwiththeriskofmoreseriousailments.

C.However,researcherscautionedintheirreportthatsuchbenefitsdon'tindolencealotcomparingtotheriskofmoreseriousailments.

【答案】A

【解析】“提醒”在本句中用remind比較口語(yǔ)化，caution更為正式，因?yàn)槭窃趫?bào)告中進(jìn)行提醒，因此caution更為恰當(dāng)；后面包含一個(gè)比較，用outweigh言簡(jiǎn)意賅，最為恰當(dāng)。所以選項(xiàng)A翻譯最精確。

12.單選題

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshadmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundshasbeendevotedtothestudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidencethatthistechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandsuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesinglecrystalsiliconlmbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialscanhaveeverhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethat100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuses.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearmthefinaldeviceRecently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdifficultycanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyonlyshort-rangeorderratherthattheling-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversiononlyImicronsoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50centspersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistsworeawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarytocontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedon