考研考博-英語-東北林業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東北林業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto（）whatcouldhavehappened.

問題1選項

A.rehearse

B.reiterate

C.reinforce

D.reenact

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。rehearse“排練”；reiterate“重申”；reinforce“增強(qiáng)”；reenact“重新定制，再扮演”。句意：他們倆都注視著犯罪現(xiàn)場技術(shù)人員對各種纖維取樣、裝袋、去除灰塵、提取指紋、拍照，并且試圖重現(xiàn)當(dāng)時發(fā)生的事情。選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Thereiscurrentlyaboardanewwaveofappreciationforbreadthofknowledge.Curriculaatuniversitiesandcollegesandprogramsinfederalagenciesextolthevirtuesofabroadeducation.Forscientistswhoworkinspecializedjobs,itisapleasuretoescapeinoursparetimetoreadbroadlyinfieldsdistantfromourown.Someofushavemadeinterdisciplinarystudyinouroccupation,whichisnosurprise,becausemuchoftheintellectualactioninoursocietytodayliesattheinterfacesbetweentraditionaldisciplines.Environmentalscienceisagoodexample,becauseitfrequentlyrequiresustobeconversantinseveraldifferentsciencesandevensomeunscientificfields.

Experiencingthisbreadthofknowledgeisstimulating,butsoisdelvingdeeplyintoasubject.Botharewonderfulexperiencesthatarecomplementarypracticalandaestheticways.Theyarelikeviewingthemarveloussculptureofknowledgeintwodifferentways.Lookatthesculpturefromoneperspectiveandyouseethepieceinitsentirety,howitscomponentsconnecttogiveitform,balance,andsymmetry.Fromanotherviewpointyouseeitsdetail,depthandmass.Thereisnoneedtochoosebetweenthesetwoperspectivesinart.Todosowouldsubtractfromthetotalityofthefigure.

Soitiswithscience.Sometimeswegazethroughasubjectandarereluctanttostopfortoomuchdetail.Aschemists,wearefascinatedbycomputerscienceormoleculargenetics,butnotenoughtobecomeanexpert.Orwemaybeinterestedinananalyticaltechniquebutnotenoughtostayatitscuttingedge.Atothertimes,webecomeimmersedinthedetailofasubjectandseeitsbeautyinanentirelydifferentwaythanwhenwebrowse.Itisasifwepenetratethesurfaceofthesculptureandpassthroughthecrystalstructuretothemolecularlevelwherethecodefortheentirestructureisrevealed.

Unfortunately,inourzealforbreadthordepth,weoftenfeelthatitisnecessarytodiminishthevalueoftheother.Specialistsaresometimesridiculedwithnamedsuchas“nerd”or“technocrats”,generalistsareoftencriticizedforbeingtoo“soft”orknowingtoolittleaboutanyonething.Bothareludicrousaccusationsthatdenyapartoftherealityofenvironmentalscience.Letusnotbedividedbyourpassionfordepthorbreadth.Thebeautythatawaitsusoneitherrouteistooprecioustostifle,toowonderfultodiminishbybickering.

1.Fromabroadeducationtointerdisciplinarystudy,wecansee（）.

2.Thecommentatorwouldsaythatthetotalityofthesculptureofknowledge（）.

3.Justbecausewebecomeengrossedinthedetailofasubject,accordingtothecomment,doesnotmeanthatwe（）.

4.Itiscommentator’scontentionthatneitherspecialistsnorgeneralist（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theintegrationoftheorywithpractice

B.theenthusiasmforbreadthofknowledge

C.therapiddivisionoftraditionaldisciplines

D.theconfrontationbetweenspecialistsandgeneralists

問題2選項

A.ismainlycomposedoftwoelements

B.presentstwodifferentpointsofview

C.cannotbeperceivedfromoneperspective

D.isawholemadeupofcomplementaryelements

問題3選項

A.canhaveanunderstandingofit

B.willdevelopintoanexpert

C.willperceiveitsentirety

D.areinterestedinit

問題4選項

A.havezealforthetotalityoftheknowledgesculpture

B.representthedepthandbreadthofknowledge

C.arenecessarilysupposedtobelittletheother

D.canbequalifiedasenvironmentalscientists

問題5選項

A.InterdisciplinaryStudyasOurOccupation

B.BreadthandDepthofKnowledge

C.TheWaysofDoingScience

D.TheBeautyofScience

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段，知識廣度的興起，讓大家擁有了遠(yuǎn)離自己領(lǐng)域研究的快樂，也能感受到對知識廣度的追求和熱愛。因此B選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“Theyarelikeviewingthemarveloussculptureofknowledgeintwodifferentways”,他們就像用兩種不同的方式來欣賞這座知識的雕塑。由此可知，對于評論家來說這兩種不同的方式就像是兩種不同的觀點。因此B選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“Atothertimes,webecomeimmersedinthedetailofasubjectandseeitsbeautyinanentirelydifferentwaythanwhenwebrowse.Itisasifwepenetratethesurfaceofthesculptureandpassthroughthecrystalstructuretothemolecularlevelwherethecodefortheentirestructureisrevealed”,在其他時候，我們會沉浸在一個主題的細(xì)節(jié)中，以一種與瀏覽完全不同的方式看到它的美。這就好像我們穿透了雕塑的表面，穿過晶體結(jié)構(gòu)到達(dá)了分子水平，在那里，整個結(jié)構(gòu)的密碼被揭示了。由此可知，通過一個主題細(xì)節(jié)可以觀察到它的美，但要認(rèn)知到整體還是不夠的。因此C選項符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“Letusnotbedividedbyourpassionfordepthorbreadth.Thebeautythatawaitsusoneitherrouteistooprecioustostifle,toowonderfultodiminishbybickering”,讓我們不要因?qū)ι疃然驈V度的熱情而分裂。在兩條路線上等待我們的美麗是太珍貴而不能扼殺，太美妙而不能因爭吵而減少。由此可知，不管是專家還是通才，都不應(yīng)受到貶低。因此C選項符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章內(nèi)容是對知識深度和廣度的探討和研究。因此B選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled（）.

問題1選項

A.insincere

B.premature

C.premise

D.presumption

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。insincereadj.不誠懇的；premature不成熟的；premise前提，假定；presumption推測，放肆。句意：科學(xué)家認(rèn)為在所有相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)被收集、分析和計劃之前就容易得出來的結(jié)論稱之為（）。由句子內(nèi)容可知這種結(jié)論是一種推測。故D項正確。

4.單選題

Oneofthechieffunctionsofslangwordsistoconsolidateone’s（）withagroup.

問題1選項

A.introduction

B.superstition

C.identification

D.specification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項introduction“介紹；引進(jìn)；入門”；B選項superstition“迷信”；C選項identification“辨認(rèn)；認(rèn)同；身份”；D選項specification“規(guī)格；說明書”。句意：俚語的主要功能之一增強(qiáng)與其一伙人的（）。根據(jù)語境，俚語主要是拉近人和人之間的距離，identification“認(rèn)同”比較合理。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Thetragicimpactofthemodemcityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetic.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialstotheproductsofscienceandtechnologywashingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do.acardriver,andhasneverhaditsogood.

HeisreluctanttoWalk.Statisticsrevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort.Astherearenoadequateoff-streetparkingfacilities,thecitiesarelitteredwithkerb-parkedcarsandparkingmetersrearthemselveseverywhere.Congestionha9becomethepredominantfactorinhisenvironmentandstatisticssuggestthattwocarsperhouseholdsystemmaysoonmakemattersworse.

Inthemeantime,insultisaddedtoinjuryby“l(fā)andvalue’’..Thevalueoflandresultsfromitsuse:itsincomeisderivedfromtheserviceitprovides.Whenitsuseisintensified,itsincomeanditsvalueincrease.“Puttinglandtoitshighestandbestuse”becomestheprincipaleconomicstandardinurbangrown.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadtothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.

Partialdecentralization,orrather,pseudo-decentralizationintheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystemitdoesnotcureit.Heretheengineeringsolutionsarestronglyaffectedbythenecessityforcomplicatedintersectionswhichinrum,arefrustratedbytheextravagantcostofland.

Itiswithinourpowertobuildbettercitiesandrevivethecivicprideoftheircitizens,butweshallhavetostopoperatingonthefringeoftheproblem.Weshallhaveradicallytoreplanthemtoachievearationaldensityofpopulation.Weshallhavetoprovideinthemwhatcanbecalledminimum“psychologicalelbowroom.”O(jiān)neoftheingredientsofthiswillbepropertransportationplans.Thesewillhavetobeanintegralpartoftheoverallplanningprocesswhichinitselfisascientificprocesswherefactsareessential.Wemustcollect,inanorganizedmanner,allandcompleteinformationaboutthecityorthetown,ifwewanttoplaneffectively.

Theprincipalunitthisprocessis“IM”(oneman).Wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillorthepeople.Scientificmethodsofdatacollectionandanalysiswillindicatetrends,buttheywillnotdirectaction.Scientificmethodsareonlyaninstrument.The‘man-educated"man,thehumanwillhavetosetthetarget,andusingtheresultsobtainedbyscienceandhisownengineeringskill:takeuponhimselfthefinalshapingofhisenvironment.Hewillhavetousehishighmoralsenseofresponsibilitytothecommunityandtofuturegenerations.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes（

）.

2.Thehighly-developedtechnologyhasmademan（

）.

3.Thedrasticincreaseoflandvalueinthecity（

）.

4.Theexpansionofbigcitiestothedistantsuburbanareasmay（

）.

5.Theauthorsuggeststhattheremodelingofcitiesmust（

）.

問題1選項

A.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.weremoredesirousaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

D.enjoyedmorefreedomanddemocracy

問題2選項

A.increasinglyindustrious

B.freefrominconvenience

C.excessivelydependentonexternalaids

D.abletosavehisphysicalstrength

問題3選項

A.isthegoodresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.offersmoreopportunitiestolanddealers

C.isannoyinglyartificialandmeaningless

D.fortunatelyleadstothe“vertical”growthofcities

問題4選項

A.solvetheproblemofcitycongestion

B.resultintheremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem

C.bringthesamecongestiontothesuburbanareas

D.needlessinvestmentonland

問題5選項

A.putprioritytothebenefitofthefuturegenerations

B.befocusedonpeopleratherthanoneconomy

C.beeconomicallyprofitabletolandowners

D.resorttoscientificmethods

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一句Thetragicimpactofthemodemcityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetic.現(xiàn)代城市對人類產(chǎn)生的悲劇性影響己經(jīng)扼殺了人類的審美意識。所以推斷他認(rèn)為古時候的人的審美意識更強(qiáng)一些。B選項’有更強(qiáng)的審美觀‘正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段的后半部分和第二段的前兩句中Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do.acardriver,andhasneverhaditsogood.Heisreluctanttowalk.Statisticsrevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort：此時此刻，人們陶醉于民主、富足、以車代步，這種感覺是以前所沒有的。人們不愿步行。統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)表明，人們從停車地點到購物商店，愿意步行的距離很短。推斷人類在享受著科技成果帶來的種種方便的同時也變得更加懶惰了，人類已經(jīng)變得更加依賴外來的幫助，即現(xiàn)代化機(jī)器的幫助。所以C選項‘過分依靠外部幫助‘正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第三段可知，土地價值的增長一是人為的，二是對于解決城市擁擠的問題無濟(jì)于事。所以C選項’是令人討厭的人為和無意義的‘符合題意。

4.根據(jù)第四段Partialdecentralization,orrather,pseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown：采取把大型的發(fā)展單位遷離傳統(tǒng)的中心城市的做法，是一種部分分散，或更準(zhǔn)確地說是一種準(zhǔn)分散。因為這種分散只會把中心城市的擁擠弊病帶給新興地區(qū)。確定C選項‘把同樣的擁擠弊病帶給新興地區(qū)‘正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容Wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.：我們一定不要忘記，城市是由人來建設(shè)的，城市的布局和外觀形象應(yīng)該受人民的意愿所支配。所以推斷作者認(rèn)為，城市是由人建造的，它們的構(gòu)成以及形式應(yīng)該取決于人的意志。這也就是說，城市的重新設(shè)計應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)人的意志，所以B選項‘以人民的意愿為重點‘正確。

6.單選題

Thebusinessisbothhighlycyclicaland（）aspriceinformationabouttransactionsmaynotbepublicized;andwhenitis,itcanbemisleading.

問題1選項

A.private

B.slack

C.opaque

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。private“私有的”；slack“松弛的，蕭條的”；opaque“不透明的”；redundant“多余的，冗長的”。句意：這項交易具有很高的周期性和不透明性，因為價格信息可能沒有公開，可能會造成誤導(dǎo)。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Tohisinquiryifshewerehurt,shemadesomeincoherentreply（）shedidnotknow.

問題1選項

A.tothepointthat

B.totheeffectthat

C.totheextentthat

D.tothesensethat

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項tothepointthat“到….程度”；B選項totheeffectthat“大意是，意思是”；C選項totheextentthat“達(dá)到…的程度以致；就…來說”；D選項tothesensethat沒有這種表達(dá)。句意：對于他問她是否受傷了，她給出了一些語無倫次地回答，大意是她不知道。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:

Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.component

C.competent

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”，B項component“組成的”，C項competent“有能力的”，D項compulsive“強(qiáng)制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒絕提到剩余工資并提出了一個簡單而又引人注目的問題：為什么雇主要為一次同樣的工作付兩次錢？因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkers’andpetroleum-equipment-manufacturing,employeesarebeing____.

問題1選項

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.laidout展示；安排B.laidoff解雇；休息

C.laiddown放下；制定D.laidaside擱置；儲蓄

【答案】B

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意：美國的石油公司已經(jīng)開始感受到壓力。煉油工人和石油設(shè)備制造業(yè)的雇員正在被……。根據(jù)邏輯，公司受到壓力時，有可能進(jìn)行裁員，因此這些雇傭員工可能被解雇。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】美國的石油公司已經(jīng)開始感受到壓力。煉油工人和石油設(shè)備制造業(yè)的雇員正在被解雇。

10.單選題

AnarchitectofIsraelisettlementsintheoccupiedlands,Mr.Sharongainedinternational（）overtheyearsforharshtacticsagainstthePalestiniansover（）Israelruled.

問題1選項

A.fame...which

B.infamy...which

C.infamy...whom

D.fame...whom

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析和語法。fame“名聲”；infamy“聲名狼藉”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格中應(yīng)該填入關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前面的名詞Palestinians，因為先行詞是人，所以關(guān)系代詞選用whom，句意：Mr.Sharon因為對由以色列人統(tǒng)治的巴基斯坦人的殘酷手段在國際上聲名狼藉。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

TheUNofficialsaidaidprogramswillbe_______untilthereisadequateprotectionforreliefpersonnel.

問題1選項

A.multiplied

B.arrested

C.spanned

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。multiple“增加”；arrest“逮捕”；span“跨越”；suspend“推遲，延緩”。句意：這位聯(lián)合國官員說救援項目將會被推遲，直到對救援人員有足夠的保護(hù)為止。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

AmongtheastronomersofancientGreece,twotheories（）concerningtheplaceoftheearthintheuniverse.

問題1選項

A.developing

B.indevelopment

C.developed

D.whichtheydeveloped

【答案】C

【解析】語法題?？疾橹^語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主語為twotheories（兩種理論），空格后面的“concerning”為動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，因此空格處應(yīng)填入一個謂語動詞，四個選項中，只有C項可做謂語。句意：古希臘的天文學(xué)家創(chuàng)立了兩種關(guān)于地球在宇宙中的位置的理論。

13.單選題

Thegovernmentofficialsestimatethatthewarhascreatedmorethanhalfamillion（

）whoneedimmediatefood,clothingandshelter.

問題1選項

A.exiles

B.hostages

C.survivors

D.refugees

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項exile“放逐，流放”；B選項hostage“人質(zhì)，抵押品”；C選項survivor“幸存者”；D選項refugee“難民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官員估計，戰(zhàn)爭導(dǎo)致50多萬難民急需食物、衣服和住所。選項D符合句意。

14.單選題

Becomingdisabledbyanaccidentisoneofthemostserious（

）thatalldriversface.

問題1選項

A.shortcomings

B.faults

C.mistakes

D.hazards

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。shortcoming意為“短處，缺點”；fault意為“缺點，缺陷”；mistake意為“錯誤，過失”；hazard意為“危險，危害，事故”。

句意：車禍致殘是所有司機(jī)面臨的最大威脅之一。

15.單選題

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwater~~cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia,SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

問題1選項

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

問題2選項

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

問題3選項

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

問題4選項

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

問題5選項

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一句話Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.“幾個世紀(jì)以前，人類發(fā)現(xiàn)去除食物中的水分有助于保存食物，最簡單的方法就是將食物暴露在陽光和風(fēng)下。由此可知將食物放在室外環(huán)境中風(fēng)干的方法在幾百年前就為人所知了。故C項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.“如果這些水分被除去，導(dǎo)致食物變壞的細(xì)菌的活動就會被抑制。故D項“通過風(fēng)干，細(xì)菌的活動被大大減少?！闭_。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第四段Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.“現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)食品是用機(jī)械干燥的。這種脫水的傳統(tǒng)方法是把食物放在室內(nèi)，熱空氣在大約110°C入口被吹到大約43°C出口。這是干燥蔬菜、肉末和魚等食物的常用方法?！惫士梢酝茢喑龀Ｓ檬覂?nèi)熱空氣來烘干蔬菜室，故B項“熱空氣室”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一段中的Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.“由于這些原因，它們對攀登者、探險者和戰(zhàn)場上的士兵來說是無價的，因為他們沒有多少儲存空間?！笨芍cB項相符，故答案為B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一段中的Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.“它們也很受家庭主婦的歡迎，因為烹飪時間很短”可知選項A“很快就準(zhǔn)備好”符合題意。答案A。

16.單選題

Therearehiddenfactorswhichscientistscall“feedbackmechanisms”.Nooneknowsquitehowtheywillinteractwiththechangingclimate.Here’soneexample:plantsandanimalsadapttoclimatechangeovercenturies.Atthecurrentestimateofhalfadegreecentigradeofwarmingperdecade,vegetationmaynotkeepup.ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.The1000kilometer-widestripofforestrunningthroughCanada,theUSSR,andScandinaviacouldbecutbyhalf.Millionsofdyingtreeswouldsoonleadtomassiveforestfires,releasingtonsofC02andfurtherboostingglobalwarming.

Therearedozensofotherpossible“feedbackmechanisms”.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.Others,likethe“albedo”effect,willdotheopposite.The“albedo”effectistheamountofsolarenergyreflectedbytheearth'ssurface.Asnortherniceandsnowmeltsandthedarkerseaandlandpokesthrough,moreheatwillbeabsorbed,addingtotheglobaltemperatureincrease.

Evenifweweretomagicallystopallgreenhouse-gasemissionstomorrowtheimpactonglobalclimatewouldcontinuefordecades.Delaywillsimplymaketheproblemworse.Thefactisthatsomeofusaredoingquitewellthewaythingsare.Inthedevelopedworldprosperityhasbeenbuilton150yearsofcheapfossilfuels.

Materialprogresshasbeenlinkedtoenergyconsumption.Today75percentofalltheworld'senergyisconsumedbyaquarteroftheworld’spopulation.Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.TheUS,withjust7percentoftheglobalpopulation,isresponsiblefor22percentofglobalwarming.

1.“Feedbackmechanisms”inParagraph1mostprobablyreferto（

）.

2.JamesHansenpredictsthattheshiftofclimatezoneswillbeaccompaniedby（

）.

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.howplantsandanimalsadapttohiddenfactors

B.howplantsandanimalsinteractwiththechangingclimate

C.howclimatechanges

D.howclimatezonesshift

問題2選項

A.thecuttingofmanytrees

B.desirableenvironmentalchanges

C.successfulmigrationofspecies

D.unsuccessfulmigrationoftrees

問題3選項

A.somefeedbackmechanismsmayslowdownglobalwarming

B.thebasicfactsofglobalwarmingareunknown

C.developingcountriesbenefitfromcheapfossilfuels

D.developedcountrieshavedecidedtoreducetheirenergyconsumption?

問題4選項

A.thedevelopingworldhasdecidedtoincreaseitsenergyconsumption

B.athird-worldcitizenaddslessthanatonofC02yearlytotheatmosphere

C.theworldclimatewouldsoongainitsbalanceifwestoppedgreenhouse-gasemissions

D.futureprosperityoftheworldisdependentoncheapfossilfuels

問題5選項

A.MaterialProgressandEnergyConsumption.

B.ProsperityandCheapFossilFuels.

C.ImpactofGlobalWarmingonClimate.

D.PlantsandAnimalsintheChangingClimate.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段，作者舉出了植物和動物適應(yīng)氣候變化的例子。氣溫上升可能對植被的生長帶來不利影響，氣候區(qū)的移動會使處于陌生環(huán)境下的物種死亡。瀕臨死亡的植被會引發(fā)火災(zāi)釋放大量的二氧化碳，從而進(jìn)一步加劇全球變暖。可判斷出第一段主要討論了動植物和氣候變化之間的相互作用和相互關(guān)系。所謂的“反饋機(jī)制”就是這種相互作用的關(guān)系。選項B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.”，可知氣候?qū)W家詹姆斯?漢森預(yù)測，氣候區(qū)將以每年50至75公里的速度向兩極移動，比樹的自然移動速度要快。而且發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處陌生環(huán)境的物種將會死亡?？膳袛喑稣材匪?漢森預(yù)測，氣候區(qū)域的變化將伴隨著樹木不成功地遷移。選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Therearedozensofotherpossible‘feedbackmechanisms’.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.”，可知還有許多其他的反饋機(jī)制。更高的溫度將加劇凝結(jié)并增加云層，這實際上可能會減緩全球變暖?？膳袛喑鲆恍┓答仚C(jī)制可能會減緩全球變暖。選項A符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.”，可知富裕國家居民平均每年向大氣中排放3.2噸二氧化碳，是第三世界居民人均排放量的四倍多。可判斷出一個第三世界國家的居民每年向大氣中排放的二氧化碳還不到一噸。選項B符合題意。

5.主旨大意題?？v觀全文，文章第一段主要討論了動植物和全球氣候變暖之間的相互作用和相互關(guān)系，著重討論氣候變暖給動植物帶來的影響。第二段主要提到有些反饋機(jī)制也能減緩全球變暖，而有些反饋機(jī)制會加快氣溫上升。最后提到富國比第三世界國家的二氧化碳排放量要更多，這是因為物質(zhì)進(jìn)步與能源消耗有關(guān)。綜上所述，整篇文章主題為全球變暖對氣候的影響。選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

Ahiddenalarmunderthecashier’stablecanbe____incaseofemergency.

問題1選項

A.negotiated

B.initiated

C.launched

D.activated

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.negotiated談判；協(xié)商B.initiated開始；發(fā)起

C.launched發(fā)射D.activated激活

【答案】D

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：收銀臺下面隱藏的警報器可以在緊急情況下……。根據(jù)邏輯，在緊急情況下，可以啟動也就是激活警報器。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】收銀臺下面隱藏的警報器可以在緊急情況下啟動。

18.單選題

Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.Asadults,wedrivefancysportscars,leapnimblyacrossfootballfieldsandballetstages,writelengthydissertationsoneveryconceivablesubject,andlaunchrocketsintospace.Wehaveamasteryoverourselvesandourenvironmentsthatispeculiartoourspecies.

Yet,thisvictoryseemspuzzling.Inthefable,thetortoisewinstheracebecausetheharetakesanap.But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.Howdohumanbabiesmangetoturnthingsaroundintheend?

InarecentarticleinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,SharonThompson-Schill,MichaelRamscarandEvangeliaChrysikoumakethecasethatthisveryhelplessnessiswhatallowshumanbabiestoadvancefarbeyondotheranimals.Theyproposethatourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage,thatmakeupthefoundationsofhumanachievement.Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.

Thisclaimhingesonapeculiaranduniquefeatureofourcognitivearchitecture:thestunninglyslowdevelopmentoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Whileotheranimals’brainregionsdevelopmentinsynchrony,inhumans