考研考博-英語-上海電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

IarguedwithMortonuntiltheweehoursofthemorning,butheremained（

）inhisrefusaltofinancetheproject.

問題1選項

A.subdued

B.generous

C.obstinate

D.courteous

【答案】C

【解析】subdued減弱的，被制服的；generous慷慨的，大方的；obstinate頑固的，倔強的；courteous有禮貌的，謙恭的。句意：我和Morton爭論到深夜，但他仍然固執(zhí)地拒絕資助這個項目。選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

Itisimportantthatanundergraduate（）agradepointaverageofBinhismajorfield.

問題1選項

A.maintains

B.maintain

C.willmaintain

D.shallmaintain

【答案】B

【解析】Itis+adj.+that從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)為should+動詞原形,should可省略。

3.寫作題

Asthesocietydevelops,interpersonalrelationshipsaregettingmoreandmoreindifferent.Pleasemakecommentonthephenomena.

【答案】Itseemsveryridiculousthatpeoplelivingsoneardon’tknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However,theconditionisperformedeverywhere.Itistheexactreflectionofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodemworldwheremostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone,theywillkilltheirtimebywatchingTVorreadingmagazines.Theydon’thaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeirclosestneighbors，whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayinthestreet.

Thisphenomenonisneithergoodtous,nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeellonelyandbecomemoreandmoreindifferentsothatinterpersonalrelationshipsarenotharmonious.Interpersonalcommunicationisveryimportanttous.Firstly,itisessentialforourphysicalwell-being.Lackofcommunicationshowsawiderangeofmedicalhazards.Sociallyisolatedpeoplearefoundtobetwoorthreetimesmorelikelytosufferfrompoorhealththanthosewithstrongsocialties.Steadyinterpersonalcommunicationcontributestothelongevityofourlives.Secondly,interpersonalcommunicationenablesustohaveasenseofouridentity.Deprivedofcommunicationwithothers,wecanhardlyhaveaclearideaofidentity.Oursenseofidentitycomesfromthewayweinteractwithotherpeople.Wedecidewhatwearelikebasedonhowothersreacttous.Inourlifeweneedtofeelasenseofbelongingtosomepersonalrelationship.Weneedtoinfluenceothersandfeelsomesenseofpoweroverourworld,andtocareforothersandknowthattheycareforus,thustohaveasenseofaffectionandfriendship.Lastly,interpersonalcommunicationisthemeansofimportantinformationineveryrespect,whichmakesuswellinformedandhelpsustogrow.

Tosumup,interpersonalcommunicationisjustasnecessaryaswaterandairtousinourworkandlife.Weshouldpaygreatattentiontotheamountofinterpersonalcommunicationaswellastothewaysofdoingit.Properandskillfulinterpersonalcommunicationwillsatisfyourphysicalneeds,psychologicalneeds,socialneedsandpracticalneeds.

4.單選題

Shewasafraidthatunlessthetrainspeededupshewouldloseher（

）

toScotland.

問題1選項

A.ticket

B.place

C.seat

D.connection

【答案】D

【解析】loseone’sconnectionto...誤了到...地方去的（汽車、火車、輪船的）聯(lián)運。句意：她很擔(dān)心，除非火車加快速度，否則她將錯過去蘇格蘭的聯(lián)運。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

The（

）ofairplaneenginesannouncedacomingairraid.

問題1選項

A.roar

B.exclamation

C.whistle

D.scream

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。roar咆哮，轟鳴；exclamation感嘆，驚叫；whistle呼嘯聲；scream尖叫聲。

句意：飛機引擎的轟鳴聲宣布空襲即將來臨。選項A符合句意。

6.單選題

Theyhadplannedtogooutingthisweekend,buttheyfinallyhadto（）itbecauseoftherainyweather.

問題1選項

A.cancel

B.eliminate

C.delay

D.prolong

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。cancel“取消,撤銷”;eliminate“消除,排除”;delay“延期,耽擱”;prolong“延長,拖延”。句意:他們原計劃這個周末去郊游,但由于下雨,最后不得不取消了。選項A符合句意。

7.單選題

Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow,butatfirstIthoughtthathe（）today.

問題1選項

A.wascoming

B.iscoming

C.willcome

D.come

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)辨析。題干中的第一個分句用的是現(xiàn)在將來時態(tài)，第二個分句的主句用的是一般過去時態(tài)，賓語從句中應(yīng)該使用表示過去將來的時態(tài)。根據(jù)語法規(guī)則，某些動詞（如come，arrive，leave等）的進行時態(tài)可以表示將來。句意：我父親明天會來，但起初我以為他今天會來。因此，根據(jù)題意和語法規(guī)則，A選項正確。

8.單選題

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.

It’snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand“inshape”.Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

66.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois______.

67.Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude“beingfat”_______inAmericansociety.

68.Thetopicoffatis______manyothertaboosubjects.

69.IntheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”,thismeans______.

70.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise,themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis______.

問題1選項

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

問題2選項

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

問題3選項

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedaboutthan

問題4選項

A.thinis“inside”,fatis“outside”

B.thinis“diligent”,fatis“l(fā)azy”

C.thinis“youthful”,fatis“spiritless”

D.thinis“fashionable”,fatis“unfashionable”

問題5選項

A.theirchangedlife-style

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】66.推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中我們可以推斷禁忌是……”。根據(jù)第二段第一句Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.（也許關(guān)于禁忌行為現(xiàn)象最有趣的事情是它是如何在同一社會中隨著時間的推移而改變的，某些曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是禁忌的行為和態(tài)度是如何在另一個時間點變得完全可接受和自然的）可知，某些曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是禁忌的行為和態(tài)度在另一個時間點變得完全可接受和自然的，那么可以推斷禁忌是不可以被接受的一種行為，所以C項“被社會認(rèn)為是不可接受的行為”正確。A項“想要做一些奇怪或可怕的事情的強烈欲望”是干擾項，在第一段中有原話Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.（在你生命中的某些時候，你可能有強烈的欲望去做一些奇怪或可怕的事情），這是為了引出禁忌行為這個話題，不是禁忌的推斷結(jié)果，所以A項不選；B項“沖動而犯的罪行”，文中沒有提到罪行；D項“給別人留下不好的印象”太廣泛，不能準(zhǔn)確表述禁忌的含義。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

67.推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章中提出的觀點，我們可以得出推斷‘變得肥胖’在美國社會是……”。第二段第一句指出Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.（也許關(guān)于禁忌行為現(xiàn)象最有趣的事情是它是如何在同一社會中隨著時間的推移而改變的，某些曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是禁忌的行為和態(tài)度是如何在另一個時間點變得完全可接受和自然的），可知禁忌行為在某一天可以變得能夠接受；接著第三段討論到了美國社會的肥胖問題，根據(jù)第三段第三句It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.（談?wù)摲逝植⒉皇墙?，變得肥胖才是禁忌）可知變得肥胖在美國社會是一個禁忌，那么根據(jù)這兩處可以推斷，變得肥胖在美國社會中雖然是一個不可接受的禁忌行為，但是在某個時間點可能會變得可以接受，所以D項“在將來某一天可能不再是一個禁忌”符合題意。A項“將永遠(yuǎn)是一個禁忌”不符合原文；第三段第一句提到OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.（關(guān)于肥胖的話題是美國社會最新的禁忌之一），B項“不被大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為是禁忌”表述錯誤；C項“長期以來一直是禁忌”錯誤，文中提到肥胖是美國社會最新的禁忌，所以不可能長期以來都是。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

68.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“關(guān)于肥胖的話題與許多其他禁忌話題相比，是……”。第三段第二句提到Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.（不像其他的禁忌，肥胖是美國人經(jīng)常談?wù)摰脑掝}）可知，肥胖的話題不同于其他禁忌話題，所以B項“不同的”正確。A項“一樣的”和D項“不常被討論的”表述與原文相反；C項“更受歡迎的”為干擾項，文中指出禁忌是人們不能接受的行為，所以不可能會受到歡迎。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

69.推理判斷題。題干意思是“在美國，瘦是‘in’，胖是‘out’，這句話的意思是……”。根據(jù)第三段第五句Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.（在工作中，大多數(shù)公司更喜歡年輕、苗條的主管來向公眾推銷自己的形象和產(chǎn)品）和最后一句Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.（在像美國這樣注重形象的社會里，瘦是“in”，胖是“out”）可知，在注重形象的美國社會，瘦的人才可以向大眾推銷形象和產(chǎn)品，那么可以推斷瘦在美國代表時髦，而胖則是過時，所以D項“瘦是‘時尚’，胖是‘不時尚’”正確。A項“瘦是‘內(nèi)’，胖是‘外’”不符合原文意思；B項“瘦是‘勤奮’，胖是‘懶惰’”文中沒有提到瘦是勤奮；C項“瘦是‘年輕’，胖是‘無精打采’”為干擾項，第三段雖然提到Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.（瘦削的外表與年輕、活力和成功聯(lián)系在一起。另一方面，胖人被認(rèn)為懶惰、缺乏活力、自律和自尊。），但是C項表述比較片面。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

70.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“除了對健康和鍛煉之間的關(guān)系有了新的理解，這篇文章給出的為什么這么多美國人經(jīng)常鍛煉的主要原因是……”。在文章最后兩句提到Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.（由于不活動，人們的身體很容易變得虛弱和容易得病。為了避免這樣的命運，數(shù)百萬美國人把更多的時間花在鍛煉上。），由此可知，美國人花時間鍛煉的原因是為了保持健康，即他們認(rèn)識到鍛煉的重要性，所以C項“他們對鍛煉重要性的認(rèn)識”符合題意。A項“他們生活方式的改變”是現(xiàn)代機器取代體力勞動的結(jié)果；B項“他們對保持苗條和青春的渴望”是美國人想要變瘦的原因，因為瘦代表著時髦；D項“他們從公司得到的鼓勵”最后一段沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

9.單選題

Todayinthetechno-societiesthereisanalmostironcladconsensusaboutthefutureoffreedom.Maximumindividualchoiceisregardedasthedemocraticideal.Yetmostwriterspredictthatweshallmovefurtherandfurtherfromthisideal.Theyconjureupadarkvisionofthefuture,inwhichpeopleappearasmindlessconsumercreatures,surroundedbystandardizedgoods,educatedinstandardizedschools,fedadietofstandardizedmassculture,andforcedtoadoptstandardizedstylesoflife.

Suchpredictionshavespawnedagenerationoffuturehatersandtechnophobes,asonemightexpect.OneofthemostextremeofthereisaFrenchreligiousmystic,JacquesEllul,whosebooksareenjoyingacampusvogue.AccordingtoEllul,manwasfarfreerinthepastwhen“Choicewasarealpossibilityforhim.”Bycontrast,today,thehumanbeingis“nolongerinanysensetheagentofchoice.”And,asfortomorrow,“Inthefuture,manwillapparentlybeconfinedtotheroleofarecordingdevice.”Robbedofchoice,hewillbeactedupon,notactive.Hewilllive,Ellulwarns,inatotalitarianstaterunbyavelvet-glovedGestapo.

ThissamethemethelossofchoicerunsthroughmuchoftheworkofArnoldToynbee.ItisrepeatedbyeveryonefromhippiegurustoSupremeCourtjustices,tabloideditorialistsandexistentialistphilosophers.Putinitssimplestform,thetheoryofVanishingChoicerestsonacrudesyllogism:scienceandtechnologyhavefosteredstandardization.Scienceandtechnologywilladvance,makingthefutureevenmorestandardizedthanthepresent.Ergo,manwillprogressivelylosehisfreedomofchoice.

Ifinsteadofblindlyacceptingthissyllogism,westoptoanalyzeit,however,wemakeanextraordinarydiscovery.Fornotonlyisthelogicitselffaulty,theentireideaispremisedonsheerfactualignoranceaboutthenature,themeaningandthedirectionofthesuper-industrialrevolution.

Certainly,itwouldbedifficulttodenythatindustrialismhashadalevelingeffect.Ourabilitytoproducemillionsofnearlyidenticalunitsitthegrowingachievementoftheindustrialage.Thus,whenintellectualsbewailthesamenessofourmaterialgoods,theyaccuratelyreflectthestateofaffairsofunder-industrialism.

Inthesamebreath,however,theyrevealshockingignoranceaboutthecharacterofsuper-industrialism.Focusedonwhatsocietywas,theyareblindedtowhatitisfastbecoming,forthesocietyofthefuturewilloffernotarestricted,standardizedflowofgoods,butthegreatestvarietyofunstandardizedgoodsandservicesanysocietyhaseverseen.Wearemovinggottowardsafurtherextensionofmaterialstandardization,buttowardsitsdialecticalnegation.

Theendofstandardizationisalreadyinsight.However,thepacevariesfromindustrytoindustry,andfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepredictionsaboutthefuturemadebymanywriters,intheauthor’sopinion,are（）.

2.TheauthorgivestheworksofJacquesEllulandArnoldToynbeeasexamplestoprovethat（）.

3.Bysaying“Inthefuture,manwillapparentlybeconfinedtotheroleofarecordingdevice”(Paragraph2),Ellulimpliesthathe(man)（）.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardintellectualsinParagraph5and6isoneof（）.

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問題1選項

A.pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.pleasing

D.reasonable

問題2選項

A.agenerationoffuturewillbecomehatersandtechnophobes

B.scienceandtechnologywillcertainlyadvance

C.manwillgraduallylosehisfreedomofchoice

D.scienceandtechnologywillmakethefuturemorestandardized

問題3選項

A.willrecordwhatotherpeoplesayandthenfollowthem

B.willimitateotherpeoplewhenhetakesactions

C.candowhateverhewishes

D.candonothingbutfollowothers

問題4選項

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

問題5選項

A.Peopleinthefuturewilleventuallylosealloftheirfreedom.

B.Thesocietyofthefuturewillbecomemorestandardized.

C.Standardizationwilltakeapredominantpositioninthesocietyofthefuture.

D.Thesocietyofthefuturewillhaveadialecticaleffectofbothstandardizationandunstandardization.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Yetmostwriterspredictthatweshallmovefurtherandfurtherfromthisideal.Theyconjureupadarkvisionofthefuture…”，可知大多數(shù)作家預(yù)測，我們將離這一理想越來越遠(yuǎn)。他們對未來產(chǎn)生了一種黑暗的幻想?？膳袛喑鲎骷覍ξ磥淼念A(yù)測是悲觀的。選項A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Suchpredictionshavespawnedagenerationoffuturehatersandtechnophobes,asonemightexpect.”，可知正如人們可能預(yù)期的那樣，這樣的預(yù)測催生了未來一代的仇恨者和技術(shù)恐懼癥患者。這是一個總的結(jié)論，作者在下文舉了JacquesEllul的例子來證明此觀點。選項A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Robbedofchoice,hewillbeactedupon,notactive.”，可知人們被剝奪了選擇的機會，他的行動會變得被動?？膳袛喑鋈藗冏兊脹]有主動權(quán)，只會跟隨別人。選項D符合題意。

4.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“Fornotonlyisthelogicitselffaulty,theentireideaispremisedonsheerfactualignoranceaboutthenature,themeaningandthedirectionofthesuper-industrialrevolution.”，可知因為不僅邏輯本身有缺陷，整個想法忽視了自然事實、超級工業(yè)革命的意義和方向。又根據(jù)第六段，“whenintellectualsbewailthesamenessofourmaterialgoods,theyaccuratelyreflectthestateofaffairsofunder-industrialism.”，可知當(dāng)知識分子哀嘆我們的物質(zhì)生活千篇一律時，他們所反應(yīng)的是那些工業(yè)落后的國家?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔χR分子持強烈反對的態(tài)度。選項A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Wearemovinggottowardsafurtherextensionofmaterialstandardization,buttowardsitsdialecticalnegation.”，可知我們不是正在走向物質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，而是走向?qū)ξ镔|(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的辯證否定?？膳袛喑鑫磥淼纳鐣袠?biāo)準(zhǔn)化和非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的辯證影響。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

Leaddeposits,whichaccumulatedinsoilandsnowduringthe1960'sand70's,wereprimarilytheresultofleadedgasolineemissionsoriginatingintheUnitedStates.InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworld-widehasdecreasedsignificantly.

AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.ThenewstudyisaresultofthecontinuedresearchledbyDr.CharlesBoutron,anexpertontheimpactofheavymetalsontheenvironmentattheNationalCenterforScientificResearchinFrance.AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.

Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.

InastudypublishedinthejournalAmbio,scientistsfoundthatleadlevelsinsoilintheNorth-easternUnitedStateshaddecreasedmarkedlysincetheintroductionofunleadedgasoline.

Manyscientistshadbelievedthattheleadwouldstayinsoilandsnowforalongerperiod.

TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyexaminedsamplesoftheupperlayersofsoiltakenfromthesamesitesof30forestfloorsinNewEngland,NewYorkandPennsylvaniain1980andin1990.

Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.

Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.

1.Thestudypublishedinthejournal.Natureindicatesthat（）.

2.LeadaccumulationworldwidedecreasedsignificantlyaftertheuseofunleadedgasintheUS（）.

3.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthesourceofleadpollutioninGreenland?

4.TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyhavefoundthat（）.

5.Itcanbeinferred,fromthelastparagraphthatscientists（）.

問題1選項

A.theCleanAirActhasnotproducedthedesiredresults

B.leaddepositsinarcticsnowareontheincrease

C.leadwillstayinsoilandsnowlongerthanexpected

D.theUSisthemajorsourceofleadpollutioninarcticsnow

問題2選項

A.wasdiscouraged

B.wasenforcedbylaw

C.wasprohibitedbylaw

D.wasintroduced

問題3選項

A.ByanalyzingthedatapublishedinjournalslikeNatureandAmbio.

B.Byobservingtheleadaccumulationsindifferentpartsofthearcticarea.

C.BystudyingthechemicalelementsofsoilandsnowinNortheasternAmerica.

D.Bycomparingthechemicalcompositionsofleadedgasolineusedinvariouscountries.

問題4選項

A.forestsgetridofleadpollutionfasterthanexpected

B.leadaccumulationsinforestsaremoredifficulttodealwith

C.leaddepositsarewidelydistributedintheforestsoftheUS

D.theupperlayersofsoilinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions

問題5選項

A.arepuzzledbythemysteryofforestpollution

B.feelrelievedbytheuseofunleadedgasoline

C.stillconsiderleadpollution,aproblem

D.lacksufficientmeanstocombatleadpollution

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第二段"AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland."最近發(fā)表在《自然》（Nature）雜志上的一項研究表明，美國通過空氣傳播的含鉛氣體排放是導(dǎo)致格陵蘭雪中鉛含量高的主要原因?？芍撗芯勘砻髅绹堑綄?dǎo)致北極雪中鉛污染的主要來源。D項正確。B項與“AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.”不符。AC兩項內(nèi)容與該研究無關(guān)。答案D。

細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段“InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworld-widehasdecreasedsignificantly.”在《清潔空氣法》強制要求美國使用無鉛氣體的二十年里，全世界的鉛積累量已顯著下降?？芍獙γ绹褂脽o鉛氣體是法律的強制要求。B項正確。

判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到文中第三段“Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.”“在他的新研究中，布隆博士發(fā)現(xiàn)美國使用的含鉛汽油中不同形式的鉛的比例與歐洲、亞洲和加拿大的汽油不同，因此科學(xué)家能夠區(qū)分鉛的來源。在格陵蘭雪中發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要鉛含量與在美國汽油中發(fā)現(xiàn)的鉛含量相當(dāng)。”由此可知科學(xué)家通過將美國含鉛汽油中的化學(xué)成分與其他國家的對比，找到了格林蘭雪中鉛的來源。D項正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到倒數(shù)第二段“Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.森林環(huán)境處理和重新分配鉛的速度比科學(xué)家預(yù)期的要快?！笨芍狝項正確。

判斷推理題。由最后一段“Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.科學(xué)家們說，這兩項研究都表明，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的某些部分對大氣污染的減少做出了迅速反應(yīng)，但這些發(fā)現(xiàn)不應(yīng)被用作污染的許可證?！笨芍m然大氣污染減少后，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也作出了相應(yīng)快速積極的反應(yīng)，但是科學(xué)家仍然認(rèn)為不能抱有僥幸心理，應(yīng)該仍然控制污染。故C項正確。

11.單選題

Duringthemid-1840s,from1845-1848,thepotatocropinIrelandfailed,creatingafaminethatravagedthepopulation.Thisevent,theGreatFamine,wasoneofthemostsignificanteventsinthe8000-yearhistoryofthisislandnation,andtheeffectsofitcontinuetohaunttheIrish,boththosewhostillliveinIrelandandthosewholiveintheUnitedStates.ThemostimmediateeffectofthefaminewasthedramaticdeclineintheIrishpopulation—eitherthroughdeathfromstarvationanddiseaseorthroughemigrationtoothercountries.

InIreland,thepotatohadhistoricallybeenthemainstayofthedietofalargeproportionoftheruralpopulation.Highlynutritional,thepotatowaseasytoplantandeasytoharvest.Ifafamilyofsixhadoneacreofland,itcouldgrowapotatocropthatwouldfeedthemforalmostayear.However,dependenceononecrophaditsdownsideaswell.Potatoescouldnotbestoredforlong,andfarmerswhohadgrownsoaccustomedtodealingwiththisonecropneglectedtoplantothercropsasahedgeagainstpossiblefailures.

RapidpopulationincreasesintheyearsprecedingtheGreatFaminehadcreatedacountrywhoseexpandingpopulationwasoftenpoverty-stricken.Expandingpopulation,coupledwithlandowners’lackofresponsibilitytowardtenant-farmers,ledtoasystemwheretenant-farmersfrequentlysubdividedtheirlandsothattheycouldgainabitofrentthemselves.Consequently,theruralareasweredottedwithsmallplotsofland,mostofwhichwereusedforpotatofarming.Priortothefamine,urbanareasinIrelandwerealsoexperiencingeconomicdistressbecauseofadeclineinIrishindustrythatresultedinunemploymentandpovertyincitiessuchasDublin.

In1845,theyearthefaminebegan,agoodpotatocropwasexpected,soitcameasagreatsurprisewhennearlyhalfofthecropofthecountryfailedbecauseofablightthathadcomefromNorthAmerica.Thisparticularblightwasunusualinasmuchaswhenthepotatowasdugfromtheground,itappearedtobehealthy;itwasonlyafteradayortwothatthepotatobegantorot.

Despitethefactthatonlyhalfthecropfailedin1845,starvationanddiseaseplaguedtheentirecountrybecausemanystarvingpeople,someofwhomwereinfectedwithcontagiousdiseases,roamedthecountrysidelookingforfoodandspreadingdisease.Then,in1846,thecropfailedcompletely.In1847,therewasanotherpartialfailure,butbecausepeoplehadeatentheirseedpotatoesin1846,thecropwasmuchsmallerin1847.Thenagainin1848,thecropfailedcompletely.

Asifthecropfailureswerenotenough,otherfactorsaffectedtheseriousnessofthesituation.Variouscontagiousdiseasessuchastyphus,dysentery,andseveraldifferenttypesoffeverspreadrapidly.Landlordsevictedtenant-farmers,andthegovernmentdidverylittletoproviderelief.Nordidithelpthatthewinterof1846-1847wasoneofthecoldestonrecord.

Whenthefaminewasoverin1849,acholeraepidemicstruckIreland,sothatby1850thecountryfounditspopulationreducedfrom8.5millionto6.5million.Onemillionpeoplehaddiedfromdiseaseandstarvation,andonemillionhadleftIrelandforBritain,Europe,orNorthAmerica.

TheresultsoftheGreatFaminewereprofound.FarminginIrelandchangedfromaone-cropeconomytoanagriculturaleconomythatincludedlivestockandothercrops,suchasgrains.TheseedsofanimositytowardGreatBritain,whichhadnothelpedtheIrishintheirtimeofneed,weresown.Andapatternofemigrationwasestablishedthatlastsuntiltoday.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Thepassageimpliesthat______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,rurallifeintheyearsbeforetheGreatFaminecanbestbedescribedas______.

4DiseaseplaguedtheIrishduringthefaminebecause______.

5.AllofthefollowingwereresultsofthefamineEXCEPTthattheIrish______.

問題1選項

A.itwasfilledwithnutrients

B.itwaseasytoplant

C.itwaseasytoharvest

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoes

問題2選項

A.dependenceononecropwassensible

B.thepotatowasnottheonlycropinIreland

C.theIrishwereahappypeople

D.dependenceononecropwasdangerous

問題3選項

A.declininginpopulation

B.harsh

C.decreasingintenant-farmers

D.expandinginfarmsize

問題4選項

A.thepotatowasdiseased

B.immigrantsbroughtdisease

C.starvingIrishcarrieddiseasefromplacetoplace

D.livingconditionswerenotsanitary

問題5選項

A.emigratedtonewlands

B.begantoraisedlivestock

C.becameangeredattheBritish

D.becameindependentfromGreatBritain

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepotatobecameastapleoftheIrishdietforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.1.根據(jù)這篇文章，除了______，土豆成為愛爾蘭人的主食有以下所有原因。

A.itwasfilledwithnutrientsA.它富含營養(yǎng)

B.itwaseasytoplantB.它很容易種植

C.itwaseasytoharvestC.它很容易獲得收成

D.thesoilwasgoodforpotatoesD.土壤適合種土豆

【答案】D

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段前兩句“在愛爾蘭，土豆一直是大部分農(nóng)村人口的主要食物。馬鈴薯營養(yǎng)豐富，易于種植和收獲?！笨芍炼钩蔀閻蹱柼m人的主食的原因包括營養(yǎng)豐富，易于種植以及容易獲得收成，只有D項“土壤適合種土豆”沒有提到，符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A項“它富含營養(yǎng)”、B項“它很容易種植”和C項“它很容易獲得收成”由解題思路可知，這三項屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Thepassageimpliesthat______.2.這篇文章表明______。

A.dependenceononecropwassensibleA.依賴一種作物是明智的

B.thepotatowasnottheonlycropinIrelandB.土豆并不是愛爾蘭唯一的作物

C.theIrishwereahappypeopleC.愛爾蘭人是快樂的民族

D.dependenceononecropwasdangerousD.依賴一種作物是危險的

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹的是愛爾蘭大饑荒的原因和后果，第二