考研考博-英語-上海大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Bothtelevisioncommercialsandprogramspresent（）viewofthematerialworld,onewhichpromotesastandardoflivingthatmostofuscanprobablynotattain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.astandardized

B.anunrealistic

C.abetter

D.aninteresting

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下句“mostofuscanprobablynotattain”可推測，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是不切實(shí)際的，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficientconditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries________.

2.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.Sworkforcesisthat________.

3.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged________.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isconventionallydowngraded

B.issubjectedtogroundlessdoubts

C.hasbeenoverestimated

D.fallenvictimofbias

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theU.Sworkforcehasabettereducation

B.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

C.theU.Sworkforceismoreorganized

D.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry

B.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

C.asaresultofpressureongovernment

D.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.followsimprovedproductivity

B.resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

C.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

D.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:作者意圖題。題干：在第一段中作者認(rèn)為在貧窮國家教育的重要性____？A選項(xiàng)“通常受到質(zhì)疑”；B選項(xiàng)“遭受無端質(zhì)疑”；C選項(xiàng)“被高估了”；D選項(xiàng)“是偏見的受害者”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一、二、三句“在貧窮國家，正規(guī)教育與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長之間的關(guān)系被經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和政治家廣泛誤解。毫無疑問，這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)步對(duì)于這些社會(huì)和所有其他社會(huì)的社會(huì)、政治和智力發(fā)展是必要的；然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，教育應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)窮國經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的最高優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)之一，這是錯(cuò)誤的?！睆倪@里可以推測，作者認(rèn)為教育在貧窮國家中重要，但是并不是促進(jìn)窮國經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的最高優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)之一，即認(rèn)為教育的重要性被高估了。答案選A。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：日本和美國的勞動(dòng)者最大的區(qū)別是什么。A選項(xiàng)“美國勞動(dòng)力受教育程度更高”；B選項(xiàng)“日本勞動(dòng)力更有紀(jì)律”；C選項(xiàng)“美國勞動(dòng)者更有組織”；D選項(xiàng)“日本勞動(dòng)力生產(chǎn)效率更高”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段最后一句話YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts（然而，研究顯示，本田、尼桑和豐田在美國的工廠達(dá)到了日本同行的約95%的生產(chǎn)率）從這里可以知，雖然達(dá)到了95%，但是日本的生產(chǎn)率更高，答案選D。選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；B、C選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：作者舉出我們的祖先的例子是為了顯示教育出現(xiàn)？選項(xiàng)A“人們解決溫飽之后”；B選項(xiàng)“人們有時(shí)間以后”；C選項(xiàng)“是政府部門施壓的結(jié)果”；D選項(xiàng)“在找到更好的食物之前”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段最后一句話Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.（只有當(dāng)人類開始以更富有成效的方式獲取食物時(shí)，才有時(shí)間做其他事情。）從這里可知，D錯(cuò)誤，答案選A。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干：根據(jù)最后一段，教育的發(fā)展？A選項(xiàng)“隨著提高的生產(chǎn)率而來”；B選項(xiàng)“直接來自競爭環(huán)境的結(jié)果”；C選項(xiàng)“無法承受政治變革”；D選項(xiàng)“不依賴于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第二句Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficientconditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.（對(duì)于先進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)所要求的復(fù)雜的政治制度來說，這種日益提高的教育水平可能是一個(gè)必要的，但不是一個(gè)充分的條件。）說明缺乏正規(guī)的教育并不能限制可以極大提高產(chǎn)量的世界勞動(dòng)力的發(fā)展，而反之，對(duì)提高產(chǎn)量的限制能夠解釋為什么教育發(fā)展得沒有那么快。由此可知，提高產(chǎn)量優(yōu)先于發(fā)展教育，答案選A。

3.單選題

Manyofthemostdamagingandlifethreateningtypesofweathertorrentialrains,severethunderstorms,andtornadoesbeginquickly,strikesuddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallregionswhileleavingneighboringareasuntouched.SucheventasatornadostruckthenortheasternsectionofEdmonton,Alberta,inJuly1987.Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded$250million,thehighesteverforanyCanadianstorm.

ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.Inmostnations,forexample,weather-balloonobservationsaretakenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatlocationstypicallyseparatedbyhundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.

Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.Thecostofequippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweatherstationswasextremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesinvolvedinrapidlycollectingandprocessingtherawweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerehardtoovercome.Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.Radarsystems,automatedweatherinstruments,andsatellitesareallcapableofmakingdetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationoverlargeregionsatarelativelylowcost.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycompileandanalyzethislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthesenewtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,Nowcastingisbecomingareality.

1.Theword“exceeded”inparagraph1mostprobablymeans______.

2.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherefailstopredictsuchashort-livedtornadobecause______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theword“Nowcast”(paragraph3)means______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,______isthekeyfactortomaking“Nowcasts”areality.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepassagemainlydealswith______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addedupto

B.weremorethan

C.wereabout

D.werelessthan

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerisnotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents

B.thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictit

C.theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong

D.weatherconditionsinsomesmallregionsarenotavailable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.awayofcollectingrawweatherdata

B.aforecastwhichcanpredicttheweatherconditionsinthesmallareainanaccurateway

C.anetworktocollectinstantweatherdata

D.amoreadvancedsystemofweatherobservation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.scientificandtechnologicaladvancessuchasradar,orsatellites

B.computerscientist

C.meteorologists

D.advancedcomputerprograms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.atornadoinEdmonton,Alberta

B.what’sa“Nowcast”

C.thedisadvantageofconventionalcomputermodelsoftheweatherforecast

D.abreakthroughinweatherforecast

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“exceeded”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded$250million（龍卷風(fēng)造成的總損失超過2.5億美元），說明“exceeded”在文中是指“超過”的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)“超過”正確。A選項(xiàng)“加起來”，C選項(xiàng)“大約”，D選項(xiàng)“少于”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.（傳統(tǒng)的大氣計(jì)算機(jī)模型在預(yù)測像埃德蒙頓龍卷風(fēng)這樣短暫的局部風(fēng)暴方面價(jià)值有限，因?yàn)榭捎玫奶鞖鈹?shù)據(jù)通常不夠詳細(xì)，不能讓計(jì)算機(jī)仔細(xì)研究這些風(fēng)暴來臨之前微妙的大氣變化。），接著指出conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.（傳統(tǒng)的天氣預(yù)報(bào)模式能夠較好地預(yù)測大范圍的總體天氣情況而不是具體的局部天氣事件），說明傳統(tǒng)的大氣計(jì)算機(jī)模型不能很好地預(yù)測龍卷風(fēng)是因?yàn)橐恍┬^(qū)域的數(shù)據(jù)采集不到。因此D選項(xiàng)“一些小區(qū)域的天氣狀況無法獲得”正確。A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)不是用來預(yù)測具體的局部事件的”，B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)不夠先進(jìn)，無法預(yù)測”，C選項(xiàng)“人們收集的天氣數(shù)據(jù)往往是錯(cuò)誤的”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

3.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Nowcast”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.（直到最近，用于精確的、非常短期的預(yù)測或“臨近預(yù)報(bào)”的觀測密集方法還不可行。），由前面的“accurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts”可以推斷出，“Nowcast”在文中是指“準(zhǔn)確、及時(shí)的天氣預(yù)報(bào)”的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)“一種可以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測小區(qū)域天氣狀況的預(yù)報(bào)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一種收集原始天氣數(shù)據(jù)的方式”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)收集即時(shí)天氣數(shù)據(jù)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)更先進(jìn)的天氣觀測系統(tǒng)”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.（幸運(yùn)的是，科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步已經(jīng)克服了這些問題中的大多數(shù)。），說明解決及時(shí)預(yù)報(bào)困難的關(guān)鍵因素是高科技的發(fā)展。因此A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，如雷達(dá)或衛(wèi)星”正確。B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家”，C選項(xiàng)“氣象學(xué)家”，D選項(xiàng)“先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)程序”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了某次龍卷風(fēng)造成的損失，指出傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)天氣預(yù)測模式由于沒有詳細(xì)的天氣情況數(shù)據(jù)而不能對(duì)類似于龍卷風(fēng)的暴風(fēng)雨做出及時(shí)的預(yù)報(bào)。接著提出直到最近，由于高科技的發(fā)展解決了人們收集天氣數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)的種種問題，才使得Nowcast這種準(zhǔn)確、及時(shí)的天氣預(yù)報(bào)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，可知文章主要講述了天氣預(yù)報(bào)方面的一大突破。因此D選項(xiàng)“天氣預(yù)報(bào)的突破性進(jìn)展”最符合文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“艾伯塔省埃德蒙頓市的一場龍卷風(fēng)”，B選項(xiàng)“什么是Nowcast”，C選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的天氣預(yù)報(bào)計(jì)算機(jī)模型的缺點(diǎn)”都只講了文章的某一方面，不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

4.單選題

Americansmayhaveto（）thenumberofprivatelyownedcarsanddependmoreonpublictransportationsystems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakdown

B.outdown

C.getdown

D.dropdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakdown“發(fā)生故障，毀掉”；getdown“吞下，使沮喪”；dropdown“落下，順著往下移動(dòng)”。句意：美國人可能不得不降低私家車的數(shù)量。轉(zhuǎn)而依賴公共交通系統(tǒng)。只有D項(xiàng)符合，強(qiáng)調(diào)私家車數(shù)量的下降。

5.單選題

Thegovernmentistryingtodosomethingto（

）betterunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.raise

B.promote

C.heighten

D.increase

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。raise“提高，籌集，養(yǎng)育”；promote“促進(jìn)，推動(dòng)”；heighten“提高，增高，使更顯著”；increase“增加，增大”。句意：政府正在努力促進(jìn)兩國之間更好的理解。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbebroughtonbyphysicalevent,otherpeople’sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisselfcontrol,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachexhaledbreathsay“relax”gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword“relax”willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Controllingyourthoughtisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeviews.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Yourmustalsokeepfromattachingexaggeratedimportancetoevents.

Everythingseemslife-threateninginmomentofpanic;thingsdiminimportancewhenviewedinretrospect.

1.Themainpointofthisreadingisthat（

）.

2.Controllingyourthoughtalwaysinvolves

（

）.

3.Humanresponsetostressis

（

）.

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthesectionisto

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsincludedinthesectionmostdirectlysupportsthewriter’sviewthatstressitcontrollable?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stressisanimbalanceofinternalandexternaldemands.

B.controllingphysicalreactionsandthoughtsisaneffectivemeansofmanagingstress

C.relaxationisthekeytosuccessfulstressmanagement

D.stressmanagementrequiresaproblem-solvingapproach

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.consideringthesituationinalternativeviewpoints

B.visualizingyourselfmanagingthestress

C.relaxationtechniquestoemanatephysicalsymptoms

D.asenseofbeingoverwhelmedbythesituation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.universal

B.variableaccordingtosex

C.unchanging

D.individual

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.explaintherelationshipbetweenstressandconflict

B.instructthereaderhowtocontrolstress

C.describerelaxationtechniques

D.persuadethereadertoreducestressthroughbreathing

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thingsdiminimportancewhenviewedinretrospect.

B.Stressisanimbalancebetweendemands.

C.Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflict,justastheyresponddifferentlytostress.

D.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。本文主要講了壓力管理，以及應(yīng)對(duì)壓力管理的兩種方式——身體反應(yīng)控制與思維控制。因此選B，控制身體反應(yīng)和思維是管理壓力的有效手段。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeviews.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Yourmustalsokeepfromattachingexaggeratedimportancetoevents.（也就是說，你必須考慮其他觀點(diǎn)。你當(dāng)前的觀點(diǎn)是造成壓力的原因！你也必須避免過分重視這件事）因此選A，考慮替代觀點(diǎn)的情況。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.（人們對(duì)沖突的反應(yīng)不同，正如他們對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng)也不同）可知選D，人類對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng)是個(gè)體的。

第4題:主旨大意題。由第一題以及文章大意，可知作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了介紹壓力管理的方法，因此選B。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干：以下哪一項(xiàng)包括在最直接支持作者的觀點(diǎn)的部分中，強(qiáng)調(diào)它是可控的？作者認(rèn)為壓力管理可以通過身體反應(yīng)控制與思維控制來進(jìn)行，因此D選項(xiàng)“成功的管理壓力需要思維的靈活性”符合題意。

7.單選題

Someonewhois（）usuallysaystheoppositeofwhattheyreallymeaninordertoinsultsomeone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artistic

B.fantastic

C.sarcastic

D.romantic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。artistic“藝術(shù)的，風(fēng)雅的”;fantastic“奇異的；不可思議的；極好的”;sarcastic“挖苦的；尖刻的”；romantic“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”。句意：那些尖酸刻薄的人經(jīng)常說反話來侮辱別人。由后半句saystheoppositeofwhattheyreallymeaninordertoinsultsomeone可知此空填貶義詞，并且只有C項(xiàng)符合所描述的對(duì)象的特征，故C項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Theuniversityrefusedtoaccepthimbecausehewasnot（

）foradmission.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.admissible

B.permissible

C.eligible

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。admissible意為“(尤指法庭)可接受的，受理的”；permissible意為“容許的，許可的”；eligible意為“有資格的，合格的，具備條件的”；suitable意為“合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)摹薄?/p>

句意：這所大學(xué)拒絕接收他，因?yàn)樗缓先雽W(xué)資格。

9.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我們要樹立必勝信念、繼續(xù)埋頭苦干，貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的發(fā)展理念，著力推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，著力推進(jìn)改革開放，著力促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義，著力營造政治上的綠水青山，為全面建成小康社會(huì)決勝階段開好局、起好步。

【答案】Weshouldremainfirminourconvictiontosucceed,continuetoworkhardandimplementthevisionofachievinginnovative,coordinated,green,openandshareddevelopment.Wewillendeavortocarryoutstructuralreform,acceleratereformandopening-up,promotesocialequityandjustice,andcreateasoundpoliticalenvironment.Doingsowillenableustogetofftoagoodstartinoureffortstofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsinthisdecisivestage.

10.單選題

Lowinterestratescreatedeasycreditconditions,fuelingahousingconstructionboomandencouragingconsumption.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminating

B.extinguishing

C.stimulating

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contaminating污染，弄臟B.extinguishing（使）消亡，破滅

C.stimulating激勵(lì)；促進(jìn)D.transporting運(yùn)輸；使身臨其境

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線部分是前文“低利率創(chuàng)造了寬松的信貸條件”帶來的結(jié)果；原文and并列fuelingahousingconstructionboom“____住房建設(shè)熱潮”和encouragingconsumption“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)”，那么劃線詞應(yīng)與encouraging“鼓勵(lì)”語義方向一致，C選項(xiàng)stimulating“刺激；激勵(lì)”符合語境。原詞fuel“刺激；推動(dòng)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)與原文語境不符。

【句意】低利率創(chuàng)造了寬松的信貸條件，推動(dòng)了住房建設(shè)熱潮并鼓勵(lì)了消費(fèi)。

11.單選題

Onlytakesuchclothes（

）reallynecessary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aswere

B.astheyare

C.astheywere

D.asare

【答案】D

12.單選題

Inthesearchforsolutiontoseeminglyoverwhelmingproblems,itbecameincreasingly______toincluderadical,evenrevolutionaryideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stable

B.absolute

C.immortal

D.plausible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)stable“穩(wěn)定的”；B選absolute項(xiàng)“絕對(duì)的”；C選項(xiàng)immortal“不朽的”；D選項(xiàng)plausible“看似合理的”。句意：在尋找看似無法解決的問題的解決方案時(shí)，激進(jìn)的，甚至是革命性的主意越來越______。根據(jù)語境，plausible“看似合理的”搭配ideas“主意”比較合理，指激進(jìn)的方法更加可行，D選項(xiàng)plausible“看似合理的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

人們不會(huì)再建造大學(xué)校，而是會(huì)縮減現(xiàn)今存在的學(xué)校的規(guī)模以滿足不斷變化的學(xué)生需求，這些學(xué)生愿意把很多時(shí)間花在不到校學(xué)習(xí)上。隨著每天到校的學(xué)生越來越少，需要的設(shè)備也就越來越少，那么，在設(shè)備上的投資也就越來越少，設(shè)備的價(jià)值很快也就喪失了。教育機(jī)構(gòu)的電腦會(huì)被連接到能提供幾乎是沒有限制的計(jì)算能力和不斷更新的軟件的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。在科技和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上節(jié)省下來的資金會(huì)被用到為所有學(xué)生提供更好的教學(xué)設(shè)施，通過掌上電腦給所有學(xué)生提供可以進(jìn)入到計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心的接入口。學(xué)生將用這些掌上電腦完成所有的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，上傳和下載信息，打印報(bào)告，進(jìn)入網(wǎng)絡(luò)，還有就是存儲(chǔ)他們研究的結(jié)果。

不公正并不會(huì)在2010年就消失。然而，無論是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)等級(jí)，還是精神或體格的需要，富人和窮人之間的不平等會(huì)直接通過政策，管理和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的優(yōu)先權(quán)加以削弱。這些優(yōu)先權(quán)會(huì)促使將用于建筑和管理的費(fèi)用轉(zhuǎn)向以學(xué)生為驅(qū)動(dòng)的費(fèi)用，即為所有的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備可以進(jìn)入到先進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的必備的學(xué)習(xí)工具。所有的學(xué)生都將有機(jī)會(huì)讓他們自己為充滿競爭的新經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備。教育機(jī)會(huì)不再會(huì)因?yàn)閭€(gè)人出身低或是沒有資源而被損失掉。

社區(qū)會(huì)在教育中扮演更為重要的角色。當(dāng)?shù)氐钠髽I(yè)會(huì)在學(xué)生的專業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備中發(fā)揮重要的作用。這些企業(yè)如果在此活動(dòng)中表現(xiàn)突出的話，可以接受稅務(wù)減免。

【答案】【參考譯文】

AVisionofEducationintheYear201014.單選題

Theteamhasbeenworkingovertimeontheresearchproject（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lately

B.justnow

C.late

D.longago

【答案】A

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。lately“近來，不久前”；justnow“剛剛”；late“晚，遲；在晚期”；longago“很久以前”。句意：這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)近來一直在為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目加班。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.翻譯題

Oncampus,youwillquicklydiscoverthatanimportantpartofthecultureisawillingnesstostayengagedwithproblemsandarguments,tokeeppushingforasharedvocabularyandasharedunderstanding.Youwillencounterapost-Enlightenmentsensibility,underwhichmoreandmorecornersofhumanexperiencearesusceptibletocriticalanalysisanddebate.Fewerandfewerdomainsoflifefeellikemattersofpurelypersonaltaste—chocolateorvanilla—thingsthataretruly“just,like,youropinion.”Andyouwillfindyourselfspendingmanyhours,lateatnightandearlyinthemorning,searchingforthatsharedunderstanding.Andhereyouwilldiscoveroneoftheuniversity’sgreatstrengthsasacommunity.Itdoesn’ttakemuchworktosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisprettymuchlikeyou.Butittakesrealefforttosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisdifferent.Themostprofoundoptimismunderlyinghighereducationtodayisthesimultaneousrecognitionthat,ontheoneband,differencesofview,background,andperspectivearerealandimportant,and,ontheotherhand,peoplewhoholdthosedifferencescancometogetherforfouryearsonabeautifulhilltop,listentooneanotherwithtoleranceandrespect,andengage.

【答案】參考譯文：

在校園，你將很快發(fā)現(xiàn)校園文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分，那就是愿意面對(duì)問題和爭論，為共享的詞匯和共享的理解而不斷努力。你們將面對(duì)后啟蒙時(shí)代的感性，在這種感性力量下，人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)中越來越多的角落容易受到批判性分析和辯論的影響。生活中越來越少的領(lǐng)域感覺像純粹個(gè)人品味的事情，例如選擇巧克力味或香草味，這些事情才是真正的“只是你的觀點(diǎn)”。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會(huì)為了尋求共享的理解而花很多時(shí)間，通宵達(dá)旦。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)大學(xué)作為一個(gè)團(tuán)體的偉大力量之一。和一個(gè)與你相似的人達(dá)成共同的理解并不需很大的工夫，但是要和一個(gè)與你不同的人達(dá)成共識(shí)就不是什么容易的事了?，F(xiàn)今的高等教育最值得樂觀的一點(diǎn)是，同時(shí)意識(shí)到了這兩個(gè)方面：一是不同的看法、背景和觀點(diǎn)很重要；二是那些持有不同觀點(diǎn)的人們能相聚在一起，在一個(gè)美麗的山頂共處四年，相互容忍，相互尊重和相互影響。

16.單選題

MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatpowerofthemediumis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.granted

B.implied

C.exaggerated

D.remedied

【答案】C

【解析】granted授予,同意；implied暗示；exaggerated夸張；remedied補(bǔ)救。句意：大多數(shù)廣播公司認(rèn)為電視受到了不公正的批評(píng),認(rèn)為媒體的力量被夸大了。

17.單選題

HeclaimedthathewouldcompileanEnglishmasterpieceifhecouldfinda(n)______todealwiththelessessentialparts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accomplice

B.collaborator

C.confederate

D.cobber

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accomplice“同謀者；共犯”，指在犯罪行為中幫助另一個(gè)人；B選項(xiàng)collaborator“合作者；協(xié)作者；合著者”，指在做好事中幫助另一個(gè)人；C選項(xiàng)confederate“同盟國，同盟者；幫兇；美國南部邦聯(lián)支持者”，常指國家或政府層面的結(jié)盟；D選項(xiàng)cobber“伙伴；朋友”，不常用，屬于澳洲俚語。句意：他聲稱，如果他能找到一位______來處理不太重要的部分，他將編寫一部英語杰作。此處填“合著者”一詞更符合句意，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

TheancientChinesethoughtcometswerecelestialbroomswieldedbythegodstosweeptheheavensfreeofevil.IntheWesttheywerebelievedtopresagethefallofJerusalem,thedeathofmonarchsandsuchanomaliesastwo-headedcalves.TheNormanConquestofEnglandwasattributedtothe1006flybyofHalley’s,history’smostfamouscomet,whichhasbeenlinkedtoeverythingfromJuliusCaesar’sassassinationtothedefeatofAttilatheHun.ToldthatEarthwouldpassthroughHalley’stailduringits1910visit,manyAmericanspanickedandboughtgasmasksand“cometpills.”

AlanHalecallsthesewavesoffearandmysticism“cometmadness,”andascodiscovererofCometHale-Bopp,he’sseenmorethanhisshare.Eversincehisfindwasannounced,hehasbeeninundatedwithinquiries,pronouncementsandaccusationsfromthecometaryfringe.

Halehasfoundthatthearrivalofamajorcomet—especiallysoneartheendofamillennium—isstillwidelyregardedasanomenofupheavalanddisasterSeveralChristianFundamentalists,hewritesinthecurrentissueofSkepticalInquirer,haveproclaimedHale-Bopptobeoneofthe“signsoftheendtimes”foretoldintheNewTestament.TheyalsosuggestthatthecometmightbetheobjectdescribedinRevelation8:10asagreatstarnamedWormwoodthat“fellfromheaven,blazinglikeatorch.”Wormwood,accordingtotheBible,destroysathirdofalmosteverything:people,land,riversandseas.Othersclaimthatthecometissomekindofalienmothership“underintelligentcontrol.”

SpeculationreachedafeverpitchlastNovemberwhenChuckShramek,anamateurastronomerbasedinHouston,Texas,announcedonaU.S.radiotalkshowthathehadphotographeda“Satum-likeobject”thatseemedtobefollowinginHale-Bopp'swake.Shramek’sbreathlessclaimelevatedHale-BoppfantasiesfromsupermarkettabloidstothemainstreampressandgeneratedthousandsofpoststomessageboardsandastronomyhomepagesontheInternet.Onefast-spreadingrumorhaditthattheobjectwasanalienspacecraftfourtimesthesizeofEarth.

Halewasbarragedwithreporters’queries,andinanefforttocalmthereporters,heinvestigatedShramek’sphotographanddeterminedthatthe“object”initwasanordinaryeighth-magnitudestar.AfterpostinghisconclusionsontheNet,HalebecamethetargetofafloodofhateE-mail,muchofitaccusinghimofbeingpartofaconspiracytosuppressthetruenatureofHale-Bopp.

Haleacknowledgesthatitwasonlynaturalforourancestorstobeapprehensiveaboutthefieryapparitionsinthenightsky.Butheisimpatientwithhismodemcounterparts,whoshouldknowbetter.“Iaskreaderstotreatalltheseirresponsiblereportswiththedisdaintheydeserve,”hesays,“andinsteadenjoythebeautyofthecometforitsownsake,”

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）

2.AlanHale’sattitudetowardshiscontemporaryastronomers’sreportsaboutnewlydiscoveredcometsis（）

3.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Judgingbythecontext,theword“inundated”inParagraphTwomostprobablymeans（）

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Comets,OmensofDisasters

B.TheDiscoveryofCometHale-Bopp

C.AlanHale,AGreatAstronomer

D.CrazyaboutComets

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.contemptuous

B.unconcerned

C.liberal

D.positive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThereareavarietyofexplanationsofComet-Bopp.

B.IntheWest,cometsareregardedasomensofupheavalsanddisasters.

C.AlanHalehasdiscoveredmanyothercometsexceptcometHale-Bopp.

D.ManypeoplewerenotsatisfiedbyAlanHale’sinterpretationofChuckShramek’sfind.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.relished

B.overwhelmed

C.charged

D.deprived

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ChuckShramek’sclaimcausedagreatpublicconcernandinterest

B.AlanHaleisnotfondofE-mail

C.Fewastronomersaresuperstitious

D.MostAmericansarenotimpressionable

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文首段提到西方人們對(duì)彗星的恐懼，接下來主要講了天文學(xué)家Hale對(duì)彗星的研究以及受到人們的指控。所以選項(xiàng)C更符合本文主題。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“Butheisimpatientwithhismodemcounterparts,whoshouldknowbetter.”但他對(duì)當(dāng)代的天文學(xué)家們沒有耐心，他認(rèn)為他們應(yīng)該知道得更多。由此推斷，Hale

的是輕蔑的。選項(xiàng)A正確。unconcerned不關(guān)心的；liberal慷慨的；positive積極的。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中只提到Hale發(fā)現(xiàn)了波普彗星，但沒有說發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多其他的彗星，所以選項(xiàng)C表述錯(cuò)誤。

4.詞義題。根據(jù)原文：自從他宣布了自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)，他就被各種調(diào)查、聲明和指控淹沒了。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。relished品味；charged被指控；deprived被剝奪。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段的倒數(shù)第二句“Shramek’sbreathlessclaimelevated...ontheInternet.”Shramek令人窒息的聲明將Comet-Bopp的幻想從超市小報(bào)提升到了主流媒體，并在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的留言板和天文學(xué)主頁上發(fā)布了數(shù)千條帖子。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

19.單選題

Theseseatsare（

）foroldandsickpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conserved

B.deserved

C.preserved

D.reserved

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conserved“保存，保全”；B選項(xiàng)deserved“值得”；C選項(xiàng)preserved“保藏”；D選項(xiàng)reserved“保留”。句意：這些座位是留給老人和病人的。bereservedfor意為“為…保留”，所以選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

20.單選題

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)surely“當(dāng)然；無疑；堅(jiān)定地；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍?；B選項(xiàng)eventually“最后，終于”；C選項(xiàng)precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項(xiàng)consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識(shí)最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。

21.單選題

Hewasconstraininghismindnotto（

）fromthelecture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wonder

B.wander

C.cruise

D.travel

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)wonder“想知道；驚訝”；B選項(xiàng)wander“不集中，走神”；C選項(xiàng)cruise“巡航，巡游；漫游”；D選項(xiàng)travel“旅行”。填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成不定式做賓補(bǔ)說明hismind“他的思想”，由此可知wander“（因厭倦或焦慮而注意力）不集中，走神”符合題意，句意為：他在限