考研考博-英語-廈門海洋職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門海洋職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theprospectofincreasedpricehasalready（

）worries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provoked

B.irritated

C.inspired

D.hoisted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。provoke“激起，挑起，引起”；irritate“刺激，使興奮，激怒”；inspire“激發(fā)，鼓舞，啟示”；hoist“把……吊起，升起”。句意：價(jià)格上漲的前景已經(jīng)引起了人們的擔(dān)憂。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

UKandChinahassomethingsimilarintheircompulsoryeducationsystem.Firstly,bothinUKandChina,“mostchildrenreceivefreeeducationalfinancefrompublicfunds,butsmallportionsattendschoolswhollyindependentofpublicfinancialsupport.’’Secondly,bothofthetwocountrieshavelawstoensurecompulsoryeducation.Thirdly,thetwocountrieshavethesamecurriculums.Forexample,accordingtoZhuYongtaoandWangLili,foreignlanguagesaretaughtasanintegralpartofthecurriculum,reflectingtheimportanceofBritish’srelationshipwithEuropeandChina’srelationshipwithEnglishspeakingcountries.Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.Fifthly,therearesomeimportantexamsforstudentsincompulsoryeducationsystemsinChinaandUK.InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.InChina,exceptforanexamforthesixthgradegraduatesinprimaryschool,thereisahighschoolentranceexaminationforJunior3students.

TherearelotsofdifferencesbetweenChinaandUKincompulsoryeducation.Itcanbedividedintofiveparts.

Firstly,theaimofeducationintheUKandChinaisnotquitesimilarwitheachother.AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto“developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole”.AndinChina,“it’stoleteveryoneaccepteducation,haveknowledgeandskillstomakelife.”

Secondly,theyearofcompulsoryeducationisdifferentbetweenthetwocountries.InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.

Thirdly,thescheduleofcompulsoryeducationinthetwocountriesisdifferent.AccordingtoWikipediaandSuiMingcai,Britishcompulsoryeducationcanbedividedintotwostages:primaryschoolsandsecondaryschools.Thestateschoolingwasfreeandcompulsoryuptothelegalschool-leavingage.WhileinChina,compulsoryeducationconsistsofprimaryschoolsandmiddleschools.

TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.Britishschooldayinmoststatesandindependentschools(exceptforinfantandjuniorschool)usuallystartsat8:45a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.InChina,everyschooldayismadeupoftwoperiodswhichare7:30a.m.to12:00a.m.,2:30p.m.to5:30p.m.Studentscangohomeforlunch.ItshowsthatChinesestudentsusuallyspendmoretimeatschool.

Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）.

2.InwhatwaydoesUKeducateitspeople?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acomparisonstudyonfreeeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

B.acomparisonstudyoncompulsoryeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

C.acomparisonstudyonfinancialsystembetweenChinaandUK

D.acomparisonstudyonculturebetweenChinaandUK

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiestoservethecountrywholly.

B.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesfully.

C.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiesonlyforthebenefitofthesociety.

D.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesaswellastheabilitiesforthebenefitofthesociety.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ChildreninNorthernIrelandstartthecompulsoryeducationatanearlierage.

B.StudentsinUKspend16yearsforthecompulsoryeducation.

C.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationinChinais14years.

D.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationbothinUKandChinaisthesame.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TermsoftheschoolyearinUKdonotincludewinter.

B.StudentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.

C.StudentsinUKtaketwomainexaminationsnormallywhentheyare15and19yearsoldinthecompulsoryeducation.

D.StudentsinChinaspendmoretimeinschoolscomparedwithstudentsinUK.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文主要講述了中國(guó)和英國(guó)教育的異同之處。因此B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于中國(guó)和英國(guó)的義務(wù)教育體系的對(duì)比研究”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段中“AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto‘developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole’”，中文翻譯為：按照SuiMingcai的說法，整體來看，英國(guó)教育的目標(biāo)是充分發(fā)展個(gè)人能力和塑造這些能力以造福社會(huì)。可以得知D選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)旨在培養(yǎng)人民的個(gè)人能力以及造福社會(huì)的能力”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章“InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.”，中文翻譯為：在英國(guó)，5歲開始上學(xué)（在北愛爾蘭是4歲），16歲義務(wù)教育結(jié)束；而在中國(guó)義務(wù)教育開始于6結(jié)束于14歲，實(shí)行的是九年制義務(wù)教育?？梢缘弥狝選項(xiàng)“北愛爾蘭的孩子在更早的年齡開始義務(wù)教育”符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.”，中文翻譯為：英國(guó)的學(xué)年分為三期（秋、春、夏）；而中國(guó)是兩個(gè)學(xué)期（春和秋），可知A選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)的學(xué)年不包括冬天”正確；由B選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.”，中文翻譯為：第四，中國(guó)和英國(guó)的學(xué)生都要6年完成初等教育?？芍狟選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)和英國(guó)的學(xué)生都花6年時(shí)間完成基礎(chǔ)教育”正確；由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.”，中文翻譯為：英國(guó)有兩次重要的考試。普通中等教育證（GCSE）考試通常是16歲的孩子參加。普通高級(jí)教育證書（GCEA）考試通常是在第二年年底由19歲的學(xué)生參加?？芍狢選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)的學(xué)生在義務(wù)教育階段，一般是在15歲和19歲的時(shí)候參加兩次主要的考試”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)原文“Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.”，中文翻譯為：此外，在英國(guó)，學(xué)齡兒童可以在家里或?qū)熌抢锘蛞云渌问浇邮芰x務(wù)教育，而在中國(guó)，義務(wù)教育意味著學(xué)校教育?？梢缘弥狣選項(xiàng)“與英國(guó)學(xué)生相比，中國(guó)學(xué)生在學(xué)校的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)”是正確的。故C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or-independentlyofanycourse-simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofIhevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn'ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,‘scientificsubculture’means（）.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause（）.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

5.Thispassagemostprobablyis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturalgroupsthatarcformedbyscientists.

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.

C.thescientificcommunity.

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.

B.Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.

C.Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.

D.Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishisasexistlanguage.

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.abookreview,

B.theprefaceofabook.

C.thepostscriptofabook.

D.theconcludingpartofabook.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“scientificsubculture”可定位到第三段的內(nèi)容“我們?cè)噲D在這本書中呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確和最新的有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)和居住在其中的人們的圖片。近年來，這一群體中的女性越來越多。女性在科學(xué)亞文化中的這種日益增加的作用不是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的事件……”由此可以看出，科學(xué)亞文化就是科學(xué)社區(qū)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.由于它幾乎涉及我們生活的方方面面，受過教育的人至少需要對(duì)它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作有所了解?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;……這本書是為那些對(duì)科學(xué)了解不多的聰明學(xué)生或非專業(yè)人士而寫的。”選項(xiàng)A是對(duì)原文的同義表達(dá)，所以正確。

4.判斷推理題。選項(xiàng)A“英語是一門具有性別歧視的語言”不正確，性別歧視的語言指的是用男性名詞或代詞來指代未指明的個(gè)體，并不是英語這一門語言；選項(xiàng)B“只有在科學(xué)界，女性的作用在迅速增加”表達(dá)過于絕對(duì)；選項(xiàng)C“女性為消除我們語言的不足做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)”不正確，原文說的是越來越多的女性進(jìn)入了傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，并不是消除語言的不足；選項(xiàng)D“男性名詞或代詞不能用來指科學(xué)家”符合原文，應(yīng)該盡可能使用復(fù)數(shù)名詞和代詞，必要時(shí)，他和她交替使用。所以本題選D。

5.判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)abookreview“書評(píng)”；B選項(xiàng)theprefaceofabook“前言，序言”；C選項(xiàng)thepostscriptofabook“附錄，后記”；D選項(xiàng)theconcludingpartofabook“結(jié)尾語”。原文提及這本書是為那些對(duì)科學(xué)了解不多的聰明學(xué)生或非專業(yè)人士而寫，試圖呈現(xiàn)的是一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確和最新的有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)以及居住在其中的人們的圖片，并且努力使這本書既具有知識(shí)性又具有娛樂性，這些都是在對(duì)這本書的性質(zhì)和內(nèi)容進(jìn)行大致的講解，一般放在書的前言部分，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.單選題

Somepeopleeither（

）avoidquestionsofrightandwrongorremainneutralaboutthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.violently

B.enthusiastically

C.sincerely

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。violently“激烈地，猛烈地”；enthusiastically“熱心地，滿腔熱情地”；sincerely“真誠(chéng)地”；deliberately“故意地”。句意：有些人不是故意避開是非的問題就是保持中立。either…or…要么……要么……，表示并列關(guān)系，故答案D

5.翻譯題

Whatisthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressure?Takeyourpick,asthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressureseemstobevirtuallyanyexercise,likewalkingorcyclingorlightweighttraining,especiallyifyourworkoutsarespreadthroughouttheday.

“Evenstandingmightwork,”saysGlennGaesser,thedirectoroftheHealthyLifestylesResearchCenteratArizonaStateUniversityandanexpertonexerciseandhypertension.Exerciselowersbloodpressureinlargepartbyalteringbloodvesselstiffnesssobloodflowsmorefreely.Thiseffectoccursduringandimmediatelyafteraworkout,sotheblood-pressurebenefitsfromexercisearemostpronouncedrightafter,youworkout.Asaresult,thebestwaytofighthypertensionmaybetodivvyupyourworkoutintobite-sizepieces.

Ina2012studybyDr.Gaesser,three10-minutewalksspreadthroughoutthedaywerebetteratpreventingsubsequentspikesinbloodpressure—whichcanindicateworseningbloodpressurecontrol—thanone30-minutewalk.Andifevena10-minutewalksoundsdaunting,trystandingmoreoften.InanotherstudyledbyDr.GaesserandpublishedinAugust,overweightvolunteerswithbloodpressureproblemswereaskedtositcontinuouslyduringaneight-hourworkdaywhiletheirbloodpressurewasmonitored.Thereadingswere,asexpected,unhealthy.

Butwhen,duringanotherworkday,thosevolunteersstoodupeveryhourforatleast10minutes,theirbloodpressurereadingsimprovedsubstantially.Thereadingswereevenbetterwhen,onadditionalworkdays,thevolunteersstrolledatapokey1-mile-per-hourpaceattreadmilldesksforatleast10minuteseveryhourorpedaledunder-deskexercisebikesforthesamenumberofminuteseveryhour.

“Exerciseintensitydoesnotappeartoplayanysignificantrole”inhelpingpeoplecontrolbloodpressure,Dr.Gaessersays.Movementiswhatmatters.Sogoforastrollafewtimesduringthedayorsimplystandupmoreoftentodevelophealthierbloodpressure.

【答案】【參考譯文】

控制血壓的最佳鍛煉方式是什么？任何鍛煉都好，幾乎所有運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)控制血壓都非常有效，比如步行、騎車或是輕的負(fù)重練習(xí)，全天式的鍛煉會(huì)讓減壓效果更好。

亞利桑那州立大學(xué)健康生活方式研究中心的主任格林?蓋瑟爾是位鍛煉與高血壓方面的專家，他認(rèn)為“哪怕站著也會(huì)有幫助?！卞憻捊档脱獕旱脑?，主要是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)可以改善血管硬度使得血流更加通暢。這樣的效果在鍛煉中和鍛煉后都會(huì)馬上顯現(xiàn)，因而在剛剛運(yùn)動(dòng)完其降壓效果尤其明顯。結(jié)論就是最好的對(duì)抗高血壓的方式，是類似少食多餐那樣進(jìn)行少量多次的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

在蓋瑟爾2012年發(fā)表的一篇報(bào)告中，他建議將一天運(yùn)動(dòng)量均分為3個(gè)時(shí)長(zhǎng)為10分鐘的步行，這樣比一次步行30分鐘相比可以更好預(yù)防血壓出現(xiàn)峰值，血壓峰值出現(xiàn)往往意味著控壓惡化。甚至說如果10分鐘步行聽著都有些嚇人的話，那就多站站。蓋瑟爾博士主導(dǎo)過另一項(xiàng)研究并將成果于8月出版，研究要求一些超重并有高血壓?jiǎn)栴}的志愿者在8小時(shí)的工作日里一直坐在座位上，同時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)其血壓，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)血壓讀數(shù)如預(yù)料的一樣非常不健康。

但在另一個(gè)工作日，當(dāng)要求這些志愿者每小時(shí)至少站立10分鐘后，他們的血壓讀數(shù)顯著改善。接著在另外一個(gè)工作日，這些志愿者需要每小時(shí)用帶跑步機(jī)的書桌慢速走10分鐘（配速為每小時(shí)1英里/1.6公里），或者用桌下型蹬車器每小時(shí)練習(xí)10分鐘，鍛煉后的血壓讀數(shù)改善得更為顯著。

蓋瑟爾博士稱就輔助人們控制血壓方面來說，“鍛煉強(qiáng)度起不到什么作用?！边\(yùn)動(dòng)起來才是關(guān)鍵。所以每天多走幾步或多站幾次來打造健康血壓吧。

6.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertion(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)intheblank.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1._time_

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.__/___

schoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.

3._the__

Peoplewhosellgoodsandservicesoverthetelephoneare

calledtelemarketers.India,thePhilippines,ChinaandSouthAfrica

areamongcountrieswhiletelemarketingisagrowingindustry.Others,

1.______

suchasMauritius,wanttoenterintothebusiness.Thisshouldnotbe

2.______

difficultforcountriesofthetechnologyandinterests.Manyinternational

3.______

companieshavestartedtomovetheircallcenterjobstonationswhere

thewagesarehigher.Peoplemayhavenoideaifacallcenterworkeris

4.______

ontheothersideoftheworld.

Mostcallcentersareusednotonlyfortelemarketing.Workersalso

helpcustomers.Theycollectinformationwithcompanies.Infact,India’s

5.______

callcenterindustryhasdescribedas“thebackofficeoftheworld.”

6.______

AboutseventycompaniestheredotelemarketingforAmericanbusinesses.

Someexpertsestimatethatmorethan250,000telemarketingjobshave

alreadymovedoutoftheUnitedStates.Theseandotherjobsinthe

servicesindustryareexpectedtocontinuetoleaveofthecountry.

7.______

Thisamountcouldincreasedependingonhowalegalbattleovera

National“donotcall”listissettled.Morethanfifty-millionAmericanshave

signedontoanewgovernmentlisttopreventphonecallsfrom

telemarketers.Thesecallsofteninterferewithfamilytimesordinner.President

8.______

Bushsupportsthedo-not-calllist,thattookeffectthismonth.Telemarketers

9.______

couldfacelargefinesforviolations,thoughsomekindsofcallsarestill

permitted.Theindustrysaysthelistviolatestherightoffreespeech.Inaddition,

10.______

lawmakerswhorepresentareaswithcallcentersworryaboutthelossofjobs.

ThefearisthatmoreAmericancallcenterswillcloseormoveoverseasifthe

listisenforced.

【答案】1.while→where

2.into→/

3.of→with

4.higher→lower

5.with→for

6.has∧→been

7.of→/

8.times→time

9.that→which

10.of→to

【解析】1.考查關(guān)系代詞的使用。由關(guān)鍵詞countries“國(guó)家”可知，這里的先行詞是指地點(diǎn)，所以應(yīng)該用表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系代詞where。

2.考查動(dòng)詞用法。enter在句子中表示“進(jìn)入”，為及物動(dòng)詞，后面不需要跟介詞into，所以把into去掉。

3.考查介詞用法。of表示“……的”；根據(jù)句子Thisshouldnotbedifficultforcountriesofthetechnologyandinterests可知，句意為：這對(duì)擁有技術(shù)和利益的國(guó)家來說應(yīng)該不難。所以該句應(yīng)該用表達(dá)“有”的介詞with。

4.考查形容詞用法。根據(jù)句子Manyinternationalcompanieshavestartedtomovetheircallcenterjobstonationswherethewagesarehigher并結(jié)合上文可知句意為：許多跨國(guó)公司已經(jīng)開始將他們的呼叫中心工作轉(zhuǎn)移到工資更低的國(guó)家。higher表示“更高的”，所以這里應(yīng)該改為lower，表示“更低的”。

5.考查介詞用法。根據(jù)句子Theycollectinformationwithcompanies可知，句意為：他們?yōu)楣臼占畔ⅰ６鴚ith表示“和，有”的意思，所以應(yīng)該把with改為for，表示“為了”。

6.考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子India’scallcenterindustryhasdescribedas“thebackofficeoftheworld.”可知，句意為：印度的呼叫中心行業(yè)被稱為“世界的后臺(tái)辦公室”。callcenterindustry和described之間是被動(dòng)的語態(tài)，所以應(yīng)該在has后面跟been表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

7.考查介詞的使用。leave是及物動(dòng)詞，表示“離開”，后面不需要跟介詞，所以應(yīng)該將of去掉。

8.考查名詞的使用。times表示“倍數(shù)”，文中指的是“家庭時(shí)間”，應(yīng)該使用time，表示“時(shí)間”。

9.考查非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)list后面的逗號(hào)可知，這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，而that不可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，所以只能用關(guān)系代詞which。

10.考查固定搭配。righttosth.固定搭配，表示“……的權(quán)利”，所以這里應(yīng)該將介詞of改為to。

7.單選題

AlthoughAmericaninstitutionshaveanunquestionableprestigeinthe（

）academicmarketplace,theirhistorywasnotcomparablewiththatoftheBritishones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.curricular

B.contemporary

C.communicative

D.conceptual

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管美國(guó)的院校在當(dāng)代學(xué)術(shù)論壇上有無可置疑的聲望，但是它們的歷史卻比不上英國(guó)院校的歷史。

考查形容詞辨析。Curricular課程的;contemporary屬同時(shí)期的,同一時(shí)代的,當(dāng)代的;communicative樂意溝通的,語言交際能力的;conceptual概念(上)的,觀念(上)的。因此B符合句意。

8.單選題

21-25

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.About10,000,000.

B.About1,000,000.

C.About100,000.

D.About10,000.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Acocktailofvitamins.

B.Acocktailofvitaminsplusmagnesium.

C.ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandE.

D.E.D.

E.D.Thecombinationofminerals23.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thedelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.

B.Theinnerearcells.

C.Theeardrums.

D.Theinnerearossicles.24.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.GeneralMotors(通用汽車公司).

B.TheUnitedAutoWorkers(汽車工會(huì)).

C.NIH.

D.Allofabove25.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AnindustrialtrialinSpain.

B.Militarytrials(軍事審判)inSpainandSweden.

C.IndustrialtrialsinSpainandSweden.

D.AtrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFlorida.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】(21)About10millionpeopleintheU.S.alone,fromtroopsreturningfromwartostudentswithmusicblastingthroughheadphonesaresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss.TheriseintrendissomethingthatresearchersandphysiciansattheUniversityofMichiganCresgoHearingResearchInstitutearehopingtoreverse,withthecocktailofvitaminsandthemineralmagnesium(鎂)thatshallpromiseasapossiblewaytopreventhearinglosscausedbyloudnoise.Thenutrientsweresuccessfulinlaboratorytests.Andnowresearchersaretestingwhetherhumanswillbenefitaswell.(22)ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesiumisgivenonpillformtopatientswhoareparticipatingintheresearch.DevelopedattheUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitute,themedication,calledOralQuell,isdesignedtobetakenbeforeapersonisexposedtotheloudnoise.Untiladecadeago,itwasthoughtthatnoisedamagedhearingbyintensemechanicalvibrationsthatdestroyeddelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.Therewasnointerventiontoprotecttheinnerearotherthanreducingtheintensityofsoundreachingit,suchasearplugswhicharenotalwayseffective.(23)Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells.Andthatallowsthediscoveryofinterventiontopreventtheseeffects.(24)Thelaboratoryresearchthatledtoanewunderstandingofmechanismsunderlyingnoise-inducedhearinglosswasfundedbyNIH,thePreclinicalTranslationResearchthatledtotheformulationofOralQuellaseffectivepreventativewasfundedbyGeneralMotorsandtheUnitedAutoWorkers.NowOralQuellisbeingtestedinasetoffourmultinationalhumanclinicaltrials:(25)militarytrialsinSwedenandSpain,andindustrialtrialsinSpainandthetrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFloridawholistentomusicathighvolumesontheiriPodsandotherPDAs.

21.Accordingtothetalk,howmanyvictimsofhearingproblemarethereintheUnitedStatesalone?

【解析】原文一開頭便提到：About10millionpeopleintheU.S.Alone…aresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss，即聽力受損的大約有1000萬人。

22.WhichdidUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitutedeveloptopreventhearingloss?

【解析】原文中說該研究采用的是“combinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesium”，選項(xiàng)B“維生素和鎂的混合藥”正確。

23.Accordingtothelatestfindings,whatdoesloudnoisedamage?

【解析】文中提到“Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells”，即噪音產(chǎn)生的原子能損害內(nèi)耳的細(xì)胞。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whosupportedthelabresearch?

【解析】題目問這一研究由誰支持，文中提到了NIH國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究所。

25.WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedasthemultinationalhumanclinicaltrialsforOralQuell?

【解析】題目問哪一個(gè)不屬于多國(guó)人類臨床試驗(yàn)，只有C選項(xiàng)與原文不一致。

9.單選題

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyreadlovinglettersfromthefamilies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。loving意為“愛的，充滿愛的”；sentimental意為“傷感的”；affectionate意為“深情的，摯愛的”；intimate意為“親密的，親近的”；sensitive意為“敏感的”。

句意：所有的海上石油探險(xiǎn)家在讀家里寄來的充滿愛的信件時(shí)都興高采烈。

10.翻譯題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscientistsbuttheirformandfunction,theirstructuresandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventorsandengineersusingnonscientificmodesofthought.

TillieOlsen'sfictionandessayshavebeenwidelyandrightlyacknowledgedasmajorcontributionstoAmericanliterature,andherworkhasbeenparticularlyvaluedbycontemporaryfeminists.

Thatsexratiowillbefavoredwhichmaximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.

Doctorsaremenwhoprescribemedicinesofwhichtheyknewlittle,tocurediseasesofwhichtheyknewless,inhumanbeingsofwhomtheyknewnothing.

Thiswasthedilemmaoftherottenrulingclasswhoseideologyhadbeendiscreditedandwhosepowerrestedonliesandbruteforce.

BeingbornfemaleandblackweretwohandicapsGwendolynBrooksstatesthatshefacedfromherbirth,in1917,inKansas.

Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.

Wemustcheektheconclusioninpractice,andshouldnotblindlyrelyonsuchaswasreachedmerelybycalculation.

Shewaswaitingforus,herfiguredefinedbythelightfromthehalf-openeddoor.

Americanswhowouldbepatriotsmusttrytolearnwhatitisthattheyhaveincommon,whatitisinthepublicthatisworthcherishingandpreserving;untiltheyknowthat,theirpatriotismwillhavenomorecontentthanabright,loudafternoonparade.

【答案】許多日常使用中的物品顯然受到了科學(xué)家的影響，但它們的形狀、功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工藝人員、設(shè)計(jì)師、發(fā)明者和工程師根據(jù)非科學(xué)的思維方式?jīng)Q定的。

TillieOlsen的小說和散文被公認(rèn)為對(duì)美國(guó)文學(xué)做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，她的作品尤其受到當(dāng)代女性主義者的重視。

該性別比例將有利于使個(gè)體后代的數(shù)量最大化，并因此使所傳遞的基因復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)量最大化。

醫(yī)生是指這樣的一種人，他們給完全不了解的病人開自己一無所知的藥物，治療自己一竅不通的疾病。

這就是腐朽的統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的進(jìn)退兩難的處境，他們的意識(shí)形態(tài)被抹黑了，他們的權(quán)力依賴于謊言和野蠻的力量。

1917年，GwendolynBrooks出生于堪薩斯州，她認(rèn)為自出生起就面臨著兩大困難——既是女性，又是黑人。

當(dāng)他瞥見一個(gè)潛在的對(duì)手時(shí)，他的本能就是用魅力和幽默來說服他。

我們必須在實(shí)踐中認(rèn)真對(duì)待這個(gè)結(jié)論，而不應(yīng)盲目地依賴那些僅僅是通過算計(jì)而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。

她正在等我們，半開的門里透出光亮，顯出她的身形。

想要成為愛國(guó)者的美國(guó)人必須努力了解他們有什么共同之處，公眾中有什么是值得珍惜和保護(hù)的東西；在知道這些之前，他們的愛國(guó)情懷無非是一場(chǎng)自我炫耀的下午游行而已。

11.單選題

Thetwogovernmentsarecompletelyin______onthequestionsofpreservingpeace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.accord

C.conversion

D.dissertation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)paradox“矛盾”，B項(xiàng)accord“符合，一致”，C項(xiàng)conversion“轉(zhuǎn)換”，D項(xiàng)dissertation“專題，論文”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息onthequestionsofpreservingpeace“在維護(hù)和平的問題上”，結(jié)合空格前面的in，可知填入accord符合語境，inaccord固定搭配，表示“符合，一致”。句意：兩國(guó)政府在維護(hù)和平的問題上意見完全一致。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Artistictechniquescan______thetheatricalperformancesandexpressions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.underwrite

B.underscore

C.underlie

D.underplay

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)underwrite“承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任，提供財(cái)力支持”，B項(xiàng)underscore“強(qiáng)調(diào)；劃線于……下”，C項(xiàng)underlie“成為……的基礎(chǔ)；位于……之下”，D項(xiàng)underplay“表演不充分；對(duì)……輕描淡寫”。根據(jù)句子意思“藝術(shù)技巧可以……戲劇表演和表達(dá)”，可推斷，空格處填入underscore“加強(qiáng)，突出”符合語境。句意：藝術(shù)技巧可以突出戲劇表演和表現(xiàn)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Chinawill___smokinginmostpublicplaceslaterthisyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ban

B.fight

C.against

D.object

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ban禁止；取締B.fight與……斗爭(zhēng)

C.against反對(duì)，違反（介詞）D.object提出……作為反對(duì)的理由；反對(duì)；拒絕

【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“反對(duì)”的意思。由空格處可知，空格前是助動(dòng)詞will，因此空格處填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。空格后接動(dòng)詞的ing形式。只有A選項(xiàng)ban“禁止”滿足這兩個(gè)條件。因此選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)fight加介詞加doingsth；

C選項(xiàng)against是介詞；

D選項(xiàng)object的用法是objectsth或objecttodoingsth。

以上選項(xiàng)均不搭配。

【句意】今年晚些時(shí)候，中國(guó)將在大部分公共場(chǎng)所禁煙。

14.單選題

Themanagertriedtowaveasidetheseissuesas______detailsthatwouldbesettledlater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.versatile

B.trivial

C.preliminary

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.versatile多才多藝的，有多種技能的B.trivial不重要的，瑣碎的

C.preliminary預(yù)備性的，初步的D.alternate交替的，輪流的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾details（細(xì)節(jié)），而后面的that引導(dǎo)的定語從句也是修飾details，根據(jù)從句內(nèi)容“以后再解決這些事”可推測(cè)，______details