考研考博-英語-山西職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

He（

）hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scrapped

B.screwed

C.scraped

D.scratched

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。scrap意為“廢棄，報(bào)廢”；screw意為“旋緊，擰緊”；scrape意為“刮，擦”；scratch意為“撓，搔，抓”。

句意：他撓他的頭，不知如何解決這個(gè)問題。

2.單選題

We'restill（

）thingshere,butIcan'tguaranteethesituationwillstaythatway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inmemoryof

B.insearchof

C.incontrolof

D.inneedof

【答案】C

【解析】A選項(xiàng)“紀(jì)念”；B選項(xiàng)“尋找，搜尋”；C選項(xiàng)“控制，管理”；D選項(xiàng)“需要”，根據(jù)句意‘我們?nèi)匀辉诳刂七@里的一切，但我不能保證這個(gè)情況會(huì)這樣持續(xù)下去’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Enthusiastsfromaroundtheworld（）onLeMansfortheannualcarrace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coverage

B.idiot

C.consume

D.converge

【答案】D

【解析】句意：來自世界各地的狂熱分子，因?yàn)槟甓荣愜嚤荣悾ǎ├彰?。coverage范圍，規(guī)模；idiot白癡；consume消耗，揮霍；converge集合，匯聚。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Theglasswareintheboxis（）;ithasgottobehandledwithcare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crunchy

B.fragile

C.brittle

D.crisp

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crunchy“易碎的，發(fā)出嘎吱嘎吱聲的”，通常有響聲的時(shí)候用，例如：Theleavescrunchedundermyfeet.（樹葉在我腳下嘎吱作響。）B選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的，易碎的”常常修飾使用時(shí)必須小心才不會(huì)破碎的東西，也引申為體弱的，虛弱的，例如：Becarefulwiththatvase–itisveryfragile.（拿那只花瓶要小心——它很容易碎。），He’sfeelingabitfragileafterlastnight'sparty.（他參加了昨晚的聚會(huì)以后，現(xiàn)在感覺有些虛弱。）C選項(xiàng)brittle“易碎的，脆弱的，易生氣的”，指沒有彈性或伸縮性的脆性材料，暗示受壓或被扭曲時(shí)易碎，例如：Asyougetolderyourbonesbecomeincreasinglybrittle.（隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，人的骨頭變得越來越脆。）D選項(xiàng)crisp“脆的，新鮮的，易碎的”，指食物炸的很酥脆，例如：Bakeuntilthepastryisgoldenandcrisp.（把油酥糕點(diǎn)烤至金黃酥脆。）句意：箱子里的玻璃器皿易碎，需要輕拿輕放。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Drivingveryfastonarainynightisnot（

）withsafety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persistent

B.consistent

C.insistent

D.existent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與搭配用法。A選項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的；堅(jiān)持不懈的；持續(xù)的”；B選項(xiàng)consistent“一致的；始終如一的；堅(jiān)持的”；C選項(xiàng)insistent“堅(jiān)持的；迫切的；顯著的；引人注目的”；D選項(xiàng)existent“現(xiàn)存的；生存的”。句意：在雨夜開快車是不安全的?？崭窈笥衱ith，選項(xiàng)中只有consistentwith表示“符合，一致”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thewizenedoldmaninthehomefortheagedwasstillactiveandenergetic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tractable

B.textured

C.adept

D.shriveled

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tractable“易于管教的；易駕馭的；易處理的；馴良的”；B選項(xiàng)textured“起紋理的；質(zhì)地不平的；（藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、音樂等）有神韻的”；C選項(xiàng)adept“熟練的；擅長(zhǎng)……的”；D選項(xiàng)shriveled“枯萎的”。句意：敬老院里那位干癟的老人依然精神抖擻。wizened“干癟的；枯萎的；消瘦的”。D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

OnJanuary,11th,2009,aremarkablelegalcaseopensinaSanFranciscocourtroom—onitsway,itseemsalmostcertain,totheSupremeCourt.Perryv.SchwarzeneggerchallengestheconstitutionalityofProposition8,theCaliforniareferendumthat,inNovember,2008,overturnedaStateSupremeCourtdecisionallowingsame-sexcouplestomarry.Itsleadlawyersareunlikelyallies:TheodoreB.Olson,theformersolicitorgeneralunderPresidentGeorgeW.Bush,andaprominentconservative;andDavidBoies,theDemocratictriallawyerwhowashisopposingcounselinBushv.Gore.Thetwoaremountinganambitiouscasethatpointedlycircumventstheincremental,narrowlycraftedlegalgambitsandthecarefulstate-by-statestrategythatleadinggay-rightsorganizationshavechampionedinthefightformarriageequality.TheOlsonBoiesteamhopesforarulingthatwilltransformthelegalandsociallandscapenationwide,somethingontheorderofBrownv.BoardofEducationin1954,orLovingv.Virginiathelandmark1967SupremeCourtrulingthatinvalidatedlawsprohibitinginterracialmarriage.

Olson’sinterestinthiscasehaspuzzledquiteafewpeople.What’sinitforhim?Ishesincere?DoeshereallythinkhecanswaythecurrentCourse?ButwhenIspokewithOlson,whoissixty-nine,inearlyDecember,hesoundedconfidentandimpassioned;thecaseclearlyfascinatedhimbothasanintellectualchallengeandasawaytomakehistory.“Thelovingcasewasforty-twoyearsago.”hesaid,perchedontheedgeofhischairinthelawofficesofGibson,Dunn&CrutcherinWashingtonDC,whereheisapartner,“It’sinconceivabletoustheredaystosaythatacoupleofadifferentracialbackgroundcan’tgetmarried.”O(jiān)lsonworeabrightlystripedshirtandapaisleytie,withoutajacket;therewassomethingfolksyinhisspeech,whichremindedmethathe’saWesterner,whogrewupandwaseducatedinNorthernCalifornia.Hesaid,“Separateisnotequal.Civilunionsanddomesticpartnershipsarenotthesameasmarriage.We’renotinventinganynewright,orcreatinganewright,oraskingthecourtstorecognizeanewright.TheSupremeCourthassaidoverandoverandoveragainthatmarriagesisafundamentalrightandalthoughouropponentssay,‘Well,that’salwaysbeeninvolvingamanandawoman.’WhentheSupremeCourthastalkedaboutitthey’vesaidit’sanassociationalright,it’salibertyright,it’saprivacyright,andit’sanexpressionofyouridentity,whichisallwrappedupintheConstitution.”TheJusticesoftheSupremeCourt,Olsonsaid,“areindividualswhowillconsiderthisseriously,andgiveitgoodattention,”andhewasoptimisticthathecouldpersuadethem.(ThelosingsideinSanFranciscowilllikelyappealtotheNinthCircuit,andfromtherethecasecouldproceedtotheSupremeCourt.)Olson’sself-assurancehasasoundbasis:hehasarguedfifty-sixcasesbeforethehighcourt—hewasoneofthebusiestlawyersbeforetheSupremeCourtbenchlastyear—andprevailedinforty-fourofthem.JusticesSandraDayO’ConnorandAnthonyKennedyattendedhisweddingthreeyearsago,inNapa.Olsonsaidthathewantedthegay-marriagecasetobea“teachingopportunity,sopeoplewilllistentoustalkabouttheimportanceoftreatingpeoplewithdignityandrespectandequalityandaffectionandloveandtostopdiscriminatingagainstpeopleonthebasisofsexualorientation”.

IfthePerrycasesucceedsbeforetheSupremeCourt,itcouldmeanthatgaymarriagewouldbepermittednotonlyinCaliforniabutineverystate.And,iftheCourtrecognizedhomosexualsasindistinguishablefromheterosexualsforthepurposesofmarriagelaw,itwouldbehard,ifnotimpossible,toupholdanyotherlawsthatdiscriminatedagainstpeopleonthebasisofsexualorientation.

However,alossforOlsonandBoiescouldbeamajorsetbacktothemovementformarriageequality.SoonafterOlsonandBoiesfiledthecase,lastMay,someleadinggay-rightsorganizations—amongthemtheA.C.L.U.,HumanRightsCampaign,LambdaLegal,andtheNationalCenterforlesbianRights—issuedastatementcondemningsuchefforts.Theoddsofsuccessforasuitweren’tgood,thegroupssaid,becausethe“SupremeCourttypicallydoesnotgettoofaraheadofeitherpublicopinionorthelawinthemajorityofstates.”Thelegalprecedentthatthesegroupswerefocusedonwasn’tLovingv.Virginiabut,rather,Bowersv.Hardwick,the1936SupremeCourtdecisionthatstunnedgay-rightsadvocatesbyupholdingGeorgia’santiquatedlawagainstsodomy.ItwasseventeenyearsbeforetheCourtwaswillingtorevisittheissue,inLawrencev.Texas,thoughbythenonlythirteenstatesstillhadanti-sodomystatutes;thistime,theCourtoverturnedthelaws,witha6-3voteandanacerbicdissentfromJusticeAntoninScalia,whodeclaredthattheCourthadaligneditselfwiththe“homosexualagenda,”adding,“ManyAmericansdonotwantpersonswhoopenlyengageinhomosexualconductaspartnersintheirbusiness,asscoutmastersfortheirchildren,asteachersintheirchildren’sschools,orasboardersintheirhome.Theyviewthisasprotectingthemselvesandtheirfamiliesfromalifestylethattheybelievetobeimmoralanddestructive.”

Seventeenyearswasalongtimetowait.“Alossnowmaymakeithardertogotocourtlater,”theactivists’statementread.“ItwilltakeusalotlongertogetagoodSupremeCourtdecisioniftheCourthastooverruleitself.”Besides,thegroupsargued,“WelosttherighttomarryinCaliforniaattheballotbox.That’swhereweneedtowinitback.”Plentyofgay-marriagesupportersagreedthatitwassmartertowaituntilthemovementhadbeensuccessfulinmorestates—and,possibly,thecompositionoftheSupremeCourthadshifted.(DuringthelastyearofasecondObamaterm,Scaliawouldbeeighty-one.)

1.ThefirstsentenceofParagraph1means（）.

2.Theword“unlikely”inthesentence“ItsleadlawyersareunlikelyalliesofParagraph1means（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.Someleadinggay-rightsorganizationsdidnotsupportthecasebecause（）.

5.Themostsuitabletitleofthepassagewouldbe（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theSanFranciscocourtcannotmakethefinaldecision

B.onlytheSupremeCourthastheauthoritytorulefororagainstthecase

C.it’sveryhardtowinthecaseforsame-sexmarriageintheSanFranciscocourtandprobablytheywouldhavetofieldthecaseintheSupremeCourt

D.theywouldcertainlywinthecaseforsame-sexmarriageintheSupremeCourt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.dissimilar

B.unreliable

C.unimaginable

D.unthinkable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theodore

B.OlsonwasconfidentaboutthecasebecausetheSupremeCourtonceinvalidatedlawsprohibitinginterracialmarriage.B.TheSupremeCourthassaidoverandoverandoveragainthatmarriageisafundamentalright，whichshouldberespected.

C.Therightforsame-sexmarriagehasbeenwoninotherstatesexceptforCalifornia.

D.Thereareotherlawsthatdiscriminatedagainstpeopleonthebasisofsexualorientation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itwasimpossibletowinthecase

B.theywouldhavetowaitforlongerifthecasewaslostthistimeasit’shardforthesupremeCourttooverruleitself

C.theydidnotbelievetheabilityoftheleadinglawyers

D.unlikeinterracialmarriageit’shardertogetsupportforsame-sexmarriage?

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ARiskyProposal

B.GayMarriageNo

C.AmonumentalMovement

D.FightforEqualRights

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章第一段第一句提到同性婚姻的案件很有可能（almostcertain）提交到最高法院,說明之前這類的案件在下一級(jí)的法庭審理過，但是沒有勝訴。所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:參與此案件的兩位律師TheodoreB.Olson和DavidBoies分別是共和黨和民主黨派人士，按照常理來推斷這兩位政見完全不同的人是不可能為了同一個(gè)目的而統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線的，所以用了unlikely來說明這個(gè)組合是多么讓人難以想象。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:文章第三段第一句IfthePerrycasesucceedsbeforetheSupremeCourt,itcouldmeanthatgaymarriagewouldbepermittednotonlyinCaliforniabutineverystate提到同性結(jié)婚只有在加利福尼亞是合法的，在其他州還沒有合法，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第4題:文章倒數(shù)第二段Theoddsofsuccessforasuitweren’tgood,thegroupssaid,becausethe“SupremeCourttypicallydoesnotgettoofaraheadofeitherpublicopinionorthelawinthemajorityofstates.”提到這些支持同性戀的機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為這次訴訟的勝算很小，因?yàn)樽罡叻ㄔ簳?huì)尊重大眾的意見和大部分州的意見，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第5題:文章主要講述了各方，包括律師、同性戀組織等對(duì)這次案件勝算的預(yù)計(jì)，盡管以O(shè)lson為代表的律師對(duì)這次案件很有信心，但是從后文可以看出這是場(chǎng)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的訴訟，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Whenthefireisoutandthe（）areglowing,it’stimetocallitanight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.halos

B.embers

C.ashes

D.fragments

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)halos“光暈，光環(huán)，色圈”；B選項(xiàng)embers“余燼，余火”；C選項(xiàng)ashes“骨灰，灰燼”；D選項(xiàng)fragments“碎片，片段；分裂”。句意：當(dāng)火焰熄滅，（）閃光，是時(shí)候收工了。fireisout和embers“余燼，余火”相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Itisverykindofyoutooffer,butanymorepuddingwouldsimplybe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptional

B.excessive

C.abundant

D.ample

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional"例外的;異常的";excessive"過多的;極度的";abundant"豐富的,多產(chǎn)的";ample"豐富的,足夠的"。句意：你給的剛剛好,再多一點(diǎn)布丁都顯得太過分了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

Shedecidedto____inthehistorycourseatthelocaleveningschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enter

B.enroll

C.attend

D.register

【答案】B

【解析】

【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enter進(jìn)來；進(jìn)去B.enroll登記；報(bào)名

C.attend出席；參加D.register登記；注冊(cè)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：她決定在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊剐！瓪v史課。根據(jù)句意，可以推測(cè)她應(yīng)該是在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊剐?bào)名上歷史課。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)enter“進(jìn)來；進(jìn)去”，指進(jìn)入或進(jìn)入某事物，不符合語境；

C選項(xiàng)attend“出席；參加”，指出席某一事件，不符合語境；

D選項(xiàng)register“登記；注冊(cè)”，指把你/某人/某物的名字記在正式的名單上，不符合語境。

【句意】她決定報(bào)名當(dāng)?shù)匾剐５臍v史課程。

11.單選題

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007，herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes，”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor，“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything，”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth（

）.

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook（

）.

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle（

）

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat（

）.

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段提到了為證實(shí)友誼對(duì)健康的益處所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(總的來說，友誼在我們生活中的作用并沒有得到重視)。故選C:長(zhǎng)期以來被科學(xué)家忽視,盡管在過去一些年中有做一些相關(guān)研究。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(幾乎在每一章中，友誼對(duì)他們健康和福祉的作用都是顯而易見的)。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(雖然許多對(duì)友誼的研究關(guān)注的是女性之間的親密關(guān)系，但一些研究表明，男性也可以從中受益),故選D。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo認(rèn)為在許多研究中，友誼對(duì)健康的影響比配偶或家庭成員更大)。故選B:對(duì)于健康而言,朋友可能比有親戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判斷題。第六段講的是友誼對(duì)于健康的益處。

12.單選題

Manywomenstillfeelthattheyarebeing（）byamaleculture,particularlyintheprofessionalservicessector.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heldback

B.heldforth

C.heldon

D.heldout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)heldback“阻礙”；B選項(xiàng)heldforth“提供”；C選項(xiàng)heldon“堅(jiān)持”；D選項(xiàng)heldout“伸出”。句意：許多女性仍然感到男性文化阻礙了她們的發(fā)展，尤其是在專業(yè)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域。本句表示男性文化阻礙了女性的發(fā)展，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly（）familiaritywithtechnology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inquestof

B.bymeansof

C.intermsof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】C

【解析】句意:年輕人對(duì)立體音響的偏愛不能僅僅用對(duì)技術(shù)的熟悉來解釋

考查短語辨析。inquestof探尋；尋求；bymeansof用；憑借；intermsof

依據(jù)；在…方面；從…角度來；byvirtueof由于；憑借。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Mostenvironmental______—fromclimatechangestofreshwaterandforesthabitatloss—havebecomemarkedlyworse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.symptoms

B.highlights

C.indicators

D.symbols

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.symptoms癥狀；征兆B.highlights最好（或最精彩、最激動(dòng)人心）的部分

C.indicators指示信號(hào)D.symbols象征；符號(hào)

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格后用了破折號(hào)，說明破折號(hào)的內(nèi)容是補(bǔ)充解釋空格處所要填的名詞，根據(jù)破折號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容“從氣候變化到淡水和森林棲息地的喪失”可知，這是環(huán)境惡化的征兆，故空格處表示“征兆”，該題選擇A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】大多數(shù)環(huán)境癥狀——從氣候變化到淡水和森林棲息地的喪失——已經(jīng)明顯惡化。

15.翻譯題

Indubitablythevastmajorityofbooksoverlaponeanother.Fewindeedarethosewhichgivetheimpressionoforiginality,eitherinstyleorincontent.Rarearetheuniquebooks—lessthan50,perhaps,outofthewholestorehouseofliterature.Inoneofhisrecentauto-biographicalnovels,BlaiseCendrarspointsoutthatRemydeGourmont,becauseofhisknowledgeandawarenessofthisrepetitivequalityinbooks,wasabletoselectandreadallthatisworthwhileintheentirerealmofliterature.Cendrarshimself—whowouldsuspectit?—isaprodigiousreader.Hereadsmostauthorsintheiroriginaltongue.Notonlythat,butwhenhelikesanauthorhereadseverylastbookthemanhaswritten,aswellashislettersandallthebooksthathavebeenwrittenabouthim.Inourdayhiscaseisalmostunparalleled,Iimagine.For,notonlyhashereadwidelyanddeeply,buthehashimselfwrittenagreatmanybooks.Allontheside,asitwere.For,ifheisanything,Cendrars,heisamanofaction,anadventurerandexplorer,amanwhohasknownhowto“waste”histimeroyally.Heis,inasense,theJuliusCaesarofliterature.

【答案】不容置疑的是，大多數(shù)書都互相重復(fù)，在文體或內(nèi)容上讓人感到具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的書實(shí)在是少之又少。在整個(gè)文學(xué)庫(kù)藏中，只有極少數(shù)作品——或許不到50本——是獨(dú)具一格的。在最近出版的一部自傳體小說中，布萊斯?桑德拉爾指出，古爾蒙之所以能夠選擇并通讀文學(xué)領(lǐng)域中一切值得讀的書籍，就是因?yàn)樗R(shí)淵博，并且了解書的這種重復(fù)性。桑德拉爾本人就是一個(gè)博覽群書的人，沒有人會(huì)懷疑這一點(diǎn)。他閱讀了大部分作家的原作。不僅如此，一旦他喜歡上一個(gè)作家，他就會(huì)閱讀這個(gè)作家寫的每一本書，包括他的書信以及所有有關(guān)他的書籍。我猜想，在當(dāng)今世界上，幾乎沒有人能像他一樣，不僅讀得廣、讀得精，而且還著述頗豐?？梢哉f這一切都是在業(yè)余時(shí)間完成的。因?yàn)樯５吕瓲柺且粋€(gè)十足的行動(dòng)家，一個(gè)四處跋涉的冒險(xiǎn)家和探險(xiǎn)家，一個(gè)懂得如何“肆意浪費(fèi)”時(shí)間的人。從某種意義上說，他是文學(xué)界的凱撒大帝。

16.單選題

Parentswithonlyonechildtendtohavehigheracademic（）fortheirchild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambitions

B.intentions

C.propositions

D.aspirations

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。ambition“野心”；intention“目的”；proposition“提議”；aspiration“抱負(fù)”。句意：只有一個(gè)孩子的父母對(duì)他們孩子的學(xué)業(yè)有更高的期望。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,________moveaboutfreely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。aswellas“也”；disregardfor“忽視”；letalone“更不必說，聽任”；notmentioning“沒有提及”。句意：乘客們像沙丁魚一樣擠在充滿汗臭、幽閉恐怖的地鐵車廂里，幾乎無法呼吸，更無法自由活動(dòng)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Onweekendsmygrandmausually（）aglassofwine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subscribesto

B.engagesin

C.indulgesin

D.hangson

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)subscribeto“訂閱；同意；捐款”；B選項(xiàng)engagein“從事于”；C選項(xiàng)indulgein“沉湎于”；D選項(xiàng)hangon“堅(jiān)持下去；不掛斷”。句意：周末我奶奶通常……一杯酒。能與“一杯酒”搭配的只有C選項(xiàng)“沉湎于”。

19.單選題

Itisa（

）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.debate

B.dispute

C.dilemma

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)debate“辯論，討論”；B選項(xiàng)dispute“辯論，爭(zhēng)吵”；C選項(xiàng)dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難”；D選項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：在如此富裕的國(guó)家竟然有那么多窮人，這是一個(gè)多么矛盾的事情。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

20.單選題

Canyouimagine!Heofferedme5000tobreakmycontract.That’s（）.OfcourseIdidn’tagree.Iwouldtakelegalaction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fraud

B.blackmail

C.bribery

D.compensation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fraud“欺騙，欺詐”；B選項(xiàng)blackmail“勒索”；C選項(xiàng)bribery“賄賂”；D選項(xiàng)compensation“補(bǔ)償，賠償”。句意：你能想象嘛!他提出給我五千美元來違約，這是賄賂行為，我當(dāng)然不會(huì)同意，我將采取法律手段。結(jié)合句意，選C。

21.單選題

Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarelyoffersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanewform.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.Whattheydoistolookatfamiliarconditionsformaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmfuloraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.DonQuixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd;BraveNewWorldridiculesthepretensionsofscience;AModestproposaldramatizedstarvationbyadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasisoriginal.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldousHuxleyandpeoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwift.Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideasthatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpression,thesatiricmethodthatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruouscombinationandspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.

Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Satireservestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruth,thoughrarelytoanyactiononbehalfoftruth.Satiretendstoremindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaissanctimonious,sentimental,andonlypartiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegreethepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheirlivestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknowthesethingsbuttendtoforgetthemwhentheydonothearthemexpressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinsatireliterature?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thereisaneedforsatirebecausepeopleneedtobe（

）.

4.Asaresultofreadingsatiricliterature,readerwillbemostlikelyto（

）.

5.ThevariouspurposedofsatireincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Difficultiesofwritingsatiricliterature.

B.Populartopicsofsatire.

C.Newphilosophiesemergingfromsatiricliterature.

D.Reasonsforthepopularityofsatire.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Newlyemergingphilosophies.

B.Oddcombinationsofobjectsandideas.

C.Abstractdiscussionofmoralandethnics.

D.Wholesomecharacterswhoareunselfish.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.informedaboutnewscientificdevelopments

B.exposedtooriginalphilosophieswhentheyareformulated

C.remindedthatpopularideasareofteninaccurate

D.toldhowtheycanbeofservicetotheircommunities

問題4選項(xiàng)