考研考博-英語-咸寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-咸寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theunfortunatedeathofthegeniuspoetcaused（）losstothiscountry.

問題1選項

A.priceless

B.countless

C.incalculable

D.imaginable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項priceless“無價的”；B選項countess“無數(shù)的，數(shù)不盡的”；C選項incalculable“不可計算的”；D選項imaginable“可想象的”。句意：那位天才詩人的不幸死亡給國家?guī)砹瞬豢捎嬎愕膿p失。結(jié)合句意，只有C選項符合。

2.單選題

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

問題1選項

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。turbulent“動蕩，湍流的”；tragic“悲劇的，悲痛的”；vulnerable“易受攻擊的”；suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。句意：謠言到處都是,恐懼蔓延,損害的聲譽(yù),并讓平靜的情形陷入動蕩中。A項符合題意。

3.單選題

IhadadoptedtwoEuropeanclubsasmyown,watchedtheirgameseveryweekend,wastedworkhoursreadingblogsaboutthem,emotionallyinvestedmyselfintheirtravails.

問題1選項

A.exertions

B.gritties

C.emulations

D.stretches

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項exertion“發(fā)揮；運(yùn)用；努力”；B選項gritty“堅韌不拔；多沙”；C選項emulation“仿真（效）（技術(shù)）；模仿（擬）；競爭；效法”；D選項stretches“一片；一泓；一段；（連續(xù)的）一段時間；服刑期”。句意：我接納了兩家歐洲俱樂部，每個周末都觀看他們的比賽，把工作時間浪費(fèi)在閱讀有關(guān)他們的博客上，全身心地投入到他們的苦戰(zhàn)中。travail“艱苦勞動；煎熬，痛苦，艱辛”，B選項與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項正確。

4.寫作題

Directions:Somepeoplesaythatthebestpreparationforlifeislearningtobecooperative.Otherstaketheoppositeviewandsaythatlearningtobecompetitiveisthebestpreparation,Tellwhichoneyouagreewithandexplainwhy,Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldgivespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourposition.WritetheessayontheAnswerSheetonly.

【答案】Whichismoreimportanttoone'ssuccesscooperativeorcompetitive?Forsuchquestions,differentpeoplehavedifferentviews.Butinmyconception,Iguesscooperationismorevitalthancompetitive.

Firstly,cooperationisourhumanbeingsintrinsicmotive.Whenhumanbeingscouldbecalled"humanbeings"whoaredifferentwithanimals,cooperationisoneofthemostimportantfactorsforourevolution.Wehavewiserbrainthananyothercreaturesonthisplanetbecauseweknowhowtoachieveourgoalthroughteamwork.Wecouldsaythatwithoutcooperation,maybewearestillliveinStone-era.

Secondly,inmodernsociety,wearefacingmoreandmoresophisticationinsocialdivisionoflabor.TheTVsetwhichisverycommontoeverybodyofusismadeupofthousandsofsparepartswhichmaybemadeinhundredsoffactory.Thecar,thecomputer,eventhesewingmachineandfruitknifeisverycomplicatedduringthemanufactureprocedure.Similarlyatoneworkshop,asmallmemberteam,evenwifeandhusband,weneedtobecooperativewitheachother.

Thirdly,wemakepreparationforsuccess,wehavetobecooperative.Inmodernmanagementpointsofview,cooperationandinter-dependenceareelites.Wearealwaysemphasizing"synergy"whichmeans1+1morethan2.Cooperationisthematchwhichcouldlightenfire.Cooperationisthekeywhichcouldopenthedoorofsuccess.

However,likeacoinhastwosides,wecannotoverlooktheeffectiveandpositiveinfluenceofcompetition.Cooperation,thencompetition,Ithink,istherightway.

5.單選題

Diamondshavelittle（

）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

問題1選項

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】extinct滅絕的，絕種的；permanent永久的，不變的；surplus剩余的，過剩的；intrinsic本質(zhì)的，固有的。句意：鉆石本身沒有什么價值，它們的價格幾乎完全取決于它們的稀缺性。選項D符合句意。

6.單選題

Geneticallymodifiedcropsareeverywhere.ItseemseveninEurope,strictlawsdesignedtokeeptheEuropeanUnionfreeofGMcropsarenotworking,insteadareposingproblemsfortheEU:Farmers’srepresentativessaythatsuppliesofanimalfeedforpoultryandpigsarebeingrefusedentryatEuropeanportswhenfoundtocontaineventraceamountsofGMmaterial.

UnderEurope’s“zero-tolerance”lawsonGM,introducedin2007,thepresenceofevenafewseedsofGMmaterialwillruleoutanentireshipment.TheanimalfeedindustrysaysthelawsareunworkablebecauseGMmaterialisalmostunavoidable,giventoday’sglobalsupplychain.“ThoughweunderstandtheconsumerconcerninEurope,wedon'tunderstandzerotolerancebecauseitclosesdowntrade.”saysPekkaPesonen,secretarygeneralofCopa-Cogeca,afederationofgroupsrepresenting15millionEUfarmersintotal.HeclaimsthatEuropeanpigandpoultryfarmerswillgooutofbusinessunlesstheEUadoptsamorepracticalcheckingapproachbysettingastandard―say0.5percent—beneathwhichGMistolerated.Pesonensayssuch“tolerances”operateforotherpollution,includingpesticidesandheavymetals.SowhynotforGMmaterial,muchofwhichhasbeenclearedforhumanconsumptionelsewhereintheworld?

Lastyear200,000tonsofconventionalanimalfeed―mainlysoyandcom―wererefusedentrytotheEUwhentheywerefoundtocontainsmallamountsofGMcomvarieties.ThenflaxfromCanadawasfoundtocontaintracesofaGMvarietynamedCDCTriffidthatwaswithdrawnfromcommercialsalein2001.Followingaprohibitiononflaxmorethan100shipmentswererejected,buttradeisslowlyresuming.Therejectedtonnagesisonlyasmallpartofthe32milliontonsoffeedimportedeachyear.Butitleadstodelaystosubsequentcontracts,higherpricesandreluctancebyimporterstoriskfurthershipments.

Priceswillbehigherstillthisyear,saysPesonen.owingtonaturaldisasterinSouthAmericaandagrowingmarketforAmericanfarmerssellingcropstoAsia,whichacceptsmixedshipments.IncreasingnumbersofGMcropvarietiesareontheway.Atpresent,around30varietiesaregrownaroundtheworld,blitthatispredictedtodoubletwiceby2015.makingscreeningmoredifficultthanever.

AfurtherconflictarisesbecausealltheEuropeanofficialsareduetobereplacedinFebruary.Aspokeswomanforthehealthcommission,whichintroducedthezero-tolerancepolicytosatisfywidespreadquestioningsinEuropeaboutthesafetyofGMcrops,saysthatintensivediscussiononfeedimportshavealreadytakenplace.“Oncethenewcommissionisestablished,itwillhavetoconsiderhowtoproceedonthismatter.”shesays.

1.EuropeanlawsagainstGMproducts（

）.

2.Takingtoday’sglobalsupplychainintoaccount,theanimalfeedindustrythinksthat

（

）.

3.WhatisEuropeanfarmers’attitudetoGMaccordingtoPekkaPesonen?

4.Aftersomeshipmentsarerefusedtobeimported,

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whydidthehealthcommissionintroducethezero-tolerancepolicy?

問題1選項

A.managetofunctionwell

B.bringtroublestofarmers

C.helpfarmersalot

D.allowfoodwithGMmaterial

問題2選項

A.GMmaterialispossibletobeprevented

B.Europeanlawsareimpractical

C.Onlytheinternationalsupplychaincanwork

D.GoodsshouldbeprohibitedonceanyGMstuffisfound

問題3選項

A.Theythinkit’sreasonableforpeopletoworryaboutGM’sinfluence.

B.Theythinkit’sunderstandabletosetanabsolutelimitonGMproducts.

C.TheywillbebrokenifEUhelpthemtolimitGMeffect.

D.Theythink0.5percentistoohighastandard.

問題4選項

A.Tradeisgoingdownalltheway

B.Peoplestillsigntradeontime

C.Goodsaregettingmoreexpensive

D.Merchantstryriskingtradingagain

問題5選項

A.BecausetheEuropeanofficialsaretobereplaced

B.Becausethepolicyistheresultoftheintensivediscussion.

C.BecauseitwantstoeliminatethedoubtsabouttheGMcrops’safety.

D.BecausethepriceofGMcropsisveryhigh.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容：歐洲2007年出臺了關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因的“零容忍”法律。動物飼料行業(yè)說，這些法律是行不通的。Copa-Cogeca組織的秘書長PekkaPesonen說：“歐洲的養(yǎng)豬戶和家禽養(yǎng)殖戶將會破產(chǎn)，除非歐盟采取一種更實(shí)際的檢查方法，設(shè)定一個可以容忍轉(zhuǎn)基因的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，比如0.5%。”由此可推斷，這一法律給農(nóng)民帶來了麻煩，所以選項B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“TheanimalfeedindustrysaysthelawsareunworkablebecauseGMmaterialisalmostunavoidable,giventoday’sglobalsupplychain.動物飼料行業(yè)說，這些法律是行不通的，因為考慮到當(dāng)今的全球供應(yīng)鏈，轉(zhuǎn)基因物質(zhì)幾乎是不可避免的?！边x項B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“PekkaPesonen”定位到第二段的內(nèi)容“ThoughweunderstandtheconsumerconcerninEurope,wedon'tunderstandzerotolerancebecauseitclosesdowntrade.盡管我們理解歐洲消費(fèi)者的擔(dān)憂，但我們不理解零容忍，因為它關(guān)閉了貿(mào)易?！庇纱丝芍?，歐洲農(nóng)民認(rèn)為人們擔(dān)心轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品的影響是合理的。選項A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Therejectedtonnagesisonlyasmallpartofthe32milliontonsoffeedimportedeachyear.Butitleadstodelaystosubsequentcontracts,higherpricesandreluctancebyimporterstoriskfurthershipments.被拒絕的噸數(shù)只是每年進(jìn)口的3200萬噸飼料的一小部分。但這導(dǎo)致隨后的合同延期、價格上漲以及進(jìn)口商不愿冒進(jìn)一步發(fā)貨的風(fēng)險。”由此可知，選項C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“...introducedthezero-tolerancepolicytosatisfywidespreadquestioningsinEuropeaboutthesafetyofGMcrops...（委員會）推出零容忍政策，以滿足歐洲對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物安全性的普遍質(zhì)疑”。選項C符合原文。

7.單選題

Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.

問題1選項

A.trite

B.haggard

C.poundage

D.sighted

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項trite“陳腐的，平庸的，老一套的”；B選項haggard“憔悴的，野性的，（鷹）未馴服的”；C選項poundage“按每磅收取的手續(xù)費(fèi)或稅金，磅重總數(shù)”；D選項sighted“有視力的，不盲的”。句意：是的，這是一個陳詞濫調(diào)，但政治是可能的藝術(shù)。Hackneyed“陳腐的，平庸的”，A選項與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome5060millionyearsago.ItsTertiarylavasoftheAntrimPlateau,coveringsome3,800sqkm,representthelargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

TheCausewayisamassofbasaltcolumnspackedtightlytogether.Thetopsofthecolumnsformsteppingstonesthatleadfromtheclifffootanddisappearunderthesea.Altogetherthereare40,000ofthesestonecolumns,mostlyhexagonal,butsomearequadrangular,pentagonal,heptagonalandoctagonal.Thetallestateabout40feethigh,andthesolidifiedlavainthecliffsis90feetthickinplaces.

AfinecircularwalkwilltakeyoudowntotheGiant’sCauseway,pastamphitheatresofstonecolumnsandformationswithfancifulnamesliketheHoneycomb,theWishingWell,andtheGiant’sGranny,pastawoodenstaircasetoBenbaneHead,andbackalongthecliff-top.Furtherdownthecoast,thestunningCarrick-a-rederopebridgespansagapingchasmbetweenthecoastandasmallislandusedbyfishermen.Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge―andisnotforthefaint-hearted!

TheGiant’sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.

MoyleDistrictCouncil’sCausewayVisitorCentreisopendailyallyearroundandlocatedontheclifftop1kmfromthesite.TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant’sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory,andhighlightsthemanyotherattractionsoftheCausewayCoastandGlensofAntrimarea.

50.TheGiant’sCausewaywascreatedby______.

51.ThelastsentenceinParagraph3impliesthatthetripontheswingingbridgeisquite______.

52.WhichoftheGiant’sCauseway’sfeaturesbestfitswiththecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention?

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheGiant’sCauseway?

問題1選項

A.theancientIrishpeople

B.thegiantFinnMcCool

C.thevolcanicactivities

D.thedriftoflavaplateau

問題2選項

A.inviting

B.intimidating

C.eye-opening

D.heart-breaking

問題3選項

A.Itsunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformations.

B.Itsamphitheatreswithfancilynamedstonecolumns.

C.ItslargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

D.Itsswingingropebridgebetweenthecoastandalittleisle.

問題4選項

A.Itprovidesvisitorsgrandandbreath-takingviews.

B.ItisasourceofliteraryinspirationfortheancientIrish.

C.Itservesasanexcellentpieceofmaterialforscientificresearch.

D.ItdwarfsmanyotherWorldHeritageSitesinEurope.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】50.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“巨人之路是由……創(chuàng)造的”。根據(jù)文章第一句ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.（潛伏在陸地盡頭、荒涼的海堤下的巨人之路，肯定讓古代愛爾蘭人感到驚奇，他們隨后受到啟發(fā)并創(chuàng)造了有關(guān)它的建造者的傳說，即巨人芬恩麥庫爾）和第二句TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome5060millionyearsago.（堤道海岸有著無與倫比的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造，代表了約5億6千萬年前第三紀(jì)早期的火山活動），以及第四段中的TheGiant’sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSite…itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures（巨人之路和堤道海岸于1986年被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄……它是一個杰出的例子，代表了地球歷史的主要階段，包括生命的記錄：在地形發(fā)展中的重要的持續(xù)地質(zhì)過程，以及重要的地貌和地貌特征），可知，巨人之路的創(chuàng)造是由于火山的活動而產(chǎn)生了持續(xù)的地質(zhì)過程，從而形成巨人之路，所以C項“火山活動”正確。A項“古代愛爾蘭人”錯誤；D項“熔巖高原的漂移”中的“漂移”文中沒有提及；B項“巨人芬恩麥庫爾”為干擾項，文章第一句說到了legend（神話），可知巨人之路是由巨人芬恩麥庫爾創(chuàng)造的并不是真實(shí)發(fā)生的事情，而是愛爾蘭人們?yōu)榱私忉屵@一現(xiàn)象而創(chuàng)造出來的神話，該項不選。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

51.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第三段的最后一句話暗示了在搖擺橋上的旅行是相當(dāng)……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge―andisnotforthefaint-hearted!（可以通過80英尺落差的搖擺橋，膽小的人可不行?。?，由最后的faint-hearted（怯懦的，膽怯的）就可以推知，搖擺橋是令人害怕的，B項“令人生畏的”正確。A項“誘人的，有魅力的”、C項“使人開眼界的”和D項“心碎的”都不正確。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

52.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“巨人之路的哪一個特征最符合世界遺產(chǎn)公約的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.（該遺址具有突出的普世價值，符合《世界遺產(chǎn)公約》規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。也就是說，它是一個杰出的例子，代表了地球歷史的主要階段，包括生命的記錄：在地形發(fā)展中的重要的持續(xù)地質(zhì)過程，以及重要的地貌和地貌特征；此外，它還包含了最高的自然現(xiàn)象和特殊的自然美和美學(xué)重要性的領(lǐng)域。），可知巨人之路的持續(xù)地質(zhì)過程、重要的地貌和地貌特征以及自然現(xiàn)象和自然美是最符合世界遺產(chǎn)公約的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以A項“無與倫比的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造”最能概括這幾點(diǎn)。B項“它的圓形凹地有著名字奇特的石柱”、C項“歐洲最大的熔巖高原”和D項“在海岸和一個小島之間的搖擺繩索橋”都是包括在里面的。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“關(guān)于巨人之路，下列哪項是不正確的？”。由最后一段第二句TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.（該中心是沿海岸和懸崖的理想起點(diǎn)，為游客提供各種優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。）可知，A項“它為游客提供了壯麗的景色”符合原文。由文章第一句ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.（潛伏在陸地盡頭、荒涼的海堤下的巨人之路，肯定讓古代愛爾蘭人感到驚奇，他們隨后受到啟發(fā)并創(chuàng)造了有關(guān)它的建造者的傳說，即巨人芬恩麥庫爾）可知，B項“它是古代愛爾蘭文學(xué)靈感的來源”正確。由最后一段倒數(shù)第一句A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant’sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory…（12分鐘的視聽介紹，配有5種歐洲語言的解說，使游客可以通過當(dāng)?shù)氐拿耖g傳說和科學(xué)理論進(jìn)一步探索巨人之路的起源……）可知，巨人之路在科學(xué)理論的探索上發(fā)揮了作用，C項“它是科學(xué)研究的絕佳材料”也符合。只有D項“它使歐洲的許多其他世界遺產(chǎn)相形見絀”在文中并沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

9.單選題

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeluded,life,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights5Entertainments.Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwise,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythinghaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence,andthatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusoryfoundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinktheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that“therewasaking’sson,who,beingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,and,growinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichhelived.Oneofhisfather'sministershavingdiscoveredhim.revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahma.“Wethinkthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop,oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopiecesinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorslow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatachild（）.

2.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto（）.

3.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsis（）.

4.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof（）.

問題1選項

A.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo

B.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach

C.hardlyeverknowshistrueorigin

D.isincapableofappreciatingthearts

問題2選項

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment

B.honorthewisdomofthepastages

C.appraisethepresentforitstruevalue

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities

問題3選項

A.suspicion

B.admiration

C.indifference

D.repulsion

問題4選項

A.historyandeconomics

B.biologyandphysics

C.theologyandphilosophy

D.societyandpopulation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為一個孩子……”。文章提到“憑借著失敗的經(jīng)驗而認(rèn)為自己更加聰明的大人們，嬉戲地生活著的孩子，比那些不能有價值生活的人更能發(fā)現(xiàn)生活的規(guī)律和各種關(guān)系”（Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinktheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure），因此選項A符合題意，嬉戲地生活著的孩子比成人更好地面對生活中的一些問題。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者主要關(guān)系的是敦促讀者……”。文章后面提到我們只有通過不斷灌輸和參悟周圍的現(xiàn)實(shí)，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣（Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus），由此可知作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人們應(yīng)該抓住現(xiàn)實(shí)，因此選項C符合題意。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問是的“作者對藝術(shù)的態(tài)度是什么？”文章提到“如果我們只尊重一切不可避免的，并有存在權(quán)利的事物，音樂和詩歌便將響徹街頭”(Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets)，由此可知在作者看來，音樂和詩歌是有存在權(quán)利的，可以看出作者對其是持肯定態(tài)度的，因此選項B“贊賞”符合題意。indifference“冷淡”；suspicion“懷疑”。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章主要是關(guān)于……的問題”。文章主要是從哲學(xué)層面來探討人們應(yīng)該重視現(xiàn)實(shí)這一個問題，并沒有涉及到經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口和生物這些方面，因此選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Althoughshescrubbedtheoldpotthoroughly,shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean.

問題1選項

A.disinfected

B.scratched

C.rinsed

D.scoured

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。橫線單詞scrubbed意為“用力擦洗；使凈化”；A選項“disinfected”意為“將……消毒”；B選項“scratched”意為“抓；刮；挖出；亂涂”；C選項“rinsed”意為“（用清水）沖洗，漂凈”；D選項“scoured”意為“（用粗糙的物體）擦凈，洗滌；沖洗，清除”。句意：雖然她已經(jīng)徹底地擦洗那只舊壺，但她無法使它看上去完全干凈。由題干可知，shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean（但她無法使它看上去完全干凈）說明她正設(shè)法把那只舊壺弄干凈，可以推測出這里的動作應(yīng)該是擦凈。由此可知，scrubbed在此處最可能是“用力擦洗”的意思，四個選項中scoured具有“擦凈”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.

Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat（

）.

2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly

（

）.

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

問題1選項

A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment

B.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills

C.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers

D.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped

問題2選項

A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

B.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers

C.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted

D.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers

問題3選項

A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

B.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity

C.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkers

D.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations

問題4選項

A.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation

B.Laborandtheeffectsofautomation

C.Unemploymentbenefitsplansandautomation.

D.Socialbenefitsofautomation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘盡管工人們擔(dān)心自動化的影響，但他們從不懷疑……？’根據(jù)第二段中“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.勞工基本上的觀點(diǎn)是抵抗技術(shù)變革是徒然的”確定D選項“自動化是一種不能被阻止的趨勢”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題目提問‘“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示……？’根據(jù)第三段中“Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.另一種方法是“改善因素”的想法，它要求在提高生產(chǎn)力的基礎(chǔ)上增加工資?！贝_定B選項“工人應(yīng)該共享生產(chǎn)增加和成本降低的福利”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘為了獲得自動化的全部好處，勞動力將主要依靠……？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.然而，勞動力有可能主要依靠減少工作時間來充分分享自動化的成果?！贝_定A選項“更短的工作時間和更多的休閑吋間”正確。

4.主旨大意題。全文主要是講“自動化的發(fā)展對勞工在工作與就業(yè)等方而帶來的影響”，所以B選項“勞工與自動化的影響”正確。文章并沒有對自動化的劣勢展開討論，所以A選項“自動化的優(yōu)勢與劣勢”錯誤，C選項“失業(yè)福利計劃和自動化”和D選項“自動化的社會效益”只是文中提及的一部分內(nèi)容，排除。

12.單選題

WhenthenewsofaUFOsightingwasbroadcastonradio,somelistenerscalledtochallengethe（）ofit.

問題1選項

A.vicissitude

B.value

C.validity

D.visitation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。vicissitude變遷，盛衰；value價值；validity正確性；visitation訪問，探視。由challenge可知聽眾想挑戰(zhàn)該消息的正確性。C項正確。句意：當(dāng)一個不明飛行物目擊事件的消息播出廣播,一些聽眾打電話來挑戰(zhàn)消息的正確性。

13.單選題

“Doyouthink______Ishouldattendthelecture?”sheaskedme.

問題1選項

A.that

B.whether

C.if

D.when

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查賓語從句。句意：“你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該去聽講座嗎？”她問我。Ishouldattendthelecture作think的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，A選項that符合題意。B選項whether和C選項if“是否”詞義和前面疑問詞do重復(fù)；如果要用D選項when，就要改成whendoyouthink。因此A選項正確。

14.單選題

Thatmachinewasveryuseful;buthewasdefinitely（

）whenhesaiditwasthegreatestmachineeverinvented.

問題1選項

A.lying

B.bluffing

C.exaggerating

D.overreacting

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。lie“躺”；bluff“虛張聲勢”；exaggerate“夸大”；overreact“反應(yīng)過度”。句意：那臺機(jī)器用處非常大，但是當(dāng)他聲稱它曾經(jīng)是最偉大的機(jī)器時，明顯是在夸大。選項C符合題意。

15.單選題

Itisbelievedthatthewayto（）Europe’sR&Dinnovationliesinacollaborativeapproach,featuringbothpublicandprivateparties.

問題1選項

A.override

B.avert

C.reinvigorate

D.ownupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項override“推翻；不顧；踐踏”；B選項avert“避免，防止；轉(zhuǎn)移”；C選項reinvigorate“使再振作，使復(fù)興”；D選項ownupto“承認(rèn)；承認(rèn)錯誤，坦白”。句意：人們認(rèn)為，重振歐洲研發(fā)創(chuàng)新的途徑在于公私雙方共同參與的合作方式。本句表示“使歐洲研發(fā)創(chuàng)新重振的途徑”，因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

ThesimplewoodenhousesitsinanunremarkableoldneighborhoodinanOsakasuburb,thekindofplacepeopleforgetstillexistsinmodemJapan.Therearenopachinkoparlorsorcybercafes—noshopsofanykind,really.It'sanunlikelyplacetoencounterthenextversionofJapan'stechnologicalevolution.Butlistentowhathappenswhenagray-hairedseptuagenariannamedKazukoKomiyamareturnsaftervisitingfriends,"Welcomehome,"avoicechirps."Isn’titaniceday?”

Thehigh-pitchedgreetingbelongstoarobot.It’sasimplemachine,tobesure.Thisisn'tathoughtfulroboticcharacterlikethosefoundinaStarWarsmovie,orlikeJapan’sownpopularcreationAstroBoy.Butit’sarobotnonetheless:achocolate-brownwombatthateventuallywillbeable,toflutteritseyeswh