考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

然而,研究人員在報(bào)告中提醒說(shuō),相對(duì)于患更嚴(yán)重的疾病的危險(xiǎn)來(lái)說(shuō),這些益處簡(jiǎn)直微不足道。

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Researchersinthestudy,however,cautionedthatsuchbenefitsdon'toutweightheriskofmoreseriousailments.

B.However,researchersremindedinthereportthatsuchbenefitsarenothingcomparedwiththeriskofmoreseriousailments.

C.However,researcherscautionedintheirreportthatsuchbenefitsdon'tindolencealotcomparingtotheriskofmoreseriousailments.

【答案】A

【解析】“提醒”在本句中用remind比較口語(yǔ)化，caution更為正式，因?yàn)槭窃趫?bào)告中進(jìn)行提醒，因此caution更為恰當(dāng)；后面包含一個(gè)比較，用outweigh言簡(jiǎn)意賅，最為恰當(dāng)。所以選項(xiàng)A翻譯最精確。

2.單選題

TheTVprogramisso（）thatIcan’tmovemyeyesawayfromthescreen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.freestanding

B.devastating

C.compelling

D.fascinating

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個(gè)電視節(jié)目如此吸引人,以至于我眼睛不能從屏幕上移開(kāi)。

考查形容詞辨析。freestanding獨(dú)立式的;devastating毀滅性的;compelling引人注目的,強(qiáng)制的,激發(fā)興趣的;fascinating迷人的,吸引人的,使人祌魂顛倒的。由后半句句意可知D正確。

3.單選題

Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore（

）thanthewoodenbox.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.terminal

B.durable

C.persistent

D.bearable

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B選項(xiàng)durable“耐用的，持久的”；C選項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的，持續(xù)的”；D選項(xiàng)bearable“可忍受的”。

句意：拉爾夫知道盡管金屬盒子不那么吸引人，但會(huì)比木箱更耐用。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Johnsonneverscrupledtoignorethestandardsofdecentconductmandatedbycompanypolicyif（

）compliancewithinstructionsfromhissuperiorsenabledhimtodoso,whatevertheeffectsonhissubordinates.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deigned

B.feigned

C.literal

D.halfhearted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和形容詞詞義辨析。deign賜予；feign假裝；裝作；捏造；想象；literal文字的；字面上的；halfhearted不認(rèn)真的；不熱心的；無(wú)興趣的。句意：如果在字面上對(duì)上司指令的服從讓自己能夠去忽視公司政策所頒布的得體的行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么不論對(duì)下屬有什么樣的影響，John都會(huì)從未有所顧忌地去這樣做。由Johnsonneverscrupledtoignore…與compliancewithinstructionsfromhissuperiorsenabledhimtodoso可知“字面上的”符合。

5.翻譯題

NickYoung創(chuàng)立了該刊物，并編輯英文版本，他說(shuō)，上周多位北京警方和地方統(tǒng)計(jì)局的官員告知他該刊物進(jìn)行了“未經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的調(diào)查”，因此被認(rèn)為違反了有關(guān)收集統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的1983年法律。楊先生說(shuō)，在該刊物發(fā)行的十幾年中，當(dāng)局并未提供頒布此法令的明確原因。1.他說(shuō)該刊物并未進(jìn)行任何投票或調(diào)查，該法令非常含糊，因此可以禁止幾乎任何需要與當(dāng)?shù)孛癖娊佑|的信息收集。關(guān)閉該刊物的決定可能反映了中國(guó)對(duì)近幾年增加的地方和國(guó)外資助民間團(tuán)體的關(guān)注持續(xù)增加。2.某些民間團(tuán)體已經(jīng)降低了中國(guó)百姓維護(hù)合法權(quán)利的門(mén)檻，某些中國(guó)官員認(rèn)為這些團(tuán)體會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)的不安定。如果這些團(tuán)體受政府資助而且不從事公開(kāi)的政治活動(dòng)，那么中國(guó)中央政府通常能夠忍受。一些官員表示那些團(tuán)體能夠極大地幫助監(jiān)測(cè)和抵制虐工等違法的行為。

3.《中國(guó)發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)報(bào)》無(wú)權(quán)在中國(guó)出版，雇員也未注冊(cè)為新聞?dòng)浾?，這就意味著該刊物未在更大出版社的允許下已經(jīng)存在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。但楊先生說(shuō)，當(dāng)局已經(jīng)監(jiān)視他的事務(wù)多年，他相信他們理解向國(guó)外扶助機(jī)構(gòu)提供客觀信息符合中國(guó)利益。

【答案】1.Hesaidthatthenewsletterdidnotconductpollsorsurveysandthattheorderwasvagueenoughtoprohibitalmostanykindofinformationgatheringthatrequiredinteractionwithlocalcitizens.

2.SomecivicgroupshavehelpedpeopleonthelowerrungsofChinesesocietydefendtheirlegalrights,andsomeChineseofficialscontendthatthegroupshavecontributedtoasurgeinsocialunrest.

3.ChinaDevelopmentBriefhadnolicensetopublishinChina,anditsemployeeswerenotregisteredasnewscorrespondents,meaningthenewsletterhadlongoperatedwithoutthepermitsrequiredoflargerpublications.

6.單選題

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOsandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends―nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat’smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnogurus(領(lǐng)袖)promisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-andtime-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommoditizedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime―oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat______.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time

D.Time-savingdevices.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNewInternetLife

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?“No,quitecontrary.”（我們?cè)诠ぷ?、家庭和社區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量是否與我們生活中引入的所有新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)成正比？“不，完全相反。”）可知C選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)實(shí)際上導(dǎo)致了他們生活質(zhì)量的下降”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.（相反，本應(yīng)解放我們的科技奇跡，卻開(kāi)始把我們束縛在一個(gè)似乎無(wú)法輕易擺脫的聯(lián)系網(wǎng)中）但并不是說(shuō)網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代變成了技術(shù)的奴隸，因此選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.（我們的每一個(gè)空閑時(shí)間都充滿(mǎn)了某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系，使時(shí)間本身成為所有資源中最稀缺的）可知選C。

4.推理判斷題。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?（有沒(méi)有人問(wèn)過(guò)，高速發(fā)展的文化是否讓我們所有人都變得不那么有耐心，不太愿意傾聽(tīng)、推遲、考慮和反思？）可知D選項(xiàng)“科技可能會(huì)使人失去耐心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了科技給人們生活帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，因此B選項(xiàng)“使用過(guò)多的缺點(diǎn)”符合題意。

7.單選題

EnglishisthedominantlanguageinHawaii,butitisinfusedwithHawaiianwords,phrasesandpidginslang.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.included

B.affected

C.filled

D.spoiled

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.included包括，包含B.affected影響

C.filled（使）充滿(mǎn)，裝滿(mǎn)D.spoiled破壞，搞壞，毀掉

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】infused的意思為“使具有，注入（某特性）”，這里指夏威夷主要講英語(yǔ)，但在英語(yǔ)中有非常多的夏威夷詞匯、短語(yǔ)和洋涇浜俚語(yǔ)，filled與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】英語(yǔ)是夏威夷的主導(dǎo)語(yǔ)言，但它滿(mǎn)是夏威夷詞匯、短語(yǔ)和洋涇浜俚語(yǔ)。

8.單選題

Aidwassenttotheearthquakevictimsatthe___oftheIraniangovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sight

B.interest

C.require

D.request

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.sight視力；景象B.interest興趣；利益

C.require需要；要求（動(dòng)詞）D.request請(qǐng)求；需要

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞，of短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)表示government“政府”的……，根據(jù)句意，地震發(fā)生后，應(yīng)該是按照政府的需求送去援助。D選項(xiàng)request請(qǐng)求；需要符合語(yǔ)境。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)sight“視力；景象”不符合語(yǔ)境；

B選項(xiàng)interest“興趣；利益”不符合語(yǔ)境；

C選項(xiàng)require“需要”，是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，而該處應(yīng)填名詞。

【句意】應(yīng)伊朗政府的要求，救援物質(zhì)已運(yùn)送給地震災(zāi)民。

9.單選題

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareferriedisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenodearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthere’sagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalledbehaviorsclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingwhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

ThesocialandpoliticalimplicationsorthesetwotheoriesareprofoundIntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behavioristsincontrastsaythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

46.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem（）.

47.Theword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby（）.

48.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?

49.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?

50.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whyone’sbehaviorsdifferfromothers

B.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligence

C.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheories

D.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”controversy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.approaches

B.advocates

C.principles

D.characters

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.

B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.

C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsarerevealedbybehaviors.

D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstinct.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.

B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.

C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.

D.Theyupholdthatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantages

B.areamanifestationoftheblacks’poorintelligence

C.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligence

D.havenothingtodowillfactorsotherthanheredity

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】46.主旨大意題。第一段先提出“人們一直很想知道個(gè)性和行為是怎樣形成的”，然后每段都提出一個(gè)理論，最后一段得出總結(jié)這兩種理論都不能完全解釋人類(lèi)行為，關(guān)于個(gè)性是先天的還是后天的這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論肯定會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。因此D選項(xiàng)“是什么導(dǎo)致了先天/后天的爭(zhēng)論”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“為什么一個(gè)人的行為與別人不同”，B選項(xiàng)“是什么造就了智力的不同階段”，C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)科學(xué)家如何形成不同的理論”均不符題意，可排除。故選D。

47.詞義推測(cè)題。定位在原文Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanotherandthere’sagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.（正如人們預(yù)想的那樣，這兩種方法是非常不同的，各理論的……之間存在大量爭(zhēng)論）因?yàn)閮煞N理論是截然相反的，所以所持不同理論的人會(huì)存在大量的爭(zhēng)論。因此proponents指人，指這兩種理論的支持者。因此B選項(xiàng)“擁護(hù)者；倡導(dǎo)者”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“方法；辦法”；C選項(xiàng)“原則”；D選項(xiàng)“特性”均與題意不符，可排除。故選B。

48.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段首句Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.（那些支持自然派的人們認(rèn)為，我們的個(gè)性和行為模式在很大程度上是由生物和遺傳因素決定的。）由此可判斷自然派認(rèn)為我們具有一定的個(gè)性和行為模式是先天具備的，因此A選項(xiàng)“我們生來(lái)就有特定的個(gè)性和行為”，正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境與我們的個(gè)性無(wú)關(guān)”，說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)，定位在原文Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.（我們的環(huán)境與我們的能力、特征和行為幾乎沒(méi)有關(guān)系，這是這一理論的核心。）錯(cuò)誤，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“能力和特征是由行為表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的”與題意無(wú)關(guān)，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“只有極端的行為是由本能決定的”，錯(cuò)誤，定位在原文Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.（極端地說(shuō)，這一理論認(rèn)為，我們的行為在很大程度上是先天決定的，以至于我們幾乎完全受本能的支配。）可排除。故選A。

49.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由第四段第一句找到關(guān)鍵詞定位Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,orastheyareoftencalledbehaviors（后天理論的支持者，或者通常被稱(chēng)為行為主義者）再由第四段最后一句Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.（他們對(duì)人類(lèi)的看法相當(dāng)機(jī)械的；他們認(rèn)為，人類(lèi)像機(jī)器一樣對(duì)環(huán)境刺激做出回應(yīng)，這些刺激是他們的行為的基礎(chǔ)。）因此C選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為我們像機(jī)器一樣對(duì)環(huán)境做出反應(yīng)”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他們相信人類(lèi)是機(jī)械的”太過(guò)絕對(duì)，原文說(shuō)的是quite“相當(dāng)”，只能夠說(shuō)明極度相似，并不完全等同，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“他們把我們的行為比作機(jī)器”，依照原文，他們是將humanbeing“人類(lèi)”比作機(jī)器，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為機(jī)械論也適用于我們”原文未提及，可排除。故選C。

50.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第五段Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behavioristsincontrastsaythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.（這導(dǎo)致一些“自然”派支持者認(rèn)為黑人基因不如白人。與之相反的行為學(xué)家說(shuō)，成績(jī)的差異是由于黑人常常被剝奪了許多教育和其他白人所享有的環(huán)境優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此他們不與白人做出相同的反應(yīng)。）由此可知，在“自然”派支持者看來(lái)黑人的低分?jǐn)?shù)是因?yàn)榛虻牟煌?。因此D選項(xiàng)“除了遺傳與意志因素?zé)o關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“是教育劣勢(shì)的結(jié)果”為行為主義者的觀點(diǎn)，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“是黑人智力低下的表現(xiàn)”，C選項(xiàng)“與他們的真正智慧無(wú)關(guān)”與題意無(wú)關(guān)，可排除。故選D。

10.單選題

Competition,manypeoplebelieve,

thenationalcharacterratherthancorruptit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforces

B.confirms

C.intensifies

D.strengthens

【答案】D

【解析】than決定了這里的corrupt(腐壞，破壞)與空格處的詞相對(duì)，所以空白處應(yīng)填入D，表示“加強(qiáng)”的意思。句意：很多人相信競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)加強(qiáng)民族性格而不是破壞它。

11.單選題

Shewasso（

）inherworkthatshedidn’tnoticemewhenIcameintheroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.immersed

B.obsessed

C.submerged

D.suffocated

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)通常用于beimmersedin（沉浸于，埋頭于，陷入）；B選項(xiàng)通常用于beobsessedwith（癡迷于，著迷于）；C選項(xiàng)submerge“浸沒(méi)，淹沒(méi)”；D選項(xiàng)suffocate“（使）窒息而死，（把……）悶死”。句中的so...that表示“如此……以至于”，根據(jù)固定搭配和后面的shedidn’tnoticemewhenIcameintheroom（我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)她沒(méi)注意到我）可知她沉浸于工作中，以至于沒(méi)注意到我進(jìn)來(lái)，因此選A。句意：她如此沉浸于工作中，以至于我進(jìn)屋時(shí)她都沒(méi)有注意到我。

12.單選題

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorlearning

B.inattention

C.tryingtolearntoofast

D.noneoftheabove

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.depression

B.mentalinactivity

C.lossofmemory

D.physicallyweak

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.

B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.

C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.

D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline

B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline

C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons

D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明，知識(shí)和推理能力并沒(méi)有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲是這樣，在60歲和70歲也是如此?！笨芍心耆撕屠夏耆说闹橇屯评砟芰缀鯖](méi)有下降。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,muchofwhatwecall‘lossofmemory’isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.然而，我們所謂的‘失憶’，其實(shí)根本不是這樣的。它們通常首先是不完整的學(xué)習(xí)。例如，老年人可能聽(tīng)力不好，或視力不好，或注意力不集中，或試圖以太快的速度學(xué)習(xí)新事物?！笨芍坝洃泦适А备揪蜎](méi)有這回事。A、B、C三項(xiàng)是導(dǎo)致看似記憶力下降的原因。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor‘senility’.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.在老年人的大腦似乎真的在衰退的情況下，這并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的跡象。通常這只是抑郁情緒的一種表現(xiàn)?！笨芍吐淝榫w是導(dǎo)致老年人的大腦看似衰退的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一、二句“Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.但是請(qǐng)注意，當(dāng)一個(gè)年輕人失去什么東西時(shí)，他不會(huì)責(zé)怪衰老或失憶。他找了一些其他的借口?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)，年輕人從來(lái)不會(huì)因?yàn)樗ダ匣蚴浂ト魏螙|西?！闭_。A項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，衰老比我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為的要普遍得多”；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)136對(duì)雙胞胎的長(zhǎng)期研究表明，多年來(lái)唯一下降的因素是心理運(yùn)動(dòng)速度”；D項(xiàng)“賈維克博士的研究表明，老年人的大腦似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)衰退”都與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。本文開(kāi)頭提出人們對(duì)大腦的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，即隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，理解力和記憶力下降，大腦衰退。隨后介紹了Dr.Jarvik的研究結(jié)果。即衰老并不會(huì)影響人的智力。接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容均圍繞該主題展開(kāi)。故B項(xiàng)“老年加速心智衰退”正確。

13.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)layout“安排，陳列”，B項(xiàng)layoff“下崗，解雇”，C項(xiàng)laydown“放下，制定”，D項(xiàng)layaside“擱置”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞workers“工人”和employees“雇員”可推測(cè)，空格部分表示“解雇，下崗”。句意：美國(guó)的石油公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始感受到壓力。煉油工人和石油設(shè)備制造工人正在被解雇。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Helivedina（

）house,andforthisreasonhewaseasilyacceptedintohismoney-worshipingsociety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shabby

B.ragged

C.dingy

D.decent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他住在一棟很體面的房子里，也因?yàn)檫@樣他很快就被金錢(qián)至上的社會(huì)所接納。shabby“破舊的”；ragged“粗糙的”；dingy“昏暗的”；decent“體面的”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductiononmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goods,andservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforwholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacertainfordeterminingaperson’splaceinatraditionalsociety?

5.Inparagraph2sentence3,“barter”means（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypeofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.rapidspeedtransactions

B.misunderstanding

C.inflation

D.difficultiesfortraders

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Individualhouseholds

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Familybackground

B.Age

C.Religiousbelief

D.Custom

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.exchangegood,propertyforothergoods

B.amoreunit

C.akindoffood

D.trade

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.（三種基本方式可以描述為市場(chǎng)體制、管理體制和傳統(tǒng)體制。）文章第一段就點(diǎn)明了三種不同類(lèi)型的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系：市場(chǎng)體系、行政管理體系和傳統(tǒng)體系。接下來(lái)分別介紹了這三種體系，每一段的第一句都點(diǎn)明了具體要介紹的體系。而文章中作者并沒(méi)有解釋有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的知識(shí)，也沒(méi)有表示哪一種經(jīng)濟(jì)體系更優(yōu)越，因此A選項(xiàng)“概述不同類(lèi)型的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度”正確。B選項(xiàng)“來(lái)解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”，是作者沒(méi)有解釋的；C選項(xiàng)“論證單一經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的優(yōu)越性”，作者在文中是沒(méi)有論述的；D選項(xiàng)“比較易貨市場(chǎng)和貨幣交換市場(chǎng)”，只是市場(chǎng)體系中的兩種形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第四句話Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles...wantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.（在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，真正的商品，如汽車(chē)、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的，找到想用舊車(chē)交換帆船的人可能并不總是一件容易的任務(wù)。）通過(guò)這句話可以看出，在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，可見(jiàn)這種有形的物物交換對(duì)交換者而言是具有很大難度的，交易者想要做交易并沒(méi)有那么容易，因此D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)交易者的困難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“誤解，誤會(huì)”這一點(diǎn)原文并沒(méi)有提到；C選項(xiàng)“膨脹；通貨膨脹”不是易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)體現(xiàn)的。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.（政府制定的中央計(jì)劃顯示了不同公司生產(chǎn)的每種商品的數(shù)量，并分配給不同的家庭用于消費(fèi)。）這一段講述了如何去制定市場(chǎng)的相關(guān)規(guī)定，而最高級(jí)的規(guī)定制定就來(lái)自于政府，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)體戶(hù)”，他們只是經(jīng)濟(jì)的參與者；B選項(xiàng)“小企業(yè)”，沒(méi)有這個(gè)權(quán)利；C選項(xiàng)“大公司”，仍然沒(méi)有政府的等級(jí)高。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段第一句話everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.（每個(gè)人在經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中的地位是由出身、宗教和習(xí)慣風(fēng)俗來(lái)決定的），可以得出只有B選項(xiàng)“年齡”是沒(méi)有提到的，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“家庭背景”；C選項(xiàng)“宗教信仰”；D選項(xiàng)“風(fēng)俗”都是提到了的。

5.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously.（在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，真正的商品，如汽車(chē)、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的。）可以看出來(lái)在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中交易的都是一些實(shí)在的物品，因此A選項(xiàng)“用貨物、財(cái)產(chǎn)等交換其他貨物”是正確的。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)單位”原文沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“一種食物”，只是其中的一種；D選項(xiàng)“交易”，這就是這件事本身。

16.單選題

Theannouncementwill______therumorsofatakeoverthathaveplaguedthecompanyforthepast18months.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.append

B.scotch

C.exhort

D.exhale

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.append附加，貼上；蓋章B.scotch阻止，平息；終止

C.exhort忠告；勸誡D.exhale呼氣；發(fā)出，發(fā)散

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句子意思“過(guò)去18個(gè)月來(lái)困擾該公司的收購(gòu)傳言”，由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will可知，Theannouncementwill______表示的是“這一聲明將消除”，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】這一聲明將消除過(guò)去18個(gè)月來(lái)困擾該公司的收購(gòu)傳言。

17.填空題

A:Isn’tthatyourcar?

B:No,it（1）.Mineis（2）redoneoverthere

【答案】1.isn’t

2.the

【解析】1.語(yǔ)法分析。此處是否定回答。

2.語(yǔ)法分析。句意:我的是紅色那輛。此處為特指,所以用定冠詞the。

18.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.duplicating

B.accelerating

C.stimulating

D.modifying

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。duplicate復(fù)制；accelerate加速，促進(jìn)；stimulate刺激，鼓舞；modify修改，修飾。從前后語(yǔ)義可推測(cè)兒童與從電視上看到的暴力行為之間的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是兒童模仿電視上的暴力行為。故A項(xiàng)正確。句意：最近有一些兒童模仿電視上的暴力行為的報(bào)道。

19.單選題

Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration—atasksomecomputersecurityconsultantssayisnearlyimpossible.Plansfortheprivatenetwork,calledGovnet,hingeonwhe