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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原旅游職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Allthestudentshavetoto(
)therulesandregulationsoftheschool.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.confirm
B.confront
C.conform
D.confine
【答案】C
【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confirm“確定,確認(rèn)”;B選項(xiàng)confront“面對(duì),遭遇”;C選項(xiàng)conform“符合,遵照”;D選項(xiàng)confine“限制,禁閉”。由關(guān)鍵詞“therulesandregulations規(guī)章制度”可知空格部分單詞意思為“遵守,遵循”,句意為:所有的學(xué)生都要遵守學(xué)校的規(guī)章制度。選項(xiàng)C意思與之相近。
2.單選題
TheTVprogramisso()thatIcan’tmovemyeyesawayfromthescreen.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.freestanding
B.devastating
C.compelling
D.fascinating
【答案】D
【解析】句意:這個(gè)電視節(jié)目如此吸引人,以至于我眼睛不能從屏幕上移開。
考查形容詞辨析。freestanding獨(dú)立式的;devastating毀滅性的;compelling引人注目的,強(qiáng)制的,激發(fā)興趣的;fascinating迷人的,吸引人的,使人祌魂顛倒的。由后半句句意可知D正確。
3.單選題
Soldiersactin(
)totheordersoftheirofficers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.obligation
B.objection
C.offence
D.obedience
【答案】D
【解析】句意:士兵們遵照上級(jí)軍官的命令行動(dòng)。
短語辨析。Inobligationto有義務(wù);inobjectionto反對(duì);inoffenceto違反;inobedienceto遵照,服從。故選D。
4.單選題
Thesechangeshavenotbeensufficientto()thelosses.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.stem
B.stimulate
C.cause
D.compensate
【答案】D
【解析】語義題。空格填人的詞應(yīng)與sufficient詞義相近。因此D項(xiàng)compensate(補(bǔ)償,報(bào)酬)符合要求。
5.單選題
OverthecenturiesboththeNileandthedesertsandsimperceptiblyshifted,andthistemplewaslosttotheworlduntil1813,whenitwasaccidentallyrediscoveredbytheSwissexplorerJean-LouisBurckhardt.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.enormously
B.unstably
C.progressively
D.unnoticeably
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.enormously非常,極其B.unstably不穩(wěn)定地
C.progressively持續(xù)穩(wěn)定地,逐步地D.unnoticeably不知不覺地,不易察覺地
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。
【解題思路】imperceptibly的意思為“難以察覺地,不知不覺地”,這里指尼羅河和沙漠的流沙都在不知不覺中移動(dòng),unnoticeably與之詞義相近,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。
【句意】幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,尼羅河和沙漠的流沙都在不知不覺中移動(dòng),這座寺廟就這樣消失了,直到1813年才被瑞士探險(xiǎn)家Jean-LouisBurckhardt意外地重新發(fā)現(xiàn)。
6.單選題
Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbe______controlledandmodified.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.deliberately
B.noticeably
C.delicately
D.instinctively
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.deliberately故意地,有意地B.noticeably顯著地,明顯地
C.delicately微妙地,精致地D.instinctively本能地
【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。
【解題思路】主句意思是“人類的面部表情與動(dòng)物不同”,結(jié)合定語從句的意思“它們可以被控制和修改”,其中they指的是人類的面部表情,綜合理解可推測(cè),空格處填入“有意地”符合句子意思。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意。
【句意】人類的面部表情與動(dòng)物的不同之處在于,它們可以被有意地控制和修改。
7.單選題
Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(變壞)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.
Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.
Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises(大樓及附屬建筑物).ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporal(肉體的)punishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.
1.Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasison______.
2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncharacteristicofyoungsmokers?
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
4.Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking______.
5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshiswritingis______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.theeffectofsmokingamongchildren
B.thedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking
C.thereasonswhychildrenstartsmokingamongchildren
D.themeasurestobansmokingamongchildren
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Disobedience.
B.Laziness.
C.Lackofintelligence.
D.Vanity.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Somechildrenstarttosmokeoutofcuriosity.
B.Manychildrenstarttosmokebecausetheywanttoappearmature.
C.Inordertohavefewerchildrensmokers,parents,teachersandhealthcareworkersshouldnotsmoke.
D.Itisnotasdifficulttopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokeastodissuadeadultsfromsmoking.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.shouldbeintroduced,foritreallyworksattheschoolwhereheoncestudied
B.shouldnotbeintroduced,foritmaycausedisturbance
C.shouldbeintroducedthoughitmaynotworkeffectively
D.needn’tbeintroducedaslongasteachersdon’tsmokeinfrontofchildren
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.objective
B.emotional
C.critical
D.indifferent
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭介紹了吸煙兒童的特點(diǎn),接著介紹了導(dǎo)致兒童吸煙的因素,最后指出防止兒童吸煙非常困難,需要各界做出許多努力,結(jié)合全文可知文章的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是放在防止兒童吸煙的困難上的。因此B選項(xiàng)“防止兒童吸煙的困難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“兒童吸煙的影響”,C選項(xiàng)“兒童開始吸煙的原因”,D選項(xiàng)“禁止兒童吸煙的措施”均不是文章的重點(diǎn),需要A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious(與不吸煙的人相比,他們更叛逆),說明吸煙的兒童更叛逆,更不聽話。因此A選項(xiàng)“不聽話”正確。B選項(xiàng)“懶惰”,C選項(xiàng)“缺少智慧”,D選項(xiàng)“虛榮”在文中均沒有提及,所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“有些孩子開始吸煙是出于好奇心”,B選項(xiàng)“許多孩子開始吸煙是因?yàn)樗麄兿腼@得成熟”,由原文Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood(這些因素包括是否有香煙、好奇心、叛逆、顯得強(qiáng)硬、對(duì)成年的期待)可知,好奇心和想顯得成熟屬于兒童吸煙的原因,A,B選項(xiàng)表述正確,排除A,B。C選項(xiàng)“為了讓更少的兒童吸煙,父母、教師和衛(wèi)生保健人員不應(yīng)該吸煙”,由原文Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.(權(quán)威人士,特別是父母、衛(wèi)生保健工作者和教師樹立的榜樣至關(guān)重要。)可知,C選項(xiàng)表述正確,排除C。D選項(xiàng)“防止兒童開始吸煙并不像勸阻成人吸煙那樣困難”,由原文Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.(防止兒童開始吸煙應(yīng)該比說服成年人戒掉吸煙的習(xí)慣要容易得多,但事實(shí)證明這是非常困難的。)可知,防止兒童開始吸煙比勸阻成年人吸煙更困難,D選項(xiàng)不符合原文,所以本題選D。
4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三、四句Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.(校規(guī)應(yīng)該禁止兒童在校內(nèi)吸煙。這條規(guī)定已被引入夏山學(xué)校,在那里我推行了我的規(guī)定,甚至在那些試圖通過體罰來強(qiáng)制禁止吸煙的學(xué)校,吸煙的人數(shù)也和其他學(xué)校一樣多。),說明禁止吸煙的校規(guī)可能作用不大,但作者還是堅(jiān)持引入這條規(guī)定。因此C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該引入,盡管它可能不會(huì)有效地發(fā)揮作用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該實(shí)行,因?yàn)檫@在他曾經(jīng)就讀的學(xué)校里確實(shí)有效”,B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該實(shí)行,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)引起騷亂”,D選項(xiàng)“只要教師不在孩子面前吸煙,就不需要引入”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。
5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文可知,文章客觀分析了吸煙兒童的特點(diǎn)、原因,和為了防止兒童吸煙可以采取的措施,整篇文章的態(tài)度是客觀的,不帶有主觀褒貶或個(gè)人感情色彩。因此A選項(xiàng)“客觀的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“感性的”,C選項(xiàng)“批判的”,D選項(xiàng)“無動(dòng)于衷的”均不符合題意,所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。
8.單選題
Itusedtobe——inpopularimagination,ifnotalwaysinreality——thatitwasthemanofthehousewhototedthetoolbelt,fixingaleakyfaucethereandrepairingaholeinthedrywallthere,whileoverseeinghomeimprovements,fromnewbookshelvestoroomadditions.Itseemedpartofourevolutionarydevelopmentasatool—usingspeciesthatitwasmen,alone,whowouldprowltheaislesofhardwarestores.
Demographicschange.WomenaccounttodayforfullyhalfoftheU.S.S140billionretailhardwareandhomeimprovementindustrysalesintheUnitedStates.Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant.Homeimprovementtelevisionshows,specialtymagazines,teachingclinics,andevenwebsitescatertothesedo-it-yourselfers,understandingthatwomenarethe“instigators”ofhomeimprovementprojectswhetherornotthereisamaninthehouse.Thecommonwisdomintheindustryisthatwomenhavesignificantcontrolnotonlyoverselectionofproducts,butalsooverthehouseholdbudget.
1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumlipthepassage?
2.Womenaretakinguphomerepairsmoreandmorejustbecause(
).
3.Wecanguessfromcontextcluesthattheword4lotote”means
(
).
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Womennowcanworkonhomeimprovementallbythemselves,notneedingmen’shelp.
B.Womenarenowbecomingexpertsathomeimprovement.
C.It’swomen,notmen,whonowgotohardwarestores.
D.Womenarebornbetterathomerepairs.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.menareunwillingtodoit
B.womenhavebeenfoundtobemoretalentedatit
C.womenareaffectedbycertainthoughtsandmovement
D.womanwanttodemonstratethattheyaresuperiortomen
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.torepair
B.tocarry
C.tosell
D.tobuy
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Womenhaven'ttakenuphomeimprovementatall
B.Nowadays,mendon’tworkonhomeimprovementanymore.
C.Moreandmorewomennowmakeeffortstobecomedo-it-yourselfers.
D.Mencan’tbetheinstigatorofhomeimprovements.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:C
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章最主要討論的是女性所扮演的角色的變化:之前不參與家居環(huán)境改進(jìn)相關(guān)的工作,現(xiàn)在主要依靠自己對(duì)家居環(huán)境進(jìn)行改進(jìn),并決定產(chǎn)品的選擇和家庭預(yù)算。因此B項(xiàng)“如今,女性變得善于進(jìn)行家居環(huán)境改進(jìn)”比較能概括文章大意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant(受20世紀(jì)80年代初期的‘自己動(dòng)手’運(yùn)動(dòng)的推動(dòng)和變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響,女性更多的是依靠自己)。故選C項(xiàng)“女性受到了某些思想和運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響”。
3.詞義題?!皌otote”出現(xiàn)在第一句:Itusedtobe——inpopularimagination,ifnotalwaysinreality——thatitwasthemanofthehousewhototedthetoolbelt,fixingaleakyfaucethereandrepairingaholeinthedrywallthere,whileoverseeinghomeimprovements,fromnewbookshelvestoroomadditions(過去,…的通常是一個(gè)家庭中的男性,雖然現(xiàn)實(shí)不一定如此,但至少在大家的觀念里是這樣的。包括在這兒修理一個(gè)漏水龍頭,在那兒填補(bǔ)干墻上的一個(gè)洞,與此同時(shí)還要監(jiān)督家居的環(huán)境改進(jìn),從購(gòu)置新書架到其他房間布置物)。分析句子可知,whototedthetoolbelt作定語修飾“男性”,通過后面的“在這兒修理一個(gè)漏水龍頭…”推斷totedthetoolbelt應(yīng)該表示“攜帶工具腰帶”,因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與“totote”意思最接近的應(yīng)該是B。
4.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant(受20世紀(jì)80年代初期的‘自己動(dòng)手’運(yùn)動(dòng)的推動(dòng)和變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響,女性更多的是依靠自己),由此推斷C項(xiàng)“如今,越來越多的女性努力成為自己動(dòng)手者”符合原文。
9.單選題
Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.
Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishedanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield,thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.
1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe().
2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven().
3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare().
4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith().
5.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation
B.byproductofanaestheticexperience
C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular
D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits
B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy
C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim
D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninhighlyinnovativefashion
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.unjustifiablyignoredbymostofmusicologiststoday
B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalue
C.musicalworkswithpopularhistoricalthemes
D.examplesofmusicalworkswithnewprincipleoforganization
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.deepskepticism
B.strongindignation
C.markedindifference
D.moderateamusement
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists
B.doesnotrelegateparticularstotheroleofdata
C.introducesanewvalidgeneralization
D.presentsthediscoveryofanewscientificfact
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)產(chǎn)生新的命題,在這些命題中,不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式相互關(guān)聯(lián)。由此可知,把不同的現(xiàn)象連貫地聯(lián)系起來是高度的創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
2.信息判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的末尾幾句可知,貝多芬并沒有推翻任何基本規(guī)則。相反,他是一個(gè)無與倫比的謀略家,他以驚人的獨(dú)創(chuàng)的方式,利用了他從前輩如海頓、莫扎特、亨德爾和巴赫那里繼承來的規(guī)則、形式和慣例。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“FlorentineCamerata”定位到第二段第三句“suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,...thegreatworksofmusic.”如佛羅倫薩卡米拉塔的歌劇,盡管具有顯著的歷史重要性,但很少有聽眾或音樂學(xué)家會(huì)把它們列入偉大的音樂作品之中。也就是說不被普遍認(rèn)為具有很高的審美價(jià)值,選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致。
4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段的第三句“However,theideathat...validforthesciences.”然而,將非凡的創(chuàng)造力超越既定限制的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)用到藝術(shù)上是有誤導(dǎo)性的,盡管它可能適用于科學(xué)。由此推斷,作者的態(tài)度是懷疑的,選項(xiàng)A正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創(chuàng)新科學(xué)產(chǎn)生新的命題,在這些命題中,不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式相互關(guān)聯(lián),選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
10.單選題
TheancientforestsofthePacificNorthwestarethelastrelativelyintact“oldgrowth”ecosysteminAmerica.
(1)principallyinnorthernCalifornia,OregonandWashington,theancientforestsareavitalpartofournationalheritage.Today,ourancientforestsarein(2).Theyarebeingdestroyedatthe(3)rateof60,000acresperyear.Ninetypercentofourancientforestshave(4).Only10%stillstand.Overcuttingtheseforestsdestroysanecosystemand(5).Theforestsprovidecleanwaterandair,spawninggroundsforsalmon,abilliondollarperyearfishingindustry,abundantwildlifeand(6).
ThetimberindustryinthePacificNorthwesthasbeenundergoinga(7)sincetheearly80's—(8)thespottedowlbecameanissue,(9)hasledtosteadilyfallingemployment(10).Theindustrymodernizedmills,exportedrawlogsoverseas,andabandonedthePacificNorthwesttoother(11)oftheUnitedStates.Thisledtothe(12)ofover26,000timber-relatedjobsinOregonandWashingtonduringthe80's.
Industryclaimsthatenvironmentallawsareto(13)forthedeclineintimberjobsinthePacificNorthwestdonot(14)undercloseexamination.(15),theindustryitselfisresponsibleformanyofthesejoblosses(16)theovercuttingoftheforestsforthepastdecade,(17)theexportofraw(181)overseas.(19)suchlawsnothingcanbedoneeffectively.ThereasonisthefactthatoneinfourtreescutintheNorthwestisexported(20)anestimated15,000jobs.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Scattered
B.Spotted
C.Found
D.Viewed
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.progress
B.jeopardy
C.rise
D.risk
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.astonishing
B.thrilling
C.terrific
D.frightening
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.destroyed
B.beingdestroyed
C.beendestroyed
D.tobedestroyed
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.industry
B.enterprise
C.establishment
D.economy
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.life-lasting
B.fatal
C.mortal
D.lifesaving
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.transition
B.transportation
C.transit
D.transaction
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.beforelong
B.longsince
C.aslongas
D.longbefore
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.ofwhich
B.who
C.inwhich
D.which
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.standards
B.levels
C.layers
D.criteria
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.directions
B.dimensions
C.regions
D.zones
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.gain
B.loss
C.profit
D.wastage
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.blame
B.praise
C.criticize
D.punish
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.holdout
B.holdin
C.holdup
D.holddown
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.Infact
B.Intheory
C.Inpractice
D.Inasense
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.withregardto
B.dueto
C.liableto
D.confirmingto
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.or
B.but
C.if
D.and
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.woods
B.materials
C.logs
D.trees
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.With
B.Without
C.Ratherthan
D.Insteadof
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.costing
B.counting
C.deserving
D.finding
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
第6題:A
第7題:A
第8題:D
第9題:C
第10題:B
第11題:C
第12題:B
第13題:A
第14題:B
第15題:A
第16題:B
第17題:D
第18題:C
第19題:B
第20題:A
【解析】(1)根據(jù)上文提到了太平洋西北部的古老森林是美國(guó)最后一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的“古老生長(zhǎng)”生態(tài)系統(tǒng),接著提到古老森林是國(guó)家遺產(chǎn)的重要組成部分,尤其是分布于加利福尼亞州北部、俄勒岡州和華盛頓州的古老森林。Scatter分散;Spot發(fā)現(xiàn);Found找到;Viewed觀察。選項(xiàng)A正確。
(2)根據(jù)下句的關(guān)鍵詞destroyed可知,現(xiàn)在的古老森林正處于危險(xiǎn)之中,首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C;injeopardy比較正式,指暴露在極端危險(xiǎn)的情況下,符合原文語境。而risk一般不與介詞in搭配。
(3)astonishing驚人的;thrilling毛骨悚然的,興奮的;terrific可怕的,極好的;frightening令人恐懼的。根據(jù)原文,它們正以每年6萬英畝的驚人速度被摧毀。選項(xiàng)A更符合原文。
(4)根據(jù)原文,90%的古老森林已經(jīng)被摧毀,只有10%尚且還在。這里的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),森林是被摧毀,用被動(dòng)語態(tài),所以,選項(xiàng)C正確。
(5)industry工業(yè);enterprise企業(yè),事業(yè);establishment設(shè)施;economy經(jīng)濟(jì)。根據(jù)下文,森林提供干凈的水和空氣,鮭魚的產(chǎn)卵地,每年十億美元的捕魚業(yè)...由此可知,過度砍伐森林是在破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)。
(6)life-lasting生命持久的;fatal致命的;mortal致死的;lifesaving救命的。根據(jù)原文,森林提供干凈的水和空氣,鮭魚的產(chǎn)卵地,每年十億美元的捕魚業(yè),還有豐富的野生動(dòng)物,由此生命得以延續(xù)。選項(xiàng)A更符合原文。
(7)transition過渡,轉(zhuǎn)變;transportation運(yùn)輸;transit運(yùn)輸,經(jīng)過;transaction交易,事務(wù)。根據(jù)原文,自80年代初以來,西北太平洋地區(qū)的木材工業(yè)一直在經(jīng)歷轉(zhuǎn)型。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
(8)beforelong不久以后;longsince很久以前;aslongas只要;longbefore很久以前,在...之前。先做完后面的兩道題目再回過頭來看,答案很明顯為D。原文翻譯為:早在斑點(diǎn)貓頭鷹成為問題之前,木材工業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型就導(dǎo)致了就業(yè)水平的穩(wěn)步下降。
(9)這里的先行詞不是issue,而是前面57題需要選擇的transition。Intransition指在過渡時(shí)期。這句話的意思是,早在斑點(diǎn)貓頭鷹成為問題之前,木材工業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型就導(dǎo)致了就業(yè)水平的穩(wěn)步下降。
(10)employmentlevels指就業(yè)水平。根據(jù)原文,這里指木材工業(yè)一直在經(jīng)歷轉(zhuǎn)型,導(dǎo)致了就業(yè)水平的穩(wěn)步下降。
(11)directions方向;dimensions規(guī)模;regions地區(qū);zones地帶。原文的意思是放棄太平洋西北部而轉(zhuǎn)到美國(guó)其他地區(qū)。選項(xiàng)C正確。
(12)根據(jù)上文可知,就業(yè)水平在下降,這里應(yīng)該是2600多個(gè)相關(guān)的職業(yè)消失。wastage指浪費(fèi),用在此處不恰當(dāng)。
(13)betoblamefor指應(yīng)該為某事負(fù)責(zé)。這里指工業(yè)宣稱環(huán)境法應(yīng)該為西北太平洋地區(qū)木材就業(yè)崗位減少而負(fù)責(zé)任。
(14)holdout堅(jiān)持;holdin抑制,約束;holdup舉起,攔截;holddown抑制。
(15)根據(jù)原文,上文說工業(yè)宣稱環(huán)境法應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé),而下文說到工業(yè)本身才是應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)的那一方。選項(xiàng)A事實(shí)上,符合原文語境。Intheory理論上;Inpractice在實(shí)踐中;Inasense在某種意義上。
(16)withregardto關(guān)于,至于;dueto因?yàn)?由于;liableto易于;confirmingto符合,遵循。根據(jù)原文,在過去的幾十年里,正是由于過度的砍伐森林才導(dǎo)致了許多工作的流失。這里表原因用dueto。
(17)除了過度砍伐,還有將原木出口到國(guó)外等原因。這里表遞進(jìn),用and。
(18)rowlogs指原木,在原文中可以找到答案。
(19)根據(jù)原文,如果沒有這種法律,做什么都是徒勞的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
(20)根據(jù)原文,西北地區(qū)四分之一的樹木被砍伐出口將導(dǎo)致大約1.5萬個(gè)就業(yè)崗位的流失。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
11.單選題
Over-workingofthelandinsomecountrieshasledtosoil(
)ofnutrients,which,inturn,willleadtobarrenland.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.repleted
B.grieved
C.depleted
D.deplored
【答案】C
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Replete“充滿的,裝滿的”,沒有單詞repleted;grieved“傷心的”;depleted“耗盡的,廢棄的”;deplored為動(dòng)詞的過去式,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知此處應(yīng)填入形容詞作后置定語,修飾soil。句意:在一些國(guó)家,土地的過度耕作已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致土壤耗盡營(yíng)養(yǎng)物,這反過來又會(huì)導(dǎo)致土地貧瘠。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
12.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish
采取一切有效措施掃清“黃毒”,依法處理相關(guān)違法人員。
勞教制度廢止后,未觸犯刑法的違法者,將由社區(qū)采取措施進(jìn)行矯正。
醉酒駕駛機(jī)動(dòng)車的行為,要追究法律責(zé)任。
中國(guó)漁政船頻繁開赴釣魚島,維護(hù)國(guó)家的合法權(quán)益。
打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪,保護(hù)人民生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。
依法行政是實(shí)現(xiàn)“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”的根本性制度保障。
【答案】Takealleffectivemeasurestoclearawaythepornographyanddrugsanddealwiththerelevantpersonswhobreaklawsinaccordancewiththelaw.
Aftertheabolishmentofthesystemofreeducationthroughlabor,thecommunitywilltakemeasurestocorrectthelawbreakerswhodonotviolatethecriminallaw.
Todriveamotorvehicleaftergettingdrunkshallbeinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.
ChinesefisheryadministrationvesselsfrequentlysetoutforDiaoyuislandstosafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofourcountry.
Crackdownnetworkcrimeandprotectpeople'slivesandproperty.
Toadministerourgovernmentaccordingtolawisanessentialinstitutionalguaranteeforrealizingthe"Chinesedream".
13.單選題
Muchnewknowledgeisadmittedlyremotefromtheimmediateinterestsoftheordinarymaninthestreet.Heisnotintriguedorimpressedbythefactthatanoblegas(惰性氣體)likexenon(氙)canformcompounds—somethingthatuntilrecentlymostchemistssworewasimpossible.Whileeventhisknowledgemayhaveanimpactonhimwhenitisembodiedinnewtechnology,untilthen,hecanaffordtoignoreit.Agoodbitofnewknowledge,ontheotherhand,isdirectlyrelatedtohisimmediateconcerns,hisjob,hispolitics,hisfamilylife,evenhissexualbehavior.
Apoignantexampleisthedilemmathatparentsfindthemselvesintodayasaconsequenceofsuccessiveradicalchangesintheimageofthechildinsocietyandinourtheoriesofchildrearing.
AttheturnofthecenturyintheUnitedStates,forexample,thedominanttheoryreflectedtheprevailingscientificbeliefintheimportanceofheredityindeterminingbehavior.MotherswhohadneverheardofDarwinorSpencerraisedtheirbabiesinwaysconsistentwiththeworldviewsofthesethinkers.Vulgarizedandsimplified,passedfrompersontoperson,theseworldviewswerereflectedintheconvictionsofmillionsofordinarypeoplethat“badchildrenarearesultofbadstock,”that“crimeishereditary,”etc.
Intheearlydecadesofthecentury,theseattitudesfellbackbeforetheadvanceofenvironmentalism.Thebeliefthatenvironmentshapespersonality,andthattheearlyyearsarethemostimportant,createdanewimageofthechild.TheworkofWatsonandPavlovbegantocreepintothepublicken(知識(shí)).Mothersreflectedthenewbehaviorism,refusingtofeedinfantsondemand,refusingtopickthemupwhentheycried,weaning(斷奶)earlytoavoidprolongeddependency.
AstudybyMarthaWolfensteinhascomparedtheadviceofferedparentsinsevensuccessiveeditionsofINFANTCARE,ahandbookissuedbytheUnitedStatesChildren’sBureaubetween1914and1951.Shefounddistinctshiftsinthepreferredmethodsfordealingwithweaningandthumb-sucking.Itisclearfromthisstudythatbythelatethirtiesstillanotherimageofthechildhadgainedascendancy.Freudianconceptssweptinlikeawaveandrevolutionizedchildrearingpractices.Suddenly,mothersbegantohearabout“therightsofinfants”andtheneedfor“oralgratification.”Permissivenessbecametheorderoftheday.
11.Thepassagetellsusthatanynewknowledgewillhaveapowerfulinfluenceonordinarypeopleif____.
12.Theprevailingscientificbeliefattheturnofthecenturywasthat
____.
13.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmotherswhowereinfluencedbyFreudianideastendedtobe____.
14.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheworldviewsisbasically____.
15.Thebesttitleforthepassageis____.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.itissimpleandunderstandable
B.itisadvocatedbyeminentpersons
C.ithasbeenputintopracticeandproventrue
D.ithassomethingtodowiththeirimmediateconcerns
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.personalitywasshapedbyenvironment
B.characterwastransmittedfromparents
C.behaviorwasdeterminedbysocialbackground
D.outlookwascoloredbyprevailingbeliefs
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.criticalofprolongedmaternalcareoftheinfants
B.tolerantoftheirbabies’thumb-suckinghabits
C.awareoftheimportanceofweaninginfantsearly
D.tiredofpickingtheirbabiesuptheminutetheycried
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.humorous
B.negative
C.positive
D.tolerant
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ShiftinChildrearingPatterns
B.RevolutioninChildrearingPractices
C.FreudianTheoriesandChildrearing
D.PenetrationofNewknowledge
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】11.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段倒數(shù)一二句Whileeventhisknowledgemayhaveanimpactonhimwhenitisembodiedinnewtechnology,untilthen,hecanaffordtoignoreit.Agoodbitofnewknowledge,ontheotherhand,isdirectlyrelatedtohisimmediateconcerns,hisjob,hispolitics,hisfamilylife,evenhissexualbehavior.“雖然這些知識(shí)在新技術(shù)中體現(xiàn)出來時(shí)可能會(huì)對(duì)他產(chǎn)生影響,但在那之前,他可以忽略它。另一方面,有一些新知識(shí)直接關(guān)系到他的切身利益,他的工作,他的政治立場(chǎng),他的家庭生活,甚至他的性行為”。第二步,綜合理解,新技術(shù)出來的時(shí)候我們有時(shí)候會(huì)忽略它,因?yàn)槿藗冇X得這些技術(shù)與自己無關(guān)但是當(dāng)某些技術(shù)與自己利益相關(guān)時(shí)人們就會(huì)在乎了,所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“這與他們當(dāng)前的關(guān)切有關(guān)”。
A選項(xiàng)“它簡(jiǎn)單易懂”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
B選項(xiàng)“它是由知名人士提倡的”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
C選項(xiàng)“它已被付諸實(shí)踐并被證明是正確的”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
12.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第三段第一句AttheturnofthecenturyintheUnitedStates,forexample,thedominanttheoryreflectedtheprevailingscientificbeliefintheimportanceofheredityindeterminingbehavior“例如,在世紀(jì)之交的美國(guó),占主導(dǎo)地位的理論反映了流行的科學(xué)信念,即遺傳在決定行為方面的重要性”,第二步,綜合理解,句子內(nèi)容就是C選項(xiàng)“行為是由社會(huì)背景決定的”,所以答案選C選項(xiàng)。
A選項(xiàng)“人的性格是由環(huán)境塑造的”,定位到第四段第一二句話Intheearlydecadesofthecentury,theseattitudesfellbackbeforetheadvanceofenvironmentalism.Thebeliefthatenvironmentshapespersonality,時(shí)間是本世紀(jì)早期,與題干不符,這里屬于反向干擾。
B選項(xiàng)“性狀由親本遺傳”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
D選項(xiàng)“觀點(diǎn)受到普遍信念的影響”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
13.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第五段倒數(shù)第一二三句Freudianconceptssweptinlikeawaveandrevolutionizedchildrearingpractices.Suddenly,mothersbegantohearabout“therightsofinfants”andtheneedfor“oralgratification.”Permissivenessbecametheorderoftheday.弗洛伊德的概念如浪潮般席卷而來,徹底改變了育兒實(shí)踐。突然間,母親們開始聽到“嬰兒的權(quán)利”和“口頭滿足”的需要。寬容成了當(dāng)時(shí)的風(fēng)氣。第二步綜合理解,因?yàn)楦ヂ逡恋碌睦碚摯嬖?,寬容成了社?huì)風(fēng)氣,所以母親會(huì)容忍嬰兒吸吮手指,因此答案選B選項(xiàng)“容忍嬰兒吮吸拇指的習(xí)慣”。
A選項(xiàng)“母親對(duì)嬰兒長(zhǎng)期的護(hù)理至關(guān)重要”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
C選項(xiàng)“意識(shí)到早期斷奶嬰兒的重要性”,定位到第四段最后一二句“沃森和巴甫洛夫的工作開始蔓延到公眾領(lǐng)域。母親反映了新行為主義,拒絕按需喂養(yǎng)嬰兒,拒絕他們哭了去抱他們,盡早斷奶避免長(zhǎng)期依賴”,由此可知這是巴甫洛夫觀念盛行的時(shí)候,與題干不符,這里屬于反向干擾。
D選項(xiàng)“厭倦了在孩子哭的那一刻就把他們抱起來”,同C選項(xiàng),屬于反向干擾。
14.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“幽默的”;B選項(xiàng)“否定的”;C選項(xiàng)“樂觀的”;D選項(xiàng)“包容的”。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第二段第一句Apoignantexampleisthedilemmathatparentsfindthemselvesintodayasaconsequenceofsuccessiveradicalchangesintheimageofthechildinsocietya
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