考研考博-英語-宿州職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宿州職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

沒有改革開放，就沒有今天的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。

祖國的地下到處都是埋藏著豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源。

弄得不好，就會前功盡棄。

不經(jīng)一事，不長一智。

青年人和老年人不同，女青年和老太太也不同，不考慮這些情況，恐怕就解決不好“代溝”問題。

【答案】Withoutthereformandopening-up,theeconomicwillnotbewelldevelopedliketoday.

Therearerichmineralresourcesatundergroundofourmotherland.

Ifscrewup,you'llbacktosquareone.

Afallinthepit;againinthewit.

Theyoungdiffersfromtheoldwhiletheyoungwomenandoldladyvaryalot,withoutattentiontothis,it'shardtosolvethe“generationgap”.

2.單選題

Itisnoteasytoremaintranquilwheneventssuddenlychangeyourlife.

問題1選項

A.calm

B.upset

C.steady

D.severe

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。tranquil“安靜的，平靜的；安寧的”；A選項calm“平靜的；沉著的”；B選項upset“心煩的；混亂的；弄翻的”；C選項steady“穩(wěn)定的；不變的；沉著的”；D選項severe“嚴峻的；嚴厲的；劇烈的；苛刻的”。句意：當事情突然改變你的生活時，保持平靜是不容易的。根據(jù)句中“Itisnoteasy不容易的”與“wheneventssuddenlychangeyourlife當事件突然改變你的生活時”可知tranquil在這里的意思應(yīng)為“平靜的”，因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

Thespeakerwasknowntobequitethe（）,sotheprogramwaswellattended.

問題1選項

A.raconteur

B.raquonteur

C.racquonteur

D.raqonteur

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項raconteur“健談?wù)?；擅長講故事的人”；B，C和D這三項在英語中不存在。句意：大家都知道這位演講者的確是一位健談?wù)?，所以這個節(jié)目有很多人參加。結(jié)合句意，故A選項正確。

4.填空題

Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstand

environments,harmfultoourselves.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Ahumans改為thatofhumans

【解析】【考查點】代詞指代。

【解題思路】根據(jù)語境，A部分指的是機器智能和人工智能相當，theintelligenceofrobots和A部分意思對應(yīng)，結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)對應(yīng)，用that指代theintelligence，因此A部分應(yīng)為thatofhumans。

【句意】隨著機器人的智能達到與人類相當?shù)乃剑约八鼈兊某杀就ㄟ^規(guī)模經(jīng)濟降低，我們可以利用它們來拓展我們的疆域，首先是在地球上，借用它們抵御對我們有害的環(huán)境的能力。

5.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtomake（

）fortheelderlypeopleinahousingprogram.

問題1選項

A.provision

B.admittance

C.assistance

D.condition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。provision“準備，規(guī)定，條款”；admittance“進入，入場權(quán)，通道”；assistance“幫助，援助”；condition“條件，情況，環(huán)境”。makeprovisionfor“為將來需要、困難做準備”。句意：當?shù)卣媱澰谧》宽椖可辖o老年人提供幫助。A項符合題意。

6.單選題

Intheletter,myfriendsaidthathewouldlovetohavemeasaguestinhis（）home.

問題1選項

A.humble

B.obscure

C.inferior

D.lower

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項humble“謙遜的，簡陋的”，B項obscure“昏暗的，晦澀的”，C項inferior“自卑的，下等的”，D項lower“下方的，下級的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞home（家，住宅）可知，空格處填入“簡陋的”最合適。句意：在信中，我的朋友說他很愿意我在他簡陋的家里做客。因此，該題A項正確。

7.單選題

IwassosicklastnightthatIfeltasiftheroom___round.

問題1選項

A.wouldgo

B.hadgone

C.weregoing

D.shouldgo

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：昨晚我病得很厲害，覺得房間里好像在轉(zhuǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知是“我”病得很厲害的這段時間覺得房間在轉(zhuǎn)，要用表示過去的時態(tài)，排除A選項和D選項；B選項是過去完成時，表示發(fā)生主語謂語動詞之前，一直延續(xù)到主句謂語動詞發(fā)生停止，則為先覺得房間在轉(zhuǎn)，再病得厲害，邏輯不正確；C選項時態(tài)和語態(tài)符合原題。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

TheuniquenessoftheJapanesecharacteristheresultoftwoseeminglycontradictoryforces:thestrengthoftraditionsandtheselectivereceptivitytoforeignachievementsandinventions.Asearlyas1860stherewerecountermovementtothetraditionalorientation.OneofthefamousspokesmenofJapan’s“Enlightenment”claimed“theConfuciancivilizationoftheEastseemstometolacktwothingspossessedbyWesterncivilization:scienceinthematerialsphereandasenseofindependenceinthespiritualsphere.”AnotherbreakofrelativeliberalismfollowedWorldWarI,whenthedemocraticidealismofPresidentWoodrowWilsonhadanimportantimpactonJapaneseintellectualsandespeciallystudents;butmoreimportantwastheLeninistideologyofthe1917BolshevikRevolution.Again,intheearly1930s,nationalismandmilitarismbecamedominant.

FollowingtheendofWorldWarII,substantialchangeswereundertakeninJapantoliberatetheindividualfromauthoritarianrestrains.Thenewdemocraticvaluesystemwasacceptedbymanyteachers,students,intellectuals,andoldliberals,butitwasnotimmediatelyembracedbythesocietyasawhole.Japanesetraditionsweredominatedbygroupvalues,andnotionsofpersonalfreedomandindividualrightswereunfamiliar.

Today,democraticprocessesareclearlyevidentinthewidespreadparticipationoftheJapanesepeopleinsocialandpoliticallife.Schooltextbooksemphasizeequalityoverhierarchyandrationalismovertradition;butinpracticethesevaluesareoftenmisinterpretedanddistorted,particularlybytheyouthwhotranslatetheindividualisticandhumanisticgoalsofdemocracyintoegoisticandmaterialisticones.

MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.Animportantfeatureofrelationshipsinmanyinstitutions,includingpoliticalpartiesanduniversitiesis,theoyabun-kobunorparent-childrelation.Thecorrespondingloyaltyoftheindividualtohispatronreinforceshisallegiancetothegrouptowhichtheybothbelong.Awillingnesstocooperatewithothermembersofthegroupandtosupportwithoutqualificationtheinterestsofthegroupinallitsexternalrelationsisstillawidelyrespectedvirtue.Theoyabun-kobuncreatesladdersofmobilitywhichanindividualcanascend,risingasfarasabilitiespermit,solongashemaintainssuccessfulpersonaltieswithasuperiorintheverticalchannel,thelatterrequirementusuallytakingprecedenceoveraneedforexceptionalcompetence.Asaconsequence,thereislittlehorizontalrelationshipbetweenpeoplewiththesameprofession.

1.ThespokesmanofJapan’s“Enlightenment”thoughtthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJapan’scultureistrue?

3.Therelationshipofoyabun-kobuncanbeonebetween（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.thetraditionalcultureshouldbereplacedbywesternmodernization

B.JapaneseoughttoforsaketheConfuciancivilizationoftheEast

C.theConfuciancivilizationinJapanshouldbedominant

D.Japanshouldintroducewesterncivilization

問題2選項

A.SubstantialchangesindemocraticprocesshavetakenplaceduringWorldWarH

B.NowadaysthetraditionalConfucianismisanecessarypartofthesocietyinJapan.

C.TodaytheConfucianismoutweighsthedemocraticvaluesysteminuniversitiesofJapan.

D.ThedemocraticideawasnotacceptedbythesocietyafterWorldWarII.

問題3選項

A.ashopownerandacustomer

B.aCEOandanemployee

C.apoliticianandanopponent

D.ajudgeandalawyer

問題4選項

A.respectforauthorityplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotion

B.westernvalueshaveoverwhelmedtraditionalJapaneseattitudes

C.colleaguesaremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanbefore

D.mostJapaneseworkersaremembersofasingleparty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“Ohespiritualsphere.’”日本“啟蒙運動”的一位著名發(fā)言人宣稱：“在我看來，東方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所擁有的兩樣東西：物質(zhì)領(lǐng)域的科學和精神領(lǐng)域的獨立意識?！币簿褪钦f，他認為日本應(yīng)該引進西方文明，選項D符合原文。

2.選項A應(yīng)該是一戰(zhàn)后，所以不正確；選項C明顯錯誤;根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thenewdemocratic...thesocietyasawhole.”可知選項D屬于完全否定，與原文表述不符;根據(jù)第四段第一句“MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.”大多數(shù)日本人都有意識地拒絕儒家思想,但舊秩序的殘余依然存在。也就是說，傳統(tǒng)儒學根深蒂固，是日本社會不可或缺的一部分。選項B正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動的梯子，一個人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級保持良好的個人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對非凡能力的需要。由此可以推斷，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下級之間的關(guān)系”，選項中只有B項符合要求。

4.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動的梯子，一個人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級保持良好的個人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對非凡能力的需要。作者其實是在暗示，尊重權(quán)威在晉升中扮演著更重要的角色。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

9.單選題

Veryfewpeopleunderstoodhislecture,thesubjectofwhichwasvery（）.

問題1選項

A.intelligible

B.obscure

C.dim

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：很少有人能理解他的演說，內(nèi)容太

。

intelligible可理解的，明白易懂的；obscure晦澀的，昏暗的；dim暗淡的，模糊的；conspicuous顯著的，出眾的。句子前半句說“很少有人能理解他的演說”，由此推斷，B項符合句意。

10.單選題

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

問題1選項

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我會考慮到這個地區(qū)其他農(nóng)民和商人對他的評價，然后決定是否批準貸款。

考查短語辨析。takeintoaccount考慮;重視;體諒;accountfor對…負有貴任：對…做出解釋;說明…的原因；makeupfor補償；彌補；makeout辨認出;說明;填寫;設(shè)法應(yīng)付。動詞短語的賓語是hisreputation(對他的評價)，因此A項符合句意。

11.單選題

Incourtherepeatedhis（

）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

問題1選項

A.impression

B.alliteration

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項impression“感想，印象，影響”；B選項alliteration“頭韻，頭韻法”；C選項clause“從句，分句，（法律文件等的）條款”；D選項assertion“斷言，聲稱，主張”。由Incourt（在法庭上）與hewasnotguilt（他是無罪的）可知D選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，他在陪審團面前重申了他是無罪的聲明。

12.單選題

Oneofthebiggest（

）totheeconomicreformofthisareahasbeenthelackofaccesstointernationalmarkets.

問題1選項

A.prophecies

B.transactions

C.arguments

D.hindrances

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。prophecy“預言”；transaction“交易”；argument“論證，爭吵”；hindrance“障礙，妨礙”。句意：這些領(lǐng)域經(jīng)濟改革中最大的障礙便是沒有進入國際市場。選項D符合題意。

13.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

IfRepublicansinCongressunitebehindDonaldTrump’sagenda,itwillnotbebecausetheyhavechangedtheirviewsoneconomics.WhateverMr.Trump’splansforbordertaxesandfiscalstimulus,mostRepublicansstillprofesstosupportfreetradeandloathegovernmentborrowing.(36)Instead,unityispossiblebecausetwoothergoalsbindthepresidentandhispartytogether.Thefirst,taxcuts,isausualpriorityfortheparty.Butthesecond,deregulation,onlyrecentlyrosetothesamestatus.Thecalltocutredtape（官樣文章，冗長的法規(guī)條文）isnowanemotiverallyingcryforRepublicans—moreso,intheheartsofmanycongressmen,thanslashingdeficits.Deregulationwill,theyargue,unleasha“confidentAmerica”inwhichbusinessesthriveandwagessoar,leavingeconomists,withtheirexcusesforthe“newnormal”oflowgrowth,redfaced.Aretheyright?

(37)ThestraightforwardmotivationforRepublicans’deregulatoryagendaistheirdisdainforPresidentBarackObama’slegacy,muchofwhichwasinstalledthroughregulatoryfiat.TheAffordableCareAct,betterknownasObamacare,requiredbureaucratstowritethousandsofpagesofnewrules;theDodd-Frankfinancial-reformbilldidthesame.(38)Whenlegislationwasnotforthcoming,theexecutivebranchthrewitsweightaroundinstead.ItassertedthattheCleanAirActgaveitwide-rangingpowerstofightclimatechange,andthattheCleanWaterActletitcleanupmanymorepondsandriversthaneverbefore.

(39)Buttottingupcostsandbenefitsishardlystraightforward.Anagencywhichsupportsaregulationcanobviouslynudgethenumbersinafavorabledirection.Bureaucratsmustsometimesmakevaluejudgments.Forinstance,theObamaadministrationcountedbenefitstoforeigncountrieswhenweighinguprulestoreducecarbonemissions.

Inanycase,cost-benefitanalysisagesbadly.Withoutupdatingit,itisdifficulttoknowhowmucholdregulationsweighontheeconomy.OneMercatusworkingpaperplugsthenumberofrulesineachindustryintoacomplexmodeloftheeconomy.Itfindsthatruleswrittensince1980havedampenedgrowthbyabout0.8percentagepointsayear.

(40)Republicansliketoputaboutthatsortoffigure,butitstrikesmanyeconomistsasimplausiblylarge.Eventhosesympathetictoderegulationarehesitanttoforecastthegrowtheffectsofaregulatorybonfire,preferringtostressthebenefitsoftaxcuts.Democrats,meanwhile,arescathingabouttheideathatrollingbackregulationswouldpepuptheeconomymuch.JasonFurman,whoadvisedMr.Obama,addsupthecostsofObama-erarulesandsaysitis“impossible”toseehowyouwouldaddevenatenthofapercentagepointtogrowthbyundoingthem.(TheTrumpadministrationpromisesgrowthof3.5%-4%,upfrom1.6%in2016,partlyonthebackofderegulation.)

【答案】36.相反，由于另外兩個目標將總統(tǒng)及其政黨緊密聯(lián)系，團結(jié)一致很有可能。第一，減稅是共和黨一貫主張的優(yōu)先事項。但第二點放松管制，直到最近才上升到同樣的地位。呼吁減少繁文縟節(jié)，是共和黨人如今的一種有力戰(zhàn)斗口號——在許多國會議員的心中，它比削減赤字更有分量。

37.共和黨人放松管制議程的直接動機是蔑視巴拉克?奧巴馬總統(tǒng)遺留政策，這其中大部分是通過監(jiān)管法令而確立的。

38.當立法還沒有出臺時，行政部門就開始指手畫腳，斷言被《清潔空氣法》賦予廣泛權(quán)力以應(yīng)對氣候變化，而因為《清潔水法》清理了比以往任何時候都多的池塘和河流。

39.但合計成本和收益并不簡單。支持監(jiān)管的機構(gòu)顯然可以把數(shù)字推向有利的方向。政府官員有時必須做出主觀價值判斷。

40.雖然共和黨人總是提這種數(shù)字，但許多經(jīng)濟學家認為這個數(shù)大得難以置信。即使那些贊同放松管制的人，也不愿去預測監(jiān)管對經(jīng)濟增長的影響，而更愿意強調(diào)減稅的好處。

14.單選題

Untilthe1980s,theAmericanhomelesspopulationcomprisedmainlyoldermales.Today,homelessnessstrikesmuchyoungerpartofsociety.Infact,a25-citysurveybytheU.S.ConferenceofMayorsin1987foundthatfamilieswithchildrenmakeupthefastestgrowingpartofthehomelesspopulation.Manyhomelesschildrengatherininnercities;thistransient(變化無常的)andfrequentlyfrightenedstudentpopulationcreatesadditionalproblems—bothlegalandeducational—foralreadyoverburdenedurbanschooladministratorsandteachers.

EstimatesofthenumberofhomelessAmericansrangefrom350,000tothreemillion.Likewise,estimatesofthenumberofhomelessschoolchildrenvaryradically.AU.S.DepartmentofEducationreport,basedonstateestimates,statesthatthereare220,000homelessschool-agechildren,aboutathirdofwhomdonotattendschoolonaregularbasis.ButtheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessestimatesthatthereareatleasttwotimesasmanyhomelesschildren,andthatlessthanhalfofthemattendschoolregularly.

Onepartofthehomelesspopulationthatisparticularlydifficulttocountconsistsofthe“throwaway”youthswhohavebeencastoftheirhomes.TheElementarySchoolCenterinNewYorkCityestimatesthatthereare1.5millionofthem,manyofwhomarenotcountedaschildrenbecausetheydonotstayinfamilysheltersandtendtolivebythemselvesonthestreets.

Federallaw,theStewartB.McKinneyHomelessAssistanceActof1987,includesasectionthataddressestheeducationalneedsofhomelesschildren.TheeducationalprovisionsoftheMcKinneyActarebasedonthebeliefthatallhomelesschildrenhavetherighttoafree,appropriateeducation.

1.Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.TheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessbelievesthatthenumberofhomelesschildrenis________.

3.Onepartofthehomelesspopulationisdifficulttoestimate.Thereasonmightwellbe________.

4.TheMcKinneyActismentionedinthispassageinordertoshowthat________.

5.Thepassagemainlydealswith________.

問題1選項

A.thereisaseriousshortageofacademicfacilities.

B.homelesschildrenaredeniedtheopportunityofreceivingfreeeducation.

C.thewriterhimselfishomeless,eveninhiseighties.

D.manyolderhomelessresidentsaregoingonstrikein25cities.

問題2選項

A.440,000

B.110,000

C.350,000

D.1,500,000

問題3選項

A.thehomelesschildrenusuallystayoutsideschool

B.somehomelesschildrenaredesertedbytheirfamilies

C.thehomelesschildrenaretooyoungbecountedaschildren

D.thehomelesspopulationisgrowingrapidly

問題4選項

A.theaddressofgradeschoolchildrenshouldbelocated

B.allhomelesspeopleareentitledtofreeeducation

C.theeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildrenarebeingrecognized

D.theestimatesonhomelesschildrenarehardtodetermine

問題5選項

A.thesocialstatusofoldermales

B.estimatesonthehomelesspopulation

C.thelegalproblemsofthehomelesschildren

D.theeducationalproblemsofhomelesschildren

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句thistransientandfrequentlyfrightenedstudentpopulationcreatesadditionalproblems—bothlegalandeducational—foralreadyoverburdenedurbanschooladministratorsandteachers.（這些四處流浪、飽受驚嚇的學生群體給已經(jīng)不堪重負的城市教學和教學管理帶來了法律和教育方面的額外麻煩。），可知第一段表達的是城市教學負擔不起那么多學生，A選項“教學設(shè)施嚴重短缺”正確。B選項“無家可歸的孩子被剝奪了接受免費教育的機會”，C選項“即使到了八十多歲，作者自己依然無家可歸”和D選項“許多無家可歸的老人正在25個城市舉行罷工”文中沒有提到，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句thereare220,000homelessschool-agechildren…ButtheNationalCoalitionfortheHomelessestimatesthatthereareatleasttwotimesasmanyhomelesschildren（美國有22萬無家可歸的學齡兒童……但全國無家可歸者援助聯(lián)盟估計,至少有兩倍的無家可歸的孩子），可知A選項“44萬”正確；B選項“11萬”，C選項“35萬”和D選項“150萬”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Onepartofthehomelesspopulationthatisparticularlydifficulttocountconsistsofthe“throwaway”youthswhohavebeencastoftheirhomes…manyofwhomarenotcountedaschildrenbecausetheydonotstayinfamilysheltersandtendtolivebythemselvesonthestreets.（在無家可歸的人口中，有一部分特別難以統(tǒng)計，那就是被拋棄的青少年……其中許多人沒有被算作兒童，因為他們沒有住在家庭庇護所，往往自己在街上生活。），所以B選項“有的無家可歸的孩子被他們的家人遺棄”正確。A選項“無家可歸的孩子通常呆在學校外面”，C選項“無家可歸的孩子還太小，不能算孩子”和D選項“無家可歸的人口正在迅速增長”文中沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Federallaw,theStewartB.McKinneyHomelessAssistanceActof1987,includesasectionthataddressestheeducationalneedsofhomelesschildren.TheeducationalprovisionsoftheMcKinneyActarebasedonthebeliefthatallhomelesschildrenhavetherighttoafree,appropriateeducation.（1987年的聯(lián)邦法律《斯圖爾特?B?麥金尼無家可歸者救助法案》中有一部分專門針對無家可歸兒童的教育需求?！尔溄鹉岱ò浮返慕逃龡l款是基于這樣一種信念，即所有無家可歸的兒童都有權(quán)利接受免費、合適的教育。），可知無家可歸兒童的教育問題受到社會關(guān)注，C選項“越來越多人意識到無家可歸兒童的教育問題”正確；A選項“小學兒童應(yīng)該被安置下來”和B選項“所有無家可歸的人都有權(quán)接受免費教育”是法案的部分內(nèi)容，不是表達的重點。D選項“無家可歸兒童的估計數(shù)量很難確定”：在這一段沒有體現(xiàn)。因此C選項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出無家可歸的兒童沒有足夠的教育資源，第二、三段講無家可歸的兒童的教育和生活狀況，第四段講法律幫助這些兒童，所以整篇文章在講無家可歸的兒童的教育問題，D選項“無家可歸兒童的教育問題”正確。A選項“年長男性的社會地位”：只有在文章第一句出現(xiàn)以引出下文。B選項“對無家可歸人口數(shù)量的估計”和C選項“無家可歸兒童的法律問題”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項正確。

15.單選題

Ⅱ.(EconomicLaw)

Considerfirstshareholders’votingrights.Asamatteroflawtheseareseverelylimitedinscope,principallytotherighttoelectandremovedirectors.Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness;theycannotstopdirectorsfromsquanderingrevenuesonemployeeraises,charitablecontributions,orexecutivejets;andtheycannotvotetosellthecompany’sassetsorthecompanyitself(althoughtheymayinsomecasesvotetovetoasaleormergerproposedbytheboard).Therulesofvotingprocedurefurtherlimitexerciseoftheshareholderfranchise.Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting,andshareholderswhowaitfortheregularlyscheduledannualmeetingtotrytoelectorremovedirectorsusuallymustpaytosolicitproxies.Finallyandperhapsmostsignificantly,inapublicfirmwithwidely-dispersedshareownership,shareholderactivismisapublicgood,andshareholders’own“rationalapathy”raisesanoften-insurmountableobstacletocollectiveaction.AsRobertClarkhasputit,acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.

Whataboutshareholders’righttosuecorporateofficersanddirectorsforbreachoffiduciarydutyiftheyfailtomaximizeshareholderwealth?Here,too,shareholders’“rights”turnouttobeillusory.Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.AsIhavepointedoutinwritingswithMargaretBlair,courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”.Contrarytotheshareholderprimacythesis,shareholderscannotrecoveragainstdirectorsorofficersforbreachoffiduciarydutysimplybecausethosedirectorsandofficersfavorstakeholders’interestsovertheshareholders’own.

55.ThefirstparagraphtellsusthefollowingBUT___.

56.Whichofthefollowingsentenceclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentence?

57.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatcanthecompanyofficersdo?

58.Courtshavenotalloweddirectorsofcompaniesto___.

問題1選項

A.Shareholdershavenorighttoelectandremovedirectors

B.Shareholderscanrequirethecompanytopaythemdividends

C.Shareholderscannotchangethelineofbusinessofthecompany

D.Shareholderscannotcallaspecialshareholders’meeting

問題2選項

A.Shareholdersinapubliccompanyhavenopoweratall.

B.Someonewantsthemanagerialpowertobelegitimate.

C.Theshareholdervotingisaceremonyforacompany.

D.Shareholders’votinginapubliccompanyhasnosubstantivemeaning.

問題3選項

A.Theycanusetheircorporatepositionforthemselves.

B.Theycanlineupforshareholders.

C.Theycanpursuenonshareholder-relatedgoalsaslongastheythinkitiscorrectinbusiness.

D.Theycancarryoutbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity.

問題4選項

A.usetheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets

B.donatecorporatemoneytochurches

C.rejectaprofit-makingprojectthatwouldpollutetheenvironment

D.refusetosellacompanyfortheinterestoftheneighborhood

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness（股東無權(quán)選擇公司的首席執(zhí)行官；他們不能要求公司支付他們一分錢的股息；他們不能投票改變或保留公司的業(yè)務(wù)范圍）可知B選項“股東可以要求公司支付股息”和原文相悖，A選項“股東無權(quán)選舉和罷免董事”和C選項“股東不能改變公司的業(yè)務(wù)”符合原文；第一段Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting…（例如，特拉華州的法律規(guī)定……）可知D選項“股東不得召開特別股東大會”符合原文。因此B選項符合題意。

56.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.（憤世嫉俗者很容易得出這樣的結(jié)論：上市公司的股東投票“不過是一種旨在給管理權(quán)力披上合法性外衣的儀式”），結(jié)合第一段所提到的法律對于股東權(quán)利的限制可知此處想表達股東的投票權(quán)沒任何意義，選D選項“上市公司的股東投票沒有實質(zhì)意義”；根據(jù)第一段可知股東還是有權(quán)利的，但是權(quán)利被限制，A選項“上市公司的股東根本沒有權(quán)力”太過絕對；B選項“有人希望管理權(quán)力是合法的”和C選項“股東投票是公司的一種儀式”和原文不符，排除。因此D選項正確。

57.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.（然而，在令人欣慰的商業(yè)判斷規(guī)則的外衣下，他們?nèi)匀豢梢宰杂傻刈非笃渌c股東無關(guān)的目標）可知選C選項“他們可以追求與股東無關(guān)的目標，只要他們認為這在商業(yè)上是正確的”；第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠誠的受托責任使高管和董事不能利用他們在公司的職位中飽私囊）可知A選項“他們可以利用公司的職位為自己服務(wù)”和原文相悖；B選項“他們可以排隊等股東”原文未涉及；第二段toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity（避免以損害債權(quán)人利益為代價的有風險的承諾；為了保護員工或社區(qū)，以高價擊退惡意收購）可知D選項“他們可以以犧牲當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)為代價來增加利潤”錯誤。因此C選項正確。

58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠誠的受托責任使高管和董事不能利用他們在公司的職位中飽私囊）可知選A選項“利用他們在公司的地位中飽私囊”；第二段courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”（法院一貫允許董事“將公司資金用于慈善目的；拒絕以犧牲當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)為代價增加利潤的商業(yè)策略；避免以損害債權(quán)人利益為代價的有風險的承諾；為了保護員工或社區(qū)，以高價擊退惡意收購”）可知B選項“把公司的錢捐給教堂”，C選項“拒絕一個會污染環(huán)境的盈利項目”以及D選項“拒絕為了社區(qū)的利益出售一家公司”都是法院所允許公司董事做的事，排除。因此A選項正確。

16.單選題

Idon'tthinkitisimpartialfortheprofessortoflunkmyChemistrytest.

問題1選項

A.unbiased

B.compatible

C.exonerative

D.effusive

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我不認為教授讓我的化學考試不及格是公正的。impartial意為公平的，不偏不倚的。unbiased公正的，無偏見的；compatible兼容的，可并立的；exonerative免罪的，免除的；effusive流出的，感情橫溢的。選項A與之意思最為相近。

17.單選題

Iamsureyouwouldhaveseenherifyou（

）thatevening.

問題1選項

A.hadturnedout

B.hadturnedon

C.hadturnedin

D.hadturnedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。turnout“結(jié)果是”；turnon“打開”；turnin“交上”；turnup“出現(xiàn)”。句意：我確信如果你那天晚上出現(xiàn)的話肯定能夠看到她。選項D符合題意。

18.單選題

Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdealoratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittleliaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned.Ideasaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow.

Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers’jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved,havinggivenhiswifeher"housekeeping",wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.

Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewasandstillisinclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseasanimportantthing,buthealsoconsideredtheeducationofhischildrenasextremelyimportant.Bothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.

Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuch,ifnotmore,thantheirmiddle-classsupervisors.Socialsecurityandlaws,combinedwithageneralriseinthestandardoflivingsincethemid-fiftiesofthe20thcentury,havemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabout"tomorrow".Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast.Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.

Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople.Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhavingagoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethaninpreviousgenerations.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid.Aslongasthisgapexists,therewillalwaysbeapossibilitythatnewconflictsandjealousieswillemerge,orratherthattheoldconflictswillre-appear,butbetweendifferentgroups.

1.Whichofthefollowingisseenasthecauseofclassdifferencesinthepast?