考研考博-英語-南京藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ourcountryhadmadegreateffortstopromotethefamily-planningpolicy,but（）thebirthrateisgettinghigherandhigher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asitwere

B.asitis

C.asitwas

D.asisit

【答案】C

【解析】asitwere可以說是，似乎就是，好像；asitis實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上，既然如此；asitwas事實(shí)上，結(jié)果

卻是；asisit搭配錯(cuò)誤。句意：我國為推行計(jì)劃生育政策做出了巨大的努力，但出生率卻越來越高。根據(jù)句意可知，句子的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該為過去時(shí)所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.問答題

ThefounderofAlibabaoncesaid“Singles’Day(November11)shoppingfestivalactivatedonlyatinypartofChina’sdomesticdemand,andhasstillalongwaytogotofullyunleashthegreatpotentialoftheChinesemarket.”Headdedthat:“AlibabawillholdSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalforatleast100years,andmakeSingles’DayashoppingfestivalfornotonlyChineseconsumersbutalsopeoplearoundtheworld.ThefestivalwilllastevenlongerthanAlibabaitself.”

ChineseshoppershavespentbigovertheSingles’Dayshoppingfestival,showingthecountry’sstrongeconomicrecoveryfollowingtheCovid-19epidemic.SalesonAlibaba’se-commerceplatformTmallexceeded372.3billionyuan(56.29billionU.S.dollars)betweenNov.1and12:30a.m.onNov.11.Attheshoppingpeak,583,000ordersweremadeinasinglesecondonTmall,settinganewonlineshoppingrecord.Morethan800millionshoppers,250,000brandsand5millionmerchantshaveparticipatedin2020Singles’Dayshoppingspree,accordingtoTmall.

SomeAmericaninvestorshavealreadybeguntodoubtifthefestivalwouldcomeattheexpenseoflowspendingpowerofChineseconsumersduringtherestoftheyear,whileotherinvestorsseemedtobemuchmoreworriedifAlibabawassellingfakeproductstoconsumers.Ananalystfurtherexplainedthat:“ThemajorreasonwhyinvestorsbegintocastdoubtontheeffectofSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalisthattheyworriedthatthisworld’shugest,biggestandcraziestshoppingdayoftheyearmightunderminebothconsumers’spendingpowerandbusinessowners’marketingability.”

Indeed,thelarge-scalediscountactivitiesonSingles’Daymightinterruptsomeconsumers’purchaseplanbeforeandaftertheshoppingfestival,otherconsumerswhoshoppedonlineslightlybeforethe“bigday”mighthavetowaitforextratimetohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtothem,andstillothersmightshopirrationallyandgetoverdrawn,thusregretfullyreturningmostoftheirgoods.BusinessownerswerealsoforcedtoseizetheopportunityonSingles’Dayanddoeverythingtheycould,includingpreparingenoughgoodsbeforethebigday,placingfakeordersonthebigday,onlytoattractconsumers’attentionandsellasmanygoodsaspossibleonthebigday.

ThefounderofanothermajorChineseonlineretailingplatformoncestatedtothemedia,saying,“Ithasalreadybecomeacommonpracticeforbusinessownerstoplacefakeordersononlineretailingplatforms,sinceboththeseplatformsandconsumersarewillingtorankabrandbasedonitssales.”

“Sincesomeonlineretailingplatformswouldlowerthepriceagreatdealtocompetewithotherplatformsinthepricebattle,wewouldevenbuybacktheproductsweprovidedtotheseplatformswithalowerpriceandthensoldthemwitharegularpriceontraditionalsaleschannels,”aseniorsalespersonnelofatraditionalbrandoncesuggested,“Wearealmostforcedtoplacefakeorderssincemanyconsumersprefertobuyproductswithhighersales.”

Nevertheless,mostbusinessownersseemednottobemakingmuchprofitoutoftheshoppingspreeoneverySingles’Day.Foronething,theyhadtospendmuchmoneyinplacingfakeordersandpromotingthemselves;foranother,theyhadtolowerthepricealotandmakeprofitmerelybylargesales,whichcouldbehighlyriskywhenthehighreturnratesistakenintoconsideration.

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext.

1)WhycannotwebetotallyoptimisticabouttheenormouslyhugesalesvolumeofAlibaba’sSingles’Dayshoppingfestival?(10points)

2)HowdoestheSingles’Dayshoppingspreeinfluenceconsumersandbusinessowners?(10points)

【答案】1)Therearetworeasonscanbelisted.ThefirstoneisthatSingles’Day(November11)shoppingfestivalactivatedonlyatinypartofChina’sdomesticdemand,andhasstillalongwaytogotofullyunleashthegreatpotentialoftheChinesemarket.Thesecondreasonisthatthisworld’shugest,biggestandcraziestshoppingdayoftheyearmightunderminebothconsumers’spendingpowerandbusinessowners’marketingability.

2)Singles’Daymightinterruptsomeconsumer’purchaseplanbeforeandaftertheshoppingfestival,otherconsumerswhoshoppedonlineslightlybeforethe“bigday”mighthavetowaitforextratimetohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtothem,andstillothersmightshopirrationallyandgetoverdrawn,thusregretfullyreturningmostoftheirgoods.BusinessownerswerealsoforcedtoseizetheopportunityonSingles’Dayanddoeverythingtheycould,includingpreparingenoughgoodsbeforethebigday,placingfakeordersonthebigday,onlytoattractconsumers’attentionandsellasmanygoodsaspossibleonthebigday.Atthesametime,mostbusinessownersseemednottobemakingmuchprofitoutoftheshoppingspreeoneverySingles’Day.

3.單選題

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。atthecostof以...為代價(jià)；onthevergeof瀕臨于，接近于；asaresultof因此，由于；forthesakeof為了。句意：人壽保險(xiǎn)為被保者的家屬提供經(jīng)濟(jì)保障,以防止因養(yǎng)家糊口的人去世而造成的損失。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.Thisistrueregardlessofage.

Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.Andsomeonewithahistoryofdoingmoreratherthanlesswillgointooldagemorecognitivelysoundthansomeonewhohasnothadanactivemind.

Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.“Theideaisnotnecessarilytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation,”saysJamesFozard,associatedirectoroftheNationalInstituteonAgain.“Mostofusdon’tneedthatkindofskill.Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmentalalertness.”Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyenjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.

GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays.“Intellectualactivityactuallyinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”

1.Peoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthyarethose______.

2.AccordingtoFozard’sargumentpeoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby______.

3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork______.

4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto______.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation

B.whoarehighlyintelligent

C.whosemindsarealertandreceptive

D.whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentsounds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.constantlydoingmemorywork

B.takingpartinvariousmentalactivities

C.goingthroughspecifictraining

D.makingfrequentadjustments

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.remainatheorytofurtherproved

B.havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts

C.havebeengenerallyaccepted

D.arepracticedbytheresearchersthemselves

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities

B.keepmentallyactivebychallengesthroughspecifictraining

C.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining

D.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howbiochemicalchangesoccurinthehumanbrain.

B.Whypeopleshouldkeepactivenotonlyphysicallybutalsomentally.

C.Howintellectualactivitiesinfluencebrain-cellhealth.

D.Whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Researchershaveestablishedthatwhenpeoplearementallyengaged,biochemicalchangesoccurinthebrainthatallowittoactmoreeffectivelyincognitiveareassuchasattentionandmemory.（研究人員已經(jīng)確定，當(dāng)人們動腦時(shí)，大腦中會發(fā)生化學(xué)變化，使其在注意力和記憶等認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域更有效地發(fā)揮作用。）和第二段第一句Peoplewillbealertandreceptiveiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatgetsthemtothinkaboutthingstheyareinterestedin.（當(dāng)人們面對的信息能讓他們思考自己感興趣的事情時(shí)，他們會變得警覺和容易接受。），說明認(rèn)識健康的人大腦在注意力和記憶等感知區(qū)域的活動更加增強(qiáng)，變得警覺和容易接受。因此C選項(xiàng)“大腦是警覺的容易接受的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“能記住大量信息的人”，B選項(xiàng)“具有高度智慧的人”，D選項(xiàng)“善于辨別不同聲音的人”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Fozardandotherssaytheychallengetheirbrainswithdifferentmentalskill,bothbecausetheyenjoythemandbecausetheyaresurethattheirrangeofactivitieswillhelpthewaytheirbrainswork.（福扎德和其他人說，他們用不同的腦力技能挑戰(zhàn)自己的大腦，既是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g這些技能，也是因?yàn)樗麄兇_信他們的一系列活動將有助于他們大腦的工作方式。），說明福扎德認(rèn)為腦力活動可以幫助大腦更有效地工作。因此B選項(xiàng)“參加各種腦力活動”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不斷做記憶工作”，由原文Theideaisnotnecessarilytolearntomemorizeenormousamountsofinformation（關(guān)鍵并不一定是學(xué)會記憶大量的信息）可知，福扎德認(rèn)為沒有必要持續(xù)做記憶方面的活動，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)歷特定的訓(xùn)練”，由原文Suchspecifictrainingisoflessinterestthanbeingabletomaintainmentalalertness.（這種特定的訓(xùn)練不如能夠保持精神上的警覺性來得有意義。）可知，福扎德認(rèn)為這種特定的訓(xùn)練也沒有必要，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常進(jìn)行調(diào)整”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Manyexpertsaresoconvincedofthebenefitsofchallengingthebrainthattheyareputtingthetheorytoworkintheirownlives.（許多專家對挑戰(zhàn)大腦的好處深信不疑，以至于他們將這一理論運(yùn)用到自己的生活中。），說明科學(xué)家們自己也正在把這種理論付諸實(shí)踐。因此D選項(xiàng)“被研究人員自己所實(shí)踐”正確。A選項(xiàng)“仍然是一種有待進(jìn)一步證明的理論”，B選項(xiàng)“受到了許多其他專家的質(zhì)疑”，由原文可知這個(gè)理論已經(jīng)被許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)可，所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“已被普遍接受”，原文沒有說該理論是否被廣泛接受，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第二句Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage（科恩說，隨著年齡的增長，我們經(jīng)常被建議保持體育鍛煉），說明多做體育活動是對老年人的一個(gè)普遍建議。因此A選項(xiàng)“通過參加體育活動來保持身體健康”正確。B選項(xiàng)“通過特定的訓(xùn)練來應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，保持思維活躍”，C選項(xiàng)“通過特定的訓(xùn)練保持精神上的警覺性”，D選項(xiàng)“保持個(gè)人和集體活動的平衡”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章闡述了除了體育活動，人們還應(yīng)多參加腦力活動，保持思維的活力。因此B選項(xiàng)“為什么人們不僅在身體上而且在精神上都應(yīng)該保持活躍”最能概括文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“人腦中的生化變化是如何發(fā)生的”，C選項(xiàng)“智力活動如何影響腦細(xì)胞的健康”在文中沒有提及，所以A,C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“為什么人們在年老時(shí)應(yīng)接受特殊的腦力訓(xùn)練”只是文章的一個(gè)方面，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.單選題

Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe（）us.Ithinkit’shightimewe（）strongactionsagainsthim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.betrayed…take

B.hadbetrayed…took

C.hasbetrayed…took

D.hasbetrayed…take

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和虛擬語氣。當(dāng)句子里有序數(shù)詞first/second/third...、副詞only或最高級best/worst/most的時(shí)候，后面的定語從句要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：ItisoneofthemostinterestingbooksI’veeverread．(這是我看過的最有趣的書之一。)，因?yàn)閠hatwasnot句子是過去時(shí)，這里應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)：hadbetrayed。It’s(high)time（是做……的時(shí)候了），后面的句子要用謂語要用過去時(shí)或者should+動詞原形，表示虛擬語氣，所以這里要用took。句意：這已經(jīng)不是他第一次背叛我們了，是我們采取強(qiáng)有力的行動對抗他的時(shí)候了。所以本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

HumidityissointenseinsomepartsofthetropicsthatEuropeansfindthattheyareunableto______it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintain

B.persist

C.endure

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。maintain“維持”；persist“堅(jiān)持；持續(xù)”；endure“忍耐，容忍”；sustain“維持，支撐”。句意：熱帶部分地區(qū)的濕度過于強(qiáng)烈以至于很多歐洲人難以忍受。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Wemust（）theproblemofpovertyassoonaspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abolish

B.tackle

C.remove

D.encounter

【答案】B

【解析】abolish廢除；tackle解決,

處理,

對付；remove移除；encounter遭遇,

邂逅。句意：我們必須盡快處理貧困問題。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

MotherNaturehasoutpacedscienceonceagain:thebarehumanfootisbetterforrunningthanonecushionedbyshoes.Whataboutthose$125hi-techrunningshoeswith648customcombinations?Tossthem,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinNature.

“Mostpeopletodaythinkbarefootrunningisdangerousandhurts,”DanielLieberman,aprofessoratHarvard,saidinapreparedstatement.“Butactuallyyoucanrunbarefootontheworld’shardestsurfaceswithouttheslightestdiscomfortandpain...Itmightbelessinjuriousthanthewaysomepeopleruninshoes.”

Liebermanused3-Dinfraredtrackingtostudythestrikestyleofthreegroupsofrunners:peoplewhohadalwaysrunbarefoot,peoplewhohadalwaysrunwithshoes,andpeoplewhohadswitchedfromshoetoshoeless.

Theyfoundthatwhenrunnerslaceuptheirmodernrunningshoesandtakeoff,about80percentlandheel-first.Barefootrunners—asHomosapienshadevolvedtobe—usuallylandtowardthemiddleorfrontofthefoot.

Withoutshoes,landingontheheelispainfulandcantranslateintoacollisionforcesome1.5to3timesbodyweight.“Barefootrunnerspointtheirtoesmoreatlanding,”whichhelpslessentheimpactby“decreasingtheeffectivemassofthefootthatcomestoasuddenstopwhenyouland,”MadhusudhanVenkadesan,anappliedmathematicspostdoctoralresearcherwhoalsoworkedonthestudy,saidinastatement.Butascushionedkickshavehitthestreets,thatinitialpainhasdisappeared,andrunnershavechangedtheirstride,leadingtoawayofhigh-impactrunningthathumanphysiologywasn’tevolvedfor—onethattheresearcherspositcanleadtoahostoffootandleginjuries.

Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethatourbodiesarestillbetterengineeredthanthosehi-techtrainers.Whentakingintoaccountourancientancestors,“humanshaveengagedinendurancerunningformillionsofyears,”theresearcherswroteintheirstudy.“Butthemodernrunningshoewasnotinventeduntilthe1970s.”

Despitethegrowingmovementofbarefootrunners,manyresearchersarecallingformoreevaluationbeforeallthosesweatyshoesareabandoned.“Thereisnohardproofthatrunninginshoes...causesinjuries,”WilliamJungers,aprofessoratStonyBrookUniversity,wroteinacommentarythataccompaniesthenewstudy.But,heasserted,“inmyviewthereisnocompellingevidencethatitpreventsthemeither.”And,asaboosttothebarefootargument,headded,“therearedatathatimplicateshoesmoregenerallyasaplausiblesourceofsometypesofchronicfootproblems.”

21.By“MotherNaturehasoutpacedscienceonceagain”,theauthormaymeanthat______.

22.Towhichofthefollowingcanthephrase“Homosapiens”(Para.4)bemostprobablyassociated?

23.Whydobarefootrunnerstendtopointtheirtoesmoreatlanding?

24.WhatisWilliamJungers’attitudetowardbarefootrunning?

25.Thebesttitleforthistextmaybe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MotherNaturemaynotnecessarilymakepeoplehealthy

B.theevolutionofNatureisfasterthantheprogressofscience

C.scientificdevelopmentcannotalwaysexcelthatofNature

D.Natureismoredependablethanmodernexercise

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Researchersintheexperiment.

B.Peoplewearingshoes.

C.Barefootrunners.

D.Modernhumans.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toreducethefriction.

B.Toenablethemtorunfaster.

C.Tobearmorebodyweight.

D.Tochangetheirstride.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Disagreeing.

B.Supporting.

C.Doubtful.

D.Indifferent.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hi-techShoesareHarmful

B.Don’tTossYourShoesAway

C.RunningBarefootIsaFashion

D.PeopleBorntoRun—Barefoot

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.By“MotherNaturehasoutpacedscienceonceagain”,theauthormaymeanthat______.21.通過說“大自然再次超越了科學(xué)”，作者的意思可能是______。

A.MotherNaturemaynotnecessarilymakepeoplehealthyA.大自然不一定使人健康

B.theevolutionofNatureisfasterthantheprogressofscienceB.自然的進(jìn)化比科學(xué)的進(jìn)步快

C.scientificdevelopmentcannotalwaysexcelthatofNatureC.科學(xué)的發(fā)展不可能總是超越自然的發(fā)展

D.NatureismoredependablethanmodernexerciseD.大自然比現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動更可靠

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干可以定位文章第一句“自然之母又一次勝過了科學(xué)：赤腳跑步比穿運(yùn)動鞋跑步更加有利”，從中可知，光著腳跑步比穿鞋子跑步更好，那么推斷，作者說這句話的意思是想表達(dá)遵循自然會比現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動更好，故D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)中的evolution在該處沒有提到，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

C選項(xiàng)表述太絕對，屬于曲解原文。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.Towhichofthefollowingcanthephrase“Homosapiens”(Para.4)bemostprobablyassociated?22.第四段中的“Homosapiens”一詞最可能與下列哪一個(gè)詞相聯(lián)系？

A.Researchersintheexperiment.A.實(shí)驗(yàn)中的研究人員。

B.Peoplewearingshoes.B.穿鞋的人們。

C.Barefootrunners.C.赤腳跑步者。

D.Modernhumans.D.現(xiàn)代人。

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】首先定位至第四段第二句“正如Homosapiens進(jìn)化到的那樣（hadevolvedtobe），赤腳跑步者通常是用腳的中部或前部著地”，結(jié)合上一句“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)跑步者系上現(xiàn)代跑鞋開始跑步時(shí)，大約80%的人腳跟先著地”；綜合理解可知，赤腳跑步者一般是腳的中部或前部著地，而穿上鞋的跑步者為了適應(yīng)鞋子，用腳跟先著地；那么可推斷，Homosapiens指的就是穿上現(xiàn)代鞋子的跑步者，B項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文意思，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

23.Whydobarefootrunnerstendtopointtheirtoesmoreatlanding?23.為什么赤腳跑步的人傾向于在著地時(shí)腳趾更指向地面？

A.Toreducethefriction.A.減少摩擦。

B.Toenablethemtorunfaster.B.讓他們跑得更快。

C.Tobearmorebodyweight.C.承受更多的體重。

D.Tochangetheirstride.D.改變他們的步幅。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“不穿鞋子跑步，用腳后跟著地是很痛苦的，而且會產(chǎn)生1.5到3倍體重的碰撞力”，以及第二句“赤腳跑步者在著地的時(shí)候更多地用到腳趾，這樣通過降低足部在突然停止時(shí)候的有效質(zhì)量，從而有利于減輕沖擊力”，可知，赤腳跑步如果用腳后跟著地會產(chǎn)生較大的摩擦力，所以赤腳跑步者更傾向于用腳趾先著地。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

24.WhatisWilliamJungers’attitudetowardbarefootrunning?24.威廉?榮格斯對赤腳跑步持什么態(tài)度？

A.Disagreeing.A.不同意的。

B.Supporting.B.支持的。

C.Doubtful.C.懷疑的。

D.Indifferent.D.冷漠的。

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章最后一句“而且，為了支持赤腳的觀點(diǎn)（asaboosttothebarefootargument），他補(bǔ)充說，‘有數(shù)據(jù)表明，鞋子更普遍地是某些類型的慢性足部問題的可信來源?！笨芍?，威廉?榮格斯對赤腳跑步的態(tài)度是支持的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

25.Thebesttitleforthistextmaybe______.25.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題可能是______。

A.Hi-techShoesareHarmfulA.高科技鞋有害健康

B.Don’tTossYourShoesAwayB.不要扔掉你的鞋子

C.RunningBarefootIsaFashionC.赤腳跑步是一種時(shí)尚

D.PeopleBorntoRun—Barefoot

D.赤腳者，天生就會跑步的人

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先定位文章首尾段中心句，第一段第一句“自然之母又一次勝過了科學(xué)：赤腳跑步比穿運(yùn)動鞋跑步更加有利”，以及最后一段第一句“盡管赤腳跑步的風(fēng)潮越來越熱，許多研究者呼吁在完全扔掉那些臭烘烘的運(yùn)動鞋之前，仍然需要進(jìn)行更多的評估”；然后看到文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章結(jié)構(gòu)是總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)，中間五段都是對赤腳跑步者和穿鞋跑步者的比較，用來支持赤腳跑步比穿鞋跑步更有利，而且其中最后一段在描述赤腳跑步提到了growingmovement（蓬勃發(fā)展的運(yùn)動）。綜合理解，可知，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的Harmful沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)與文章大意相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)沒有提到赤腳者天生會跑步，屬于無中生有。

9.單選題

Thereisgrowing（）amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedbyprotectedareasalone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.concession

C.conception

D.contention

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“共識，一致”，B選項(xiàng)concession“讓步，妥協(xié)”，C選項(xiàng)conception“構(gòu)想，懷孕”，D選項(xiàng)contention“爭論，觀點(diǎn)”。句意:生態(tài)學(xué)家們越來越一致認(rèn)為，僅靠保護(hù)區(qū)是不能充分保護(hù)生物多樣性的。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theone（

）theother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizing

B.reinforcing

C.multiplying

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)；reinforce加強(qiáng)，加固；multiply增加；increase增強(qiáng)，提高。

句意：相同的因素推動工資和物價(jià)同時(shí)上漲，二者相互促進(jìn)。這里指由于相互促進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)，所以選項(xiàng)B最為恰當(dāng)。

11.單選題

2.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Takeaholidayfromwork.

B.Worrylessaboutwork.

C.Takesomesleepingpills.

D.Workhardertoforgetallhertrouble.

【答案】B

【解析】W:IsthereanythingelseIcandotohelpmesleeptonight?

M:Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork.Iknow,Iknow,easiersaidthandone.

W:ShouldIstayhomefromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary,justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdidthedoctorsuggestthewomando?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生建議：Don’tworrysomuchaboutthingsofwork（少想工作），故選B。

12.單選題

Idon’tthinkhe’syetfoundhis______inlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.field

B.track

C.aquatic

D.archaic

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)field“領(lǐng)域，牧場，曠野”，B項(xiàng)track“軌道，足跡，蹤跡”，C項(xiàng)aquatic“水上運(yùn)動，水生植物或動物”，D項(xiàng)archaic為形容詞，表示“古代的，陳舊的”。由life（生活、人生）可知，C、D項(xiàng)可排除；把A、B項(xiàng)代入，只有B項(xiàng)最符合。句意：我覺得他還沒找到自己的人生軌跡。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infact,theeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.

Manymillionsofyearsago,theColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredfonnationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.

Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai,flowingwestoftheupwarp,extendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarp;iteventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-miIe-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago.

Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcold,rainandsnow,alongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocks,increasetheopportunitiesforerosion.Thecanyonwallscrumble;theriveracquiresacuttingtool,tonsofdebris;rainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarvesidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.InthefirstsentencetheauthorreferstotheGrandCanyonasa“wound”toindicatethat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheGrandCanyoncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsoferosionindifferentmountainranges.

B.ForcesthatmadetheGrandCanyons.

C.TheincreasingpollutionoftheColoradoRiver.

D.ThesuddenappearanceoftheGrandCanyon.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwascausedbysomeancientconvulsion

B.itspresenceisanembarrassmenttotheStateofColorado

C.itlookslikeaninjuryontheEarth’ssurface

D.itiscausedmanyvisitorstoinjurethemselves

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itscontoursareconstantlychanging.

B.Itcontainsapproximately14milliontonsofrock.

C.Itseruptionshaveincreasedinrecentyears.

D.Itisbeingerodedbytoxicwasteandpollutants.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了大峽谷主要是由于緩慢而有序的侵蝕作用形成；第二三段對大峽谷形成的原因和過程進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)分析；最后一段進(jìn)一步介紹大峽谷的進(jìn)一步形成是由于各種力的作用。因此B選項(xiàng)“大峽谷形成的各種力”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.（站在大峽谷的邊緣，凝視著地球表面這個(gè)巨大的傷痕，游客可能會認(rèn)為峽谷是由一些古老的震動造成的）可知C選項(xiàng)“看上去像是地球表面的傷痕”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.（緩慢地向后推進(jìn)高原，旁邊的峽谷露出新的巖石，侵蝕模式繼續(xù)進(jìn)行）可知大峽谷的輪廓在不斷變化，因此選A。

14.單選題

By1914,tenoftheWesternstateshadgrantedwomentherighttovote,but（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlyoneintheEast

B.onlyoneeasternstate

C.intheEastonlyonestatedid

D.onlyoneintheEasthad

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。前后句子的謂語相同，故后半句的謂語部分可省略。句意：到1914年，西部的十個(gè)州已經(jīng)賦予婦女投票權(quán)，但是東部只有一個(gè)州的婦女有投票權(quán)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Atfirst,the（

）ofcolorpicturesoveralongdistanceseemedimpossiblebutwithpainstakingeffortsandatgreatexpense,itbecameareality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)transaction“辦理，處理；業(yè)務(wù)，交易”；B選項(xiàng)transmission“播送，發(fā)射，傳送”；C選項(xiàng)transformation“變化，轉(zhuǎn)化”；D選項(xiàng)transition“轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：起初，遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸彩色圖片似乎是不可能的，但隨著人們的艱苦努力和花費(fèi)的巨大的代價(jià)，它終于變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。結(jié)合句意，表示傳輸彩色圖片，故B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

JimandMiketriedtomovethelargerockbuttheycouldnot（

）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arouse

B.provoke

C.budge

D.dodge

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。arouse“引起；喚醒；鼓勵(lì)”；provoke“驅(qū)使；激怒；煽動；惹起”；budge“使讓步；挪動”；dodge“躲避，避開”。句意：吉姆和邁克試圖把那個(gè)大石頭搬走，但他們不能移動它。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

Thailand'sPrimeMinistertoldthenationonalivetelevisionthatthegovernmentwasgoingto（）terrorists（）the"red-shirt"protesters.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hinder…from

B.distinguish…from

C.prevent..from

D.distinct…from

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。hinder…from妨礙，阻止；distinguish…from區(qū)分，辨別；prevent..from預(yù)防，防止；distinct…from與…不同。句意：泰國總理阿披實(shí)星期一在電視上對全國人民說，將把恐怖分子和紅衫軍抗議者區(qū)分開。只有B項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.單選題

AfterworkingwithEllenformanyyears,wekneweachotherverywellandestablishedagood________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rapport

B.rapine

C.prospect

D.rapture

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“rapport”，意為“親善；融洽；和睦關(guān)系”；B選項(xiàng)“rapine”，意為“掠奪；劫掠”；C選項(xiàng)“prospect”，意為“前途；預(yù)期；景色”；D選項(xiàng)“rapture”，意為“狂喜；歡天喜地；興高采烈”。句意：和艾倫一起工作多年后，我們彼此非常了解，并建立了__良好的關(guān)系__。本句表示“因?yàn)楹桶瑐愐黄鸸ぷ鞫嗄辏舜艘彩至私?，兩人之間建立了親密、和諧的良好關(guān)系”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hestayedupverylateattheparty.

B.Hedidn’tgohomeaftertheparty.

C.Hesuffersfromsleeplessness.

D.Heusedtobeinpoorhealth.

【答案】A

【解析】3.W:Youlooksobad.What’sup?

M:Myheadisspinning.Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.IguessIjustcan’ttakelatenightslikeIusedto.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：有關(guān)這個(gè)男人，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？由文中“Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.（昨天晚上我和一群朋友玩到很晚，直到三點(diǎn)才散。）”，可知A選項(xiàng)“Hestayedupverylateattheparty.（他熬夜參加聚會到很晚。）”符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“聚會結(jié)束后他沒有回家”；C選項(xiàng)“他失眠”；D選項(xiàng)“他過去身體不好”不符合原文。

20.單選題

Therearenotmanyteacherswhoarestrong（

）oftraditionalmethodsinEnglishteaching.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sponsors

B.contributors

C.advocates

D.performers

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。Sponsor“贊助者”；contributor“捐贈者”；advocate“倡導(dǎo)者，支持者”；performer“表演者”。句意：很多老師都不再強(qiáng)烈倡導(dǎo)傳統(tǒng)英語教學(xué)法了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

21.單選題

Manycratersontheearth'ssurfacewereprobablyformedbyverylargemeteorites（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smashingintothegroundandexploding

B.whichsmashedintothegroundandanexplosion

C.whensmashedintothegroundwasanexplosion

D.theysmashedintothegroundandexploded

【答案】A

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,meteorites為本句的邏輯主語,動作與邏輯主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,這里是分詞短語做后置定語。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

22.單選題

Hewasthekingoffarceandthemostinfluentialneoclassicalplaywright.Hischaracterswereusedto（）realpeople,andhewasinterestedinshowingtherealityofhumanweaknessasmuchaspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.depict

B.ridicule

C.amuse

D.imitate

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。depict“描述”；ridicule“嘲笑”；amuse“娛樂”；imitate“模仿”。句意：他是喜劇之王，也是最具影響力的新古典主義劇作家。他的劇中人物都用來描述真正的人物，并且他對盡可能展現(xiàn)人性的弱點(diǎn)充滿興趣。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

23.單選題

Iabsolutelyopposethe（

）thatprivatization（私有化）isnowinevitableinourindustry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notice

B.notion

C.impression

D.conscience

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。notice通知；notion概念，見解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。

句意：我完全反對認(rèn)為私有化在我們這個(gè)行業(yè)是不可避免的這種見解。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

24.單選題

Oneofthechieffunctionsofslangwordsistoconsolidateone’s（）withagroup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.introduction

B.superstition

C.identification

D.specification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)introduction“介紹；引進(jìn)；入門”；B選項(xiàng)superstition“迷信”；C選項(xiàng)identification“辨認(rèn)；認(rèn)