水利子項(xiàng)目東山垅灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告正文

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上/r/n精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上/r/n專(zhuān)心---專(zhuān)注---專(zhuān)業(yè)/r/n專(zhuān)心---專(zhuān)注---專(zhuān)業(yè)/r/n精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上/r/n專(zhuān)心---專(zhuān)注---專(zhuān)業(yè)/r/n /r/n1/r/n/r/n/r/n綜合說(shuō)明/r/n1/r/n·/r/n1/r/n/r/n灌區(qū)基本情況/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)位于貴溪市東部的流口鎮(zhèn)，灌區(qū)分布在信江河一級(jí)支流白洋河上中游，呈長(zhǎng)條狀分布，長(zhǎng)約7/r/nKm/r/n，最寬處約1500/r/nm/r/n。該灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)灌溉面積460/r/nha,/r/n灌區(qū)土地肥沃，水源豐富，適宜農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)，是貴溪市的主要產(chǎn)糧區(qū)之一。目前灌區(qū)內(nèi)主要以種植水稻為主，經(jīng)濟(jì)作物種植面積較小，主要品種有：蔬菜、花生、西瓜、大豆、油菜等。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)隸屬于貴溪市流口鎮(zhèn)管轄。灌區(qū)所在的流口鎮(zhèn)全鎮(zhèn)總面積45Km/r/n2/r/n，轄9個(gè)行政村、53個(gè)村小組。2003年統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字：全鄉(xiāng)總?cè)丝?9668人，全鄉(xiāng)現(xiàn)有耕地1145/r/nha/r/n。流口鎮(zhèn)灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)灌溉面積479ha，灌區(qū)內(nèi)的農(nóng)田為流口鎮(zhèn)/r/n6個(gè)村委會(huì)所屬，/r/n灌區(qū)共布設(shè)有2條支渠。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)于50年代初期由全鎮(zhèn)投勞投工興建，本次加固整治項(xiàng)目為灌區(qū)的一部分。干渠長(zhǎng)7.5/r/nKm/r/n，底寬/r/n1.0m～1.6m，邊坡系數(shù)在0～1.5之間/r/n，底坡1/3000，大部分為傍山梯形土石渠且未襯護(hù)。/r/n灌區(qū)自建成運(yùn)行至今，由于設(shè)施不配套，年久失修，存在渠道淤積、局部存在渠身滲漏、邊坡穩(wěn)定等問(wèn)題。/r/n目前東山垅灌區(qū)灌溉面積只有287ha，只占設(shè)計(jì)灌溉面積的60%。/r/n1/r/n·/r/n2/r/n/r/n水文氣象/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)位于信江河一級(jí)支流白洋河流域。本項(xiàng)目區(qū)屬亞熱帶季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，氣候溫和，四季分明，陽(yáng)光充足，無(wú)霜期長(zhǎng)，適宜種植各種作物。/r/n灌區(qū)多年平均氣溫18.2/r/n℃/r/n，實(shí)測(cè)極端最高氣溫為41/r/n℃/r/n，實(shí)測(cè)極端最低氣溫-9.3/r/n℃/r/n；多年平均相對(duì)濕度為81%；多年平均日照小時(shí)數(shù)為1977.6/r/nh/r/n；多年平均無(wú)霜期283/r/nd/r/n；灌區(qū)內(nèi)多年平均蒸發(fā)量為1572/r/nmm/r/n（200/r/nmm/r/n蒸發(fā)皿）；灌區(qū)內(nèi)多年平均風(fēng)速為2.0/r/nm/r/n//r/ns/r/n；多年平均降雨量為1888.2/r/nmm/r/n，降雨年內(nèi)分配不均，4/r/n—/r/n6月降雨量占全年的49%，降雨年際變化也很大，實(shí)測(cè)最大年降雨量/r/n2736.2/r/nmm/r/n，是最小年降雨量/r/n1056.8/r/nmm/r/n的2.59倍；暴雨常發(fā)生在4～7月份，尤其是6月份發(fā)生暴雨機(jī)率最大，多年平均最大24/r/nh/r/n暴雨值為130.0/r/nmm/r/n。/r/n壩址多年平均流量19.89/r/nm/r/n3/r/n/s/r/n，年徑流總量/r/n6.27/r/n×10/r/n8/r/nm/r/n3/r/n。設(shè)計(jì)保證率/r/nP=80/r/n%時(shí)代表年的年平均流量/r/n為14.95/r/nm/r/n3/r/n/s/r/n，相應(yīng)典型年為1996年。/r/n灌區(qū)的內(nèi)澇按24小時(shí)暴雨在24/r/nh/r/n內(nèi)排至作物耐淹深度的原則治理。經(jīng)計(jì)算灌區(qū)十年一遇設(shè)計(jì)24/r/nh/r/n暴雨值為200.1/r/nmm/r/n，相應(yīng)平排流量為2.32m/r/n3/r/n/s。/r/n1/r/n·/r/n3工程地質(zhì)/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)位于白洋河河流域，盛源火山沉陷盆地西部，屬?zèng)_洪積堆積及山麓堆積地貌。周邊第四系覆蓋層薄，山體植被稀少，主要為松樹(shù)和雜草，基巖多為裸露。灌區(qū)由東干渠、西干渠等2條干渠組成，從南至北呈長(zhǎng)條帶狀，地形平緩，南面稍高北較低，地面高程33.0～80.0m。東山垅灌區(qū)分布的土壤主要為粘性土和砂土。其中粘性土主要為礫質(zhì)粘土、粉質(zhì)壤土，厚1～4m，土體呈可塑狀，透水性微弱，普遍分布于整個(gè)灌區(qū)；東山垅灌區(qū)地下水主要為第四系孔隙潛水，孔隙潛水主要賦存于砂、砂礫卵石及砂礫石層中，其透水性較強(qiáng)，水量豐富，主要受大氣降水及渠道水補(bǔ)給，排泄于白洋支流，流向河谷，勘探時(shí)地下水位埋深0.2～2m。現(xiàn)東山垅灌區(qū)不存在沼澤化問(wèn)題，同時(shí)地下水礦化度低，也不存在鹽堿化問(wèn)題。/r/n1/r/n·/r/n4項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的必要性和可能性/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)渠系及渠系建筑物經(jīng)五十多年的運(yùn)行，已出現(xiàn)了不同程度的老化和損壞?，F(xiàn)狀存在的主要問(wèn)題有：/r/n（1）局部渠道滲漏嚴(yán)重。主要存在于半挖半填的土質(zhì)渠段，原因?yàn)槭┕r(shí)填土未夯實(shí)，土料差。/r/n（2）邊坡穩(wěn)定性差。主要存在于深挖方渠段，挖方深度達(dá)7~10m，且渠道開(kāi)挖邊坡較陡，局部甚至為直立或倒坡。/r/n（3）渠道淤積嚴(yán)重。東山垅灌區(qū)干渠淤積相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重，其主要原因是：/r/n⑴/r/n由于渠道兩側(cè)開(kāi)挖邊坡陡，邊坡穩(wěn)定條件較差，局部渠段已出現(xiàn)邊坡失穩(wěn)，造成渠道淤積；/r/n⑵/r/n渠道橫穿村莊，村民的生活垃圾和建筑垃圾倒入渠中造成該兩段渠道嚴(yán)重淤積；/r/n⑶/r/n渠道沿線沖溝發(fā)育，山洪季節(jié)坡面水及溪水挾帶泥沙進(jìn)入渠道；/r/n⑷/r/n渠道內(nèi)雜草叢生，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查時(shí)沿線只見(jiàn)雜草不見(jiàn)渠道，另外渠道內(nèi)多處有人工堆石體，其用途是村民為了引水灌溉以提高渠道水深。/r/n（4）渠道進(jìn)水口沒(méi)有安設(shè)閘門(mén)，整個(gè)灌區(qū)均沒(méi)有設(shè)置量水設(shè)施。/r/n（5）支渠以下渠道灌排不分，既用于灌水，又作為排水，多數(shù)農(nóng)田直接從支渠上取水，采用串、漫灌方式進(jìn)行灌溉，造成灌溉用水不均，且水量浪費(fèi)較嚴(yán)重。/r/n鑒于上述/r/n種種/r/n原因，對(duì)現(xiàn)狀渠道進(jìn)行加固、防滲、清淤；對(duì)現(xiàn)有渠系建筑物進(jìn)行改建、加固；完善田間灌排系統(tǒng)，提高灌溉水利用率，增加灌區(qū)有效灌溉面積是非常必要的/r/n，也是非?？尚械?，具體體現(xiàn)在：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）水源充足。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)的水源/r/n——/r/n包括東山垅水庫(kù)、太樹(shù)垅水庫(kù)、盤(pán)石水庫(kù)、楊家垅水庫(kù)和豐米塘水庫(kù)，總庫(kù)容601.0萬(wàn)方。/r/n（2）農(nóng)民積極性高。設(shè)計(jì)中我們?cè)啻芜M(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)踏勘并與農(nóng)民代表座談，農(nóng)民代表們大多表示：加固、維修渠道，改善灌溉設(shè)施，增加灌區(qū)有效灌溉面積；調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)；增加農(nóng)民收入，農(nóng)民的積極性很高，也很受歡迎。/r/n1/r/n·/r/n5灌區(qū)水利計(jì)算/r/n根據(jù)貴溪市有關(guān)部門(mén)進(jìn)行的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查和灌區(qū)內(nèi)農(nóng)民反饋的意見(jiàn)，項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)主要作物品種為水稻、大豆、花生、綠肥、油菜及蔬菜等，根據(jù)灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)水平年的作物組成計(jì)算得灌區(qū)復(fù)種指數(shù)為/r/n2./r/n67。/r/n本灌區(qū)農(nóng)作物以水稻為主，水稻是灌區(qū)的用水大戶(hù)，水稻灌溉制度選用間歇灌溉制度。旱作物的灌溉制度以典型調(diào)查資料為主，并結(jié)合其它部分省份的旱作物灌溉試驗(yàn)資料同時(shí)參照水利電力出版社《灌溉管理手冊(cè)》有關(guān)資料以及項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)農(nóng)民參與活動(dòng)中的調(diào)查情況綜合確定。/r/n根據(jù)東山垅灌區(qū)的灌溉定額分析成果，按滿(mǎn)足灌區(qū)最大用水量的要求的原則推求灌溉設(shè)計(jì)流量。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)代表年逐月用水量情況，確定按用水量最大的8月份計(jì)算灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)凈流量。考慮到灌區(qū)用水量在月內(nèi)分配也是不均勻的，參考部分鄰近工程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及農(nóng)民參與活動(dòng)中的調(diào)查情況，確定本灌區(qū)的用水量不均勻系數(shù)為1.2。由此計(jì)算得東山垅灌區(qū)單位公頃設(shè)計(jì)凈流量為0.00103/r/nm/r/n3/r/n/s。/r/n/r/n由于田間和渠道存在水量損失，故灌溉引用流量應(yīng)考慮田間和渠道水量損失的影響。根據(jù)本次設(shè)計(jì)的渠道防滲措施及本灌區(qū)內(nèi)土壤特性，確定渠系水利用系數(shù)為0.65，水稻田間水利用系數(shù)為0.95，由此確定本灌區(qū)的灌溉水利用系數(shù)為0.62，單位公頃設(shè)計(jì)流量為0.0017m/r/n3/r/n/s，相應(yīng)整個(gè)灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)流量為0.814/r/nm/r/n3/r/n/s。/r/n1/r/n·/r/n6水利工程設(shè)計(jì)/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)灌溉總面積為466ha(即7185畝)，灌溉渠道及渠系建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)灌溉流量為0.8m/r/n3/r/n/s，根據(jù)《灌溉與排水工程設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》GB50288/r/n—/r/n99中的規(guī)定，該工程主要建筑物級(jí)別為5級(jí)。灌區(qū)主要建筑物設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為十年一遇的洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。/r/n（1）灌溉/r/n根據(jù)灌區(qū)地形、地質(zhì)條件及耕地分布情況，東山垅灌區(qū)由一條總干渠、4條支渠組成。干渠總長(zhǎng)7.5Km，支渠總長(zhǎng)2.4Km。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)為自流灌區(qū)，主要是為灌區(qū)補(bǔ)充水量，根據(jù)《灌溉與排水工程設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》（GB50288/r/n—/r/n99）有關(guān)規(guī)定，渠系水利用系數(shù)取0.65，水稻田間水利用系數(shù)取0.95，灌區(qū)灌溉水利用系數(shù)為0.62。設(shè)計(jì)流量據(jù)灌溉制度按時(shí)段用水量分析計(jì)算確定，計(jì)算成果見(jiàn)表6.1和表6.2。渠道加大流量取設(shè)計(jì)流量的1.3倍，最小流量不小于設(shè)計(jì)流量的40%，即最小流量取設(shè)計(jì)流量的60%。/r/n東山垅干渠總長(zhǎng)7.5km，現(xiàn)狀已經(jīng)建成，斷面底寬1.0～1.6米不等，邊坡系數(shù)在0～1.5之間。該渠道為土質(zhì)渠道，底坡為1／3000。經(jīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)有渠道過(guò)流能力的復(fù)核，現(xiàn)有渠道斷面完全滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)要求。目前，渠道存在的主要問(wèn)題是：（1）渠道流速較小，斷面較大，淤積較嚴(yán)重；（2）部分為邊挖邊填段，填方渠岸單薄，經(jīng)常倒塌；（3）部分段為深挖方段，邊坡易滑塌。本次設(shè)計(jì)繼續(xù)采用現(xiàn)狀干渠渠道縱坡，橫斷面基本保持不變，僅對(duì)其進(jìn)行清淤、削坡、加高加固。/r/n（2）排水/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)工程等級(jí)為5級(jí)，主要建筑物設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為十年一遇洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此泄水建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為十年一遇的洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。排洪渠布置時(shí)充分利用現(xiàn)有排洪溝渠，根據(jù)灌區(qū)地形和現(xiàn)狀情況，在干渠上設(shè)泄洪涵閘3座，同時(shí)灌區(qū)內(nèi)共設(shè)排洪干渠1條（利用老河道），排洪支渠3條。根據(jù)水文資料分析計(jì)算，灌區(qū)內(nèi)單位公頃的十年一遇的排水流量為0.0232m/r/n3/r/n/s，灌區(qū)外山溪洪水的十年一遇洪峰流量為0.0705m/r/n3/r/n/s。排洪渠設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)水流量均按此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)算。/r/n1/r/n·/r/n7施工/r/n本工程區(qū)域?qū)賮啛釒Ъ撅L(fēng)氣候區(qū)，氣候溫濕，四季分明，陽(yáng)光充足，雨水充沛。多年平均氣溫18.2/r/n℃/r/n，多年平均相對(duì)濕度為81%；多年平均蒸發(fā)量為1572mm(200mm蒸發(fā)皿）；多年平均日照時(shí)數(shù)1977.6h；多年平均無(wú)霜期283d；多年平均降雨量1888.2mm，其中4～6月份降雨占全年總降雨量的49%，/r/n為避免雨季施工，減少對(duì)正常農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的干擾，選擇施工期為/r/n200/r/n5年12月至2006年4月和/r/n200/r/n6年11月至2007年3月。/r/n貴塘公路在灌區(qū)的中部南北向穿過(guò)，工程對(duì)外交通方便，灌區(qū)內(nèi)有機(jī)耕道干支道連通，交通條件較好。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)工程由灌溉渠（包括干、支、斗渠）和排水渠（包括干、支、斗渠）等灌排系統(tǒng)、渠系建筑物和田間道路等四大項(xiàng)目組成。本工程施工特點(diǎn)：工作戰(zhàn)線長(zhǎng)，建筑物分散，故施工場(chǎng)地也較分散，相互干擾小；另外本工程主要是土石方工程和砌石工程，施工場(chǎng)地分散，可以全面鋪開(kāi)，且施工工藝簡(jiǎn)單，難度小。整個(gè)工程要求10完成。/r/n本工程主要工程量有：土石方開(kāi)挖工程82889/r/nm/r/n3/r/n、土石方填筑工程71492/r/nm/r/n3/r/n、漿砌石工程6410/r/nm/r/n3/r/n、砼工程1280/r/nm/r/n3/r/n、U型槽襯砌27685/r/nm/r/n、砂礫石路面75045m/r/n2/r/n，鋼筋制安47t。主要材料用量：水泥991t、鋼材51T、砂4746m/r/n3/r/n、卵石18630m/r/n3/r/n、塊石6922m/r/n3/r/n。施工總工日1.94萬(wàn)工日。/r/n1/r/n·/r/n8環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)與環(huán)境保護(hù)/r/n項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)目前還未對(duì)流域和灌區(qū)內(nèi)的水質(zhì)、空氣質(zhì)量、噪聲等進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)，但從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)和調(diào)查中得知，灌區(qū)內(nèi)及流域內(nèi)無(wú)水質(zhì)、空氣污染源和大的噪聲源，環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀較好。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀植被較好，水土流失并不嚴(yán)重。本工程施工期間，可能產(chǎn)生一些廢水、廢氣、廢油及機(jī)械噪聲，會(huì)對(duì)灌區(qū)周?chē)h(huán)境造成一定污染，施工時(shí)會(huì)破壞現(xiàn)有植被，可能造成水土流失；施工時(shí)對(duì)項(xiàng)目區(qū)的交通狀況也會(huì)有所影響。/r/n本項(xiàng)目實(shí)施后，干、支渠內(nèi)的滲漏量大幅減少，提高了渠系水利用率，減少了水庫(kù)放水總量，增加了下游徑流量。也可使灌區(qū)實(shí)際灌溉面積由現(xiàn)狀287/r/nha/r/n提高到479/r/nha/r/n，極大地改善灌區(qū)的社會(huì)環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境，有利于灌區(qū)發(fā)展綠色、高效農(nóng)業(yè)，對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)平衡將有積極影響。/r/n1/r/n·/r/n9工程管理和維護(hù)/r/n按照/r/n“/r/n建立經(jīng)濟(jì)自立灌排區(qū)/r/n(SIDD)/r/n”/r/n的要求，東山垅灌區(qū)組建農(nóng)田灌溉供水組織/r/n(/r/nWSO/r/n)/r/n和農(nóng)民用水者協(xié)會(huì)/r/n(WUAS)/r/n兩個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)。其中供水組織/r/n(WSO)/r/n是灌區(qū)水量的供應(yīng)者，主要職責(zé)是對(duì)支渠以上的渠道及渠系建筑物實(shí)行統(tǒng)一管理，對(duì)灌溉水源實(shí)行統(tǒng)一調(diào)配；農(nóng)民用水者協(xié)會(huì)/r/n(WUAS)/r/n是根據(jù)灌區(qū)灌溉用水者的意愿，由項(xiàng)目受益人參與而建立的，用水者協(xié)會(huì)的主要職責(zé)是對(duì)支渠以下工程實(shí)行統(tǒng)一管理，對(duì)灌溉用水實(shí)行統(tǒng)一調(diào)配，也就是用水者直接參與配水管理。/r/n供水組織的管理保護(hù)范圍為攔河壩、干支渠及其渠系建筑物、排洪渠及排水支渠沿線范圍，農(nóng)民用水者協(xié)會(huì)的管理保護(hù)范圍為支渠以下的斗渠、干斗渠以及田間灌排系統(tǒng)和機(jī)耕道等配套設(shè)施。/r/n供水組織負(fù)責(zé)干支渠水量調(diào)配以及放水量的統(tǒng)計(jì)。東山垅灌區(qū)用水調(diào)度原則是：按照用水者協(xié)會(huì)用水要求供水，在用水高峰期采用續(xù)灌方式，一般灌溉期則采用輪灌的方式。用水者協(xié)會(huì)委派下屬的用水小組放水員負(fù)責(zé)向本小組農(nóng)戶(hù)的田間配水并記錄配水時(shí)間。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施后維護(hù)的主要項(xiàng)目有干渠、支渠、斗渠、渠系建筑物、量水設(shè)施、機(jī)耕道和田間道路等。各設(shè)施的維護(hù)，必須實(shí)行日檢查制、報(bào)告制（包括用水者），本著預(yù)防為主，防重于修，修重于搶的原則來(lái)進(jìn)行。當(dāng)建筑設(shè)施發(fā)生缺損時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行修理，防止缺陷擴(kuò)大。特別是汛期和旱期嚴(yán)重時(shí)期，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)巡查，合理調(diào)度，以確保工程安全，一旦出現(xiàn)險(xiǎn)情，應(yīng)立即報(bào)告，盡快搶修。/r/n1/r/n·/r/n10投資概算/r/n概算編制辦法及費(fèi)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依據(jù)水利部水總（2002）116號(hào)文頒發(fā)的《水利工程設(shè)計(jì)概（估）算費(fèi)用構(gòu)成及計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》/r/n，/r/n定額依據(jù)水利部水總（2002）116號(hào)文頒發(fā)的《水利建筑工程概算定額》、水利部水總（2002）116號(hào)文頒發(fā)的《水利工程機(jī)電設(shè)備安裝定額》、水利部水總（2002）116號(hào)文頒發(fā)的《水利工程施工機(jī)械臺(tái)時(shí)費(fèi)定額》。/r/n主要材料價(jià)格，按貴溪市/r/n200/r/n7年2季度的市場(chǎng)價(jià)格確定，并按有關(guān)文件規(guī)定計(jì)算運(yùn)輸費(fèi)；另外根據(jù)江西省水利廳贛水建管字[2003]111號(hào)文的規(guī)定，水泥以280元/t、鋼筋以2600元/t為基價(jià)，實(shí)際材料價(jià)格低于基價(jià)時(shí)按實(shí)際材料價(jià)格進(jìn)入工程單價(jià)，實(shí)際材料價(jià)格高于基價(jià)時(shí)按基價(jià)進(jìn)入工程單價(jià)，其價(jià)格之差作為材料價(jià)差放在工程單價(jià)分析表稅金之前；/r/n工程概算靜態(tài)總投資148.46萬(wàn)元，工程總投資148.46萬(wàn)元。基本預(yù)備費(fèi)費(fèi)率8％。/r/n1/r/n·/r/n11工程經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)工程經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)是按水利部1994年發(fā)布的《水利建設(shè)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)規(guī)范》（SL72/r/n—/r/n94）進(jìn)行的，社會(huì)折現(xiàn)率I/r/nS/r/n=12%，計(jì)算期為21年，其中建設(shè)期1年，正常運(yùn)行期20年。國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)，采用影子價(jià)格。/r/n經(jīng)計(jì)算，國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)部收益率為14.76%，經(jīng)濟(jì)凈現(xiàn)值為119.07萬(wàn)元。經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)部收益率大于社會(huì)折現(xiàn)率12%，經(jīng)濟(jì)凈現(xiàn)值大于零，可見(jiàn)投資者為該工程付出代價(jià)后，除得到符合社會(huì)折現(xiàn)率12%的社會(huì)盈余外，還可以得到119.07萬(wàn)元現(xiàn)值的超額社會(huì)盈余；另/r/n外，經(jīng)敏感性分析得知，本灌區(qū)工程具有較強(qiáng)的抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力。所以，該工程在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是合理的，也是可行的。/r/n水文氣象/r/n2/r/n·/r/n1流域概況/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)位于信江河一級(jí)支流白洋河流域。白洋河流域全部位于貴溪市境內(nèi)，發(fā)源于源出弋陽(yáng)縣龍蓬嶺西藏自治區(qū)麓，北流經(jīng)白洋壩，于金盤(pán)山交貴溪境，為兩縣界河，再流經(jīng)盛源鄉(xiāng)新溪蘇汪、尖山黃家等地，至流口入信江。境內(nèi)有板橋支流，源于雙峰嶺，北向縱流盛源鄉(xiāng)，于軍田畈匯入主流。自白洋壩以下主流長(zhǎng)10.5公里面，平均坡降1.33%，流域內(nèi)多年平均徑流深1050毫米，年徑流量0.34億立方米，境內(nèi)流域面積32.2平方公里面。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)以上的白洋河板橋支流流域主要蓄水工程情況詳見(jiàn)表2.1。/r/n灌區(qū)以上流域主要水利工程情況表/r/n表2.1/r/n工程/r/n名稱(chēng)/r/n控制流域面/r/n(Km/r/n2/r/n)/r/n總庫(kù)容/r/n（/r/n×10/r/n4/r/n）/r/n興利庫(kù)容（/r/n×10/r/n4/r/n）/r/n工程/r/n等別/r/n調(diào)節(jié)能力/r/n大壩/r/n壩型/r/n最大壩高/r/n(m)/r/n是否進(jìn)行安全鑒定/r/n東山垅水庫(kù)/r/n2.1/r/n310/r/n242.3/r/n小(一)型/r/n年調(diào)節(jié)/r/n粘土心墻土壩/r/n12.0/r/n已進(jìn)行并列入國(guó)家計(jì)劃/r/n太樹(shù)垅水庫(kù)/r/n0.88/r/n62.0/r/n48.2/r/n小(一)型/r/n年調(diào)節(jié)/r/n均質(zhì)土壩/r/n10.61/r/n已除險(xiǎn)加固/r/n紅領(lǐng)巾水庫(kù)/r/n0.66/r/n33.0/r/n18.2/r/n小(一)型/r/n年調(diào)節(jié)/r/n均質(zhì)土壩/r/n12.90/r/n已除險(xiǎn)加固/r/n石塘水庫(kù)/r/n0.41/r/n37.0/r/n31.3/r/n小(一)型/r/n年調(diào)節(jié)/r/n均質(zhì)土壩/r/n8.74/r/n已除險(xiǎn)加固/r/n合計(jì)/r/n=SUM(ABOVE)/r/n4.05/r/n=SUM(ABOVE)/r/n442/r/n=SUM(ABOVE)/r/n340/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)土地肥沃，水源豐富，適宜農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)，是貴溪市的主要產(chǎn)糧區(qū)之一。目前灌區(qū)作物以水稻為主，其次是蔬菜、花生、大豆、油菜、綠肥等作物。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)為白洋河流域的一部分。灌區(qū)水庫(kù)控制流域面積4.05/r/nKm/r/n2/r/n。灌區(qū)現(xiàn)有干渠及灌溉范圍基本情況見(jiàn)表2.2。/r/n西溪渠灌區(qū)現(xiàn)狀基本情況表/r/n表2.2/r/n序號(hào)/r/n支渠名稱(chēng)/r/n耕地面積（ha）/r/n設(shè)計(jì)灌溉面積(ha/r/n)/r/n實(shí)際灌溉面積(ha/r/n)/r/n小計(jì)/r/n旱地/r/n水田/r/n1/r/n東山垅干渠/r/n413.3/r/n23.3/r/n390.00/r/n413.3/r/n248.0/r/n合計(jì)/r/n413.3/r/n23.3/r/n390.00/r/n413.3/r/n248.0/r/n2/r/n·/r/n2氣象/r/n本項(xiàng)目區(qū)屬亞熱帶季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，氣候溫和，四季分明，陽(yáng)光充足，無(wú)霜期長(zhǎng)，適宜種植各種作物。/r/n貴溪/r/n市氣象站距項(xiàng)目區(qū)的距離為9.2Km。/r/n貴溪站于1952年7月設(shè)站，1983年以前歸氣象部門(mén)管理。1960年以前僅刊布月降雨量資料，1961年至今，刊布逐日降雨資料。故本次設(shè)計(jì)采用貴溪?dú)庀笳?961年～2004年共44年系列實(shí)測(cè)氣象資料。/r/n經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，灌區(qū)內(nèi)主要?dú)庀笠貫椋?r/n氣溫：多年平均氣溫18.2/r/n℃/r/n，極端最高氣溫41.1/r/n℃/r/n，極端最低氣溫-9.3/r/n℃/r/n。/r/n濕/r/n度：多年平均/r/n相對(duì)濕度/r/n為81%。/r/n無(wú)霜期：多年平均無(wú)霜期283天。/r/n蒸發(fā)：多年平均蒸發(fā)量1572.0mm/r/n（200/r/nmm/r/n蒸發(fā)皿）/r/n。/r/n風(fēng)速與風(fēng)向：多年平均風(fēng)速2.0m/s，最大風(fēng)速15.3m/s，相應(yīng)風(fēng)向NW。風(fēng)向、風(fēng)速受季風(fēng)影響而變化，夏季多偏南風(fēng)，冬季多偏北風(fēng)，7、8月份常有臺(tái)風(fēng)影響。/r/n降雨：多年平均降水量1888.2mm，多年平均降水日數(shù)為161.2天。境內(nèi)降雨年際變化大，實(shí)測(cè)最大年降水量2736.2mm，發(fā)生在1954年，最小年降水量1056.8mm，發(fā)生在1971年。最大一日降水量241.0mm；最大三日降水量513.2mm。最大一日和最大三日降水日期多發(fā)生在6月。年內(nèi)分析也極不均勻，降水主要集中在4～6月份，3個(gè)月降水量占全年降水量的49%，為大雨和暴雨多發(fā)季節(jié)，往往造成洪水災(zāi)害。而7～9月份降水量明顯減少，常出現(xiàn)高溫干旱天氣。/r/n2/r/n·/r/n3徑流/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)的水源主要來(lái)自一座?。ㄒ唬┬退畮?kù)/r/n――/r/n東山垅水庫(kù)，三座?。ǘ┬退畮?kù)/r/n――/r/n太樹(shù)垅、紅領(lǐng)巾、石塘水庫(kù)。/r/n白洋河流域未設(shè)水文站，故沒(méi)有實(shí)測(cè)徑流資料。/r/n白洋河鄰近的蘆溪/r/n水/r/n流域有柏泉水文站。柏泉水文站/r/n位于信江水系瀘溪水中游，資溪縣饒橋鄉(xiāng)柏泉村。站址控制流域面積/r/n562/r/n平方公里，觀測(cè)項(xiàng)目有水位、流量、降雨等，有/r/n1958/r/n年/r/n~2003年/r/n共/r/n4/r/n6年實(shí)測(cè)資料，資料精度可靠，已按規(guī)范整編刊印。/r/n本次設(shè)計(jì)的徑流計(jì)算采用/r/n柏泉/r/n水文站為參證站，按面積比的一次方比擬的方法。由此可計(jì)算得四座水庫(kù)壩址天然徑流系列，成果見(jiàn)表2.3。/r/n壩址多年平均流量0.15/r/nm/r/n3/r/n/s/r/n，年徑流總量4.73/r/n×10/r/n8/r/nm/r/n3/r/n。/r/n對(duì)計(jì)算得到的東山垅壩址天然徑流系列排序排頻，并選取代表年。經(jīng)計(jì)算，東山垅灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)保證率P=80%時(shí)代表年的年平均流量為0.11/r/nm/r/n3/r/n/s/r/n，相應(yīng)典型年為1996年。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)年月徑流表/r/nF/r/n東山垅/r/n4.05/r/n序號(hào)/r/n年月/r/n1/r/n月/r/n2/r/n月/r/n3/r/n月/r/n4/r/n月/r/n5/r/n月/r/n6/r/n月/r/n7/r/n月/r/n8/r/n月/r/n9/r/n月/r/n10/r/n月/r/n11/r/n月/r/n12/r/n月/r/n全年平均/r/n1/r/n1960/r/n0.06/r/n0.03/r/n0.12/r/n0.27/r/n0.37/r/n0.34/r/n0.10/r/n0.13/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.13/r/n2/r/n1961/r/n0.03/r/n0.19/r/n0.22/r/n0.26/r/n0.29/r/n0.45/r/n0.08/r/n0.07/r/n0.13/r/n0.05/r/n0.05/r/n0.04/r/n0.16/r/n3/r/n1962/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.17/r/n0.22/r/n0.58/r/n0.71/r/n0.27/r/n0.15/r/n0.10/r/n0.04/r/n0.07/r/n0.04/r/n0.20/r/n4/r/n1963/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.05/r/n0.08/r/n0.11/r/n0.25/r/n0.08/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.06/r/n5/r/n1964/r/n0.09/r/n0.05/r/n0.14/r/n0.18/r/n0.19/r/n0.50/r/n0.10/r/n0.08/r/n0.03/r/n0.05/r/n0.02/r/n0.02/r/n0.12/r/n6/r/n1965/r/n0.01/r/n0.04/r/n0.06/r/n0.34/r/n0.22/r/n0.19/r/n0.09/r/n0.19/r/n0.06/r/n0.15/r/n0.12/r/n0.13/r/n0.13/r/n7/r/n1966/r/n0.10/r/n0.10/r/n0.11/r/n0.34/r/n0.16/r/n0.30/r/n0.30/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.03/r/n0.13/r/n8/r/n1967/r/n0.02/r/n0.07/r/n0.17/r/n0.23/r/n0.43/r/n0.55/r/n0.14/r/n0.05/r/n0.02/r/n0.02/r/n0.02/r/n0.02/r/n0.15/r/n9/r/n1968/r/n0.02/r/n0.03/r/n0.12/r/n0.19/r/n0.19/r/n0.47/r/n0.53/r/n0.08/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.03/r/n0.15/r/n10/r/n1969/r/n0.05/r/n0.11/r/n0.15/r/n0.14/r/n0.41/r/n0.31/r/n0.16/r/n0.09/r/n0.05/r/n0.06/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.13/r/n11/r/n1970/r/n0.05/r/n0.04/r/n0.20/r/n0.31/r/n0.51/r/n0.38/r/n0.30/r/n0.10/r/n0.08/r/n0.11/r/n0.06/r/n0.10/r/n0.19/r/n12/r/n1971/r/n0.05/r/n0.04/r/n0.06/r/n0.07/r/n0.28/r/n0.26/r/n0.04/r/n0.04/r/n0.06/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.02/r/n0.08/r/n13/r/n1972/r/n0.02/r/n0.12/r/n0.04/r/n0.15/r/n0.35/r/n0.21/r/n0.13/r/n0.25/r/n0.07/r/n0.06/r/n0.06/r/n0.07/r/n0.13/r/n14/r/n1973/r/n0.10/r/n0.10/r/n0.18/r/n0.45/r/n0.49/r/n0.67/r/n0.37/r/n0.07/r/n0.08/r/n0.05/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.22/r/n15/r/n1974/r/n0.02/r/n0.07/r/n0.04/r/n0.07/r/n0.15/r/n0.22/r/n0.19/r/n0.19/r/n0.05/r/n0.05/r/n0.06/r/n0.07/r/n0.10/r/n16/r/n1975/r/n0.07/r/n0.13/r/n0.26/r/n0.43/r/n0.68/r/n0.28/r/n0.12/r/n0.14/r/n0.07/r/n0.10/r/n0.09/r/n0.09/r/n0.21/r/n17/r/n1976/r/n0.04/r/n0.06/r/n0.14/r/n0.29/r/n0.22/r/n0.41/r/n0.69/r/n0.08/r/n0.05/r/n0.07/r/n0.04/r/n0.04/r/n0.18/r/n18/r/n1977/r/n0.06/r/n0.07/r/n0.05/r/n0.27/r/n0.33/r/n0.75/r/n0.17/r/n0.12/r/n0.05/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.16/r/n19/r/n1978/r/n0.05/r/n0.06/r/n0.19/r/n0.26/r/n0.18/r/n0.21/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.02/r/n0.01/r/n0.09/r/n20/r/n1979/r/n0.02/r/n0.06/r/n0.18/r/n0.25/r/n0.24/r/n0.30/r/n0.14/r/n0.08/r/n0.10/r/n0.04/r/n0.02/r/n0.01/r/n0.12/r/n21/r/n1980/r/n0.02/r/n0.08/r/n0.25/r/n0.38/r/n0.39/r/n0.03/r/n0.13/r/n0.22/r/n0.14/r/n0.10/r/n0.05/r/n0.02/r/n0.15/r/n22/r/n1981/r/n0.03/r/n0.05/r/n0.26/r/n0.61/r/n0.34/r/n0.18/r/n0.07/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.04/r/n0.10/r/n0.04/r/n0.15/r/n23/r/n1982/r/n0.02/r/n0.12/r/n0.16/r/n0.13/r/n0.17/r/n0.83/r/n0.13/r/n0.06/r/n0.09/r/n0.07/r/n0.10/r/n0.06/r/n0.16/r/n24/r/n1983/r/n0.08/r/n0.14/r/n0.19/r/n0.46/r/n0.33/r/n0.52/r/n0.30/r/n0.07/r/n0.06/r/n0.04/r/n0.02/r/n0.02/r/n0.19/r/n25/r/n1984/r/n0.03/r/n0.06/r/n0.11/r/n0.41/r/n0.39/r/n0.43/r/n0.11/r/n0.05/r/n0.06/r/n0.06/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.15/r/n26/r/n1985/r/n0.03/r/n0.15/r/n0.20/r/n0.18/r/n0.09/r/n0.19/r/n0.11/r/n0.10/r/n0.12/r/n0.05/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.11/r/n27/r/n1986/r/n0.02/r/n0.04/r/n0.16/r/n0.31/r/n0.14/r/n0.14/r/n0.14/r/n0.05/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.04/r/n0.02/r/n0.09/r/n28/r/n1987/r/n0.02/r/n0.04/r/n0.17/r/n0.23/r/n0.39/r/n0.18/r/n0.11/r/n0.05/r/n0.07/r/n0.08/r/n0.12/r/n0.05/r/n0.13/r/n29/r/n1988/r/n0.05/r/n0.14/r/n0.32/r/n0.27/r/n0.40/r/n0.50/r/n0.10/r/n0.09/r/n0.14/r/n0.04/r/n0.02/r/n0.01/r/n0.17/r/n30/r/n1989/r/n0.06/r/n0.12/r/n0.09/r/n0.20/r/n0.45/r/n0.31/r/n0.36/r/n0.10/r/n0.08/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.05/r/n0.16/r/n31/r/n1990/r/n0.08/r/n0.13/r/n0.14/r/n0.20/r/n0.20/r/n0.32/r/n0.09/r/n0.17/r/n0.18/r/n0.11/r/n0.11/r/n0.04/r/n0.15/r/n32/r/n1991/r/n0.09/r/n0.08/r/n0.24/r/n0.28/r/n0.20/r/n0.12/r/n0.02/r/n0.07/r/n0.05/r/n0.06/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.11/r/n33/r/n1992/r/n0.05/r/n0.14/r/n0.36/r/n0.29/r/n0.23/r/n0.38/r/n0.36/r/n0.10/r/n0.11/r/n0.04/r/n0.02/r/n0.03/r/n0.18/r/n34/r/n1993/r/n0.05/r/n0.04/r/n0.07/r/n0.17/r/n0.26/r/n0.77/r/n0.42/r/n0.10/r/n0.04/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.03/r/n0.17/r/n35/r/n1994/r/n0.03/r/n0.10/r/n0.16/r/n0.25/r/n0.25/r/n0.70/r/n0.14/r/n0.09/r/n0.08/r/n0.05/r/n0.02/r/n0.13/r/n0.17/r/n36/r/n1995/r/n0.07/r/n0.11/r/n0.21/r/n0.33/r/n0.40/r/n0.68/r/n0.32/r/n0.17/r/n0.06/r/n0.05/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.20/r/n37/r/n1996/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.16/r/n0.21/r/n0.24/r/n0.28/r/n0.09/r/n0.13/r/n0.08/r/n0.03/r/n0.02/r/n0.02/r/n0.11/r/n38/r/n1997/r/n0.02/r/n0.04/r/n0.10/r/n0.22/r/n0.19/r/n0.25/r/n0.76/r/n0.32/r/n0.18/r/n0.09/r/n0.17/r/n0.16/r/n0.21/r/n39/r/n1998/r/n0.29/r/n0.33/r/n0.46/r/n0.18/r/n0.23/r/n1.08/r/n0.30/r/n0.20/r/n0.10/r/n0.05/r/n0.04/r/n0.04/r/n0.28/r/n40/r/n1999/r/n0.04/r/n0.03/r/n0.16/r/n0.33/r/n0.34/r/n0.30/r/n0.35/r/n0.29/r/n0.33/r/n0.07/r/n0.05/r/n0.03/r/n0.19/r/n41/r/n2000/r/n0.06/r/n0.05/r/n0.15/r/n0.21/r/n0.15/r/n0.49/r/n0.10/r/n0.13/r/n0.08/r/n0.14/r/n0.09/r/n0.05/r/n0.14/r/n平均/r/n0.05/r/n0.08/r/n0.17/r/n0.26/r/n0.30/r/n0.40/r/n0.21/r/n0.11/r/n0.08/r/n0.06/r/n0.05/r/n0.04/r/n0.15/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)典型代表年逐月平均流量表/r/n2/r/n·/r/n3洪水/r/n本工程所在區(qū)域內(nèi)的洪水均由暴雨產(chǎn)生，本區(qū)域的暴雨主要成因是由于該區(qū)域地處中低緯度區(qū)內(nèi)，大氣環(huán)流形成烏拉爾山阻高、遠(yuǎn)東鄂霍茨克海阻系統(tǒng)后，多小槽小脊的平直環(huán)流使本區(qū)域形成多降雨天氣。另外，阻高西南方和東南方常有冷渦切斷下來(lái)，這些冷渦常分裂成小股空氣南下，不斷加強(qiáng)和活躍長(zhǎng)江流域的降水系統(tǒng)，而南流氣旋被武夷山脈所阻，從而促使本流域降水持續(xù)和增大。/r/n洪水具有歷時(shí)短、匯流快、洪峰尖高的特點(diǎn)，從暴雨到洪水發(fā)生只有幾個(gè)小時(shí)，一次洪水的過(guò)程多為1～3天，洪水發(fā)生時(shí)間與暴雨過(guò)程密切相關(guān)，洪水大多發(fā)生在產(chǎn)生暴雨天氣的5～7月份，尤以6月份最多，部分年份在8～9月份也會(huì)產(chǎn)生洪水。/r/n3/r/n/r/n工程地質(zhì)/r/n3/r/n·/r/n1灌區(qū)工程地質(zhì)條件/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)位于白洋河流域，盛源火山沉陷盆地西部，屬?zèng)_洪積堆積及山麓堆積地貌。周邊第四系覆蓋層薄，山體植被稀少，主要為松樹(shù)和雜草，基巖多為裸露。灌區(qū)從南至北呈長(zhǎng)條帶狀，地形平緩，南面稍高北較低，地面高程33.0～80.0m。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)分布的土壤主要為粘性土和砂土。其中粘性土主要為礫質(zhì)粘土、粉質(zhì)壤土，厚1～4m，土體呈可塑狀，透水性微弱，普遍分布于整個(gè)灌區(qū)；砂土主要為細(xì)粉砂、砂質(zhì)壤土，含少量泥質(zhì)和砂礫石，結(jié)構(gòu)稍密，透水性較強(qiáng)，主要分布于灌區(qū)北部，并零星分布于白洋河兩側(cè)。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)地下水主要為第四系孔隙潛水，孔隙潛水主要賦存于砂、砂礫卵石及砂礫石層中，其透水性較強(qiáng)，水量豐富，主要受大氣降水及渠道水補(bǔ)給，排泄于麻雀港，流向河谷，勘探時(shí)地下水位埋深0.2～2m。/r/n現(xiàn)東山垅灌區(qū)不存在沼澤化問(wèn)題，同時(shí)地下水礦化度低，也不存在鹽堿化問(wèn)題。/r/n3/r/n·/r/n2灌溉渠工程地質(zhì)條件及評(píng)價(jià)/r/n3．3．1/r/n干渠工程地質(zhì)條件/r/n（1）地形地貌及物理地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象/r/n干渠通過(guò)地段屬構(gòu)造剝蝕丘陵崗埠地貌，從渠首至渠尾地勢(shì)逐漸降低。山體高程一般為50/r/n～70m，相對(duì)高差10～30m，溝谷較發(fā)育，山坡較平緩，山坡角一般為10/r/n°/r/n～25/r/n°/r/n，山坡穩(wěn)定，未發(fā)現(xiàn)較大的滑坡等不良物理地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象。/r/n干渠修建成于五十年代初期，全長(zhǎng)7500m，干渠以傍山渠為主，有時(shí)穿山過(guò)隴，蜿蜒曲折。干渠兩岸植物茂盛，多為雜樹(shù)和山草。/r/n（2）地層巖性/r/n干渠沿線出露的地層巖性主要為侏羅系打鼓頂組(J/r/n3e/r/n)粉砂巖、白堊系周家店組（K1z）泥巖、白/r/n堊系南雄組（K2n）粉砂巖夾砂礫巖/r/n和巖體上覆蓋第四系殘坡積層、沖積層。/r/n（3）地質(zhì)構(gòu)造及地震/r/n本區(qū)地處東鄉(xiāng)/r/n——/r/n廣豐深斷裂上，盛源火山沉陷盆地西側(cè)。華夏系斷裂構(gòu)造發(fā)育。/r/n根據(jù)《中國(guó)地震動(dòng)參數(shù)區(qū)劃圖》(GB18306-2001)，本區(qū)域地震動(dòng)峰值加速度小于0.05g，區(qū)域穩(wěn)定。/r/n（4）水文地質(zhì)條件/r/n干渠通過(guò)地段水文地質(zhì)條件簡(jiǎn)單，地下水類(lèi)型主要為第四系孔隙潛水，孔隙潛水主要賦存于河床沖洪積中和低洼處的坡積物中，含水層薄。區(qū)內(nèi)基巖裂隙水較貧乏。地下水主要受大氣降水補(bǔ)給，排泄于溝谷及河床，地下水動(dòng)態(tài)類(lèi)型為降水/r/n—/r/n徑流型。/r/n3．3．2/r/n干渠工程地質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)/r/n干渠主要為傍山渠，有時(shí)穿山過(guò)垅，據(jù)野外調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)，干渠可分為巖質(zhì)渠道、土質(zhì)渠道二種類(lèi)型。其中有80.4%的渠道為土質(zhì)渠道，有19.6%的渠道為巖質(zhì)渠道。干渠自建成運(yùn)行至今，渠道基本完好，但存在淤積問(wèn)題，局部存在渠身滲漏、邊坡穩(wěn)定等問(wèn)題?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)干渠的工程地質(zhì)條件，就渠身滲漏、邊坡穩(wěn)定及淤積等工程地質(zhì)問(wèn)題分述如下。/r/n（1）渠身滲漏/r/n主要發(fā)生在土質(zhì)渠道的填方渠段，滲漏較為嚴(yán)重。該段渠道的斷面為半挖半填的形式，渠堤土質(zhì)為/r/n第四系殘坡積粉質(zhì)粘土和粉質(zhì)壤土，透水性較弱。造成滲漏的原因?yàn)樘罘絺?cè)土質(zhì)較雜，草皮和樹(shù)根未清理干凈，且為人工填筑，未進(jìn)行夯實(shí)，填筑接頭多等。因此該段渠道須進(jìn)行/r/n防滲處理。/r/n（2）邊坡穩(wěn)定/r/n渠道邊坡主要為巖質(zhì)邊坡和土質(zhì)邊坡，局部為漿砌石邊墻。渠道開(kāi)挖邊坡較陡，巖質(zhì)邊坡坡度為1：0~1：0.5，土質(zhì)邊坡坡度為1：0.8~1：1.2。巖質(zhì)邊坡巖性為粉質(zhì)砂巖和粉砂質(zhì)泥巖，巖石表部呈強(qiáng)/r/n——/r/n弱風(fēng)化，巖體較為完整穩(wěn)定。土質(zhì)邊坡低矮段基本穩(wěn)定，但深挖方段邊坡穩(wěn)定性較差，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)邊坡坍塌現(xiàn)象。/r/n邊坡出現(xiàn)過(guò)失穩(wěn)的渠段為穿山深挖方渠道，最大深度達(dá)4m。渠道底部為砂巖，上部覆蓋層較厚，由于開(kāi)挖邊坡陡，在雨季常發(fā)生邊坡坍塌，堵塞渠道，影響渠道安全運(yùn)行。/r/n干渠巖土體允許開(kāi)挖邊坡建議值為：巖石邊坡1：0.3~1：0.5，土質(zhì)邊坡1：1.0~1：1.5。/r/n（3）淤積/r/n目前，渠道內(nèi)雜草叢生，淤積較為嚴(yán)重，渠底淤積厚度一般為0.1～0.3m，局部厚達(dá)0.8m。造成渠道淤積主要有以下三方面原因。/r/n（1）渠道開(kāi)挖邊坡陡，邊坡穩(wěn)定性較差，局部渠段已出現(xiàn)邊坡失穩(wěn)，邊坡的掉塊及坍塌物堆入渠道造成淤積。/r/n（2）渠道主要為傍山渠，沿線沖溝發(fā)育，雨季，坡面水流及沖溝水將泥砂沖入渠道造成淤積。/r/n（3）渠道運(yùn)行至今，由于缺乏統(tǒng)一管理，沿線村民將生活垃圾和建筑垃圾倒入渠道，此外，村民在渠道內(nèi)填高渠底人為抬高渠道水位引水灌溉造成渠道淤積。/r/n綜上所述，現(xiàn)有干渠存在較嚴(yán)重的淤積問(wèn)題，應(yīng)進(jìn)行清淤處理，同時(shí)采取有效的防治措施。/r/n3/r/n·/r/n3渠系主要建筑物工程地質(zhì)條件及評(píng)價(jià)/r/n干渠沿線主要建筑物有進(jìn)水閘、分水閘及卷拱等。現(xiàn)將各主要建筑物的工程地質(zhì)條件分述如下。/r/n(1)、閘基巖性自上而下為粉質(zhì)壤土、粉質(zhì)粘土及強(qiáng)風(fēng)化粉砂巖。粉質(zhì)壤土厚1.2m，粉質(zhì)粘土厚2.6m。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求，閘基座落在粉質(zhì)粘土上，呈稍密-中密狀，其允許承載力為200KPa，可作為分水閘地基。同時(shí)粉質(zhì)粘土透水性微弱，閘基不存在滲漏問(wèn)題。/r/n(2)、橋基巖性自上而下為粉質(zhì)壤土、粉質(zhì)粘土及泥巖。粉質(zhì)壤土厚1.5m，粉質(zhì)粘土厚3.6m。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求，橋基座落在弱風(fēng)化泥巖上，其允許承載力能滿(mǎn)足橋基要求。/r/n3/r/n·/r/n4天然建筑材料/r/n本次工程共需砂料/r/n4746/r/nm/r/n3/r/n，礫石料/r/n18630/r/nm/r/n3/r/n，塊石料/r/n6922/r/nm/r/n3/r/n。/r/n砂礫石料/r/n本工程用砂礫石料須在貴溪市郊的信江料場(chǎng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)，料場(chǎng)通有公路，距本項(xiàng)目區(qū)約6.0km。該料場(chǎng)砂以中粗砂為主，成分為長(zhǎng)石、石英及巖屑，泥質(zhì)含量少，云母及暗色軟弱物質(zhì)少見(jiàn)，質(zhì)量較好；礫石成分主要為砂巖、火成巖等，粒徑一般1.5～5Cm，大者8～10cm，呈次圓狀，礫石表面呈弱風(fēng)化，巖性較為堅(jiān)硬，質(zhì)量較好。/r/n該料場(chǎng)砂礫石料的儲(chǔ)量豐富，能滿(mǎn)足工程的要求。/r/n（2）塊石料/r/n條料石石料選定濱江鄉(xiāng)左家邊的塊石料場(chǎng)，為當(dāng)?shù)夭墒瘓?chǎng)，有貴盛公路相通，運(yùn)輸路程約7~8km。塊石料成分主要為細(xì)粒粉砂巖，為弱風(fēng)化中下部或微新巖石，巖性較堅(jiān)硬，物理力學(xué)性能較好，儲(chǔ)量豐富，能滿(mǎn)足工程的要求。/r/n3/r/n·/r/n5小結(jié)/r/n（1）貴溪市東山垅灌區(qū)灌溉面積479ha。灌區(qū)土壤為粘性土和砂土，砂土透水性較強(qiáng)，現(xiàn)灌區(qū)不存在沼澤化問(wèn)題，同時(shí)地下水礦化度低，不存在鹽堿化問(wèn)題。/r/n（2）渠道通過(guò)地段屬構(gòu)造剝蝕丘陵崗埠地貌，地形較平整，溝谷發(fā)育，山坡較平緩，自然山坡穩(wěn)定。渠道開(kāi)挖邊坡較陡，局部邊坡直立或倒坡，邊坡穩(wěn)定性較差，存在邊坡穩(wěn)定問(wèn)題，應(yīng)進(jìn)行削坡處理；渠道存在較嚴(yán)重的淤積問(wèn)題，應(yīng)進(jìn)行清淤處理。渠底為砂質(zhì)粘土和砂質(zhì)壤土，土體抗沖刷能力差，存在沖刷破壞問(wèn)題，應(yīng)進(jìn)行襯砌保護(hù)。/r/n（3）渠系現(xiàn)有或擬建有進(jìn)水閘、分水閘、跨渠橋梁、泄洪閘等建筑物共40座。各建筑物地基巖土體的允許承載力均能滿(mǎn)足建筑物要求。/r/n（4）灌區(qū)工程所需天然建筑材料主要為砂礫料和塊石料，砂礫石料和紅條石料儲(chǔ)量豐富，質(zhì)量較好，運(yùn)輸方便。/r/n4/r/n/r/n工程任務(wù)與規(guī)模/r/n4/r/n·/r/n1灌區(qū)自然及社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)情況/r/n貴溪/r/n市位于江西省東北部，鷹潭市的東部，/r/n信江中游。/r/n地處東經(jīng)116/r/n°/r/n48/r/n′/r/n～117/r/n°/r/n30/r/n′/r/n，北緯27/r/n°/r/n52/r/n′/r/n～28/r/n°/r/n38/r/n′/r/n，東鄰上饒市的弋陽(yáng)和鉛山縣，西接鷹潭市的月湖區(qū)和余江縣，北靠上饒市的萬(wàn)年縣，東南與福建省交界，西南與撫州市的金溪和資溪縣接壤，全市總/r/n土地/r/n面積2481Km/r/n2/r/n。/r/n市域內(nèi)屬亞熱帶濕潤(rùn)氣侯區(qū)，氣候溫和，四季分明，雨量充沛，素有/r/n“/r/n春寒、夏汛、秋旱、冬陰/r/n”/r/n之說(shuō)。/r/n貴溪/r/n市轄區(qū)內(nèi)有18個(gè)/r/n建制鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)/r/n。據(jù)2003年統(tǒng)計(jì)，/r/n貴溪/r/n市全市總?cè)丝?6.66萬(wàn)人，其中農(nóng)業(yè)人口40.51萬(wàn)人；國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值50.59億元，/r/n全部工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值97.5/r/n億/r/n元，農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值11.86/r/n億/r/n元；/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)所在的流口鎮(zhèn)位于/r/n貴溪/r/n市的東部。全鄉(xiāng)總面積44Km/r/n2/r/n，有9個(gè)行政村、53個(gè)村小組。/r/n2003年統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字：全鄉(xiāng)總?cè)丝谌?，全鄉(xiāng)現(xiàn)有耕地1145/r/nha/r/n。/r/n灌區(qū)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀總土地面積為607ha，其中耕地面積479ha，園地面積58ha，/r/n水面/r/n面積25ha，/r/n交通/r/n面積22ha，/r/n水利用地/r/n面積4ha，/r/n未利用土地/r/n面積19ha。灌區(qū)土地為流口鎮(zhèn)6個(gè)村委會(huì)所屬，本次設(shè)計(jì)的項(xiàng)目區(qū)灌溉面積479ha，灌區(qū)內(nèi)主要以種植水稻為主，經(jīng)濟(jì)作物種植面積較小，主要品種有：蔬菜、花生、西瓜、大豆、油菜等。/r/n4/r/n·/r/n2灌區(qū)現(xiàn)狀及存在問(wèn)題/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)的干渠總長(zhǎng)7.5km，現(xiàn)狀已經(jīng)建成，斷面底寬1.0～1.6m不等，邊坡系數(shù)在0～1.5之間。干渠自建成運(yùn)行至今，渠道基本完好，但東山垅灌區(qū)渠系及渠系建筑物經(jīng)五十多年的運(yùn)行，已出現(xiàn)了不同程度的老化和損壞。現(xiàn)狀存在的主要問(wèn)題有：/r/n1、局部渠道滲漏嚴(yán)重。主要存在于半挖半填的土質(zhì)渠段，原因?yàn)槭┕r(shí)填土未夯實(shí)，土料差。/r/n2、邊坡穩(wěn)定性差。主要存在于深挖方渠段，挖方深度達(dá)7~10m，且渠道開(kāi)挖邊坡較陡，局部甚至為直立或倒坡。/r/n3、渠道淤積嚴(yán)重。東山垅灌區(qū)干、支渠淤積相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重，其主要原因是：/r/n⑴/r/n由于渠道兩側(cè)開(kāi)挖邊坡陡，邊坡穩(wěn)定條件較差，局部渠段已出現(xiàn)邊坡失穩(wěn)，造成渠道淤積；/r/n⑵/r/n渠道橫穿村莊，村民的生活垃圾和建筑垃圾倒入渠中造成該兩段渠道嚴(yán)重淤積；/r/n⑶/r/n渠道沿線沖溝發(fā)育，山洪季節(jié)坡面水及溪水挾帶泥沙進(jìn)入渠道；/r/n⑷/r/n渠道內(nèi)雜草叢生，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查時(shí)沿線只見(jiàn)雜草不見(jiàn)渠道，另外渠道內(nèi)多處有人工堆石體，其用途是村民為了引水灌溉以提高渠道水深。/r/n4、渠道進(jìn)水口沒(méi)有安設(shè)閘門(mén)，整個(gè)灌區(qū)均沒(méi)有設(shè)置量水設(shè)施。/r/n5、支渠以下渠道灌排不分，既用于灌水，又作為排水，多數(shù)農(nóng)田直接從支渠上取水，采用串、漫灌方式進(jìn)行灌溉，造成灌溉用水不均，且水量浪費(fèi)較嚴(yán)重。/r/n4/r/n·/r/n3工程任務(wù)及規(guī)模/r/n依據(jù)東山垅水庫(kù)灌區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀及存在的問(wèn)題，本次項(xiàng)目的主要任務(wù)為：/r/n1、對(duì)灌區(qū)進(jìn)行水平衡分析，/r/n2、對(duì)渠道除雜清淤，拓寬加固/r/n3、修建、改造渠系建筑物及附屬建筑物/r/n5/r/n灌區(qū)水利計(jì)算/r/n5/r/n·/r/n1灌溉制度分析/r/n5.1.1灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)作物組成/r/n通過(guò)與/r/n貴溪/r/n市有關(guān)部門(mén)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查和灌區(qū)內(nèi)農(nóng)民反饋的意見(jiàn)，項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)主要作物品種為水稻、大豆、花生、綠肥、油菜及蔬菜等，灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)水平年的作物組成情況見(jiàn)表5.1。/r/n貴溪市東山垅灌區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)水平年作物組成系數(shù)表/r/n表5.1/r/n作物品種/r/n播種面積（ha）/r/n作物組成系數(shù)/r/n備注/r/n早稻/r/n350/r/n0.73/r/n灌區(qū)耕地總面積/r/n晚稻/r/n378/r/n0.79/r/n芝麻花生/r/n57/r/n0.12/r/n479/r/n油茶/r/n81/r/n0.17/r/nha/r/n薯類(lèi)豆類(lèi)/r/n67/r/n0.14/r/n/r/n甘蔗/r/n14/r/n0.03/r/n/r/n蔬菜/r/n77/r/n0.16/r/n/r/n綠肥/r/n254/r/n0.53/r/n/r/n合計(jì)/r/n1279/r/n2.67/r/n/r/n5.1.2各主要作物灌溉制度的確定：/r/n（1）水稻/r/n本灌區(qū)農(nóng)作物以水稻為主。水稻是灌區(qū)的用水大戶(hù)，需對(duì)水稻的灌溉制度進(jìn)行分析。從我省已有的灌區(qū)灌溉資料和灌溉試驗(yàn)資料表明，水稻的間歇灌溉制度明顯優(yōu)于其它灌溉制度，其特點(diǎn)是：增產(chǎn)、節(jié)水、運(yùn)用方便。/r/n從已進(jìn)行的項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)農(nóng)民參與活動(dòng)中調(diào)查了解到，群眾對(duì)使用增產(chǎn)節(jié)水的灌溉技術(shù)有較好的基礎(chǔ)，灌區(qū)內(nèi)水源條件較好，群眾均采用淺水干濕交替的灌溉方法。項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)農(nóng)民認(rèn)為：僅就水稻而言，稻田長(zhǎng)期積水法不利于稻田通氣，使水稻根系供氧不足，從而影響水稻的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育；同時(shí)淹灌也增加了稻田的蒸發(fā)滲漏損失。/r/n考慮上述情況，本次設(shè)計(jì)水稻灌溉制度選用間歇灌溉制度。經(jīng)對(duì)項(xiàng)目區(qū)附近的余江縣白塔渠灌區(qū)灌溉試驗(yàn)資料分析，同時(shí)參考江西贛撫平原灌溉試驗(yàn)站1978～1988年試驗(yàn)總結(jié)和《江西省水稻需水量等值線圖研究報(bào)告》等資料并結(jié)合農(nóng)民參與活動(dòng)中的調(diào)查情況，確定東山垅灌區(qū)水稻各生育階段起迄日期、相應(yīng)灌水上下限深度（mm）、蒸騰系數(shù)/r/nα/r/n和下滲率S（mm/日）等參數(shù)，詳見(jiàn)表5.2、表5.3。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)早稻灌溉制度設(shè)計(jì)表/r/n表5.2/r/n生長(zhǎng)期/r/n起始時(shí)間/r/n截止時(shí)間/r/n天數(shù)/r/n田間持水深度（mm）/r/n蒸騰系數(shù)/r/n下滲/r/n率S/r/n月/r/n日/r/n月/r/n日/r/n天/r/n下限/r/n上限/r/na/r/n(mm/d)/r/n一、育秧期/r/n秧田泡田期/r/n3/r/n20/r/n3/r/n20/r/n1/r/n55/r/n60/r/n1.00/r/n1.32/r/n秧田漚田期/r/n3/r/n21/r/n4/r/n1/r/n12/r/n10/r/n20/r/n1.00/r/n1.32/r/n豎苗期/r/n4/r/n2/r/n4/r/n5/r/n4/r/n5/r/n10/r/n1.00/r/n1.32/r/n新葉伸展期/r/n4/r/n6/r/n4/r/n11/r/n6/r/n10/r/n15/r/n1.00/r/n1.32/r/n秧苗中后期/r/n4/r/n12/r/n4/r/n26/r/n15/r/n15/r/n20/r/n1.00/r/n1.32/r/n拔秧裁插期/r/n4/r/n27/r/n4/r/n28/r/n2/r/n75/r/n80/r/n1.00/r/n1.32/r/n二、大田生長(zhǎng)期/r/n大田泡田期/r/n4/r/n16/r/n4/r/n20/r/n5/r/n65/r/n70/r/n1.00/r/n1.32/r/n大田漚田（及插秧）期/r/n4/r/n21/r/n4/r/n29/r/n9/r/n10/r/n20/r/n1.00/r/n1.32/r/n返青期/r/n4/r/n30/r/n5/r/n14/r/n15/r/n20/r/n30/r/n1.22/r/n1.32/r/n分孽前期/r/n5/r/n15/r/n5/r/n24/r/n10/r/n0/r/n20/r/n1.31/r/n1.71/r/n分孽后期/r/n5/r/n25/r/n5/r/n28/r/n4/r/n0/r/n20/r/n1.64/r/n1.24/r/n曬田期/r/n5/r/n29/r/n6/r/n4/r/n7/r/n0/r/n0/r/n1.64/r/n1.24/r/n拔節(jié)期/r/n6/r/n5/r/n6/r/n20/r/n16/r/n0/r/n20/r/n1.54/r/n1.10/r/n抽穗揚(yáng)花期/r/n6/r/n21/r/n6/r/n29/r/n9/r/n20/r/n30/r/n1.70/r/n1.46/r/n乳熟期/r/n6/r/n30/r/n7/r/n10/r/n11/r/n0/r/n20/r/n1.55/r/n1.47/r/n黃熟前期/r/n7/r/n11/r/n7/r/n14/r/n4/r/n0/r/n20/r/n1.26/r/n1.39/r/n黃熟后期/r/n7/r/n15/r/n7/r/n19/r/n5/r/n0/r/n0/r/n1.26/r/n1.39/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)晚稻灌溉制度設(shè)計(jì)表/r/n表5.3/r/n生長(zhǎng)期/r/n起始時(shí)間/r/n截止時(shí)間/r/n天數(shù)/r/n田間持水深度（mm）/r/n蒸騰系數(shù)/r/n下滲/r/n率S/r/n月/r/n日/r/n月/r/n日/r/n天/r/n下限/r/n上限/r/na/r/n(mm/d)/r/n一、育秧期/r/n秧田泡田期/r/n6/r/n5/r/n6/r/n8/r/n4/r/n55/r/n60/r/n1.0/r/n1.73/r/n秧田漚田期/r/n6/r/n9/r/n6/r/n18/r/n10/r/n10/r/n20/r/n1.0/r/n1.73/r/n豎苗期/r/n6/r/n19/r/n6/r/n21/r/n3/r/n50/r/n10/r/n1.0/r/n1.73/r/n新葉伸展期/r/n6/r/n22/r/n6/r/n26/r/n5/r/n10/r/n15/r/n1.0/r/n1.73/r/n秧苗中后期/r/n6/r/n27/r/n7/r/n19/r/n23/r/n15/r/n20/r/n1.0/r/n1.73/r/n拔秧裁插期/r/n7/r/n20/r/n7/r/n24/r/n5/r/n75/r/n80/r/n1.0/r/n1.73/r/n二、大田生長(zhǎng)期/r/n大田泡田期/r/n7/r/n20/r/n7/r/n25/r/n6/r/n65/r/n70/r/n1.00/r/n1.73/r/n返青期/r/n7/r/n26/r/n8/r/n4/r/n10/r/n30/r/n40/r/n1.09/r/n1.73/r/n分孽前期/r/n8/r/n5/r/n8/r/n15/r/n11/r/n0/r/n20/r/n1.27/r/n1.63/r/n分孽后期/r/n8/r/n16/r/n8/r/n22/r/n7/r/n0/r/n20/r/n1.31/r/n1.14/r/n曬田期/r/n8/r/n23/r/n8/r/n29/r/n7/r/n0/r/n0/r/n1.31/r/n1.14/r/n拔節(jié)期/r/n8/r/n30/r/n9/r/n16/r/n18/r/n0/r/n20/r/n1.33/r/n2.01/r/n抽穗揚(yáng)花期/r/n9/r/n17/r/n9/r/n27/r/n11/r/n20/r/n30/r/n1.47/r/n2.51/r/n乳熟期/r/n9/r/n28/r/n10/r/n12/r/n15/r/n0/r/n20/r/n1.32/r/n2.35/r/n黃熟前期/r/n10/r/n13/r/n10/r/n22/r/n10/r/n0/r/n20/r/n1.33/r/n2.23/r/n黃熟后期/r/n10/r/n23/r/n10/r/n30/r/n8/r/n0/r/n0/r/n1.33/r/n2.23/r/n（2）旱作物/r/n由于江西省缺乏旱作物的灌溉試驗(yàn)資料，因此灌區(qū)旱作物的灌溉制度參照余江縣白塔渠灌區(qū)資料并結(jié)合其它省份的旱作物灌溉試驗(yàn)資料，采用旱作物土壤含水率補(bǔ)償法確定。旱作物的灌溉制度見(jiàn)表5.4。/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)旱作物灌溉制度設(shè)計(jì)表/r/n表5.4/r/n/r/n單位：mm/r/n品種/r/n月份/r/n芝麻花生/r/n油菜/r/n蔬菜/r/n豆類(lèi)薯類(lèi)/r/n甘蔗/r/n綠肥/r/n1/r/n上旬/r/n40/r/n30/r/n中旬/r/n30/r/n下旬/r/n40/r/n30/r/n2/r/n上旬/r/n中旬/r/n40/r/n30/r/n30/r/n下旬/r/n3/r/n上旬/r/n30/r/n30/r/n中旬/r/n下旬/r/n30/r/n4/r/n上旬/r/n中旬/r/n30/r/n下旬/r/n5/r/n上旬/r/n30/r/n中旬/r/n下旬/r/n40/r/n30/r/n6/r/n上旬/r/n中旬/r/n40/r/n30/r/n下旬/r/n7/r/n上旬/r/n40/r/n30/r/n中旬/r/n60/r/n下旬/r/n30/r/n8/r/n上旬/r/n75/r/n中旬/r/n30/r/n下旬/r/n75/r/n9/r/n上旬/r/n30/r/n中旬/r/n75/r/n下旬/r/n30/r/n10/r/n上旬/r/n中旬/r/n30/r/n下旬/r/n11/r/n上旬/r/n30/r/n中旬/r/n45/r/n30/r/n下旬/r/n30/r/n12/r/n上旬/r/n中旬/r/n45/r/n30/r/n30/r/n下旬/r/n30/r/n5/r/n·/r/n2灌溉定額的計(jì)算/r/n5.2.1基本資料/r/n本次進(jìn)行灌溉定額分析的基本資料主要是貴溪市氣象站1961～2003年共43年的逐日蒸發(fā)、降雨資料。貴溪市氣象站測(cè)量蒸發(fā)量1998年及以前采用2/r/n0/r/n0/r/nmm/r/n蒸發(fā)皿，1999年后使用E601蒸發(fā)皿，其蒸發(fā)資料須統(tǒng)一折算成E601蒸發(fā)皿的蒸發(fā)量。根據(jù)《江西省水文手冊(cè)》，2/r/n0/r/n0/r/nmm/r/n蒸發(fā)皿折算成E601蒸發(fā)皿系數(shù)取為/r/nη/r/n=0.72。/r/n5.2.2水稻灌溉用水量的計(jì)算/r/n（1）泡田期灌溉用水量/r/n泡田期水量要滿(mǎn)足整田和水稻插秧時(shí)水層深度要求。泡田水量與稻田土壤的滲水性及水稻品種有關(guān)。根據(jù)灌區(qū)調(diào)查表明，早稻泡田水量通常為70/r/nm/r/n3/r/n/ha/r/n，晚稻泡田水量通常為80/r/nm/r/n3/r/n/ha/r/n，本次設(shè)計(jì)采用調(diào)查值作為泡田期用水量。/r/n（2）水稻生長(zhǎng)期用水量計(jì)算/r/n水稻灌溉定額按田間水量平衡法計(jì)算。田間水量平衡法計(jì)算式為；/r/nh/r/n2/r/n＝/r/nh/r/n1/r/n＋/r/nP/r/n＋/r/nm/r/n－/r/nE/r/n－/r/nC/r/n式中：/r/nh/r/n1/r/n—/r/n時(shí)段初田間蓄水深（mm）；/r/nh/r/n2/r/n—/r/n時(shí)段未田間蓄水深（mm）；/r/np/r/n/r/n—/r/n時(shí)段內(nèi)降雨量（mm）；/r/nm/r/n—/r/n時(shí)段內(nèi)灌溉水量（mm）；/r/nE/r/n—/r/n時(shí)段內(nèi)水稻耗水量（mm），E/r/n=α×E/r/n0/r/n＋S，/r/nα/r/n為水稻蒸騰系數(shù)，E/r/n0/r/n為時(shí)段內(nèi)水面蒸發(fā)量（相應(yīng)于E601型蒸發(fā)皿蒸發(fā)量）/r/n,S/r/n為下滲量。/r/nC/r/n—/r/n時(shí)段內(nèi)排水量。/r/n5.2.3旱作物灌溉用水量的計(jì)算/r/n（1）旱作物播種前灌溉用水量/r/n旱作物播種前的需水量是保證種子發(fā)芽和出苗所必須的土壤含水量及存儲(chǔ)于土壤中供作物后期所用的水量。播種前灌溉用水量應(yīng)根據(jù)灌區(qū)土壤性狀和作物品種決定。本次設(shè)計(jì)采用的旱作物播種前灌溉用水量系在農(nóng)民參與活動(dòng)中調(diào)查得到的成果。/r/n（2）旱作物生長(zhǎng)期灌溉用水量/r/n旱作物生長(zhǎng)期灌溉用水量按水量平衡分析法計(jì)算，計(jì)算式為；/r/nW/r/nt/r/n－W/r/n0/r/n=W/r/nT/r/n＋/r/nP/r/n0/r/n＋G＋M－E/r/n式中：/r/nW/r/n0/r/n—/r/n時(shí)段初土壤計(jì)劃濕潤(rùn)層的儲(chǔ)水量；/r/nW/r/nt/r/n—/r/n時(shí)段末土壤計(jì)劃濕潤(rùn)層的儲(chǔ)水量；/r/nW/r/nT/r/n—/r/n由于計(jì)劃濕潤(rùn)層增加而增加的水量；/r/nP/r/n0/r/n—/r/n保存在土壤計(jì)劃濕潤(rùn)層內(nèi)的有效降雨量（mm）；/r/nG/r/n—/r/n計(jì)算時(shí)段內(nèi)的地下水補(bǔ)給量；/r/nM/r/n—/r/n計(jì)算時(shí)段內(nèi)的灌溉水量；/r/nE/r/n—/r/n計(jì)算時(shí)段內(nèi)作物田間需水量，E/r/n=α×E/r/n0/r/n。/r/n5.2.4灌區(qū)綜合公頃用水量的計(jì)算/r/n根據(jù)得到的各作物逐年用水量系列，用作物組成系數(shù)進(jìn)行加權(quán)平均，可求得東山垅灌區(qū)綜合公頃用水量系列，成果見(jiàn)表5.5。/r/n表5.5/r/n東山垅灌區(qū)綜合公頃凈定額系列計(jì)算成果表/r/n單位：m3/ha/r/n年月/r/n1/r/n2/r/n3/r/n4/r/n5/r/n6/r/n7/r/n8/r/n9/r/n10/r/n11/r/n12/r/n合計(jì)/r/n1961/r/n225.0/r/n0.0/r/n49.5/r/n750.0/r/n655.5/r/n2037.0/r/n2547.0/r/n1354.5/r/n1009.5/r/n1093.5/r/n0.0/r/n30.0/r/n9751.5/r/n1962/r/n0.0/r/n145.5/r/n48.0/r/n786.0/r/n250.5/r/n780.0/r/n1306.5/r/n1506.0/r/n1452.0/r/n387.0/r/n127.5/r/n31.5/r/n6820.5/r/n1963/r/n225.0/r/n142.5/r/n52.5/r/n111.0/r/n504.0/r/n1462.5/r/n2280.0/r/n1809.0/r/n1800.0/r/n1096.5/r/n0.0/r/n225.0/r/n9708.0/r/n1964/r/n0.0/r/n39.0/r/n58.5/r/n676.5/r/n252.0/r/n1192.5/r/n1659.0/r/n1767.0/r/n2577.0/r/n555.0/r/n225.0/r/n183.0/r/n9184.5/r/n1965/r/n220.5/r/n0.0/r/n69.0/r/n463.5/r/n487.5/r/n1096.5/r/n1066.5/r/n1123.5/r/n1762.5/r/n517.5/r/n0.0/r/n0.0/r/n6807.0/r/n1966/r/n0.0/r/n0.0/r/n31.5/r/n523.5/r/n1125.0/r/n1291.5/r/n991.5/r/n1974.0/r/n2598.0/r/n732.0/r/n0.0/r/n0.0/r/n9267.0/r/n1967/r/n225.0/r/n180.0/r/n21.0/r/n628.5/r/n504.0/r/n1434.0/r/n2092.5/r/n2478.0/r/n2767.5/r/n1443.0/r/n130.5/r/n225.0/r/n12129.0/r/n1968/r/n222.0/r/n61.5/r/n27.0/r/n892.5/r/n252.0/r/n790.5/r/n1401.0/r/n1477.5/r/n2199.0/r/n360.0/r/n106.5/r/n0.0/r/n7789.5/r/n1969/r/n0.0/r/n0.0/r/n31.5/r/n666.0/r/n420.0/r/n1510.5/r/n1420.5/r/n1807.5/r/n1399.5/r/n880.5/r/n0.0/r/n225.0/r/n8361.0/r/n1970/r/n24.0/r/n61.5/r/n54.0/r/n273.0/r/n0.0/r/n960.0/r/n1570.5/r/n1654.5/r/n780.0/r/n723.0/r/n21.0/r/n223.5/r/n6345.0/r/n1971/r/n202.5/r/n0.0/r/n67.5/r/n784.5/r/n235.5/r/n2170.5/r/n2892.0/r/n2215.5/r/n1374.0/r/n906.0/r/n223.5/r/n225.0/r/n11296.5/r/n1972/r/n208.5/r/n0.0/r/n54.0/r/n715.5/r/n51.0/r/n1840.5/r/n1620.0/r/n880.5/r/n1102.5/r/n379.5/r/n0.0/r/n0.0/r/n6852.0/r/n1973/r/n0.0/r/n0.0/r/n49.5/r/n144.0/r/n0.0/r/n937.5/r/n1086.0/r/n1903.5/r/n759.0