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狀語從句用法詳解在主從復合句中修飾主句的動詞、形容詞、副詞等的從句叫狀語從句。一時間狀語從句:起時間狀語作用的從句。when,while,as,after,before,until/till,since,assoonas,immediately,themoment,everytime,whenever等。1.when,while,as1)when“當。。.。。。的時候”,表示主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或先后緊接著發(fā)生。wasveryhappywhenI(lǐng)heardfromyou。Whenyoudealwiththem,youshouldbecautious。WhenIwasyoung,Iwenttotownmyself.(連續(xù)性動詞)Whenthefirebrokeout,allthestudentsweresleepingsoundly。(非連續(xù)性動詞)Asayoungman(=Whenhewasayoungman),hewasfondofhunting。2)while引導的時間狀語從句中謂語動詞必定是連續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的動詞,側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相比較.MyfatherwaspreparingareportwhileIwasplayinggames。Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.while意為“誠然,盡管",還能夠引導退步狀語從句。Whileitwaslate,hewentonworking。(誠然很晚了,但他還在連續(xù)工作。)?Whileheisinpoorhealth,heworkshard.(誠然他身體不好,但他還是努力工作.)4)連接兩個并列句子,表示“比較"關(guān)系。比方:Hewentoutforawalk,whileIstayedathome。他出去閑步了,而我卻呆在家里。)?Ilikesingingwhileshelikesdancing.(我喜歡唱歌,而她喜歡跳舞。)?Youlikesports,whileIprefermusic.5)as表示從句和主句的兩個動作交替進行或同時發(fā)生,可譯為“一邊。。。。.。,一邊。.。.。.”或“隨著。.。。。?!?。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent。Astimegoeson,it'sgettingwarmerandwarmer。注意:若是主句表示的是短暫動作,而從句用連續(xù)性動詞的進行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作,when,while與as可互換.When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine。2。till,until和not.。.until1)until/till必定句:主句的謂語動詞必定是連續(xù)性動詞,主句、從句都為必定式,意為“某動作素來連續(xù)到某時間點才停止"。Heremainedthereuntil/tillshearrived。1Youmaystayhereuntil/tilltherainstops。2)否定句:主句的謂語動詞必定是非連續(xù)性動詞,從句為必定式,意為“某動作直到某時間才開始”。構(gòu)成not。。.until/till,意為“直到。.。。..才”.Shedidn’tgotobeduntilIcomeback.Don’tworry。Wewon'tsetoffuntilyouarrive。3)till不可以夠置于句首,而until能夠.Untilyoutoldmethenews,Ihadnoideaofit.4)not。。。until句型中的重申解倒裝用法。重申句型:ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.倒裝句型:NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit。(notuntil置于句首,主句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))Notuntiltheclockstruck12didsherealizeshemustgohomeatonce.3。before1)before“沒有來得及。。。。.。就”“未.。...。就”“。.。。..就。。。...”Someonecalledmeupinthenight,buttheyhungupbeforIcouldanswerthephone。Theyhadtalkedonlyafewminutesbeforetheyfoundtheywerequitedifferentinopinion。2)before作“。。。。。.才。.。。。?!保裕鑕busdriveralmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme。Thefirelastedaboutfourhoursbeforethefirefighterswereabletocontrolit。3)before可譯為“趁”“省得"“以防”等。I’lldoitbeforeIforgotit。趁還沒有忘,我現(xiàn)在就把這事做了。We’dbetterfinishtheworkintimebeforethebossscoldsus.4)before可譯為“(情愿。。.。.。而)不愿”。He’ddiebeforeheapologizestothem。他寧死也不向他們道歉。I’dgiveuptheplanbeforeIturntohimforhelp.注意:“It+be+一段時間+before從句”中的主句和從句的時態(tài)有兩種情況:若是主句用一般將來時,則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,意為“多長時間今后某事立刻發(fā)生”;Itwon'tbelongbeforewemeetagain。不久我們就會再見的.若是主句用過去時,從句也用過去時,意為“多長時間今后某事才發(fā)生”.Itwas3yearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad。三年后他才從外國回來.4.since譯為“自從..。...”,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時,從句常用一般過去時。Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool。Ihaven’theardanynoisesinceIslept。HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.25。assoonas,immediat(yī)ely,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner.。.than。。.,hardly/scarcely。。.when..。和once(一。。。。。.就)這些隸屬連詞引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生,主句的動作隨即發(fā)生,常譯作“一..。。。。就。。.。。.".從句中用一般時態(tài)代替將來時態(tài).ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother。注意:nosooner.。。than;hardly.。.when。.。時態(tài)搭配:nosooner與hardly引導的句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成時,而than與when引導的句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般過去時.當把nosooner和hardly提到句首時,應(yīng)用倒裝語序.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.6.everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime,allthetime等名詞短語用來引導時間狀語從句,表示“每當。...。。;每次。。.。..;下次..。。.?!钡?。Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout。exttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere。ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.IthinkofthethingsandthepeoplewhenwestudiedthereeverytimeIgobymymotherschool.二地點狀語從句:在句中作地點狀語的從句稱為地點狀語從句,可置于句首、句中或句尾.引導詞有where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere等。Makemarkswhereyouhavequestions。Youcangoanywhereyoulike。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway。注意:地點狀語從句與定語從句的差異where引導定語從句時,從句前應(yīng)有一個表示地點的詞作先行詞;而狀語從句前則無需用先行詞。Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom。You'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions。(狀語從句You'dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.(定語從句)3三退步狀語從句引導退步狀語從句的連詞有although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether..。or.。。,whether(..。)ornot,whatever,nomatterwhat/how/why等.1.though/although引導的退步狀語從句1)although和though意義相同,都意為“誠然,即使”,表示退步,可互換使用,差異在于although語氣較重,大多置于句首.2)though/although引導退步狀語從句時,主句若用yet或still引出,更加重申比較性,但不可以出現(xiàn)but.3)though引導的從句能夠把表語、狀語、動詞等提至句首。在asthough,eventhough中一般不可以用although代替.同時although不可以當副詞用,而though則可.Althoughit'sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield。Shortthoughitis,thearticleisveryimportant。注意:though還可用作副詞,意為“可是,可是”,置于句末.Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn’t,though。他說他會來,可是沒有來。2.eventhough/evenif引導的退步狀語從句Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim。)Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim。(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim。)as引導的退步狀語從句,從句中的表語、狀語以及謂語中的實義動詞需提前至從句句首,作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞,冠詞需要省去。Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthintodo。=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Muchas/thoughIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit,forit'stooexpensive。Tryas/thoughyoumay,youwillneversucceed.Tiredas/thoughhewas,hecontinuedtowork。whether。。or/whether(。。。)ornot引導的退步狀語從句You’llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou’refreeorbusy.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,its’true。5。while引導的退步狀語從句表示“盡管",比though/although語氣弱.while引導的退步狀語從句一般要位于句首。4WhileIlikethecolor,Idon'tliketheshape.我誠然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀。WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou。6。what—ever引導的退步狀語從句,常可換成“nomatter+wh-詞”,但在引導名詞性從句時只好用wh—ever類詞。I'llwaitforyouhowever(nomatterhow)lateitis。Whoever(Nomat(yī)ter)youare,youmustkeepthelaw。注意:“nomatter+疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只好引導退步狀語從句,而wh—ever類詞還能夠夠引導名詞性從句或其他狀語從句。I'lleatwhat(yī)everyougiveme.(what引導賓語從句)Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever引導主語從句)四原因狀語從句1.)because語氣最強,用以回答why引起的提問,它還可用于重申結(jié)構(gòu).Shewasafraidtomovebecauseasnakewaslyingbesideher.-Whydidtheyfail?-Itwasbecausetheydidn’tdoheirtbest.2)as語氣弱,較口語化,as從句多置于主句從前。Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbaghome。Asitwasapublicholiday,alltheshopswereshut.3)since的語氣比較弱,常表示對方已知的事實,經(jīng)常相當于漢語的“既然".since從句多置于主句從前。SinceMondayisBob’sbirthday,let’sgivehimaparty。Sinceyouarefreetonight,whynotdropinandplaychesswithme?注意:上述三個詞為隸屬連詞,而for是一個并列連詞。for有時可用來作附加說明,必定把其引起的句子放在某一句子此后。Weshouldbemorecareful,foritisalreadydark.2.nowthat(yī)主要用于口語,表示稍微的原因,that有時能夠省略。Nowthatyouhavecome,youmayaswellstay。Nowthateverythingissettled,Ihavenoreasonhere。forthereasonthat的用法,that后是一個同位語從句,講解說明reason的內(nèi)容。Ioftengototheconcertforthesimplereasonthat(yī)Ilovemusic.ForthereasonthatIhaven'tworkedhard,I’ellhavtocrambeforethecomingexaminat(yī)ions。由于平時不努力,考試前我只好臨時抱佛腳.that后的從句behappythat,besurprisedthat等中的that從句有時也被認為是原因狀語5從句.I’msorrythatIhaven'tdonesomuchasIshould。Wefeelproudthatourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.五方式狀語從句as,asif/though等as引導方式狀語從句。YoumustdotheexperimentasIdo。////Youarefinejustasyouare。asif/though引導方式狀語從句。1)asif/though引導的方式狀語從句所表示的情況是事實或擁有很大可能性時,Sheclosedhereyesasifshewastired.2)若是從句所表示的情況不是事實,平時用虛假語氣.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.HespeaksEnglishasifhewereaforeiner。Itsoundsasifhecouldsolvetheproblem。Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif/thoughtheyneverexisted。注意:asif/though也能夠引導一個分詞短語,不定式短語或無動詞短語。Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforthefirsttime。Heclearedhisthroat(yī)asiftosaysomething。Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.六條件狀語從句常用引導詞有if,unless,as/solongas,once,incase,onconditionthat,supposing(that(yī)),providing(that),provided(that),given(that(yī))等。在條件狀語從句中,平時用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時,IwilldefinitelystudymedicineafterIfinishschool.在條件狀語從句中,一般過去時表示過去將來時,Wearrivedat(yī)theairportbeforeitrained?,F(xiàn)在完成時表示將來完成時。I’llwatchtvassoonasI’vefinishedmyhomework.if引導的條件狀語從句Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou。Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown。unless引導的條件狀語從句,意為“除非,若不”。Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.oncondition(that)引導的條件狀語從句,“在。.。。。.條件下”。Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetoke6七目的狀語從句,常用來引導目的狀語從句的epitasecret。Iwilldoitonconditionthat(yī)youhelpme.supposing/proving/provided/given(that(yī))能夠用作連詞,意為“若是,若是”,引導條件從句表示一種假設(shè)條件。Supposing(that)itrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?Providing/Supposing/Given/Provided(that)youpromisenottotellanyoneelse,I'lltellyouthedetails.incase引導的條件狀語從句常放在主句前,表示“若是,若是”。Incasehecomes,tellhimtowaitawhile。Incaseanythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.as/solongas引導的條件狀語從句,意思是“只要”。Solongasyou’rehappy,itdoesn'tmat(yī)terwhatyoudo。As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llovercomeanydifficulty.once引導的條件狀語從句,意為“一旦,一。。。。。.就”,從句可置于主句前或后。ncevirtueislost,allislost。一旦道德扔掉了,什么都扔掉了.Onceyoushowanyfear,thedogwillattackyou。有so,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase(that),forthepurposethat,lest等。1.inorderthat,sothat引導的目的狀語從句需要用神情動詞,如ay/might/will/would/shall/should/can/could等。Theycarvedthewordsonthestonesothat/inorderthatthefuturegenerationshould/mightrememberwhattheyhaddone.Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly。sothat引導的從句只好置于主句此后,其中that有時能夠省略。Weclimbedhighso(that)wemightgetabetterview。2.forfear(that),incase,lest引導的目的狀語從句Wehadameetingandtalkedthematterfacetoface,frfearthat(yī)thereshouldbeanymisunderstanding.我們開了一個當面的會議談?wù)撨@個問題,省得引起誤會.incase表示以防(萬一)發(fā)生某種情況.Lest意為“以防"。Takeanumbrellawithyouincase/lestitshouldrain。帶著傘以防下雨.八結(jié)果狀語從句71。that,so,sothat,so..。that.。。,suchthat,such.。。that.。.等。Wemovedtothecountrysothatwewereawayfromthenoisyanddullcity。Hespokeatthetopofhisvoicesothatthestudentsatthebackheardhim.2.so。。.that。。。引導的結(jié)果狀語從句so+形容詞/副詞+that從句Lisalefthomesohurriedlythatshelefthercellphonehome.so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that從句Tomissokindaboythattheyallliketomakefriendswithhim。so+many/much/few/little+名詞+that從句Thereissolittletimeleftthat(yī)wehavetospeedup.3。such。。。that。.。引導的結(jié)果狀語從句such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that從句Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim。such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式/不可以數(shù)名詞+that(yī)從句Theseweresuchdifficultquestionsthatnoneofuscouldanswer。Wehadsuchterribleweatherthatwecouldn’tfinishtheworkontime.so。.。that。。。與such。.。that(yī)。。.的差異so是副詞,其修飾的中心詞是形容詞、副詞;such是形容詞,其修飾的中心詞是名詞。Hespokesofastthatnooneunderstandhim.Theyaresuchfineteachersthat(yī)weallholdthemingreatrespect.Jackissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.=Jackissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.為了重申形容詞或副詞,so/such。。。that。.。引導的結(jié)果狀語從句,可把so/such部分置于句首,主句用倒裝語序.Soexcitedwashethathecouldnotfallintosleep。Suchgoodnewsdidwegetthateveryonewasexcited。九比較狀語從句常用as.。。as,notas/so。..a(chǎn)s.。。,than等連詞引導。“the比較級...,the+比較級。。?!苯Y(jié)構(gòu)也可引導比較狀語從句。同級比較常用“as。..as.。?!苯Y(jié)構(gòu)。HespeaksEnglishaswellasyoudo。Hewokeupassuddenlyashehadfallenasleep.8不相同級比較常用“notas/so。..as。.?!苯Y(jié)構(gòu).Hishandwritingisnotasgoodasyours(is)。Hedoesn’tspeakEnglishaswellasyoudo。差級或最高等比較常用結(jié)構(gòu)“。。。than。..”。Hewasmoresuccessfulthanwehadexpected.Hecanearnnomoremoneythanyoucan。比較關(guān)系的狀語從句常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“the+比較級。。。,the+比較級。。."。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake。Thesooneryouareback,thebetteritwillbe。注意:what/as也可引導對稱或比較關(guān)系的狀語從句。Foodistomenwhat(yī)/asoilistomachine.食品之于人,好像油之于機器。Enginesaretomachineswhat/asheartsaretoanimals。引擎對于機器而言就恰似心臟對動物相同。十狀語從句中的省略在表示時間、地點、條件、方式、比較或退
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