高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)1課件

專題六動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞分類一覽表分類功能及構(gòu)成例詞例句備注實(shí)義動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)give,tell,send,etc.Hegavemeapresent.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

不及物動(dòng)詞后不加賓語(yǔ)work,swim,arrive,etc.Hearrivedlate.系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，必須跟表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)

狀態(tài)類be,remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,sit,lie,prove,turnout,workout,seem,appearHeisateacher.Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.Theplanturnedoutasuccess.Heseems(tobe)verysad.Thesearchproveddifficult.感覺(jué)類feel,smell,sound,taste,lookThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.大部分的表示變化類的系動(dòng)詞有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，但所有的系動(dòng)詞都沒(méi)有被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變化類become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,makeThefishwentbad.Hebecameadoctortwoyearsago.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.二、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的測(cè)試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語(yǔ)的辨異。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一覽表：構(gòu)成例詞例句動(dòng)詞+副詞turnup,turnoff,etc.Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.動(dòng)詞＋介詞agreewith,etc.Iagreewithyouonthatpoint.動(dòng)詞+副詞＋介詞lookforwardto,etc.Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.動(dòng)詞+名詞＋介詞

makeuseof,etc.

Youshouldmakefulluseofyourtime.

動(dòng)詞+名詞

takeplace,etc.

Greatchangesaretakingplaceinourlife.

動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是歷年高考單項(xiàng)填空考查的核心。設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)考查考生在具體語(yǔ)境中對(duì)其的理解和實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力?！究键c(diǎn)一】考查助動(dòng)詞的用法助動(dòng)詞有be(am,is,are,was,were,been),have(has,had),do(does,did),will(would),shall(should)。它們本身沒(méi)有詞義，只和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一定形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，用來(lái)表示時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，構(gòu)成否定、疑問(wèn)及加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣等。（1）助動(dòng)詞be(am,is,are,were,been)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句be+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Theyarehavingameeting.be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.betodosth.表示計(jì)劃、安排或命令HeistogotoNewYorknextweek.begoingtodosth.表示計(jì)劃或有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事Lookatthedarkclouds.It’sgoingtorain.（2）助動(dòng)詞have(has,had)的用法

結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句have+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)HehasleftforLondon.Haveyouseenthefilm?HehadleftforLondonbeforeIcame.havebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Whathaveyoubeendoingthesedays?【考點(diǎn)二】常考的變化類系動(dòng)詞辨析

系動(dòng)詞用法常用結(jié)構(gòu)例句go①由好到壞或由正常到不常的變化②“保持”gobad；goblind；gomad;gohungry(unreported,unnoticed)Thetirewentflat.He變成為（已知的狀態(tài)）；證實(shí)為cometrue;comerightThingswillcomerightintheend.Hisdreamwillcometruesoonerorlater.get“變成，變得……起來(lái)”。較口語(yǔ)化。強(qiáng)調(diào)“逐漸”。后接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)。Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.

become“成為”，普通用語(yǔ)，多表示過(guò)去完成的事。become+a(n)+名詞Shehasbecomealawyer.Hebecameangrywithme.

grow“漸漸變得……起來(lái)；長(zhǎng)得”，強(qiáng)調(diào)其變化過(guò)程。?？山颖硎咎鞖獾男稳菰~。It’sgrowingwarm.look“好像，看起來(lái)”，一般用于非正式場(chǎng)合。側(cè)重由視覺(jué)得到的印象。look+adj./n./prep.looklike;lookasif/thoughShelookslikehermother.Itlooksasifwearegoingtohavesnow.【考點(diǎn)三】考查主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的用法（1）need,want,require(要求，需要),deserve(應(yīng)得，值得),beworth(值得)，后面接doing主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Thebookisworthreading.Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).（2）不定式作定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾詞后面，與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系，不定式要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義。Ihavemuchworktodo.（與work有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I有主謂關(guān)系）比較：Ihavealettertobetyped.（3）不定式作表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形容詞時(shí)(主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式)，如果形容詞是表示難易、利弊等含義時(shí)(difficult,easy,comfortable,convenient,hard,cheap,expensive,etc.)，不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theworkiseasytodo.(=It’seasytodothework.)（4）有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))只有主動(dòng)形式，常視為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。①takeplace,happen,breakout等。Abigfirehappened/tookplace/brokeoutlastnight.②一些動(dòng)詞,如:sell(銷售),wash(洗),clean(打掃),burn(燃燒),cook(煮),write(寫)等與副詞,如:well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等連用，描繪事物的特性，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+副詞。Thebooksellswell.Theseclotheswasheasily.Thepenwriteswell.Nyloncleanseasily.【考點(diǎn)四】考查易混短語(yǔ)的用法動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的測(cè)試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短語(yǔ)的辨析。1.AGREE短語(yǔ)sb.agreewithsb.某人同意某人的話/意見(jiàn)sth.agreewithsb.某物/某事適應(yīng)某人agreetotheplan/decision/arrangement同意計(jì)劃/決定/安排agreeonsth.就……達(dá)成共識(shí)agreetodosth.同意干某事2.BREAK短語(yǔ)breakaway(from)（與……）脫離；改掉（習(xí)慣）breakdown（身體）垮掉；（計(jì)劃、談判）失?。唬ㄆ嚕佸^；分解（強(qiáng)調(diào)化學(xué)變化）breakin/into闖入breakoff折斷；斷絕breakout（fire,disease,war,etc.）突發(fā)，爆發(fā)（火災(zāi)，疾病，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）breakup打碎；分裂；分解(強(qiáng)調(diào)化學(xué)變化)3.BRING短語(yǔ)bringabout引起，造成；實(shí)現(xiàn)bringback拿回；使回憶起來(lái)bringdown使倒下；降低bringin掙得；介紹引進(jìn)bringon引起,導(dǎo)致bringout揭示，揭露bring...tolight揭露；使了解到bringup撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐4.CALL短語(yǔ)callat+sp.拜訪某地callon/upon+sb.訪問(wèn)，拜訪某人callfor要求；需要callin召集；請(qǐng)來(lái)calloff取消callup打電話；令人想起5.CARRY短語(yǔ)carryon進(jìn)行；進(jìn)行下去carryout貫徹，執(zhí)行carrythrough順利完成，順利實(shí)現(xiàn)6.COME短語(yǔ)comeabout發(fā)生；造成comeacross偶遇comealong加油，快點(diǎn)；進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行comeintoeffect(force)生效comeintobeing形成；產(chǎn)生comeintopower開(kāi)始執(zhí)政comeon快點(diǎn)comeout出來(lái)；出版；結(jié)果getout出去，離開(kāi)；泄露getover克服getthrough接通電話；用完；做完；通過(guò)getup起床9.GIVE短語(yǔ)giveaway泄露；出賣givein讓步，投降；交上giveoff發(fā)出(蒸汽、液體、霧等)giveout分發(fā)；發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)；用盡，精疲力竭giveup放棄(念頭、希望等)10.GO短語(yǔ)goagainst反對(duì)；違反；不利于goby(從……旁)走過(guò)；順便走訪godown下降goinfor參加；愛(ài)好gooff離開(kāi)；爆炸goover(對(duì)……進(jìn)行)仔細(xì)檢查；潤(rùn)色；復(fù)習(xí)gothrough仔細(xì)檢查；經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；被通過(guò)gowith伴隨；與……相配11.KEEP短語(yǔ)keepaneyeon注意；監(jiān)視keepawayfrom不讓接近keepback阻止；隱瞞keepdown鎮(zhèn)壓；保留keepinmind記住keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系keepon繼續(xù)keepto遵循；堅(jiān)持keep...tooneself對(duì)……守口如瓶keepupwith跟上；不落后12.LOOK短語(yǔ)lookafter照顧，照看putup舉起；投宿；張貼putupwith忍受；容忍14.SET短語(yǔ)setabout開(kāi)始，著手（后接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞）setout出發(fā)；開(kāi)始；陳列setto起勁地干起來(lái)；毅然開(kāi)始做setaside留出；不顧；撤銷；駁回setoff(for)出發(fā),動(dòng)身；使爆炸；引起；襯托setup設(shè)立；豎立,架起；立業(yè)15.TAKE短語(yǔ)takeafter（在外貌或行為方面）酷似takealong隨身帶著takeaway取走takeback收回takein吸收；理解；欺騙takeoff脫衣；起飛；廣泛使用，大受歡迎takeon呈現(xiàn)；開(kāi)始雇傭；從事takeover接收，接管takeup占據(jù)；開(kāi)始從事；繼續(xù)16.TURN短語(yǔ)turnaway把……打發(fā)走；不讓……進(jìn)入turndown調(diào)低；拒絕turninto進(jìn)入；(使)變成(主要指物質(zhì)形態(tài)、性質(zhì)等的轉(zhuǎn)變)turnoff關(guān)掉turnon開(kāi)啟turnout關(guān)掉；證實(shí)；結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)turnover翻過(guò)來(lái)turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于turnup調(diào)高；找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：不管你認(rèn)為自己多么不好，總會(huì)有人崇拜你，并希望能像你那樣。getridof擺脫；去除；getalongwith與……相處；lookupto尊敬；敬仰；lookdownupon看不起；輕視。4.—HowdidyoulikeNick’sperformancelastnight?—Tobehonest,hissingingdidn’t_______tomemuch.(2010·安徽)A.appealB.belongC.referD.occur解析：選A?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z(yǔ)的用法。答語(yǔ)句意為：說(shuō)實(shí)話，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。appealto吸引；belongto屬于；referto提到；涉及；occurto被想到。5.We’vejustmovedintoabiggerhouseandthere’salottodo.Let’s_______it.(2010·福建)A.keepupwithB.doawaywithC.getdowntoD.lookforwardto解析：選C。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：我們剛剛搬進(jìn)一所大點(diǎn)的房子里，有許多事情要做，讓我們開(kāi)始做吧。getdownto開(kāi)始做，著手做。keepupwith趕上；doawaywith廢除;去掉；lookforwardto期盼。6.—Inthisdayandage,womencanhavechildrenandjobsaswell.—Ican’tagreemore.It’sgreattohavethetwo______.(2010·福建)A.linkedB.relatedC.connectedD.combined解析：選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。答語(yǔ)句意為：我非常贊同。讓這兩者結(jié)合真是太好了。havesth.done.使某事被做。link聯(lián)系，連接；relate使互相關(guān)聯(lián)；connect連接；combine結(jié)合，合并。

7.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained______abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.(2010·福建)A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck解析：選B?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。remain作系動(dòng)詞意為“保持，繼續(xù)”，后面要接名詞、形容詞或分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。據(jù)此判斷應(yīng)該選擇B項(xiàng)stuck。stuck表示“被卡住”，引申為“被滯留”。8.Dutyisanactoracourseofactionthatpeople_______youtotakebysocialcustoms,laworreligion.(2010·湖北)A.persuadeB.requestC.instructD.expect解析：選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：所謂職責(zé)，就是大家根據(jù)社會(huì)習(xí)俗、法律或者宗教信仰期望你所采取的一種行動(dòng)或行為方式。expect預(yù)料；期望；指望，符合句意。persuade說(shuō)服，使某人相信；request禮貌地要求，請(qǐng)求；instruct命令；教授；指導(dǎo)。9.Justastheclothesapersonwears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomhespendshistime,hishouse_______hispersonality.(2010·湖北)A.resemblesB.strengthensC.reflectsD.shapes解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：對(duì)于一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，就像他的穿衣、吃飯以及與之度過(guò)時(shí)光的朋友一樣，他的房子代表了他的個(gè)性。reflect反射；顯示；反映，符合題意。resemble類似，像；strengthen加強(qiáng)；鞏固；shape塑造，使成形；形成；使符合。10.Hadshe______herpromise,shewouldhavemadeittoYaleUniversity.(2010·湖北)13.Thousandsofpeople______towatchyesterday’smatchagainstIreland.(2010·遼寧)A.turnedon B.turnedinC.turnedaround D.turnedout解析：選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：結(jié)果顯示有成千上萬(wàn)的人觀看了昨天同愛(ài)爾蘭隊(duì)的比賽。turnout結(jié)果為；證明是；turnon打開(kāi)；turnin上交,遞交；turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身。14.Thenewmovie_______tobeoneofthebiggestmoney-makersofalltime.(2010·遼寧)A.promises B.agreesC.pretends D.declines解析：選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：這部新電影有望成為電影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。promise許諾，答應(yīng)；有……的希望；agree同意，贊同；pretend假裝；decline衰老，衰退。15.Sam_______someknowledgeofthecomputerjustbywatchingothersworkingonit.(2010·山東)A.broughtup B.lookedupC.pickedup D.setup解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：山姆只通過(guò)觀察別人操作電腦就學(xué)到了一些電腦知識(shí)。pickup學(xué)會(huì)；撿起；順車接送，搭載；收拾，整理；重新開(kāi)始；獲得；bringup撫養(yǎng)，教育；提出；嘔吐；lookup向上看；（形勢(shì)）好轉(zhuǎn)，改善；查閱；setup建立，設(shè)置；造成，產(chǎn)生。16.Yourhouseisalwayssoneat—howdoyou______itwiththreechildren?(2010·山東)A.manage B.serveC.adapt D.construct解析：選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的使用。句意為：你家總是這么整潔——你是如何帶著三個(gè)孩子做到這一點(diǎn)的？表示“設(shè)法做成某事”用manageit。serve服務(wù)；接待；adapt使適應(yīng)，使適合；construct建造，構(gòu)筑；構(gòu)思。17.Youloo