考研考博-英語-上海東海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海東海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Surprisinglyperhaps,thebiggest

healthriskfortouriststravellingabroadisactuallyroadtrafficaccidents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.theoretical

C.definite

D.alternative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。potential“潛在的，可能的”；theoretical“理論的；理論上的”；definite“一定的，確切的”；alternative“供選擇的；選擇性的”。句意：也許令人驚訝的是，對出國旅游的游客來說，最大的潛在健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)實(shí)際上是道路交通事故。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthattheywerecasuallyrelatedtobehavior;thatis,theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.Commonsense,too,suggestsarelationship.Isn’titlogicalthatpeoplewatchtelevisionprogramstheylike,orthatemployeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistasteful?

However,inthelate1960s,thisassumedeffectofattitudesonbehaviorwaschallengedbyareviewoftheresearch.Oneresearcher—LeonFestinger—arguedthatattitudesfollowbehavior.Didyouevernoticehowpeoplechangewhattheysay.soitdoesn’tcontradictwhattheydo?PerhapsafriendofyourshasconsistentlyarguedthatthequalityofUScarsisn’tuptothatofimportsandthathe’dneverownanythingbutaJapaneseorGermancar.Buthisdadgiveshimalate-modelFordMustang,andsuddenlyUScarsaren'tsobad.Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.Festingerarguedthatanyformofinconsistencyisuncomfortableandthatindividualswillattempttoreducethedissonanceand,hence,thediscomfort.Theywillseekastablestate,inwhichthereisaminimumofdissonance.

Researchhasgenerallyconcludedthatpeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehavior.Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.Tobaccoexecutivesprovideanexample.Howyoumightwonderdothesepeoplecopewiththeongoingbarrageofdatalinkingcigarettesmokingandnegativehealthoutcomes?Theycandenythatanyclearcausationbetweensmokingandcancer,forinstance,hasbeenestablished.Theycanbrainwashthemselvesbycontinuallyarticulatingthebenefitsoftobacco.Theycanacknowledgethenegativeconsequencesofsmoking,butrationalizethatpeoplearegoingtosmokeandthattobaccocompaniesmerelypromotefreedomofchoice.Theycanaccepttheresearchevidenceandbeginactivelyworkingtomakelessdangerouscigarettesoratleastreducetheiravailabilitytomorevulnerablegroups,suchasteenagers.Ortheycanquittheirjobbecausethedissonanceistoogreat.

Noindividual,ofcourse,cancompletelyavoiddissonance.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong,butyou“fudge”thenumbersabiteveryyearandhopeyou’renotaudited.Oryoutellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.Sohowdopeoplecope?Festingerwouldproposethatthedesiretoreducedissonancedependsontheimportanceoftheelementscreatingitandthedegreeofinfluencetheindividualbelieveshehasovertheelements;individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.Athirdfactoristherewardsofdissonance;highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonancebecausetheyallowustoeasilyrationalizeit.

1.ThepurposeofmentioningtheTVprogramspeoplewatchinthefirstparagraphistoshow（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingcasescanillustrate“dissonance”？

3.PeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehaviorbydoingmanythingsEXCEPTby（）.

4.Theauthorwantstotellus（）bygivingtheexampleoftobaccoexecutives.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatpeopleholddifferentattitudestowarddifferentTVprograms

B.thatpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehaviors

C.thatpeople’sbehaviorsdeterminetheirattitudes

D.thatthereexistsareversiblerelationshipbetweenpeople’sattitudesandtheirbehaviors

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Employeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistastefi.il.

B.AyoungmanlikeJapanesecars,buthisfatherbuyshimaUScar.

C.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong.

D.Youtellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alteringtheirattitudes

B.alteringtheirbehavior

C.developingtherationaldiscrepancy

D.rationalizingthediscrepancy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whysomanypeoplequittheirjobs

B.howpeoplereducethedissonance

C.howpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehavior

D.whypeople’sattitudesareinconsistentwiththeirbehavior

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Highrewardsdecreasepeople’sdesiretoreducethedissonance.

B.Highrewardspromptpeopletoreducethedissonance.

C.Ifpeoplebelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol,thedissonancecanbeavoided.

D.Peoplearelikelytogethigherrewards,iftheycanrationalizetheirbehavior

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.”，可知作者的提出的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是人們的態(tài)度決定了他們的行為。所以可推斷接下來的例子都是用來進(jìn)一步證明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.”，可知認(rèn)知失調(diào)是指個(gè)體在兩種或兩種以上的態(tài)度之間或行為與態(tài)度之間所感知到的任何不一致?？赏茢郿issonance涉及到不一致的問題。所以告訴孩子用牙線但自己卻不用，就體現(xiàn)了這種認(rèn)知的不一致。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句，“Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.”，可知他們會(huì)通過改變態(tài)度，或者改變行為，或者為這種差異找合理的解釋來解決不一致的問題。所以C項(xiàng)“發(fā)展合理化的不一致”文章沒有提及。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。文章第三段首先提到了人們解決不一致性問題的方法，下文舉出了煙草公司高管的例子，可推斷作者用實(shí)例來進(jìn)一步說明人們減少不一致性的具體方法。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonance”，可知高回報(bào)伴隨著高失調(diào)，減少不一致的內(nèi)在張力。所以高回報(bào)是可以降低人們減少不一致的欲望。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。同時(shí)可排除B選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.”，可知當(dāng)態(tài)度或行為很重要，或者當(dāng)他們認(rèn)為這種不一致是由他們能夠控制的事情造成時(shí)，個(gè)人會(huì)更有動(dòng)力去減少這種不協(xié)調(diào)?？膳懦鼵選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)提到如果人們能使自己的行為合理化，他們就有可能獲得更高的回報(bào)，在文中并未提及。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorlearning

B.inattention

C.tryingtolearntoofast

D.noneoftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.depression

B.mentalinactivity

C.lossofmemory

D.physicallyweak

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.

B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.

C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.

D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline

B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline

C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons

D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明，知識(shí)和推理能力并沒有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲是這樣，在60歲和70歲也是如此。”可知中年人和老年人的智力和推理能力幾乎沒有下降。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,muchofwhatwecall‘lossofmemory’isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.然而，我們所謂的‘失憶’，其實(shí)根本不是這樣的。它們通常首先是不完整的學(xué)習(xí)。例如，老年人可能聽力不好，或視力不好，或注意力不集中，或試圖以太快的速度學(xué)習(xí)新事物?！笨芍坝洃泦适А备揪蜎]有這回事。A、B、C三項(xiàng)是導(dǎo)致看似記憶力下降的原因。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor‘senility’.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.在老年人的大腦似乎真的在衰退的情況下，這并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的跡象。通常這只是抑郁情緒的一種表現(xiàn)?！笨芍吐淝榫w是導(dǎo)致老年人的大腦看似衰退的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一、二句“Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.但是請注意，當(dāng)一個(gè)年輕人失去什么東西時(shí)，他不會(huì)責(zé)怪衰老或失憶。他找了一些其他的借口?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“在美國，年輕人從來不會(huì)因?yàn)樗ダ匣蚴浂ト魏螙|西?！闭_。A項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，衰老比我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為的要普遍得多”；B項(xiàng)“對136對雙胞胎的長期研究表明，多年來唯一下降的因素是心理運(yùn)動(dòng)速度”；D項(xiàng)“賈維克博士的研究表明，老年人的大腦似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)衰退”都與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。本文開頭提出人們對大腦的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，即隨著年齡增長，理解力和記憶力下降，大腦衰退。隨后介紹了Dr.Jarvik的研究結(jié)果。即衰老并不會(huì)影響人的智力。接下來的內(nèi)容均圍繞該主題展開。故B項(xiàng)“老年加速心智衰退”正確。

4.翻譯題

舞獅是中國最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視為是能帶來好運(yùn)的吉祥物(mascot)。古人將獅子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù)人類。據(jù)記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代，獅舞就己經(jīng)被引入了皇室，因此，舞獅成為元宵節(jié)和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗，人們以此來祈禱好運(yùn)、平安和幸福。

【答案】LiondanceisoneofthemostpopularfolkdancesinChina.Thelionisthekingofanimals.InChinesetradition,thelionisregardedasamascot,whichcanbringgoodluck.Theancientsawthelionastheembodimentofcourageandstrength,whichcoulddriveawayevilandprotecthumanbeings.Itisrecordedthattheliondancehasahistoryofmorethan2,000years.Inthetangdynasty,theliondancewasintroducedintotheroyalfamily.Therefore,performingtheliondanceattheLanternFestivalandotherfestiveoccasionsbecameacustomwherepeoplecouldprayforgoodluck,safetyandhappiness.

5.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

兩年的研究表明，上網(wǎng)次數(shù)多的人與較少的人相比，即使是一周僅上網(wǎng)幾小時(shí)也會(huì)經(jīng)常地感覺到沮喪和孤獨(dú)。這不是說己經(jīng)有不良感覺的人在網(wǎng)上花費(fèi)了更多的時(shí)間而是說使用英特網(wǎng)似乎確實(shí)誘發(fā)了人們的不良感覺。研究人員對這些結(jié)果困惑不解，因?yàn)檫@與他們的預(yù)料截然相反。他們頂測，與電視相比，從社會(huì)角度來說，上網(wǎng)可能更健康一些，因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)允許使用者選擇自己想要的信息和別人交流。

歷史記載人類進(jìn)入文明社會(huì)以來的思想和行為--不管是發(fā)生在昨天，還是去年，也不管是發(fā)生在一百年前，還是甚至在一千年前。由于人不是孤單地生存的，所以歷史必然要涉及社會(huì)群體，尤其是國家和民族。正如傳記描寫個(gè)人的一生，歷史記述人類社會(huì)的興起、發(fā)展和袞亡。歷史已經(jīng)成為對某個(gè)民族的整個(gè)文化的記載，因此歷史學(xué)家需要了解這個(gè)民族的衣食住行，了解他們的社會(huì)分工、學(xué)術(shù)流派、宗教迷信和娛樂慶典。

【答案】Thetwo-yearstudyindicatedthat,comparedwithpeoplewhologgedontheInternetlessfrequently,thepeoplewhologgedonmorealsooftensufferedpressureandlonelinessevenincaseofspendingjustafewhoursaweekontheInternet.ThisisabouttheusageoftheInternetactuallyappearedtocausethepeopletohavebadfeelingsratherthanmoretimespentbywhohadalreadybadfeelings.Theresearcherswerepuzzledbytheresults,whichwerecontrarytotheirexpectations.TheyconcludedthattheInternetmaybesociallyhealthierthantelevision,becauseitallowsuserstochoosewhatinformationtheywanttocommunicatewithothers

Historyrecordsallthoughtsandactionsofmanfromthebeginningofcivilizedsociety—nomattersuchthoughtsandactionshappenedyesterdayorlastyearorahundredorathousandyearsago.Sincemandoesnotlivealone,historymustinvolvesocialgroups,especiallystatesandnations.Justasbiographydescribesindividuallife,historyrelatestherise,progressanddeclineofhumansocieties.Historybecomesanaccountoftheentirecultureofpeople,sohistoriansneedtotheirbasicnecessities,theirsocialdivisionoflabour,academicschools,religioussuperstitionsandentertainmentcelebrations.

6.單選題

TheAmericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnot（

）firstplacetoanyteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yoke

B.yell

C.yield

D.yearn

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：美國籃球隊(duì)宣布，他們不會(huì)將第一名讓給其他人。Yoke“結(jié)合”；yell“叫喊”；yield“產(chǎn)出；屈服；放棄”；yearn“渴望，向往”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Don’tlethiscriticism（）you;hebelongstothekindofpeoplewhoalwaystakegreatdelightinfindingfaultwithother’sbehavior.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuade

B.concern

C.dismiss

D.discourage

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persuade“說服”；B選項(xiàng)concern“影響，牽扯”；C選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散，解雇”；D選項(xiàng)discourage“阻止，使氣餒”。句意：不要因?yàn)樗呐u而（）；他是那種喜歡對別人的行為吹毛求疵的人。本句表達(dá)的意思“不要因?yàn)樗呐u而氣餒”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis（）anonymous,statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.everythingexcept

B.anythingbut

C.nolessthan

D.nothingmorethan

【答案】D

【解析】everythingexcept除了；anythingbut絕不；nolessthan不少于,正如；nothingmorethan不過是,無非是。句意：個(gè)體的電視觀眾總是覺得自己在眾多不同的觀眾中僅僅是無足輕重、微不足道的。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.填空題

Johnhasdecidedtogive（

）smoking

【答案】up

【解析】固定搭配。Giveup放棄,戒掉。

10.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是為了確保樹木按照所需要的形狀或大小生長）。因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的樹枝可以促進(jìn)樹木的健康）。因此推測，樹木中心的樹枝太多不利于樹木的生長，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在樹木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是為了防止病害從樹木切口進(jìn)入，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝會(huì)給樹木帶來更多的傷害）。由此推測，好的園丁只是在必要的時(shí)候才修剪樹木，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.通篇作者在闡述什么情況下修剪樹木并且詳細(xì)介紹了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪樹木方面給予實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)，A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

11.單選題

Fromthevastarsenalofexistingscienceandtechnology,thedevelopingcountriesshouldselectwhatsuitstheirownpurposesandwhatcorrespondstotheiraspirations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concepts

B.desires

C.goals

D.spirits

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。aspiration表示“渴望，抱負(fù)”；A項(xiàng)concept“觀念，概念”，B項(xiàng)desire“欲望，要求，心愿”，C項(xiàng)goal“目標(biāo)，球門”，D項(xiàng)spirit“精神，心靈，情緒”。句意：發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)從現(xiàn)有的大量科學(xué)技術(shù)中，選擇符合自身目的、符合自身愿望的科學(xué)技術(shù)。根據(jù)句意可知，B項(xiàng)意思與aspiration相近。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

BarbaraStrozziwasasingerandcomposerofmadrigalsariasandcantataspublishedinVenicebetween1644and1664.Heruseofthesevocalformsplacesherdirectlywithinthecantatatraditionofthemid-seventeenthcentury,alongwithsuchmayorfigureasRossi,Carissimi,andCesti.WiththenotableexceptionofFrancescaCaccioi(1587-1640),sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition.

Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored.Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste.”Suchanappreciationnowappearsirrelevantaswellaspolemicalinitsincompletenessbecauseweareinabetterposition-withregardtobothhistoricalknowledgeandsocialawareness-toattemptamorepreciseevaluationforasomewhatanomalous(unusual)figurelikeBarbaraStrozzi.

Bornin1619inVenice,shegrewupinthehomeofGiulioStrozzi,arenownedpoetandleadingfigureamongVenetianintellectuals.Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety.Indeed,shewasabletoenteraworldthatwas,apparently,closedtoothermembersofhersex.Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy.Thisparallelsuggeststhatsuchanenvironmentmayhavebeenessentialforthedevelopmentofafemalecomposer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,BarbaraStrozzi’smusicattractedattentionearlyinthetwentiethcenturybecauseof（

）.

2.Theauthor’suseoftheword“supposedly”(line4,Para.2)implieswhichofthefollowing?

3.TheauthorofthepassagebasesherassertionthatStrozziisoneoftheveryfewseventeenth-centuryItalianwomencomposersonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.TheauthorofthepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwasmostessentialtothesuccessofbothFrancescaCacciniandBarbaraStrozzi?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatallofthefollowingmadeBarbaraStrozzi“asomewhatanomalousfigure”EXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsuniquelyprivatecharacter

B.itsinfluenceonFrancescaCaccini

C.thescarcityofseventeenth-centurywomencomposers

D.theunconventionalityofitsforms

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthordoubtsthehistoricalauthenticityofthequotationthatfollows.

B.Theauthordoubtstheaccuracyofthefactssheisreporting.

C.Theauthordisagreeswiththejudgmentsheisdiscussing.

D.TheauthordoesnotbelievethatStrozzi9smusichasthequalitiescitedinthequotation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Publicrecognitionisanindispensablepartofacareerasacomposer.

B.StrozziandCacciniwereinfluencedbythesamecomposers.

C.Themusicofanywomancomposerwhomherseventeenth-centurycontemporariesregardedasnoteworthywouldbeknowntomodemscholars.

D.Thecantatatraditionofthemed-seventeenthcenturyincludescomposersscholarsandperformersofmadrigalsandariasaswellascantatas.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheirpresenceinVeniceatatimewhenvocalmusicnourished.

B.Theirearlyfirsthandexposuretomusicandmusicians.

C.Thelackofcompetitionfromothercomposers.

D.Thepopularityofmadrigalsandcantatasinseventeenth-centuryItaly.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.shewasawomancomposerduringtheseventeenthcentury

B.shedidnotwritedramaticworksforvoice

C.shedidnotperformoperaticworks

D.shewrotemovingvocalworks

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到這一歷史上的與眾不同在本世紀(jì)初吸引了人們對她作品的關(guān)注，而這時(shí)大多數(shù)和她同時(shí)代的男性作曲家，甚至任何時(shí)代的女性作曲家的作品，仍然相對被忽視（Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored），由此可知她的作品之所以吸引別人的關(guān)注是因?yàn)樗髌返呐c眾不同，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到對她風(fēng)格的欣賞受到了主流傳統(tǒng)的限制，局限于對其女性化特質(zhì)的孤立：自發(fā)性、精致的優(yōu)雅、絕妙的品味（Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste”），由此可知作者并不贊成這種觀點(diǎn)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第一段最后一句話提到她是十七世紀(jì)意大利眾多詠嘆調(diào)和大合唱作曲家中唯一知名的女性，而且她是那個(gè)時(shí)期為數(shù)不多的從事作曲家事業(yè)并獲得一定程度的公眾認(rèn)可的女性之一（sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到芭芭拉很早就接觸了威尼斯音樂和文學(xué)社會(huì)（Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety），接著提到了成功的意大利女性作曲家卡西尼從嬰兒時(shí)期就接觸音樂（Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，除了選項(xiàng)A“她是17世紀(jì)女作曲家”不是她不尋常的原因外，其他三項(xiàng)都是。

13.單選題

Blusterywindsknockedoffhatsandrattledwindows,andtheadventurousboyswere（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.terrified

B.delighted

C.exclamatory

D.deceitful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。terrified恐懼的；delighted高興的，快樂的；exclamatory叫喊的；deceitful騙人的。句意：狂風(fēng)吹落了帽子，震得窗戶格格作響，那些大膽的孩子們覺得好玩。由theadventurousboys“喜歡冒險(xiǎn)的孩子”可知這些孩子喜歡這樣的場景，他們很開心。

14.單選題

Anothertrendofthe1990sinthecomputerindustryistowardmultimediaformats,asthemarketforconventionaltypesofcomputer—thosethathavecomputationanddataprocessingastheirmajorfunctions—hasbeguntobecomesaturated.Multimediacomputersaresystemsthatcanprocessgraphics,sound,video,andanimationinadditiontotraditionaldataprocessing,Videocassetterecorders,televisions,telephones,andaudiocassetteplayershaverecentlyundergoneachangeintechnologyfromanalogtodigitalformats.Televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignals,whilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot.Inotherwords,digitalvideoimagescanbezoomedupordown,reshaped,orrearrangedbytheappropriatesoftware.Also,duetoadvancesinvideo-signalcompressiontechnology,thememoryspacerequiredforstoringavideoprogramhasbeengreatlyreduced.

Multimediahasimportantapplicationsforconsumerproductsandforbusinessneeds.Videoscenesthatarecapturedbycamcorderscanbecombinedwithtext,sound,anddataandcanbeviewedontelevisionsetsinhomes,schools,oroffices.Thesemultimediapresentationsarebecomingusefuleducationalandcommercialtools.Forexample,thereareavailableencyclopediasthatcontainvideoprogramsdepictinganimalbehavior,geoinorphicprocessing,andothernaturalphenomena.Automobilemechanicscanwatchvideosthatdemonstratehowtorepairnewmodels.Inbusinessapplications,documentscanbeannotatedwithvoiceorvideo.Newconsumerproductscanbemoreeffectivelymarketedbydemonstratinghowtheycanbeused.CD-ROMsofnumerousothersubjectshavebeenrecentlypublished;allofthemcanbeviewedonTVmonitorsusingmultimediacomputers.Thesemultimediacomputersystemscan,inturn,beincorporatedintocomputernetworks,enhancingtheeffectivenessofcommunication.

Thismultitudeofnewproductsandcapabilitieshasbeenmadepossiblebythetremendousprogressofmicroprocessortechnology.Becauseoftheadvancesinthisarea,personalcomputershave