考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)藥學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)藥學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Problemsanddiscouragementswillfacetheleader,buthecanovercomethemwithstayingpower.Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeofthegreatestdifficultiesanddiscouragementsincarryingouttheirvisions.

ChristopherColumbus,forinstance,concludedfromtheinformationheacquiredfromtravelsandfromstudyingchartsandmaps,thattheearthwasroundandthathecouldreachAsiabysailingwest.Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.HefirsttriesJohnII,KingofPortugal,withoutsuccess,andthen,theCountofMedinaCeliinSpain.TheCountencouragedColumbusfortwoyears,butneveractuallyprovidedhimwiththemoneyandsuppliesheneeded.FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.

Afterabetterpartofdecadeoftryingtofindapatron,Columbuswasindespair,buthedidn’tstop.Hehadstayingpower.Hebelievedinhismission,butheheldoutforhightermsfromFerdinandandIsabella.Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.Inaddition,hewouldreceiveone-tenthofallthepreciousmetalsdiscoveredwithinhisadmiralty.Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.Itwasn’tuntil12,OctoberthattheylandednoNorthAmerica.

ColumbusdidnotvisittheGrandKhanofCathayashehadhoped.Buthediddiscovertwonewcontinents.Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.

1.WhatwastheattitudeofthekingandqueenofCastiletowardColumbus’planofexpedition?

2.WhofinallypatronizedColumbus?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswasnotmentionedinthepassage?

4.TheauthortakesthestoryofColumbusasanexampletoshowthat（）.

5.Whatdoestheword“vision”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymean?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Concerned

B.Indifferent

C.Optimistic

D.Disapproval

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.CountofMedianCeli

B.JohnII,KingofPortugal

C.KingandqueenofSpain

D.KingandqueenofCastile

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Columbuswantedtosharewhatheshoulddiscover.

B.Columbusfirmlydemandedthathebethecommanderofthevoyagefleet.

C.ThekingandqueenofCastiledidn’tacceptColumbustermsattheverybeginning.

D.Columbusgotfinancialhelpfromthequeenbecausehegaveuphishighterms.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Leadersneedstayingpower.

B.Columbushadenoughstayingpower.

C.Onecan’tdowithoutstayingpower.

D.Stayingpowercannotensuresuccess.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.sight

B.television

C.futureplan

D.imagination

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.”，可知他聯(lián)系了西班牙卡斯提爾國(guó)王和王后費(fèi)迪南德和伊莎貝拉。女王任命的一個(gè)委員會(huì)對(duì)哥倫布的計(jì)劃進(jìn)行了審查，得出的結(jié)論是他的想法是徒勞和不切實(shí)際的。但是他們會(huì)一直對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行討論?？膳袛喑鰢?guó)王和王后對(duì)于哥倫布的行動(dòng)持關(guān)心的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.”，可知王后改變了主意，派人去找他。1492年4月，國(guó)王和王后同意按哥倫布的條件并對(duì)他實(shí)施資助。可判斷出對(duì)哥倫布實(shí)施資助的人是卡斯提爾的國(guó)王和王后。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段段，“Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.”，可知他需要贊助人資助這樣一次探險(xiǎn)，下文就提到了他尋找資助人的堅(jiān)信過(guò)程，可判斷出哥倫布想分享他的發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.”，可知他要求立即授予他海軍上將的軍銜，并任命他為他所發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切事物的總督?？膳袛喑龈鐐惒紙?jiān)決要求他擔(dān)任遠(yuǎn)航艦隊(duì)的總督，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.”可知他的條件遭到拒絕，談判再次中斷。哥倫布動(dòng)身去了法國(guó)。然而，王后改變了主意，派人去找他?？膳袛喑鰢?guó)王和王后一開(kāi)始不同意哥倫布的條件，后面才改變了主意。選項(xiàng)C可排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.作者意圖題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.”，可知哥倫布之所以成功，是因?yàn)樗心土?。可判斷出作者以哥倫布為例子想要說(shuō)明的是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者需要持久的耐力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。Sight“視力，景象”；television“電視機(jī)”；futureplan“未來(lái)的計(jì)劃”；imagination“想象力”。根據(jù)原文，“Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeofthegreatestdifficultiesanddiscouragementsincarryingouttheirvisions.”，可知似乎世界上許多名人在實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的理想時(shí)都面臨著一些最大的困難和挫折。可判斷出vision的意思是理想，未來(lái)的計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Thisnewtypeofplanthasaan（

）,bulb-shapedstem,thoughnotverydelicious.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oval

B.edible

C.reliable

D.available

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)oval“橢圓的”；B選項(xiàng)edible“可食用的”；C選項(xiàng)reliable“可靠的”；D選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”。句意：這種新型的植物有一個(gè)可食用的，球狀的莖，雖然不是很美味。根據(jù)句子的后半部分可知，選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘試想一下，當(dāng)他的三個(gè)高級(jí)內(nèi)閣同僚都在周五晚上向他遞交了辭呈并進(jìn)行抗議，這對(duì)這位首相的打擊有多大?！芍@里應(yīng)選與resignedinprotest“辭職抗議”為并列關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞。A選項(xiàng)revolve“旋轉(zhuǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)resolve“解決”；C選項(xiàng)revive“使復(fù)活，使恢復(fù)”;D選項(xiàng)revolt“反叛，起義”。D選項(xiàng)的revolted與protest相對(duì)應(yīng)，D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

WoodrowWilson（）topreserveworldpeacebysupportingtheestablishmentofanorganizationtosettleinternationaldisputes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.endeavoured

B.incited

C.granted

D.offered

【答案】A

【解析】endeavour竭力，盡力，企圖；incite促使，激勵(lì)；grant授予，同意；offer提供。句意：WoodrowWilson通過(guò)支持成立一個(gè)解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端的組織，努力維護(hù)世界和平。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.翻譯題

1.Therewasonceaharmonytowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtoliveinwithitssurroundings.

2.Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnationalbudgettoagriculturethanmostothercountries.

3.Iftherewereonlyadozenorsoairmoleculesinmykitchen,itwouldbelikelyifIwaitedayearorso一thatatsomepointthesixcoldestoneswouldcongregateinsidethefreezer.

4.Insteadofaglobalvillage,whichisanicedreambutimpossibletomanage,wewillhaveinventedanotherworldofself-containedcommunitiesthatcatertotheirownmember’sinclinationswithoutinterferingwithanyoneelse.

5.Itsgoalistofindouthowtheworldworks,toseekwhatregularitiestheremaybe,topenetratetotheconnectionsofthings—fromsubnuclearparticles,whichmaybetheconstituentsofallmatter,tolivingorganisms,thehumansocialcommunity,andthencetothecosmosasawhole.

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese

【答案】1.這個(gè)國(guó)家曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)和諧的小鎮(zhèn)，所有的生命幾乎和周圍的環(huán)境都和諧相處。

2.政府把國(guó)家大部分的預(yù)算都用于農(nóng)業(yè)，比其他國(guó)家都要多。

3.如果我的廚房里只有十幾個(gè)空氣分子，似乎我需要等待一年左右，在某個(gè)時(shí)刻，六個(gè)最冷的分子會(huì)聚集在冰箱里。

4.我們不是要建立一個(gè)美好但是難于管理的全球村，而是建立一個(gè)由獨(dú)立群體組成的世界，這些群體在不干涉他人的情況下迎合自己的喜好。

5.它的目標(biāo)是探究出世界的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，尋求可能存在的規(guī)律，并且滲透到事物之間的聯(lián)系中去——從構(gòu)成所有物質(zhì)的亞核粒子，到生物體，到人類社會(huì)群體，甚至整個(gè)宇宙。

6.單選題

Heeyedmesilentlyforalongpause,asthoughweighingwhetherIcouldbetrustedtohisconfidence;thenspokeman-to-manthatworkingfortheCurtisCompanyplaced（）responsibilityonayoungman.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enormous

B.erroneous

C.eloquent

D.exterior

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enormous“龐大的；巨大的”；B選項(xiàng)erroneous“錯(cuò)誤的；不正確的”；C選項(xiàng)eloquent“雄辯的；有說(shuō)服力的”；D選項(xiàng)exterior“外部的；外面的”。句意：他默默地看了我許久，似乎在權(quán)衡我是否值得他信任，然后坦率地說(shuō)，在柯蒂斯公司工作給了年輕人……責(zé)任。根據(jù)后面的名詞responsibility“責(zé)任”一般與表示大或者重的形容詞搭配使用，故A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.寫作題

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大學(xué)的功能

2.大學(xué)是否實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)

3.如何改進(jìn)

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmoststudentslackofabilitytothinkindependentlyandtodealwithcomplexthingsinoursociety.I’msuretheseproblemswillbesolvedaslongascorrectandeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.

8.單選題

Everyyearschoolsalloverthecountrywill_______newstudentsthefirstweekinSeptember.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorb

B.include

C.enroll

D.register

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)absorb“吸收；吸引；承受；理解”；B選項(xiàng)include“包含，包括”；C選項(xiàng)enroll“登記；使加入；把……記入名冊(cè)；使入伍”；D選項(xiàng)register“登記；（旅館）登記住宿；掛號(hào)郵寄；表達(dá)（意見(jiàn)或情感）；顯示（讀數(shù)）”。register一般是指錄取后登記；enroll是報(bào)名參加的意思，僅是報(bào)名階段。句意：每年9月的第一周，全國(guó)各地的學(xué)校都會(huì)招收新生。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Anearrevolutionhasoccurredoverthepastdecadeinourunderstandingoftheimpactsofclimatechange.Boththenaturalscienceandtheeconomicsunderlyingpredictionsofclimate-changeimpactshavealtereddramatically.Climatescientistshavereducedthemagnitudeofpredictedwarming,suggestingmilderfutureclimatescenarios.Ecologistshaveshiftedfrompredictingecosystemcollapsetopredictingthatnetprimaryproductivitywilllikelyincreaseoverthelongrun.Andeconomistsarenolongerpredictinglargedamages,butratheramixtureofdamagesandbenefits.

Thesechangesaresodramaticthatitisnotclearwhethertheneteconomiceffectsfromclimatechangeoverthenextcenturywillbeharmflilorhelpful.Thenewresearchfurthersuggeststhateffectsarelikelytovaryacrosstheplanet.Wenowexpecttemperateandpolarcountriestoenjoysmalleconomicgains,whereastropicalcountriesaremorelikelytosuffereconomiclosses.

Ofcourse,wehavenotbanishedalluncertainty,whichwillalwayshauntfutureprojectionsofoutcomes.Thedynamicsofecosystemsarepoorlyunderstood;carboncyclesmaychangeovertime;polaricemaygenerateunwelcomesurprises;andtheeffectsofchangeontropicalregionshavenotyethadthethoroughstudytheyrequire.Nonetheless,therecentscientificandeconomicfindingscreateanewperspectiveonthegreenhouse-gasproblem,andthisnewvision,inturn,callsfornewstrategiesandnewpoliticaloutcomes.

Thereductionindamage-estimatesremovestheurgencytoengageincostlycrashabatementprograms.Ourinitialperspectiveongreenhousegasessuggestedthatwewererapidlyapproachingtheedgeofacliff.Thosefearsnowappearunfounded,fortheimpactsfromclimatewarmingseemtoberelativelysmallforthenextcentury.Therewillbedamagestobesure,buttheywillbeoffsetbybenefits.Thenetexpectedeffectnowisclosertozeroratherthanto2percentofGDP.Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.

1.Theoverallpurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“newperspective”(Para.3)istheresultofashiftfrom

（

）.

3.Theauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelyagreethat

（

）.

4.Theauthorassumesthatthereader（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pointoutflawsincurrentmethodsofclimateanalysis

B.raiseawarenessofthepotentiallydevastatingimpactofglobalwarming

C.proposesanewmethodforstudyingtheeffectsofglobalwarming

D.suggestpolicychangesinlightofrecentscientificfindings

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.scientificanalysistoeconomicanalysis

B.dreadfulpredictionstomoderatepredictions

C.afocusonthepasttoafocusinthefuture

D.afocusonpolarregionstoafocusontropicalregions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.governmentsshouldactswiftlytocurbgreenhousegasemissions

B.itisunclearwhethercarbondioxidecontributestoglobalwarming

C.economicanalysisshouldbeconsideredwhenformulatingapolicyfordealingwithglobalwarming

D.theimpactsfromglobalwarmingwillbeveryhighinthecomingcentury

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isconcernedmorewiththebenefitsofpoliciesthantheircosts

B.isconcernedwithcurbingtheemissionsofgreenhousegases

C.iswillingtoconsiderlong-termeconomiceffects

D.hasaweaknessforinefficientcarsandappliance

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到最后一段中“Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此，新的減排政策應(yīng)著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，而且應(yīng)是廉價(jià)和具有成本效益的。”可知與D項(xiàng)“政策的改變應(yīng)以最近的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)為依據(jù)”正確。A項(xiàng)“指出當(dāng)前氣候分析方法的不足”；B項(xiàng)“提高對(duì)全球變暖潛在破壞性影響的認(rèn)識(shí)”；C項(xiàng)“提出了一種研究全球變暖影響的新方法”D項(xiàng)“根據(jù)最近的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)建議政策的改變”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段中的Nonetheless,therecentscientificandeconomicfindingscreateanewperspectiveonthegreenhouse-gasproblem...盡管如此，最近的科學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn)溫室氣體問(wèn)題上有一個(gè)新的視角?？芍猲ewperspective是由于therecentscientificandeconomicfindings而產(chǎn)生的，結(jié)合第一段中“Climatescientistshavereducedthemagnitudeofpredictedwarming,…Ecologistshaveshiftedfrompredictingecosystemcollapsetopredictingthatnetprimaryproductivitywilllikelyincreaseoverthelongrun.Andeconomistsarenolongerpredictinglargedamages,butratheramixtureofdamagesandbenefits.氣候科學(xué)家已經(jīng)降低了預(yù)測(cè)的變暖幅度……生態(tài)學(xué)家已經(jīng)從預(yù)測(cè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰轉(zhuǎn)向預(yù)測(cè)，凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力可能會(huì)長(zhǎng)期增加。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們不再預(yù)測(cè)損失會(huì)很大，而是預(yù)測(cè)損失和收益的混合體?？芍狟項(xiàng)“從可怕的預(yù)測(cè)到溫和的預(yù)測(cè)”相符。

3.判斷推理題。定位到最后一段中“Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此，新的減排政策應(yīng)著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，而且應(yīng)是廉價(jià)和具有成本效益的。”可知C項(xiàng)“在制定應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的政策時(shí)，經(jīng)濟(jì)分析應(yīng)該被考慮到”正確。由“Thereductionindamage-estimatesremovestheurgencytoengageincostlycrashabatementprograms.損失估算的減少消除了實(shí)施代價(jià)高昂的墜機(jī)事故消除計(jì)劃的緊迫性”可知A項(xiàng)“各國(guó)政府應(yīng)迅速采取行動(dòng)，遏制溫室氣體排放”不對(duì)，B項(xiàng)“目前還不清楚二氧化碳是否對(duì)全球變暖有貢獻(xiàn)”沒(méi)有提及。由“Thosefearsnowappearunfounded,fortheimpactsfromclimatewarmingseemtoberelativelysmallforthenextcentury.現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，這些擔(dān)憂似乎毫無(wú)根據(jù)，因?yàn)闅夂蜃兣瘜?duì)下個(gè)世紀(jì)的影響似乎相對(duì)較小?？芍狣項(xiàng)“未來(lái)一個(gè)世紀(jì)，全球變暖的影響將是巨大的”不對(duì)。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段中“Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此，新的減排政策應(yīng)該從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)，應(yīng)該是便宜的和具有成本效益的?？芍狢項(xiàng)“作者假定讀者愿意考慮長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響”正確。

10.單選題

Theplanewasfatallycrippledwhentherearcargodoorwas（

）inflight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jammed

B.opened

C.pulledoff

D.crumpledup

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“堵塞”；B選項(xiàng)“打開(kāi)”；C選項(xiàng)“脫下，扯下，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)“打垮，揉皺”。句意：這架飛機(jī)的后貨艙門在飛行中（）時(shí)，飛機(jī)嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞了。這里根據(jù)邏輯飛機(jī)在飛行途中，后貨艙門出現(xiàn)某種故障，導(dǎo)致整個(gè)飛機(jī)損壞。這里答案選C，被扯下。

11.寫作題

Directions:Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,usingrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.

Writeacompositionofabout350wordsentitledAnOccupationthatCanBringMyCreativeDrivesandTechnicalKnowledgeintoFullPlay.

【答案】【略】

12.單選題

Theslowpaceofjobcreationwaswithoutprecedentfortheperiodonrecoveryfromarecession,buttheconditionsthatconspiredtocausetherecessionwerealso_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heartening

B.fascinating

C.ambiguous

D.atypical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)heartening“鼓舞人心的”；B選項(xiàng)fascinating“吸引人的”；C選項(xiàng)ambiguous“不明確的；模棱兩可的”；D選項(xiàng)atypical“不合規(guī)則的”。句意：在從衰退中復(fù)蘇的時(shí)期，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的緩慢步伐史無(wú)前例，但導(dǎo)致衰退的條件也______。根據(jù)also得出在把創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的步伐和導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的條件相提并論，所以答案和withoutprecedent“史無(wú)前例”相對(duì)應(yīng)，atypical“不合規(guī)則的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Ozoneisabluishgasthatisharmfultobreathe.Nearly90%oftheEarth’sozoneisinthestratosphereandisreferredtoastheozonelayer.OzoneabsorbsabandofultravioletradiationcalledUVBthatisparticularlyharmfultolivingorganisms.Stratosphericozoneisconstantlybeingcreatedanddestroyedthroughnaturalcycles.Variousozonedepletingsubstanceshowever,acceleratethedestructionprocesses,resultinginlowerthannormalozonelevels.ReductionsinozonelevelswillleadtohigherlevelsofUVBreachingtheEarth’ssurface.Thesun’soutputofUVBdoesnotchange;rather,lessozonemeanslessprotection,andhencemoreUVBreachestheEarth.StudieshaveshownthatintheAntarctic,theamountofUVBmeasuredatthesurfacecandoubleduringtheannualozonehole.LaboratoryandepidemiologicalstudiesdemonstratethatUVBcausesnonmelanomaskincancerandplaysamajorroleinmalignantmelanomadevelopment.Inaddition,UVBhasbeenlinkedtocataracts.

DramaticlossofozoneinthelowerstratosphereoverAntarcticawasfirstnoticedinthe1970sbyaresearchgroupfromtheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS)whoweremonitoringtheatmosphereaboveAntarcticafromaresearchstation.Folklorehasitthatwhenthefirstmeasurementsweretakenin1975,thedropinozonelevelsinthestratospherewassodramaticthatatfirstthescientiststhoughttheirinstrumentswerefaulty.Replacementinstrumentswerebuiltandflownoutanditwasn’tuntiltheyconfirmedtheearliermeasurements,severalmonthslater,thattheozonedepletionobservedwasacceptedasgenuine.AnotherstorygoesthattheBASsatellitedatadidn’tshowthedramaticlossofozonebecausethesoftwareprocessingtherawozonedatafromthesatellitewasprogrammedtotreatverylowvaluesofozoneasbadreadings.LateranalysisoftherawdatawhentheresultsfromtheBritishAntarcticSurveyteamwerepublished,confirmedtheirresultsandshowedthatthelosswasrapidandlarge-scale;overmostoftheAntarcticacontinent.

Ozoneoccursnaturallyintheatmosphere.Theearth’satmosphereiscomposedofseverallayers.WeliveintheTroposphere,groundleveluptoabout10kmhigh,wheremostoftheweatheroccurssuch/asrain,snowandclouds.AbovethatistheStratosphere,animportantregioninwhicheffectssuchastheOzoneHoleandGlobalWarmingoriginate.ThelayernexttospaceistheExosphereandthengoinginwardstherearetheThermosphereandtheMesosphere.Supersonicpassengerjetsflyjustabovethetropospherewhereassubsoniccommercialairlinersareusuallywellinthetroposphere.ThenarrowregionbetweenthesetwopartsoftheatmosphereiscalledtheTropopause.Ozoneformsalayerinthestratosphere,thinnestinthetropicsanddensertowardsthepoles.Theamountofozoneaboveapointontheearth’ssurfaceismeasuredinDobsonunits(DU)—typically~260DUnearthetropicsandhigherelsewhere,thoughtherearelargeseasonalfluctuations.Itiscreatedwhenultravioletradiationintheformofsunlightstrikesthestratosphere,splittingoxygenmoleculestoatomicoxygen.Theatomicoxygenquicklycombineswithfurtheroxygenmoleculestoformozone.

TheOzoneHoleoftengetsconfusedinthepopularpressandbythegeneralpublicwiththeproblemofglobalwarming.Whilstthereisaconnectionbecauseozonecontributestothegreenhouseeffect,theOzoneHoleisaseparateissue.OverAntarctica(andrecentlyovertheArctic),stratosphericozonehasbeendepletedoverthelast15yearsatcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisismainlyduetothereleaseofman-madechemicalscontainingchlorinesuchasCFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons),butalsocompoundscontainingbromine,otherrelatedhalogencompoundsandalsonitrogenoxides.CFCsareacommonindustrialproduct,usedinrefrigerationsystems,airconditioners,aerosols,solventsandintheproductionofsometypesofpackaging.Nitrogenoxidesareaby-productofcombustionprocesses,forexampleaircraftemissions.

TheozonedepleteonprocessbeginswhenCFCsandotherozonedepletingsubstancesareemittedintotheatmospherewherewindsefficientlymixandevenlydistributethegases.CFCsareextremelystable,andtheydonotdissolveinrain.AfteraperiodofseveralyearsnaturalgasesinthestratospherecombinewithCFCsandthisreleaseschlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide.Theseinturnallreleasebromineatomsanditistheseatomsthatactuallydestroyozone.Itisestimatedthatonechlorineatomcandestroyover100,000ozonemoleculesbeforeitisremovedfromthestratosphere.

ThefirstglobalagreementtorestrictCFCscamewiththesigningoftheMontrealProtocolin1987ultimatelyaimingtoreducethembyhalfbytheyear2000.Tworevisionsofthisagreementhavebeenmadeinthelightofadvancesinscientificunderstanding,thelatestbeingin1992.Agreementhasbeenreachedonthecontrolofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbonsuntiltheyear2030.ThemainCFCswillnotbeproducedbyanyofthesignatoriesaftertheendof1995,exceptforalimitedamountforessentialuses,suchasformedicalsprays.ThecountriesoftheEuropeanCommunityhaveadoptedevenstrictermeasures.RecognizingtheirresponsibilitytotheglobalenvironmenttheyhaveagreedtohaltproductionofthemainCFCsfromthebeginningof1995.Itwasanticipatedthattheselimitationswouldleadtoarecoveryoftheozonelayerwithin50yearsof2000.TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationestimated2045butrecentinvestigationssuggesttheproblemisperhapsonamuchlargerscalethananticipated.

1.ItisacommonmistaketoassociatetheOzoneHoleproblemwith（）.

2.Commonhouseholdappliancescontributeto（）.

3.Internationalagreementswilleventuallyleadto（）.

4.AnapocryphalBASstorycitesthatequipmentwaschangedtomeasure（）.

5.TheOzonelayerisdestroyedbyaby-productofCFCsreactingwith（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theissueoftheheatingupoftheearth’satmosphere

B.themeasurementofCFCsinDobsonunits

C.thedramaticlossofozoneinthelowerstratosphereoverAntarctica

D.thehigherlevelsofUVBreachingtheEarth’ssurface

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.globalwarming

B.thereleaseofaerosolsandsolvents

C.thestabilizationofCFCsintheair

D.thedischargeofsyntheticchemicalsintotheatmosphere

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.recentinvestigationsintothestrengthofDobsonUnits

B.thecessationofthereleaseofmostCFCgasesintotheatmosphere

C.thescientificunderstandingintheinternationalcommunity

D.thereductionofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbons

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelocationofthelayerrelativetotheearth

B.thesatelliteorbitingtheearth

C.therawdataofthedramaticlossofozone

D.theapparentlyanomalousreadingstakenearlier

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thenormalcomponentsoftheearth’satmosphere

B.chlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide

C.aircraftemissions

D.atomicoxygen

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段的第一句話“TheOzoneHoleoftengetsconfusedinthepopularpressandbythegeneralpublicwiththeproblemofglobalwarming.（大眾媒體把臭氧空洞和全球變暖問(wèn)題搞混了。）”。A選項(xiàng)“地球大氣層升溫的問(wèn)題”正確；B選項(xiàng)“以多布森單位測(cè)量氯氟烴”；C選項(xiàng)“南極洲上空平流層低層臭氧的顯著損失”；D選項(xiàng)“到達(dá)地球表面的較高水平的中波”不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段，第四段說(shuō)到臭氧會(huì)導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)，臭氧層的破壞與人類釋放含氯的人造化學(xué)品，以及含有溴的化合物、其他相關(guān)鹵素化合物和氮氧化物有關(guān)，這些化合物通常存在于家用電器中，從而導(dǎo)致全球變暖，由此可知家用電器可能與全球變暖有關(guān)聯(lián)。A選項(xiàng)“全球變暖”正確；B選項(xiàng)“氣溶膠和溶劑的釋放”；C選項(xiàng)“氯氟烴在空氣中的穩(wěn)定性”；D選項(xiàng)“合成化學(xué)物質(zhì)排放到大氣中”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段第三句話“Agreementhasbeenreachedonthecontrolofindustrialproductionofmanyhalocarbonsuntiltheyear2030.（已就到2030年控制許多鹵化碳的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)達(dá)成協(xié)議。）”，由此可知國(guó)際協(xié)議最終將導(dǎo)致鹵化碳的減少。A選項(xiàng)“最近對(duì)多布森單位力量的調(diào)查”；B選項(xiàng)“停止向大氣中釋放大部分氯氟烴氣體”；C選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)科學(xué)的理解”都不符合題意，D選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中許多鹵化碳的減少”符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第二句“Folklorehasitthatwhenthefirstmeasurementsweretakenin1975,thedropinozonelevelsinthestratospherewassodramaticthatatfirstthescientiststhoughttheirinstrumentswerefaulty.（民間傳說(shuō)，當(dāng)1975年首次進(jìn)行測(cè)量時(shí)，平流層的臭氧水平急劇下降，以至于起初科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他們的儀器出了問(wèn)題。）”，由此可知科學(xué)家們更換儀器是為了測(cè)量差距過(guò)大的數(shù)據(jù)。A選項(xiàng)“這層相對(duì)于地球的位置”；B選項(xiàng)“衛(wèi)星繞地球運(yùn)行”；C選項(xiàng)“臭氧顯著損失的原始數(shù)據(jù)”；D選項(xiàng)“明顯不正常的讀數(shù)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段的第二至四句話“CFCsareextremelystable,andtheydonotdissolveinrain.AfteraperiodofseveralyearsnaturalgasesinthestratospherecombinewithCFCsandthisreleaseschlorineatoms,halonsandmethylbromide.Theseinturnallreleasebromineatomsanditistheseatomsthatactuallydestroyozone.（氯氟烴非常穩(wěn)定，不會(huì)在雨中溶解。幾年后，平流層中的天然氣與氯氟烴結(jié)合，釋放出氯原子、哈龍和甲基溴。這些原子依次釋放出溴原子，而正是這些原子破壞了臭氧）”。A選項(xiàng)“地球大氣的正常組成部分”；B選項(xiàng)“氯原子，哈龍和甲基溴”；C選項(xiàng)“飛機(jī)排放”；D選項(xiàng)“原子氧”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thisistheseventhyear___thatthey’vewonthecup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insubstance

B.insuccession

C.insuspension

D.insequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)insubstance“實(shí)質(zhì)上；基本上；事實(shí)上”；B選項(xiàng)“接連地；連續(xù)地”；C選項(xiàng)insuspension“懸浮中”；D選項(xiàng)insequence“依次；逐一”。句意：這是他們___第七年獲得冠軍。本句表達(dá)“連續(xù)第七年”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Hiltercommittedoneofthemost（）crimesinhistory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.violent

B.venturous

C.vicious

D.virus

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。violent“暴力的，猛烈的”；venturous“不顧一切的，好冒險(xiǎn)的”；vicious“惡毒的，惡意的，兇殘的”；virus“病毒”。句意：Hilter犯下了歷史上最暴力的行徑之一。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Iwas（

）tostudyFrenchyesterday,butIchangedmymind.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobestarting

B.tostart

C.tohavestarted

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。was/weretohavedone表示“過(guò)去計(jì)劃打算做某事，結(jié)果卻沒(méi)做”，was/weretodo表示“過(guò)去計(jì)劃做某事”。由but后面的內(nèi)容可知此處表示“過(guò)去打算做而未做的事”，因此選C。

17.單選題

TheEuropeanCommissionissueda____decisiononOct.29permittinganalliancebetweenUnitedAirlines,DeutscheLufthansaandScandinavianAirlinesSystemthatallowsthemtocoordinateprices,schedulesandroutesinthetransatlanticmarket.Itturnedouttobewellreceived.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.automatic

B.landmark

C.obsolete

D.outgrown

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“automatic”意為“自動(dòng)的；無(wú)意識(shí)的；必然的”；B選項(xiàng)“l(fā)andmark”意為“有重大意義或影響的”；C選項(xiàng)“obsolete”意為“廢棄的；老式的”；D選項(xiàng)“outgrown”意為“過(guò)大的”。句意：10月29日，歐盟委員會(huì)發(fā)布了一項(xiàng)具有里程碑意義的決定，允許美國(guó)聯(lián)合航空公司、德國(guó)漢莎航空公司和斯堪的納維亞航空公司建立聯(lián)盟，在跨大西洋市場(chǎng)協(xié)調(diào)價(jià)格、航班和航線。結(jié)果很受歡迎。由題干可知，decision（決定）后的內(nèi)容是允許三家不同國(guó)家的航空公司建立聯(lián)盟，并且反響很好，所以可以推測(cè)出這個(gè)決定具有重大意義和影響。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Iamnot（

）withmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithherebecauseIhavenowhereelsetolive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.compatible

C.considerate

D.complied

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。becompatiblewith“（機(jī)器）相互兼容的；（想法或事物）可共存的，可共用的；（人）關(guān)系好的”。句意：我與室友合不來(lái)，但我還得和她住一起，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有其他地方可住。結(jié)合此處句意，判斷出選項(xiàng)B正確。

19.單選題

Whenimaginativementurntheireyestowardsspaceandwonderwhetherlifeexistsinanypartofit,theymaycheerthemselvesbyrememberingthatlifeneednotresemblecloselythelifethatexistsonEarth.Marslooksliketheonlyplanetwherelifelikeourscouldexist,andeventhisisdoubtful.Buttheremaybeotherkindsoflifebasedonotherkindsofchemistry,andtheymaymultiplyonVenusorJupiter.Atleastwecannotproveatpresentthattheydonot.

Evenmoreinterestingisthepossibilitythatlifeontheirplanetsmaybeinamoreadvancedstageofevolution.Present-daymanisinapeculiarandprobablytemporarystage.Hisindividualunitsretainastrongsenseofpersonality.Theyare,infact,stillcapableunderfavorablecircumstancesofleadingindividual