考研考博-英語-中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbe______controlledandmodified.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliberately

B.noticeably

C.delicately

D.instinctively

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.deliberately故意地，有意地B.noticeably顯著地，明顯地

C.delicately微妙地，精致地D.instinctively本能地

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】主句意思是“人類的面部表情與動(dòng)物不同”，結(jié)合定語從句的意思“它們可以被控制和修改”，其中they指的是人類的面部表情，綜合理解可推測(cè)，空格處填入“有意地”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】人類的面部表情與動(dòng)物的不同之處在于，它們可以被有意地控制和修改。

2.單選題

TheObamaadministration______thehealthcarereforminMarch,2010.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.anticipated

C.expected

D.predicated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)initiate“開始，創(chuàng)始”，B項(xiàng)anticipate“預(yù)料，預(yù)期”，C項(xiàng)expect“期望，指望”，D項(xiàng)predicate“斷言，暗示”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thehealthcarereform“醫(yī)療改革”可知，空格處填A(yù)項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：奧巴馬政府于2010年3月啟動(dòng)了醫(yī)療改革。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Takentogether,theselawssoughttoreapthemedicalbenefitsoforgantransplantationandtoencourageindividualstobecomeorgandonors,while（

）certainethicallimitsagainsttreatingthebodyaspropertyandthenewlydeadassimplynaturalresources.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cuttingout

B.offsetting

C.reserving

D.goingover

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cutout“切斷；刪去；停止”；B選項(xiàng)offset“抵消；彌補(bǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)reserve“預(yù)訂；儲(chǔ)備；保留”；D選項(xiàng)goover“復(fù)習(xí)，重溫；轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意：綜上所述，這些法律尋求獲得器官移植的醫(yī)療利益，鼓勵(lì)個(gè)人成為器官捐贈(zèng)者，同時(shí)……一定的倫理限制，以免將人體視為財(cái)產(chǎn)，將死者僅僅視為自然資源。由后半句句意判斷可知此處應(yīng)選擇C選項(xiàng)“保留”。

4.單選題

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto（）thecolorofhisskin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…情況”；inthelightof“根據(jù)，按照，當(dāng)作”；byvirtueof“由于，憑借”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”。句意：這個(gè)國家的每個(gè)人，不論膚色，都有權(quán)利住在他想住的地方。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Tomwasaccusedof__________againstblackpersons,thatistosay,helooksdownuponthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminating

B.distinguishing

C.distressing

D.disguising

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。discriminating“歧視”；distinguishing“辨別，區(qū)分”;distressing“使痛苦，迫使”；disguising“掩飾，偽裝”。句意：湯姆被指控歧視黑人，也就是說，他瞧不起他們。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Feelingmoreandmore______,Nikiembracedthevibrantandstrong-wingedbutterflyashersymbolofnew-foundindependence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cynical

B.abridged

C.accessible

D.autonomous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cynical“憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”，B項(xiàng)abridged“刪節(jié)的，削減的”，C項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的”，D項(xiàng)autonomous“自治的，自主的”。由independence（獨(dú)立）可知，對(duì)應(yīng)D項(xiàng)符合。句意：感覺越來越自主，尼基接受了充滿活力和有強(qiáng)壯翅膀的蝴蝶作為她新獲得的獨(dú)立的象征。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Altruism,otherwiseknownashelpingbehavior,canbedefinedasbehaviorthatpromotesthewellbeingofotherswithoutconsciouslytakingaccountofself-interest.Batsonetal.statethat“egoisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stategoalofincreasingthe（

）ownwelfare”,while“altruisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stateofincreasingthe（

）welfare”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helper’s...other’s

B.other’s...helper’s

C.helper’s...another’s

D.another’s...other’s

【答案】A

【解析】考查代詞用法。表語空格處句意：利己主義者關(guān)心的是施助者的利益，利他主義者則關(guān)注他人的利益。先排除B和D選項(xiàng)。another“另一個(gè)”，不與定冠詞the連用，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce—proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.

Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.

Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,kindness,andsoonaccountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw—and,ultimately,nosociety.

Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityofpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’sbehaviorarefarlesseffective,thatinternalrestrainssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.

Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaims:“Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone.

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it'sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn'tprovideastablehome.

Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.

WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

1.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrim（）.

3.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave（）.

4.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat（）.

5.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.it'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil

B.it'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit

C.it’sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil

D.it'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.societyistobeheldresponsible

B.moderncivilizationisresponsibleforit

C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame

D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.lessself-discipline

B.bettersenseofdiscipline

C.moremutualrespect

D.lesseffectivegovernment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals

B.peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards

C.today'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty

D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies

B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow

C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople'sbehavior

D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一句話awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing提到曾經(jīng)以為智者說過壞人勝利的唯一條件是好人什么都不做。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章最后一段提到在美國急需更多的人知道犯罪的人應(yīng)該自己承擔(dān)責(zé)任。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第七段yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening提到城市和城鎮(zhèn)中，人們?cè)絹碓饺狈ψ月伞＿x項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章倒數(shù)第三段提到幾十年前，當(dāng)罪犯犯罪之后，社會(huì)被認(rèn)為是受害者，而現(xiàn)在，罪犯反而被認(rèn)為是受害者，罪犯得到開脫，作者認(rèn)為這是令人震驚的。由此可見，作者對(duì)這種情況是非常不滿的。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章主要的目的是提醒人們應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任，并且對(duì)于為罪犯開脫這種做法很不滿，認(rèn)為犯罪的人應(yīng)該承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。不然長此以往，犯罪會(huì)增多，社會(huì)也會(huì)面臨瓦解。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Therepublicationofthepoet'smostrecentworkswillcertainly（）hisnationalreputation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhance

B.strengthen

C.enlarge

D.magnify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。enhance增加，加強(qiáng)，提高；strengthen加強(qiáng)，鞏固；enlarge擴(kuò)大，使增大；magnify放大，贊美。句意：這位詩人最新作品的再版必將提高他在全國的聲譽(yù)。enhancereputation提高聲譽(yù)；A項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or-independentlyofanycourse-simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofIhevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn'ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,‘scientificsubculture’means（）.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause（）.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

5.Thispassagemostprobablyis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturalgroupsthatarcformedbyscientists.

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.

C.thescientificcommunity.

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.

B.Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.

C.Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.

D.Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishisasexistlanguage.

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.abookreview,

B.theprefaceofabook.

C.thepostscriptofabook.

D.theconcludingpartofabook.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“scientificsubculture”可定位到第三段的內(nèi)容“我們?cè)噲D在這本書中呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確和最新的有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)和居住在其中的人們的圖片。近年來，這一群體中的女性越來越多。女性在科學(xué)亞文化中的這種日益增加的作用不是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的事件……”由此可以看出，科學(xué)亞文化就是科學(xué)社區(qū)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.由于它幾乎涉及我們生活的方方面面，受過教育的人至少需要對(duì)它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作有所了解?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;……這本書是為那些對(duì)科學(xué)了解不多的聰明學(xué)生或非專業(yè)人士而寫的。”選項(xiàng)A是對(duì)原文的同義表達(dá)，所以正確。

4.判斷推理題。選項(xiàng)A“英語是一門具有性別歧視的語言”不正確，性別歧視的語言指的是用男性名詞或代詞來指代未指明的個(gè)體，并不是英語這一門語言；選項(xiàng)B“只有在科學(xué)界，女性的作用在迅速增加”表達(dá)過于絕對(duì)；選項(xiàng)C“女性為消除我們語言的不足做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)”不正確，原文說的是越來越多的女性進(jìn)入了傳統(tǒng)上由男子主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，并不是消除語言的不足；選項(xiàng)D“男性名詞或代詞不能用來指科學(xué)家”符合原文，應(yīng)該盡可能使用復(fù)數(shù)名詞和代詞，必要時(shí)，他和她交替使用。所以本題選D。

5.判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)abookreview“書評(píng)”；B選項(xiàng)theprefaceofabook“前言，序言”；C選項(xiàng)thepostscriptofabook“附錄，后記”；D選項(xiàng)theconcludingpartofabook“結(jié)尾語”。原文提及這本書是為那些對(duì)科學(xué)了解不多的聰明學(xué)生或非專業(yè)人士而寫，試圖呈現(xiàn)的是一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確和最新的有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)以及居住在其中的人們的圖片，并且努力使這本書既具有知識(shí)性又具有娛樂性，這些都是在對(duì)這本書的性質(zhì)和內(nèi)容進(jìn)行大致的講解，一般放在書的前言部分，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

11.單選題

TounderstandtheancientMayanpeoplewholivedintheareathatistodaysouthernMexicoandCentralAmericaandtheecologicaldifficultiestheyfaced,onemustfirstconsidertheirenvironment,whichwethinkofas“jungle”or“tropicalrainforest.”Thisviewisinaccurate,andthereasonprovestobeimportant.Properlyspeaking,tropicalrainforestsgrowinhigh-rainfallequatorialareasthatremainwetorhumidallyearround.ButtheMayahomelandliesmorethansixteenhundredkilometersfromtheequator,atlatitudes17to22degreesnorth,inahabitattermeda“seasonaltropicalforest.”Thatis,whiletheredoestendtobearainyseasonfromMaytoOctober,thereisalsoadryseasonfromJanuarythroughApril.Ifonefocusesonthewetmonths,onecallstheMayahomelanda“seasonaltropicalforest”;ifonefocusesonthedrymonths,onecouldinsteaddescribeitasa“seasonaldesert.”

FromnorthtosouthintheYucatanPeninsula,wheretheMayalived,rainfallrangesfrom18to100inches(457to2,540millimeters)peryear,andthesoilsbecomethicker,sothatthesouthernpeninsulawasagriculturallymoreproductiveandsupporteddenserpopulations.ButrainfallintheMayahomelandisunpredictablyvariablebetweenyears;somerecentyearshavehadthreeorfourtimesmorerainthanotheryears.Asaresult,modernfarmersattemptingtogrowcornintheancientMayahomelandshavefacedfrequentcropfailures,especiallyinthenorth.TheancientMayawerepresumablymoreexperiencedanddidbetter,butneverthelesstheytoomusthavefacedrisksofcropfailuresfromdroughtsandhurricanes.

AlthoughsouthernMayaareasreceivedmorerainfallthannorthernareas,problemsofwaterwereparadoxicallymoresevereinthewetsouth.WhilethatmadethingshardforancientMayalivinginthesouth,ithasalsomadethingshardformodernarchaeologistswhohavedifficultyunderstandingwhyancientdroughtscausedbiggerproblemsinthewetsouththaninthedrynorth.ThelikelyexplanationisthatanareaofundergroundfreshwaterunderliestheYucatanPeninsula,butsurfaceelevationincreasesfromnorthtosouth,sothatasonemovessouththelandsurfaceliesincreasinglyhigherabovethewatertable.InthenorthernpeninsulatheelevationissufficientlylowthattheancientMayawereabletoreachthewatertableatdeepsinkholescalledcenotes,oratdeepcaves.Inlow-elevationnorthcoastalareaswithoutsinkholes,theMayawouldhavebeenabletogetdowntothewatertablebydiggingwellsupto75feet(22meters)deep.Butmuchofthesouthliestoohighabovethewatertableforcenotesorwellstoreachdowntoit.Makingmattersworse,mostoftheYucatanPeninsulaconsistsofkarst,aporoussponge-likelimestoneterrainwhererainrunsstraightintothegroundandwherelittleornosurfacewaterremainsavailable.

HowdidthosedensesouthernMayapopulationsdealwiththeresultingwaterproblem?Itinitiallysurprisesusthatmanyoftheircitieswerenotbuiltnexttotheriversbutinsteadonhighterraininrollinguplands.TheexplanationisthattheMayaexcavateddepressions,ormodifiednaturaldepressions,andthenpluggedupleaksinthekarstbyplasteringthebottomsofthedepressionsinordertocreatereservoirs,whichcollectedrainfromlargeplasteredcatchmentbasinsandstoreditforuseinthedryseason.Forexample,reservoirsattheMayacityofTikalheldenoughwatertomeetthedrinkingwaterneedsofabout10,000peopleforaperiodof18months.AtthecityofCobatheMayabuiltdikesaroundalakeinordertoraiseitslevelandmaketheirwatersupplymorereliable.ButtheinhabitantsofTikalandothercitiesdependentonreservoirsfordrinkingwaterwouldstillhavebeenindeeptroubleif18monthspassedwithoutraininaprolongeddrought.Ashorterdroughtinwhichtheyexhaustedtheirstoredfoodsuppliesmightalreadyhavegottenthemindeeptrouble,becausegrowingcropsrequiredrainratherthanreservoirs.

58.WhydoestheauthorcalltheMayanhomelandbotha“seasonaltropicalforest”and“seasonaldesert”?

59.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutancientandmodernagricultureintheYucatanPeninsulaissupportedbyparagraph2?

60.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheavailabilityofwaterintheMayanhomelandissupportedbyparagraph3?

61.Accordingtothepassage,whywasthesouthernMayanhomelandhardtofarm?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ToillustratehowtheclimateoftheMayanhomelandvariedfromregiontoregion.

B.ToexplainhowtheclimateoftheMayanhomelandissimilartothatofajungleortropicalrainforest.

C.ToemphasizethevastsizeoftheareathatcompromisedtheMayanhomelandinancienttimes.

D.TomakethepointthattheMayanhomelandisclimaticallymorecomplexthanisgenerallyassumed.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ModernagriculturalmethodshavesolvedmanyoftheancientproblemsoffarmingintheYucatanPeninsula.

B.AncientMayanfarmersmayhavebeensomewhatmoresuccessfulatfarmingintheYucatanPeninsulathanfarmersaretoday.

C.FarmingtodayiseasierthaninthepastbecauseenvironmentalchangesintheYucatanPeninsulahaveincreasedavailablerainfall.

D.TheYucatansoilsinwhichancientfarmersworkedwerericher,moreproductive,andthickerthantheyaretoday.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theconstructionofwellswasanuncommonpracticeinboththenorthandthesouthbecauseitwastoodifficulttodigthroughthekarst.

B.Inmostareasinthenorthandthesouth,rainwaterwasabsorbeddirectlyintotheporouskarst.

C.ThewatertablewasanimportantresourceforagricultureinboththenorthandthesouthoftheYucatanPeninsula.

D.Thelackofsurfacewaterinboththenorthandthesouthwasprobablyduetothefactthatmostofitwasquicklyusedupforagriculturalpurposes.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thepresenceofnumeroussinkholesandwellsinterferedwithfarming.

B.Southernsoillackedthedepthcropsneededforgrowth.

C.Undergroundwaterwastoofarbelowthesurfacetoreach.

D.Thepresenceofkarstcausedfrequentflooding.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】58.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者稱瑪雅家園為‘季節(jié)性熱帶雨林’和‘季節(jié)性的沙漠’？”。根據(jù)第一段中的Properlyspeaking,tropicalrainforestsgrowinhigh-rainfallequatorialareasthatremainwetorhumidallyearround.ButtheMayahomelandliesmorethansixteenhundredkilometersfromtheequator,atlatitudes17to22degreesnorth,inahabitattermeda“seasonaltropicalforest.”Thatis,whiletheredoestendtobearainyseasonfromMaytoOctober,thereisalsoadryseasonfromJanuarythroughApril.（確切地說，熱帶雨林生長在赤道多雨地區(qū)，終年潮濕。但是瑪雅的家園位于北緯17到22度，距離赤道1600多公里，在一個(gè)被稱為“季節(jié)性熱帶森林”的棲息地。也就是說，雖然5月到10月確實(shí)有雨季，但1月到4月也有旱季。）可知，瑪雅家園的氣候比一般的要復(fù)雜，D項(xiàng)“為了表明瑪雅家園的氣候比一般認(rèn)為的要復(fù)雜”正確。A項(xiàng)“以說明瑪雅家園的氣候如何因地區(qū)而異”，文中并沒有說各個(gè)地區(qū)不同；B項(xiàng)“來解釋瑪雅人家園的氣候與叢林或熱帶雨林的相似之處”只說到了雨季，沒有說旱季；C項(xiàng)“為了強(qiáng)調(diào)古代瑪雅家園的廣闊面積”中的“廣闊面積”在文中也沒有提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“關(guān)于尤卡坦半島古代和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述得到第2段的支持？”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞ancient和modern定位到第二段最后兩句Asaresult,modernfarmersattemptingtogrowcornintheancientMayahomelandshavefacedfrequentcropfailures,especiallyinthenorth.TheancientMayawerepresumablymoreexperiencedanddidbetter,butneverthelesstheytoomusthavefacedrisksofcropfailuresfromdroughtsandhurricanes.（因此，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)民要在瑪雅遺址種植谷物就要面臨頻繁的作物減產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，尤其在半島的北部地區(qū)。古瑪雅人也許更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)也做得更好，但是不管怎么說他們都必須面對(duì)旱災(zāi)和颶風(fēng)帶來的顆粒無收的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。），由此可知，現(xiàn)代和古代的瑪雅人都會(huì)遇到同樣的問題，即自然災(zāi)害帶來的作物減產(chǎn)，但在某種程度上，古代人比現(xiàn)代人解決的更好，因此B項(xiàng)“古代瑪雅農(nóng)民在尤卡坦半島的農(nóng)業(yè)可能比今天的農(nóng)民更成功”符合題意，A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)方法解決了尤卡坦半島許多古老的農(nóng)業(yè)問題”正好相反，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“由于尤卡坦半島的環(huán)境變化增加了可用的降雨量，今天的農(nóng)業(yè)比過去更容易”和D項(xiàng)“古代農(nóng)民耕種的尤卡坦半島的土壤比現(xiàn)在更肥沃、更多產(chǎn)、更厚”在該段都沒提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

60.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“以下哪一項(xiàng)關(guān)于瑪雅家園水資源的陳述得到了第3段的支持？”。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句和第三句Inlow-elevationnorthcoastalareaswithoutsinkholes,theMayawouldhavebeenabletogetdowntothewatertablebydiggingwellsupto75feet(22meters)deep.Butmuchofthesouthliestoohighabovethewatertableforcenotesorwellstoreachdowntoit.（在沒有排水口且海拔較低的北部沿海地區(qū)，瑪雅人就需要借助鑿井到達(dá)75英尺深的地下水含水層。但在南方若想通過排水口或鑿井達(dá)到含水層的話，深度就要深得多。）可知，北部打井容易而南部卻很難，所以A項(xiàng)“無論是在北方還是南方，打井都是一種罕見的做法，因?yàn)樵趲r溶中挖掘太困難了”錯(cuò)誤，C項(xiàng)“地下水位是尤卡坦半島北部和南部重要的農(nóng)業(yè)資源”中的“地下水位”雖然有提及，但是并沒有提到它的重要性，所以C項(xiàng)也不選。由第三段最后一句Makingmattersworse,mostoftheYucatanPeninsulaconsistsofkarst,aporoussponge-likelimestoneterrainwhererainrunsstraightintothegroundandwherelittleornosurfacewaterremainsavailable.（更糟糕的是，尤卡坦半島大部分地區(qū)屬于喀斯特地貌，多孔狀如海綿的石灰?guī)r地形，雨水直接流入地下，幾乎沒有地表水余留。）可知，B項(xiàng)“在北方和南方的大部分地區(qū)，雨水被直接吸收到多孔的喀斯特地貌”符合原文。D項(xiàng)“北方和南方地表水的缺乏可能是由于大部分地表水很快被用于農(nóng)業(yè)用途”在原文中沒有對(duì)應(yīng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，為什么南部瑪雅人的家園很難耕種？”。根據(jù)第三段第三句ThelikelyexplanationisthatanareaofundergroundfreshwaterunderliestheYucatanPeninsula,butsurfaceelevationincreasesfromnorthtosouth,sothatasonemovessouththelandsurfaceliesincreasinglyhigherabovethewatertable.（可能的解釋是，尤卡坦半島的地下有一片淡水區(qū)域，但地表高度從北向南增加，所以當(dāng)你向南移動(dòng)時(shí)，地表高于地下水位的位置越來越高。）可推知，瑪雅南部的地表高于地下水位，所以地下水無法達(dá)到地表，從而南部瑪雅人很難耕種，故C項(xiàng)“地下水在地表以下很遠(yuǎn)，無法到達(dá)”正確。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Butmuchofthesouthliestoohighabovethewatertableforcenotesorwellstoreachdowntoit.（但在南方若想通過排水口或鑿井達(dá)到含水層的話，深度就要深得多。）可知，在瑪雅南部鑿井是很困難的，所以A項(xiàng)“大量排水口和井的存在妨礙了農(nóng)業(yè)”是錯(cuò)誤的。B項(xiàng)“南方土壤缺乏作物生長所需的深度”在原文中沒有提到。由第三段最后一句Makingmattersworse,mostoftheYucatanPeninsulaconsistsofkarst,aporoussponge-likelimestoneterrainwhererainrunsstraightintothegroundandwherelittleornosurfacewaterremainsavailable.（更糟糕的是，尤卡坦半島大部分地區(qū)屬于喀斯特地貌，多孔狀如海綿的石灰?guī)r地形，雨水直接流入地下，幾乎沒有地表水余留。）可知，喀斯特地貌導(dǎo)致的是雨水直接流下地下，而不是洪水，D項(xiàng)“喀斯特地貌的存在導(dǎo)致頻繁的洪水”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（

）.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現(xiàn)在，一份解雇通知書、一個(gè)糟糕的診斷，或者配偶的消失，都可能在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)把一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭變成一個(gè)新的貧困家庭。”由此可知C選項(xiàng)“他們更容易受家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)情況變化的影響”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在過去一年的大部分時(shí)間里，布什總統(tǒng)致力于將社會(huì)保障轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮?chǔ)蓄賬戶模式，即退休人員將他們的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根據(jù)投資回報(bào)進(jìn)行交易?！庇纱丝芍狟選項(xiàng)“不安全的薪酬”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題