考研考博-英語-九州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-九州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein（）proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.

問題1選項

A.diverse

B.inverse

C.reverse

D.averse

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”，本句意為“這份報紙的發(fā)行量似乎與它所包含的新聞量成反比”，這句話想要表達的是報紙發(fā)行量太少，inreverse表達“相反”的意思使得句子邏輯成立。因此選項C正確。

2.單選題

Youmayeithersowwheatinrowsorbroadcastit,（）wayyoudoit;itisagoodthingtobreakupthesoilafterseeding.

問題1選項

A.whatever

B.whenever

C.however

D.whichever

【答案】D

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：你可以成排的播種或散播小麥。但無論是哪種方式，播種后最好都要松松土。A選項為“無論什么”；B選項為“無論何時”，而從句主語為way，故可排除A和B。C項表示“無論如何”，是副詞。D選項whichever可以單獨使用或加一個名詞。因此，D項正確。

3.單選題

Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisifporedwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."

Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.

Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket(叫嚷)isunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreattentionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.

Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.

Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.

1.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningis（

）.

2.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresult,achildshouldalsolearnto

（

）.

3.Childrentendtoimitatethemodels

（

）.

4."Anidentifyingfigure"(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson（

）.

問題1選項

A.theneedtofindanauthority

B.theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresult

C.theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparents

D.thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup

問題2選項

A.behaveproperly

B.attainhisgoalassoonaspossible

C.showhisaffectionforhisparents

D.talkquietly

問題3選項

A.whodonotcriticizethem

B.whobringthemunexpectedrewards

C.whomtheywanttobelike

D.whosesocialstatusishigh

問題4選項

A.whoservesasamodelforothers

B.whoisalwayssuccessful

C.whocanbedependedupon

D.whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.如果兒童對新情況缺乏一個快速的反應(yīng)，并且不能推斷出該做什么，他就會觀察學(xué)習(xí)那些能給出正確結(jié)果的人。孩子尋找權(quán)威人士或?qū)＜襾砀嬖V他們該做什么?！笨芍⒆幽７聦W(xué)習(xí)的首要原因是他們需要找到一種能得到想要的結(jié)果的方式，他們并不是模仿所有的東西。由此可知B項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第三段的舉例及“Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.孩子也許能夠達到他的直接目標(biāo)，但卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的方法招致了觀察他的人的批評?！币约啊癟hus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.因此，解決任何客觀情況的愿望都被以恰當(dāng)方式解決問題的愿望所覆蓋?！笨芍眠m當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉斫鉀Q問題很重要。答案A

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由第四段“Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.如果一個學(xué)生想成為一名優(yōu)秀的小提琴手，他會觀察并嘗試模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧，如果他喜歡閱讀，那么書本上的對他影響最大的人可能是其想模仿的對象。”故C項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由第五段第一句“Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.欣賞一個人的某種品質(zhì)常常會令我們仰慕整個人，這個人就變成了我們的榜樣。由“admireapersonasawhole”可推斷出該詞意為“榜樣”，故答案A

4.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstory,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause______.

2.Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,isnevertheless______.

3.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

4.Theauthor’sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith______.

5.Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat______.

問題1選項

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiterarygenre

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation

C.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon

D.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction

問題2選項

A.popular

B.deranged

C.elegant

D.accurate

問題3選項

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.ManandtheUniverse

C.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

D.ATypeofProseFiction

問題4選項

A.thesametopicsaddressedbynovelsandshortstories

B.theunfamiliarorunusual

C.KarelCapek’swell-knownpostulate

D.theconflictbetweenscienceandfiction

問題5選項

A.therearereasonsforenjoyingsciencefiction

B.thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction

C.thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction

D.thosewhocanreadandanalyzefictioncanalsodosowithsciencefiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“科幻小說之所以被稱為文學(xué)流派分支是因為……”。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（科幻小說是散文小說的一個分支，也就是說，它具有一般散文小說的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它與其他所有的小說和短篇故事有很多共同之處）可知，D項“它與其他類型的散文小說有共同的特點”正確；根據(jù)第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines…Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.（許多人似乎認為科幻小說以一些老式低俗雜志的封面為代表……這是不幸的，因為它貶低了一個值得的，甚至是重要的文學(xué)努力）可知，科幻小說是重要的文學(xué)努力，A項“它還不夠重要去成為一種文學(xué)體裁”錯誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction（只有少數(shù)戲劇可以被稱為科幻小說）可知，科幻小說可以以戲劇形式出現(xiàn)，B項“不能以戲劇的形式表演”錯誤；根據(jù)第三段第一句Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone（科幻小說是文學(xué)的一個分支，這一點非常重要）可知，科幻小說就是屬于文學(xué)流派分支，C項“稱其為體裁會使它從屬于文學(xué)流派”也不符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“被低俗雜志推崇的科幻小說這一的觀點盡管是錯誤的，然而它卻是……”。根據(jù)第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines.（許多人似乎認為科幻小說以一些老式低俗雜志的封面為代表）可知，這種觀點是非常普遍的，A項“流行的，普遍的”正確；B項“瘋狂的”、C項“優(yōu)雅的”和D項“準(zhǔn)確的”表述都不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題應(yīng)該是……”。通讀全文可知，文章主要是闡述科幻小說的定義，即它和散文小說有共同的特點，屬于文學(xué)流派的分支，故C項“科幻小說的定義”最能概括全文；A項“關(guān)于低俗雜志的不準(zhǔn)確性”和D項“散文小說的一種類型”都只是部分提及；B項“人與宇宙”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者的定義表明，所有科幻小說都涉及……”。根據(jù)第三段最后一句ithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（它具有一般散文小說的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它與其他所有的小說和短篇故事有很多共同之處）以及最后一段中的Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.（科幻小說中的主題的構(gòu)建和呈現(xiàn)方式與其他任何類型的小說的主題處理方式完全相同）可以推斷，A項“與小說和短篇故事一樣的主題”是正確的；B項“不常見的或者是不尋常的事物”和D項“科學(xué)和小說間的沖突”在文中沒有根據(jù)；C項“KarelCapek著名的假設(shè)”，文中第三段只提到了Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown（只有少數(shù)戲劇可以被稱為科幻小說，其中KarelCapek的《Rossum’sUniversalRobots》是唯一著名的），可知C項無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章最后一個句子的含義是……”。文章最后一句話是Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.（簡而言之，閱讀和欣賞科幻小說的原因，以及研究和分析科幻小說的方式，基本上與閱讀其他故事或小說的方式相同）可知，閱讀和欣賞科幻小說的原因以及分析它的方式基本和其他故事或小說的方式基本相同，因此可以反推，能夠閱讀和分析小說的人也能讀科幻小說，故D項“那些能讀和分析小說的人也能讀科幻小說”符合題意；A項“喜歡科幻小說是有原因的”只是句子的一段信息，并不是該句的含義；B項“讀者應(yīng)該求助于一般小說的評論”和C項“讀者沒有理由不喜歡科幻小說”在本句沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

5.單選題

WhenIgooutintheeveningIusethebike（）thecarifIcan.

問題1選項

A.ratherthan

B.regardlessof

C.inspiteof

D.otherthan

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。ratherthan“而不是”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”；inspiteof“盡管”；otherthan“除了”。句意：我晚上外出時，我一般騎自行車而不是小汽車。A項符合題意。

6.單選題

Biologicalwizardryofadifferentsortisresponsiblefortheruggednessofsea-earshells,whichunderhigh-poweredmicroscopesresemble（

）constructedstonewalls.

問題1選項

A.reversibly

B.elaborately

C.spontaneously

D.concurrently

【答案】B

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:另一種生物的神奇力量在于石決明的堅實，在高倍顯微鏡下，它像精心建造的石頭墻。

reversibly可逆地。elaborately精巧地；苦心經(jīng)營地。spontaneously自發(fā)地；自然地；不由自主地。Concurrently同時發(fā)生地。

7.不定項選擇題

Nuclearpowersupplies5%oftheworld’senergyfrommorethan400plants.ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand“toocheaptometer”hasprovedtotheneither.Theindustry’schiefhopenowrestsonthepoorworld.WesternfirmswithreactorstosellwillbeflockingtoTokyoonOctober8thfortheWorldEnergyCongress,agiantconferencefortheenergybusiness.Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.Itisgoodnewsforthereactorvendors;butthesecountriesaremakingamistake.

Theeconomicargumentsforbuildingnewnuclearplantsareflawed.Themarginalcostsofgeneratingelectricityfromnuclearmaybetiny,butasthetechnologynowstands,hugeanduncertaincostsareinvolvedinbuildingthepowerstations,dealingwithspentfuel,anddecommissioning.Manywesterngovernmentswhichsangnuclei’spraisesnowadmitthatgasandhydropowercanproducecheaperelectricity.

Theeconomicsofnuclearpowerinthepoorworldcouldprovetotheworsestill.Asintherichworld,fossilfuelssuchasgasandcoalareinvariablycheaper.InChinathecasefornuclearpowermaybealittlestrongerasdomesticreservesofcoal—thoughhuge—arelocatedfarfromsomeareasofgrowingelectricitydemand.Butmostdevelopingcountriesarestrappedforcashandneedtoincreaseelectricitysupplyquicklytomeetsoaringdemand.Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.

Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor:thatitisadefenseagainstclimatechange,againstanotherOPEC-administeredoilshock,andagainsttheinevitableexhaustionoffossilfuels.Nonebearscloseexamination.

1.Nuclearpowerhasprovedtobe________.

2.Nuclearreactors________.

3.Theauthorseemstosuggestthat________.

4.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.BuildingnuclearplantsmayinvolveallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

6.Theadvantagesnotedbythosefornuclearpower________.

問題1選項

A.indispensable

B.expensive

C.economical

D.competitive

問題2選項

A.haveceasedtogointooperation

B.areassumedtosellinAsia

C.keepthefavoroftherichworld

D.arerejectedbyFranceandJapan

問題3選項

A.buildinganuclearpowerstationwillnottaketoomuchtime

B.westerncountriesrefusedtobuyanynuclearreactors

C.nuclearreactorsareingreatdemandindevelopingcountries

D.nuclearpoweriscostlytotherichworld,letalonetothepoorworld

問題4選項

A.Chinawilldenyitselftothecompleteuseofnuclearpower.

B.Chinaissupposedtousenuclearpowertoadegree.

C.Theargumentsinfavorofbuildingnuclearpowerarejustifiable.

D.Mostdevelopingcountriesarenotpressedforeithertimeormoney.

問題5選項

A.laborintensiveness

B.hugecapitalinvestment

C.longperiodoftime

D.pollution

問題6選項

A.areutterlygroundless

B.areapprovedunquestionable

C.arefullytestified

D.aresubjecttoexamination

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干，我們可以定位到文章第一段第三句Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand“toocheaptometer”hasprovedtotheneither.（這項曾經(jīng)被認為清潔又便宜的技術(shù)，現(xiàn)在被證明兩者都沒有），A選項“不可替代的”，文章沒有提及，而且不符合邏輯；B選項“昂貴”，以前覺得清潔又便宜，但是這種想法已經(jīng)被推翻了，所以是既不清潔又很貴，答案選B；C選項“economical”（經(jīng)濟的）和cheap是同義詞；D選項“有競爭力的”，文章沒有提及，所以排除。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干，我們可以定位到第一段第二句ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.（但是除了法國和日本，發(fā)達國家已經(jīng)停止訂購新的反應(yīng)堆。）由此可知反應(yīng)堆仍然有人在用，而且法國和日本也沒有拒絕使用反應(yīng)堆，A選項“人們停止使用反應(yīng)堆”和D選項“被日本和法國禁止使用”排除。第一段第四句Theindustry’schiefhopenowrestsonthepoorworld.（現(xiàn)在這個行業(yè)的主要希望就是不發(fā)達國家了），以及第一段倒數(shù)第二、三句話Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.（在亞洲，發(fā)展中國家的電力需求以每年8%的速度增長，這將成為每個人談?wù)摰脑掝}。中國大陸、中國臺灣、印尼、韓國、巴基斯坦和印度都計劃建設(shè)新的核反應(yīng)堆。），由此可見反應(yīng)堆的銷售者不會偏向地選擇富裕國家，因為他們把希望寄托在了不發(fā)達國家。所以C選項“反應(yīng)堆（銷售者）仍然傾向于富裕國家”錯誤；而在發(fā)展中國家中打算建立核電站的都是亞洲國家，所以答案是B選項“都準(zhǔn)備銷往亞洲”。

第3題:推理判斷題，定位到第三段最后一句Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.（核電站在這兩個方面都做不到：建造它需要大量資金，而且可能需要長達十年的時間來建設(shè)。），所以A選項“建核電站不耗費時間”錯誤；第一段第二句ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.（但是除了法國和日本，發(fā)達國家已經(jīng)停止訂購新的反應(yīng)堆。），所以B選項“西方國家拒絕購買任何反應(yīng)堆”錯誤，因為日本和法國是發(fā)達國家；第一段倒數(shù)第二、三句話Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.（在亞洲，發(fā)展中國家的電力需求以每年8%的速度增長，這將成為每個人談?wù)摰脑掝}。中國大陸、中國臺灣、印尼、韓國、巴基斯坦和印度都計劃建設(shè)新的核反應(yīng)堆），由此可知C選項“發(fā)展中國家對核反應(yīng)堆有大量需求”錯誤，對核反應(yīng)堆有大量需求的都是亞洲發(fā)展中國家，而不是全部發(fā)展中國家；第三段第一句話：Theeconomicsofnuclearpowerinthepoorworldcouldprovetotheworsestill.（核能在不發(fā)達國家的經(jīng)濟效益可能會更不好。）這句是D選項“核電在發(fā)達國家都不便宜更何況發(fā)展中國家”的同義替換，所以答案選D。

第4題:推理判斷題。第三段第四句InChinathecasefornuclearpowermaybealittlestrongerasdomesticreservesofcoal—thoughhuge—arelocatedfarfromsomeareasofgrowingelectricitydemand.（在中國，盡管煤炭儲量巨大，但在電力需求不斷增長的偏遠地區(qū)，對使用核電的可能性更大一些），從這里可以看出中國并不會完全反對核能源的運用反而打算去建立核電站來解決偏遠地區(qū)的用電問題。所以B選項“中國打算在某種程度上使用核能”正確；最后一段Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor…,Nonebearscloseexamination.（那些至今仍支持核能的人提出了三個支持核能的新論點……，沒有一個（論點）經(jīng)受了最近的檢驗）從這可以看出支持核的運用的新論點還沒有被人驗證過的，不能說正確還是不合理，所以排除C選項“支持建立核電站的論點是合理的”。第三段倒數(shù)第二句話Butmostdevelopingcountriesarestrappedforcashandneedtoincreaseelectricitysupplyquicklytomeetsoaringdemand.（但大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國家資金短缺，需要迅速增加電力供應(yīng)以滿足不斷飆升的需求），從這句話可知發(fā)展中國家缺錢，所以D選項“發(fā)展中國家不會被金錢或者時間限制”錯誤；A選項“中國將拒絕完全使用核能?！保恼聸]有提及。

第5題:事實細節(jié)題。從題干我們定位到第三段最后一句話Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.（核電站兩者都不占：它們既是資本密集型又得花費長達十年的時間來建設(shè)），所以B選項“大量資金投入”，C選項“時間長”是對的，固而排除；定位到文章第一段第三句“Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand‘toocheaptometer’hasprovedtotheneither.（這項曾經(jīng)被認為清潔又便宜的技術(shù)，現(xiàn)在被證明兩者都沒有）”以前被人認為又清潔又便宜的核能現(xiàn)在被證明兩者都不占，所以建核電站肯定是涉及污染問題的；D選項“污染”也可以排除，A選項“勞動密集”是整篇文章都沒提及的，而且根據(jù)常識，核電站一般是技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，所以答案選A。

第6題:事實細節(jié)題。句意是，那些被支持核電的人所提到優(yōu)點。A選項“完全站不住腳”；B選項“被證明是有道理的”；C選項“被完全證明了”；D選項“還需要接受驗證”。B，C選項意思相同，固而可以排除。定位到最后一段：Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor…,Nonebearscloseexamination.（那些至今仍支持核能的人提出了三個支持核能的新論點……，沒有一個（論點）經(jīng)受了最近的檢驗），這里可知答案選D，因為還沒有檢驗過所以并不知道這些論點站不站得住腳。所以選項A排除。

8.單選題

Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.

Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.

Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.

Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.

61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.

62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.

63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.

64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?

65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.

問題1選項

A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas

B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes

C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing

D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations

問題2選項

A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities

B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters

C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities

D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters

問題3選項

A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority

B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters

C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters

D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso

問題4選項

A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.

B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.

C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.

D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.

問題5選項

A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis

B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform

C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoaninternationalissue

D.ahistoricalanalysisofaproblemthatrequiresinternationalattention

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，直到20世紀(jì)中葉，國際水域的管轄權(quán)爭議很少，因為……”。由第二段第四句And，sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.（因為在幾乎沒有任何行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被用到‘公?！希試议g幾乎沒有管轄權(quán)的沖突）可知，國際水域的管轄權(quán)爭議很少，是因為幾乎沒有任何行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被用到‘公?！?，這里的“openseas”就相當(dāng)于題干中的“internationalwaters”，因此A項“幾乎沒有控制或限制使用到海洋領(lǐng)域”正確。B項“海洋領(lǐng)域僅用于沒有惡意的行為”沒有提到；C項“海洋自由化的條例解決了所有有關(guān)航海及捕魚的紛爭”文中沒有提到，且C項太絕對；D項“各國平等地享有公海使用權(quán)”，這不是管轄權(quán)爭議少的原因。故該題選A。

62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)20世紀(jì)中葉以前適用的國際法理論，如果某一國家領(lǐng)水內(nèi)的商業(yè)活動威脅到該水域內(nèi)的所有海洋生物，那么該國應(yīng)……”。根據(jù)第一段第三句withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities（在這一范圍內(nèi)它有權(quán)但沒有責(zé)任管理所有活動）和第二段第三句Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.（除了對其本國公民的控制外，沒有任何國家有責(zé)任控制國際水域內(nèi)的這種活動，更不用說單方面的權(quán)力了）可推斷，如果某一國家領(lǐng)水內(nèi)的商業(yè)活動威脅到該水域內(nèi)的所有海洋生物，該國可以根據(jù)自身情況自行解決，因此可知D項“被允許自行決定解決這個問題，只要它能夠遏制對自己領(lǐng)海的威脅”符合題意。A項“因未能適當(dāng)管理海洋活動而受到國際組織的正式譴責(zé)”和B項“被其他國家呼吁建立保護其領(lǐng)海的規(guī)則”在文中沒有提到；C項“能夠但無須對此類商業(yè)活動做出法律限制”，根據(jù)第一段最后一句提到becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.（由于這一領(lǐng)土范圍非常有限，大多數(shù)國家沒有建立管理或保護其領(lǐng)海的規(guī)則）可推斷，大多數(shù)國家對領(lǐng)海保護方面沒有建立相應(yīng)的法律規(guī)定，因此C項不對。故該題選D。

63.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者認為，在二十世紀(jì)中葉以前，大多數(shù)國家在領(lǐng)海和國際水域方面的行動表明了……”。由第三段第二句Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpo