考研考博-英語-蘭州城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州城市學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Onbehalfofmycompany,Iam（）toyouandyourcolleaguesforyourgeneroushelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjected

B.inclined

C.available

D.obliged

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)subject與to搭配，意思是“隸屬于”；B選項(xiàng)inclineto“傾向于”；C選項(xiàng)availableto“供給”；D選項(xiàng)obligedto“感激”，句意：我代表我的公司，對(duì)你和你的同事們的慷慨幫助表示感謝。A，B，C項(xiàng)都不符合題意，故選D。

2.單選題

ThenewdesignsoftheChristmasstampsarealwayswaitedforwithkeen

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irritation

B.prediction

C.reception

D.anticipation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。irritation“刺激，激怒”；prediction“預(yù)報(bào)，預(yù)言”；reception“接待，接收”；anticipation“預(yù)料，預(yù)期”。句意：人們總是熱切地期待著新設(shè)計(jì)的圣誕郵票。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Bymovingtheradarbeamaroundslowlyincircles,wecan（

）thesurroundings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explore

B.expose

C.exploit

D.expand

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。explore意為“勘查，探測(cè)”；expose意為“揭露，揭發(fā)”；exploit意為“利用，開采”；expand意為“擴(kuò)大，增加”。由句中的“theradar（雷達(dá)）”可知其作用是用來探測(cè)，因此選A。

句意：通過將雷達(dá)波束緩慢地繞著圈移動(dòng)，我們可以探測(cè)周圍環(huán)境。

4.單選題

Heseemstothinktheplanwillwork,butIam（

）aboutitssuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbelieving

B.unbelievable

C.incredible

D.skeptical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”；unbelievable“難以置信的，不可信的”；incredible“難以置信的，驚人的，極好的”；skeptical“懷疑的”。句意：他似乎覺得這個(gè)計(jì)劃會(huì)湊效，但我對(duì)它的成功表示懷疑。前半句表達(dá)的是一個(gè)人相信的態(tài)度，由but可知后半句態(tài)度與之相反，即懷疑的態(tài)度。故D項(xiàng)正確。beskepticalabout對(duì)……表示懷疑。

5.單選題

He（）meanttogivehisopinion,nottostartanargument.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.merely

B.sincerely

C.actually

D.definitely

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他僅僅是打算提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，并非想展開辯論。

考查副詞辨析。merely僅僅；sincerely真誠地，誠懇地；actually確實(shí)；definitely明確地；確定地。因此A符合句意。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.

挑戰(zhàn)未知是人類誕生之初就具備的本能，而探索外太空則是好奇心和求知欲在現(xiàn)代的延伸。人類和動(dòng)物最本質(zhì)的區(qū)別在于不斷地探求未知，其終極目的就是要回答“我從哪來？我到哪去？”。這樣的問題，在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界找不到答案，人們便將追問的目光投向浩瀚的外太空。正是這些追問，成為人類探索宇宙的動(dòng)力。此外，太空探索還激發(fā)了全人類的科學(xué)精神。

【答案】Challengingtheunknownhasbeenahumaninstinctsincewewereborn,andexploringouterspaceisextensionofcuriosityandaspirationtoknowledgeinmoderntimes.Themostessentialdifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandanimalsistheconstantsearchfortheunknown,whoseultimategoalistoanswerthequestion“WheredoIcomefrom?WhereamIgoing?”Itisimpossibletofindtheanswerofsuchquestionsintherealworld,therefore,peoplewilltransfertheirattentiontothevastouterspace.Itisthesequestionsthathavebecomethedrivingforceforhumanexplorationoftheuniverse.Inaddition,spaceexplorationhasinspiredthescientificspiritofallmankind.

7.單選題

Althoughtheendofthetermwasclose（）,Jimhadnotcompletedalloftheprojectshehadhopedtofinish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onhand

B.byhand

C.athand

D.inhand

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管學(xué)期快結(jié)束了，吉姆還沒有完成他希望完成的所有項(xiàng)目。

考查短語辨析。onhand在手邊;在場(chǎng);byhand用手；athand在手邊；即將到來；inhand在手頭；在進(jìn)行中；在控制中。這里表示“學(xué)期快結(jié)束了”，故選C。

8.問答題

Butcareerplanningshouldhelpyouto(A)approachandcopebetterwithnewproblems,suchasdecidingwhetherornot(B)entereducationalortrainingprograms,changejobs,and(C)analyzethedifficultiesyouarehaving(D)withasituationoraperson.

【答案】C；“analyze”改為“analyzing”。

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：但是職業(yè)規(guī)劃應(yīng)該幫助你更好地處理新問題，比如決定是否參加教育或培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目，是否換工作，以及分析你正面臨的與某種情況或某人有關(guān)的困難。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“and”連接并列的賓語成分，共同作“suchas”的賓語，所以“deciding…”和“analyze…”構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，在形式上須保持一致。所以將“analyze”改為“analyzing”。

9.單選題

He（）threehoursinthesnowtogetbackhome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trudged

B.grudged

C.judged

D.fudged

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trudge“跋涉”；B選項(xiàng)grudge“（因不滿而）不愿意給（或允許）”；C選項(xiàng)judge“判斷；猜測(cè)（大小、數(shù)量等）”；D選項(xiàng)fudge“含糊其辭，模糊處理；回避。句意：他在雪中跋涉三個(gè)鐘頭才回到家。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Petroleumisnature’s______ofthehydrocarbon—remainsofmanyformsofmarinelife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.component

B.composition

C.composite

D.complication

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項(xiàng)component“組成部分，成分，組件”，B項(xiàng)composition“作文，作曲，作品”，C項(xiàng)composite“復(fù)合材料，合成物”，D項(xiàng)complication“并發(fā)癥，復(fù)雜，復(fù)雜化”。根據(jù)句子空格處部分的意思“石油是自然界的……碳?xì)浠衔铩笨芍?，空格處填入“合成物”最符合語境。句意：石油是自然界中多種海洋生物殘留的碳?xì)浠衔锏暮铣晌?。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thedetectivestorymightnotbe（）interestingtokeepthechildawake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enough

B.adequately

C.amply

D.sufficiently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：enough“（側(cè)重表示分量或數(shù)量的足夠）足夠地，充分地”；選項(xiàng)B:adequately意思是“（表示程度）足夠地，適當(dāng)?shù)亍?；選項(xiàng)C：amply意思是“（側(cè)重表示是數(shù)量）充足地”；選項(xiàng)D:sufficiently意思是“（側(cè)重表示是數(shù)量）充分地，足夠地”。根據(jù)句意本題需要選擇一個(gè)程度副詞來修飾interesting這個(gè)形容詞，而選項(xiàng)A、C、D均側(cè)重于數(shù)量和分量，因此選項(xiàng)B正確答案。句意：這本偵探小說或許沒有有趣到讓孩不子愿入睡。

12.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

如果使用得當(dāng)，恐懼和與之相伴的痛苦是人類和動(dòng)物擁有的最有用的兩樣?xùn)|西。如果火燒到時(shí)不會(huì)疼痛，孩子們會(huì)一直玩火直到燒掉雙手。同樣地，如果只有痛苦而沒有恐懼，一個(gè)孩子會(huì)一次又一次地用火燒自己，因?yàn)榭謶植粫?huì)警告他遠(yuǎn)離曾經(jīng)燒到他的火。一個(gè)真正無畏的士兵——的確存在這樣的人——不是一個(gè)好士兵，因?yàn)樗芸炀蜁?huì)被殺死。而一個(gè)死掉的士兵對(duì)他的軍隊(duì)沒有任何用處。所以恐懼和痛苦是兩位保鏢，人類和動(dòng)物沒有它們就會(huì)很快滅亡。重要的不是讓恐懼控制你，而是要用恐懼來做你的仆人和向?qū)А?/p>

【答案】Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossessiftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnthechildtokeepawayfromthefirethathadburnthimorherbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist—isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.

13.單選題

Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans-whales,porpoises,anddolphinsaremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.

Veryexcitingdiscoverieshavefinallyallowedscientiststoreconstructthemostlikelyoriginsofcetaceans.In1979,ateamlookingforfossilsinnorthernPakistanfoundwhatprovedtobetheoldestfossilwhale.ThefossilwasofficialnamedPakicetusinhonorofthecountrywherethediscoverywasmade.Pakicetuswasfoundembeddedinrocksformedfromriverdepositsthatwere52millionyearsold.TheriverthatformedthesedepositswasactuallynotfarfromanancientoceanknownastheTethysSea.

Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidespreciousdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals,themesonychids,andcetaceans.IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.

AnothermajordiscoverywasmadeinEgyptin1989.Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftbytheTethysSeaandnowexposedintheSaharadesert.Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.Manyincompleteskeletonswerefoundbuttheyincluded,forthefirsttimeinanarchaeocyte,acompletehindlegthatfeaturesafootwiththreetinytoes.Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.

58.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutearlyseaotters?

59.Pakicetusandmoderncetaceanshavesimilar______.

60.ThehindlegofBasilosauruswasasignificantfindbecauseitshowedthatBasilosaurus______.

61.ItcanbeinferredthatBasilosaurusbredandgavebirthinwhichofthefollowinglocations?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheylookedlike.

B.Thereweregreatnumbersofthem.

C.Theylivedintheseaonly.

D.Theydidnotleavemanyfossilremains.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hearingstructures

B.adaptationsfordiving

C.skullshapes

D.breedinglocations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.livedlaterthanAmbulocetusnatans

B.livedatthesametimeasPakicetus

C.wasabletoswimwell

D.couldnothavewalkedonland

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Onland.

B.Bothonlandandatsea.

C.Inshallowwater.

D.Inamarineenvironment.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第1段中可以推斷出關(guān)于早期海獺的哪一項(xiàng)？”。根據(jù)第一段第四句However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.（然而，不像海獺和鰭足類動(dòng)物，如海豹、海獅和海象，它們的四肢既能在陸地上也能在海上活動(dòng)，很難想象第一批鯨魚長什么樣）可知，第一批鯨魚不像海獺和鰭足類動(dòng)物一樣，它們只能在海里活動(dòng)，所以很難想象它們的樣子，從而反推，想象早期的海獺是什么樣子沒有那么難，故A項(xiàng)“不難想象它們長什么樣”正確，由此也可知C項(xiàng)“他們只住在海里”與原文不符；第一段都沒有提到早期海獺的數(shù)量及其化石，B項(xiàng)“數(shù)量巨大”和D項(xiàng)“他們沒有留下很多化石遺跡”不選。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

59.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“巴基鯨和現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物也有類似的……”。根據(jù)第三段第三句Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.（這個(gè)頭骨與鯨類動(dòng)物相似，但它的下顎骨缺少現(xiàn)代鯨魚用來接收水下聲音的、充滿脂肪或油的擴(kuò)大空間。）可知，Pakicetus化石有和現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物相似的頭骨，C項(xiàng)“頭骨形狀”正確；第三段第四句提到Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.（巴基鯨可能像陸地哺乳動(dòng)物一樣通過耳孔探測(cè)聲音。）可知，巴基鯨的聽力結(jié)構(gòu)可能和陸地哺乳動(dòng)物一樣，但現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物是海洋哺乳生物，故A項(xiàng)“聽力結(jié)構(gòu)”錯(cuò)誤；第三段最后兩句指出IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.（據(jù)推測(cè)，巴基鯨以淺水魚類為食，尚未適應(yīng)在開闊的海洋中生活。它可能在陸地上繁殖和繁殖。）可知，巴基鯨并不能在海中生活更別說潛水，而且它們?cè)陉懙厣戏敝?，現(xiàn)代鯨目動(dòng)物并不能在陸地上繁殖，所以B項(xiàng)“對(duì)潛水的適應(yīng)能力”和D項(xiàng)“繁殖地點(diǎn)”均錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“龍王鯨的后肢是一個(gè)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗砻鼾埻貊L……”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hindleg可定位到文章最后兩句Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.（這樣的后肢太小了，根本無法在陸地上支撐50英尺長的龍王鯨。龍王鯨無疑是一種完全的海洋鯨魚，有著可能沒有功能或退化的后腿。），由此可推測(cè)，龍王鯨因?yàn)楹笾《荒苤巫约旱纳眢w，所以它不能在陸地上行走，是一種完全的海洋生物，所以D項(xiàng)“不能在陸地上行走”正確；A項(xiàng)“生活的時(shí)期比陸行鯨晚”，最后一段并未提及龍王鯨和陸行鯨生活的時(shí)期先后的比較，所以A項(xiàng)并不能從文中推斷出來；B項(xiàng)“和巴基鯨生活在同一時(shí)期”，最后一段提到Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.（這種鯨魚生活在大約4000萬年前，比巴基鯨晚1200萬年。）可知，B項(xiàng)與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“游的很好”，文中雖然說龍王鯨是一種完全的海洋生物，但是并沒有信息可以推敲出它游的很好，C項(xiàng)過度推斷。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷，龍王鯨是在以下哪個(gè)地點(diǎn)繁殖和分娩的？”。文章最后一句指出Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.（龍王鯨無疑是一種完全的海洋鯨魚，有著可能沒有功能或退化的后腿。）可知，龍王鯨是在海洋里面生活的，A項(xiàng)“在陸地上”和B項(xiàng)“陸上和海上都有”因此錯(cuò)誤；文章并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)或者提及龍王鯨到底是生活在海洋的淺水區(qū)還是深水區(qū)，所以只能推斷龍王鯨是在海洋環(huán)境中繁殖和分娩的，D項(xiàng)“在海洋環(huán)境中”正確，C項(xiàng)“在淺水區(qū)”太片面。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Itwasclearthatthestorm（）hisarrivalbytwohours.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retarded

B.retired

C.refrained

D.retreated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retarded“延遲，阻止，妨礙”；B選項(xiàng)retired“退休，撤退，退卻”；C選項(xiàng)refrained“節(jié)制，克制”；D選項(xiàng)retreated“撤退，退避”。句意：很明顯，暴風(fēng)雨使他（）了兩個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)。本句表示的是“暴風(fēng)雨使他晚到了兩小時(shí)”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Itwasunusualforthere（）sofewstudentsintheclassroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.be

C.being

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查句式。介詞for后面跟的存在句采用不定式形式。句意：教室里的學(xué)生這么少是不尋常的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Iknowcold.AndallyouMinnesotapeoplemaydiscountmebecauseIamfromPhoenix,buttrustme,Iknowcold.Ihaveclimbedthehighestpeakoneachcontinent(thefamedSevenSummits)andhaveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles—afeatknownastheAdventureGrandSlam.Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.

OfalltheremoteplacesIhavebeen,Antarctica—landofthefrozentundra—isperhapsmyfavorite.Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.Ihavebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassifandoncetoskisix-hundredmilesfromtheedgeofthewesternAntarcticiceshelfallthewaytotheSouthPole.“Whywouldyouwanttosufferlikethat”isaquestionIgetallthetime.Andsure,therearetimeswhenyouarefeelinglikeyouwanttotakeabreakfromthefrigidconditionsandgoinsidethelodgeandgetacupofhotcocoa...butyoucan’t.ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates(unlessyouareonasolotrip—nothanks)andthecold.Soyoumakepeacewiththesub-zerotemperatures,becauseyou’regoingtobeinthemforthebetterpartoftwomonths.

Sothinkingbackonmyexperienceshere’swhyyoushouldbeokaywithacoupleofdaysofpolarvortex—because1)youcangoinside,and2)becauseitmakesyousmarter—oratleastsmarterthanthewarmweatherdoes.Yep.Goodnewsforthoseincitiesaffectedbythevortex:coldweathercanactuallybereallygoodforyou.Notjustbecauseyouburnmorefatwhenit’scold,butbecauseyourbrainworksbetterwhenit’scold.AccordingtoanarticlebyAdrianWardthatappearedinScientificAmerican,ittakesmoreenergytocoolyourbodywhenit’shotthanitdoestowarmitupwhenyou’recold.Theenergycomesfromglucose...whichisalsonecessaryforthebrain’smentalprocesses.Sobasically,coolingoffwhenitishotusesmoreglucosethanwarmingupwhenit’scold;thusleavinglessavailableglucoseforthebrain.Therefore,wecanassumethatcoldweatherisbetterforthebrain.Quick—everyonegotaketheMENSAtestbeforethetemperaturewarmsupagain!

1.Whatdothemountainstheauthorhasclimbedhaveincommon?

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAntarctica?

3.WhatisnotavailableinthemiddleofAntarctica?

4.Whyiscoldweatherbetterforthebrain?

5.WecanlearnfromthetestthattheMENSAtestisakindof_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheyarealllocatedintheNorthPole.

B.TheyarealllocatedintheSouthPole.

C.Theyhavethesameelevations.

D.Theyareallveryfrigid.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisabout98%waterand2%ice.

B.Thetemperaturestherecanreach128degreecentigrade.

C.Itisthesecondcoldestplaceonearth.

D.ThereisamountaincalledVinsonMassif.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Skilodge.

B.Sled.

C.Supplies.

D.Camera.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseyoucanburnmorefatwhenitiscold.

B.Becauseyoucangoinsideskilodgesandtakeabreakwhenitiscold.

C.Becauseyoucanleavemoreglucoseforthebrainwhenitiscold.

D.Becausetheenergyyouneedforthebraincomesfromice.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.psychiatrictest

B.intelligencetest

C.personalitytest

D.admissiontest

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段最后一句話Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.“每一個(gè)山脈和極地探險(xiǎn)都非常不同——除了一件事：寒冷”從這里可以知道答案選D選項(xiàng)“他們都非常寒冷”；A選項(xiàng)“它們都位于北極”，定位到第一段第三句話…h(huán)aveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles…“……曾經(jīng)南極和北極都滑過……”，從這里可知A屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“它們都位于南極”，見A選項(xiàng)，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“他們有相同的海拔高度”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段第五句話…h(huán)avebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassif“……到過這兩次；有一次去爬文森山”，從這里可知D選項(xiàng)“那有一座山叫文森山”正確；

A選項(xiàng)“大約98%是水，2%是冰”，定位到第二段第三句話Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.“這塊大陸大約98%是冰，2%是巖石”，從這里可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“那里的溫度可以達(dá)到128攝氏度”，定位到第二段第四句話Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.“冬天的氣溫已經(jīng)達(dá)到零下128度”從關(guān)鍵詞below可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“它是地球上第二冷的地方”，第二段第二句話Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.“它也是地球上最冷的地方”，從這里可知C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.“南極洲中部沒有滑雪旅館”，從這里可知答案選A“滑雪旅館”；

B選項(xiàng)“雪橇”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句話There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates…andthecold.“只有你，腰間系著1501b雪橇(包括你所有的裝備和補(bǔ)給)，你的隊(duì)友，還有寒冷”，從這里可知B選項(xiàng)不符合題意，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“補(bǔ)給”，見B選項(xiàng)，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“照相機(jī)”文章沒有提及屬于無中生有。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句Sobasically,coolingoffwhenitishotusesmoreglucosethanwarmingupwhenit’scold;thusleavinglessavailableglucoseforthebrain.“所以基本上，在熱的時(shí)候降溫比在冷的時(shí)候升溫需要更多的葡萄糖；這樣就減少了大腦可用的葡萄糖”，從這里可知答案選C“因?yàn)槔涞臅r(shí)候你可以給大腦留下更多的葡萄糖”；

A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樘鞖饫涞臅r(shí)候可以燃燒更多的脂肪”，定位到最后一段第四句話Notjustbecauseyouburnmorefatwhenit’scold,butbecauseyourbrainworksbetterwhenit’scold.“這不僅是因?yàn)槟阍诶涞臅r(shí)候燃燒了更多的脂肪，還因?yàn)槟愕拇竽X在冷的時(shí)候工作得更好”，從這里可知這不是大腦在冷環(huán)境中運(yùn)行的更好的原因，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤；

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樘鞖饫涞臅r(shí)候你可以去滑雪小屋休息一下”，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第三句ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica“南極洲中部沒有滑雪旅館”，這不是大腦在冷環(huán)境中運(yùn)行的更好的原因，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤；

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槟愦竽X所需的能量來自冰”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

5.推理判斷題，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Therefore,wecanassumethatcoldweatherisbetterforthebrain.“因此，我們可以假設(shè)寒冷的天氣對(duì)大腦更好”，這里說完冷的環(huán)境對(duì)大腦運(yùn)行有利就趕緊督促別人去考MENS，就說明這考試與大腦也就是智力有關(guān)，所以答案選B“智力測(cè)試”；

A選項(xiàng)“心理測(cè)試”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“性格測(cè)試”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“入學(xué)考試”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

17.單選題

Hewasfiredbecausehewas（

）lateforwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.occasionally

B.consistently

C.presently

D.weekly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。occasionally“偶爾”；consistently“一貫地”；presently“不久，一會(huì)兒”；weekly“每周一次”。句意：他被解雇了，因?yàn)樗习嗫偸沁t到。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.單選題

Studentswhodon’tworkhardwillface（）prospectsinthefuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meager

B.rare

C.bleak

D.slight

【答案】C

【解析】meager貧乏的，瘦的；rare稀少的；bleak慘淡的，無希望的；slight輕微的，少量的。能與prospects搭配且符合句意的只有選項(xiàng)C。指前途慘淡的，無希望的。

19.單選題

IamconfidentthatI’llprovetobeatremendous____toyourcompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.possession

B.asset

C.property

D.assumption

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.possession所有物；擁有B.asset有價(jià)值的人或事物

C.property財(cái)產(chǎn)D.assumption（責(zé)任的）承擔(dān)；（權(quán)力的）獲得

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句句意為“我相信我將成為貴公司的寶貴的____。”由此可知，空格所填的詞指的是“我”這個(gè)人。因此，B選項(xiàng)asset“（~tosb/sth）有價(jià)值的人或事物”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)possession“所有物；擁有”，側(cè)重于指?jìng)€(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)或私人物品，或者inpossessionofsomething指擁有某物的狀態(tài)；

C選項(xiàng)property“財(cái)產(chǎn)”，指?jìng)€(gè)人或團(tuán)體合法擁有的財(cái)產(chǎn)，包括動(dòng)產(chǎn)與不動(dòng)產(chǎn)；

D選項(xiàng)assumption“（責(zé)任的）承擔(dān)；（權(quán)力的）獲得”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】我相信我將成為貴公司的寶貴財(cái)富。

20.單選題

Ⅹ.(IntellectualProperties)

Incaseswhereanominativefairusedefenseisraised,weaskwhether(1)theproductwas“readilyidentifiable”withoutuseofthemark;(2)defendantusedmoreofthemarkthannecessary;or(3)defendantfalselysuggestedhewassponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.ButifthenominativeusesatisfiesthethreefactorNewKidstest,itdoesn’tinfringe.IfthenominativeusedoesnotsatisfyalltheNewKidsfactors,thedistrictcourtmayorderdefendantstomodifytheiruseofthemarksothatallthreefactorsaresatisfied;itmaynotenjoinnominativeuseofthemarkaltogether.ThedistrictcourtenjoinedtheTabarisfromusing“anyTTTdomainname,servicemark,trademark,tradename,metatagorothercommercialindicationoforiginthatincludesthemarkLEXUS.”Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.Accordingly,“wemustensurethattheinjunctionistailoredtoeliminateonlythespecificharmalleged.”Toupholdthebroadinjunctionenteredinthiscase,wewouldhavetobeconvincedthatconsumersarelikelytobelieveasiteissponsoredorendorsedbyatrademarkholderwheneverthedomainnamecontainsthestringoflettersthatmakeupthetrademark.Inperformingthisanalysis,ourfocusmustbeonthe“‘reasonablyprudentconsumer’inthemarketplace”.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.Theinjunctionhereisplainlyoverbroad—asevenToyota’scounselgrudginglyconcededatoralargument—becauseitprohibitsdomainnamesthatontheirfacedispelanyconfusionastosponsorshiporendorsement.

87.The3factortestfornominativefairuseisNOTdesignedto___.

88.Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementbecause___.

89.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,onecaninferthat___.

90.WhichofthefollowingisNOTnecessaryforthecourttoupholdthebroadinjunctionmadebythelowercourt?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventamistakenbeliefthattheuseisendorsedbythetrademarkholder

B.resolvethelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeuse

C.dealwiththemistakenbeliefbytheconsumers

D.addresstheriskofnominativeuse

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

B.acompanymayusemoremarksthannecessary

C.ofacompany’suseofanunnecessarytrademark

D.itisnecessaryforacompanytouseatrademark

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theFirstAmendmentconcernswithfreedomofspeech

B.atrademarkinjunctioncaninterferewithtruthfulcommunication

C.atrademarkinjunctionalwaysinvolvesnominativefairuse

D.buyersandsellersareinthemarketplace

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace.

B.Theunreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppers

C.Theprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline

D.ThekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’website

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】87.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文Thistest“evaluatesthelikelihoodofconfusioninnominativeusecases”.It’sdesignedtoaddresstheriskthatnominativeuseofthemarkwillinspireamistakenbeliefonthepartofconsumersthatthespeakerissponsoredorendorsedbythetrademarkholder.（這個(gè)測(cè)試“評(píng)估指稱性使用例中混淆的可能性”。它的目的是解決這樣一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，即商標(biāo)的提名使用會(huì)讓消費(fèi)者誤以為說話者是由商標(biāo)持有人贊助或支持的）可知C選項(xiàng)“處理消費(fèi)者的錯(cuò)誤信念”并不是命名的合理使用的三因素測(cè)試設(shè)計(jì)的目的；A選項(xiàng)“防止錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為使用是由商標(biāo)持有人支持的”，B選項(xiàng)“解決指稱性使用混淆的可能性”以及D選項(xiàng)“解決指稱性使用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”是其測(cè)試涉及的目的。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

88.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文Thethirdfactorspeaksdirectlytotheriskofsuchconfusion,andtheothersdosoindirectly:Consumersmayreasonablyinfersponsorshiporendorsementifacompanyusesanunnecessarytrademarkor“more”ofamarkthannecessary.（第三個(gè)因素直接說明了這種混淆的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而其他因素則間接說明了這一點(diǎn)：如果一家公司使用了不必要的商標(biāo)或比必要的商標(biāo)“更多”，消費(fèi)者可能會(huì)合理地推斷出贊助或支持）可知選B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)公司可能使用比必要的更多的標(biāo)志”；A選項(xiàng)“公司沒有必要使用商標(biāo)”，C選項(xiàng)“公司使用不必要的商標(biāo)”以及D選項(xiàng)“公司使用商標(biāo)是必要的”不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

89.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子部分Atrademarkinjunction,particularlyoneinvolvingnominativefairuse,canraiseseriousFirstAmendmentconcernsbecauseitcaninterferewithtruthfulcommunicationbetweenbuyersandsellersinthemarketplace.（一項(xiàng)商標(biāo)禁令，特別是涉及提名的合理使用的禁令，可能會(huì)引起《第一修正案》(FirstAmendment)的嚴(yán)重關(guān)切，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)干擾市場(chǎng)上買賣雙方的真實(shí)溝通）可知B選項(xiàng)“商標(biāo)禁令可能干擾真實(shí)溝通”符合原文；A選項(xiàng)“第一修正案涉及言論自由”，C選項(xiàng)“商標(biāo)禁令總是涉及到命名的合理使用”以及D選項(xiàng)“買方和賣方在市場(chǎng)”無法從劃線句子部分推斷出，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

90.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文Therelevantmarketplaceistheonlinemarketplace,andtherelevantconsumerisareasonablyprudentconsumeraccustomedtoshoppingonline;thekindofconsumerwhoislikelytovisittheTabaris’websitewhenshoppingforanexpensiveproductlikealuxurycar.Unreasonable,imprudentandinexperiencedwebshoppersarenotrelevant.（相關(guān)市場(chǎng)是網(wǎng)絡(luò)市場(chǎng)，相關(guān)消費(fèi)者是習(xí)慣在網(wǎng)上購物的合理謹(jǐn)慎的消費(fèi)者；這類消費(fèi)者在購買豪華車等昂貴產(chǎn)品時(shí)，可能會(huì)訪問Tabaris的網(wǎng)站。不合理、輕率和缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的網(wǎng)上購物者并不必要）可知選B選項(xiàng)“不合理、輕率和缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物者”；A選項(xiàng)“相關(guān)的市場(chǎng)是在線市場(chǎng)”，C選項(xiàng)“習(xí)慣網(wǎng)上購物的謹(jǐn)慎消費(fèi)者”以及D選項(xiàng)“可能訪問Tabaris網(wǎng)站的消費(fèi)者”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Therearethreeseparatesourcesofhazard（1）totheuseofnuclearreactiontosupplyuswithenergy.Firstly,theradioactivematerialmusttravelfromitsplaceofmanufacturetothepowerstation.（2）thepowerstationsthemselvesaresolidlybuilt,thecontainerusedfortransportofthematerialarenot.Unfortunately,thereare（3）onlytwomethodsoftransportavailable,（4）roadorrail,andbothofthese（5）closecontactwiththegeneralpublic,（6）theroutesare（7）topassnear,oreventhrough,（8）populatedareas.

Secondly,thereisaproblemofwasters.Allnuclearpowerstationsproducewasteswhich（9）willremainradioactiveforthousandsofyears.Itis（10

）tode-activethesewastes,andsotheymustbestored（11

）oneoftheingeniousbutcumbersomewaysthatscientistshaveinvented.Forexample,theymustbeburiedundertheground（12

）sunkinthesea.However,these（13

）donotsolvetheproblemcompletely,theymerelystoreit,sinceanearth-quakecould（14

）openthecontainerslikenuts.

Thirdly,thereistheproblemofaccidentalexposure（15

）toaleakoranexplosionatthepowerstation.（16

）withtheothertwohazards,thisisnotverylikelyanddoesnotprovideaserious（17

）tothenuclearprogram,（18

）itcanhappen,astheinhabitantsofHarrisburgwilltellyou.

Separately,andduringshortperiods,thesethreetypesofriskarenogreatcauseforconcern.（19

）,though,andespecially（20

）muchlongerperiods,theprobabilityofadisasterisextremelyhigh.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.related

B.connected

C.associated

D.affiliated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hence

B.Although

C.Therefore

D.However

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.regularly

B.typically

C.normally

D.commonly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.suchas

B.forexample

C.forinstance

D.namely

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.concern

B.involve

C.include

D.contain

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.although

C.while

D.so

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.bound

B.close

C.near

D.sure

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.much

B.heavily

C.closely

D.crowdedly

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.inmostcases

B.inthemostcases

C.inanycases

D.insuchcases

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.important

B.improbable

C.impossible

D.incredible

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.by

C.with

D.on

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.than

C.or

D.and

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.means

B.ways

C.measures

D.methods

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.crack

B.crash

C.clash

D.collide

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.attached

B.due

C.relevant

D.owing

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.contacted

B.compared

C.matched

D.contrasted

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.disapproval

B.disagreement

C.protest

D.objection

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.since

C.so

D.hence

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.Takingtogether

B.Takentogether

C.Havingtakentogether

D.Havingbeentakentogether

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.at

C.over

D.for

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】（1）這里表示與...相關(guān),用relatedto。connectedto指與...相連接；associated后面通常接介詞with；affiliatedto指使...隸屬于。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（2）根據(jù)原文,電站本身是堅(jiān)固的,用于運(yùn)輸材料的集裝箱卻不是。所以這里用Although表轉(zhuǎn)折。Hence和Therefore都表因此；However用在此處句意不通。

（3）根據(jù)原文,不幸的是,只有兩種運(yùn)輸方法。normally表通常地,一般地,通常強(qiáng)調(diào)其正常性；regularly定期地；typic