考研考博-英語-北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（

）ofabrilliantcareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考察介詞短語搭配。沒有ontheporch這個(gè)搭配，排除選項(xiàng)A；onthethreshold“即將開始”；ontheedgeof“在……的邊緣”；onthecourseof“在……的過程中”。句意：作為學(xué)校里最年輕的教授，布朗先生正處在輝煌事業(yè)的開始階段。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

I’mtooignorantaboutsuchmatters;Iamnotqualifiedtocomment,butitseemstomesomebodywhohasstudiedataprestigiousuniversityabroadcouldn’tbeasbadasyousay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profound

B.civilized

C.well-known

D.conventional

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)profound“深厚的；意義深遠(yuǎn)的；淵博的”；B選項(xiàng)civilized“文明的；有禮貌的”；C選項(xiàng)well-known“著名的；眾所周知的”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“傳統(tǒng)的；慣例的”。句意：我對這類事情太無知了，所以我沒有資格評論，但在我看來，一個(gè)在國外……大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)過的人不可能像你說的那么差。由后面的名詞university“大學(xué)”，可排除A，B選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗鼈兂Ｓ脕硇稳萑?，而非事物。由后面的信息couldn’tbeasbadasyousay“不能如你說的那樣糟糕”，由此可知在他眼里那個(gè)人至少應(yīng)該是優(yōu)秀的，大多情況下優(yōu)秀的人會(huì)考上聲望很高的大學(xué)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Theevilmannerswouldbe（

）rootandbranchduetotheforcefulactiontakenbythelocalgovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exterminated

B.exemplified

C.facilitated

D.emitted

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:由于地方政府的強(qiáng)力措施，壞習(xí)慣會(huì)終究被根除。

exterminate消滅；根除。exemplify例證；例示。facilitate促進(jìn)；幫助；使容易。emit發(fā)出，放射；發(fā)行；發(fā)表。

4.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我們要樹立必勝信念、繼續(xù)埋頭苦干，貫徹創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享的發(fā)展理念，著力推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，著力推進(jìn)改革開放，著力促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義，著力營造政治上的綠水青山，為全面建成小康社會(huì)決勝階段開好局、起好步。

【答案】Weshouldremainfirminourconvictiontosucceed,continuetoworkhardandimplementthevisionofachievinginnovative,coordinated,green,openandshareddevelopment.Wewillendeavortocarryoutstructuralreform,acceleratereformandopening-up,promotesocialequityandjustice,andcreateasoundpoliticalenvironment.Doingsowillenableustogetofftoagoodstartinoureffortstofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsinthisdecisivestage.

5.單選題

Theboredomanddeepcontemptforhisworkmustresultfromtheworker’srelationshiptohisworkwhichiscompletely（）ofhumanity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devoid

B.desolate

C.destitute

D.derelict

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。devoid“缺乏的”；desolate“荒涼的”;destitute“貧困的”；derelict“荒廢的”。前面提到“他對工作的無聊和深深的蔑視源于工作關(guān)系”，由此可知“缺乏人性的工作關(guān)系”符合語境，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

WithtrafficconstantlyontheincreaseinthestreetsofBeijing,themetroisthebestwaytogetaroundthecityduringrushhours，howeverthecrowdsinthemetrotrainsarenowalsoa

problem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.getaroundthecity

B.constantlyontheincrease

C.getaroundthecity

D.hours，however

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】句子連接錯(cuò)誤。however后面加逗號。however在句子中表示"然而",表示轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí),通常用逗號與句子其他成分隔開。

7.翻譯題

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

【答案】1．難題在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

2．行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

3．自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用則剛剛開始被認(rèn)識和研究。

4．自由和尊嚴(yán)（它們）是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主的人所擁有的，是要求一個(gè)人對自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

5．（如果）這些問題得不到解決，研究行為的技術(shù)手段就會(huì)繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問題的唯一方式可能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。

8.單選題

Inthenewcabinet’budget,aproportionof3percentisfixedforthefeedingand（

）ofthosebelowthepovertyline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unemployment

B.dwelling

C.exploitation

D.evolving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。unemployment“失業(yè)”；dwelling“住處，寓所”；exploitation“開發(fā)，開采，剝削”；evolving“演變，進(jìn)化”。

句意：在新內(nèi)閣的預(yù)算中，3%的預(yù)算用于為那些在貧困線以下的人提供食物和住處。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。obsolete“陳舊的，過時(shí)的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激進(jìn)的”；harmonious“和諧的”；amiable“親切的；友好的”，此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)形容詞來修飾“愛國主義”，這種愛國主義與國際體育中倡導(dǎo)的國家之間的友誼是相對的，故此處最恰當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~是aggressive。句意：國際體育應(yīng)該增進(jìn)兩國之間的友誼，但是目前的奧林匹克組織在某種程度上倡導(dǎo)……愛國主義。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

10.單選題

Thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim'shead（

）frombehind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhavebeenmade

B.musthavebeenmade

C.wouldhavebeenmade

D.oughttohavebeenmade

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的用法。A項(xiàng)shouldhavedone表示“本該做某事（其實(shí)沒做）”；B項(xiàng)musthavedone表示“—定做了某事”；C項(xiàng)wouldhavedone表示“將會(huì)做某事”，常用于表達(dá)虛擬語氣；D項(xiàng)oughttohavedone表示“本該做某事”，比shouldhavedone語氣強(qiáng)，意思為根據(jù)責(zé)任或者義務(wù)應(yīng)該做。句意：警察宣稱受害者頭上的傷一定是從后面猛擊造成的。故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Thenextfewdecadeswillseegreatchangesinthewayenergyissuppliedandused.Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached,andthereareincreasingfearsofglobalwarning.Consequently,manycountriesarefocusingontheswitchtoalowcarboneconomy.Thistransitionwillleadtomajorchangesinthesupplyanduseofelectricitytopowertheirhomesandvehicles.Secondly,therewillbeanincreaseinpowergeneration,notonlyintermsofhowmuchisgenerated,butalsohowitisgenerated,asthereisgrowingelectricitygenerationfromrenewablesources.Tomeetthesechallenges,countriesareinvestinginSmartGridtechnology.Thissystemaimstoprovidetheelectricityindustrywithabetterunderstandingofpowergenerationanddemand,andtousethisinformationtocreateamoreefficientpowernetwork.

SmartGirdtechnologybasicallyinvolvestheapplicationofacomputersystemtotheelectricitynetwork.Thecomputersystemcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutsupplyanddemandandimproveengineer’sabilitytomanagethesystem.Withbetterinformationaboutelectricitydemand,thenetworkwillbeabletoincreasetheamountofelectricitydeliveredperunitgenerated,leadingtopotentialreductionsinfuelneedsandcarbonemissions.Moreover,thecomputersystemwillassistinreducingoperationalandmaintenancecosts.

SmartGridtechnologyoffersbenefitstotheconsumertoo.Theywillbeabletocollectreal-timeinformationontheirenergyuseforeachappliance.Varyingtariffsthroughoutthedaywillgivecustomerstheincentivetouseappliancesattimeswhensupplygreatlyexceedsdemand,leadingtogreatreductionsinbills.Forexample,theymayusetheirwashingmachinesatnight.Smartmeterscanalsobeconnectedtotheinternetortelephonesystem,allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely.Furthermore,ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid.

Withthesechangescomesarangeofchallenges.Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand.Sourcesofrenewableenergy,suchaswind,waveandsolar,arenotoriouslyunpredictable,andnuclearpower,whichisalsosettoincreaseasnationsswitchtoalternativeenergysources,isinflexible.Withoilandgas,itisrelativelysimpletoincreasethesupplyofenergytomatchtheincreasingdemandduringpeaktimesofthedayoryear.Withalternativesources,thisisfarmoredifficult,andmayleadtoblackoutsorsystemcollapse.Potentialsolutionsincludeinvestigatingnewandefficientwaystostoreenergyandencouragingconsumerstouseelectricityatoff-peaktimes.

Asecondproblemisthefactthatmanyrenewablepowergenerationsourcesarelocatedinremoteareas,suchaswindyuplandsandcoastalregions,wherethereiscurrentlyalackofelectricaltechnology,thiscanbedonemoreefficientlybyreducingthereinforcementorconstructioncosts.AlthoughSmartTechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,pilotschemestopromoteandtestitarealreadyunderway.Consumersarecurrentlytestingthenewsmartmeterswhichcanbeusedintheirhomestomanageelectricityuse.Therearealsoanumberofdemonstrationsbeingplannedtoshowhowthesmarttechnologycouldpracticallywork,andtrialsareinplacetotestthenewelectricalinfrastructure.Itislikelythattechnologywillbeaddedin‘layers’startingwith‘quickwin’methodswhichwillprovideinitialcarbonsavings,tobefollowedbymoreadvancedsystemsatalaterdate.Citiesareprimecandidatesforinvestmentintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse.ItisherewhereSmartTechnologyislikelytobepromotedfirst,utilisingarangeofsustainablepowersourcestransportsolutionsandaninfrastructureforchangingelectricallypoweredvehicles.Theinfrastructureisalreadychangingfast.Bytheyear2050,changesintheenergysupplywillhavetransformedourhomes,ourroadsandourbehavior.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whathashappenedinsomeoilproducingcountries?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofmartGirdtechnologytoconsumers?

3.Whatistheproblemwithusingrenewablesourcesofpoweraccordingtothearticle?

4.Inparagraph5,whatcanbeinferredaboutcitiesinthefuture?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatcanbeinferredabouttheintroductionofSmartGirdTechnology?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareunwillingtoselltheiroilanymore.

B.Theyarenotproducingasmuchoilastheyusedto.

C.Thesupplyofoilisunpredictable.

D.Globalwarmingismoreseverherethaninothercountries.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanreducetheirelectricitybills.

B.Itcantellthemhowmuchenergyeachapplianceisusing.

C.Itcanallowthemtoturnappliancesonandoffwhentheyarenotathome.

D.Itcanreducetheamountofenergyneededtopowerappliances.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theydonotprovidemuchenergy.

B.Theyoftencausesystemfailureandblackouts.

C.Theydonotsupplyacontinuousflowofenergy.

D.Theycan’tbeusedatoff-peaktimes.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Morepeoplewillbelivingincitiesinthefuturethannowadays.

B.Peopleincitieswillbeusingcarsandbusespoweredbyelectricity.

C.Allbuildingswillgeneratetheirownelectricity.

D.SmartGridtechnologywillonlybeavailableincities.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thetechnologieswhichproducemostbenefitswillbeintroducedfirst.

B.Thecheapesttechnologieswillintroducesfirst.

C.Thetechnologieswhicharemostdifficulttoputintoplacewillbeintroducedfirst.

D.Technologicallyadvancedsystemswillbeintroducedfirst.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段“Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached”，在一些主要的石油生產(chǎn)國，“石油峰值”已經(jīng)達(dá)到。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“他們不愿意再賣他們的石油了”，選項(xiàng)C“石油的供應(yīng)是不可預(yù)測的”，選項(xiàng)D“全球變暖在這里比在其他國家更加嚴(yán)重”均與文章不符,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“l(fā)eadingtogreatreductionsinbills”，導(dǎo)致電費(fèi)大幅減少；“allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely”，讓消費(fèi)者可以遠(yuǎn)程啟動(dòng)或關(guān)閉家用電器；“ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid”，配備這一裝置的房間，可以自行發(fā)電，家用電器就可以直接依靠這一電源運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，而多余的電量則可以出售給電網(wǎng)。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“它可以減少他們的電費(fèi)”，選項(xiàng)C“當(dāng)他們不在家的時(shí)候，它可以讓他們遠(yuǎn)程打開和關(guān)閉電器”，選項(xiàng)D“它可以減少電力設(shè)備所需的總電量”均與文章相符,而選項(xiàng)B“可以測試出每一個(gè)家用電器使用中的電量”，文章未提及。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第四段“Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand”，首先是管理供給和需求的問題；“Sourcesofrenewableenergy...arenotoriouslyunpredictable”，可再生能源的來源是很難把握或預(yù)測的；“thisisfarmoredifficult,andmayleadtoblackoutsorsystemcollapse”更加困難的是，可能導(dǎo)致停電或系統(tǒng)崩潰；“investigatingnewandefficientwaystostoreenergy”，研究出新的且有效的方法就是存儲(chǔ)能源。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“它們不提供太多能量源”，選項(xiàng)B“它們經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)故障和停電”，選項(xiàng)D“他們在非高峰時(shí)段不能使用”均與文章不符,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第五段“Citiesareprimecandidatesforinvestmentintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse”，由于城市的高人口密度和高耗能，他們將是推廣智能能源的首選目標(biāo)；“...infrastructureforchangingelectricallypoweredvehicles”，提升基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，如改變汽車的電源供給方式。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“將來住在城市的人會(huì)比現(xiàn)在多”，選項(xiàng)C“所有的建筑都會(huì)自行發(fā)電”，選項(xiàng)D“智能電網(wǎng)技術(shù)只能在城市使用”均與文章不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。題干的意思是問“根據(jù)作者所述，關(guān)于智能網(wǎng)格技術(shù)的引入，我們可以推斷出什么?”。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章最后一段.“changesintheenergysupplywillhavetransformedourhomes,ourroadsandourbehavior”，智能供電方式的轉(zhuǎn)變將會(huì)改變我們的家、我們的道路以及我們的行為。由此可知，選項(xiàng)B“最便宜的技術(shù)將首先引入”，選項(xiàng)C“首先引進(jìn)最難實(shí)施的技術(shù)”，選項(xiàng)D“首先引進(jìn)技術(shù)先進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)”均與文章不符，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Iftheseshoesaretoobig,asktheclerktobringyouasmaller（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pair

B.suit

C.one

D.set

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果這些鞋太大了，請店員給你拿一雙更小的。結(jié)合語境，由前文談及“這些鞋子”，即應(yīng)該是成對的，故應(yīng)該用“一雙”，則A為正確答案。

13.單選題

InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthat“socialepidemics”aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformedpersuasive,orwellconnected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.

Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”:Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.

Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredatall.

Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence:WiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon’tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemics,byinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttodegreeremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexample,thecascadeofchangewon’tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsocialinfluencebyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.

56.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto______.

57.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”______.

58.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat______.

59.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inParagraph4referstotheoneswho______.

60.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics

B.discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas

C.exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics

D.describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

B.hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

C.haswonsupportfrominfluentials

D.requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepowerofinfluencesgoeswithsocialinteractions

B.interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

C.influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

D.mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

B.havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

C.areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers

D.areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theeagernesstobeaccepted.

B.Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers.

C.Thereadinesstobeinfluenced.

D.Theinclinationtorelyonothers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】56.推理判斷題。題干意思是“通過引用《引爆點(diǎn)》一書，作者想要……”。第一段最后一句指出Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.（這個(gè)想法在直覺上很有說服力，但它并沒有解釋這種想法實(shí)際上是如何傳播的），可推斷作者引用這本書是想要討論影響者在傳播思想中發(fā)揮的作用，故B項(xiàng)“討論影響者在傳播思想中的作用”正確。A項(xiàng)“分析社會(huì)流行病的后果”和C項(xiàng)“舉例說明人們對社會(huì)流行病的直覺反應(yīng)”在文中沒有提及；D項(xiàng)“描述影響者的基本特征”這是文章的細(xì)節(jié)描述，不夠概括作者的總體主旨。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

57.推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為‘兩級傳播理論’……”。第二段第一句提到Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”（人們認(rèn)為有影響力的人很重要，這源于一個(gè)聽起來貌似合理但基本上未經(jīng)驗(yàn)證的理論，即“兩級傳播理論”）可知，作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)理論聽起來合理但沒有經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證，即沒有可靠的證據(jù)支持，所以D項(xiàng)“對于它的有效性需要可靠的證據(jù)”符合題意。第二段第二句提到Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.（營銷人員已經(jīng)接受了兩級傳播，因?yàn)樗砻?，如果他們能找到并影響那些有影響力的人，這些被選中的人就會(huì)為他們做大部分工作），接著第三段指出Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.（然而，在他們最近的工作中，一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，影響者對社會(huì)流行的影響遠(yuǎn)比一般認(rèn)為的要?。┛芍?，“兩級傳播理論”在營銷中的作用不大，A項(xiàng)“是作為營銷問題的解決方案”不符合原文；根據(jù)第二段第三句Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.（這一理論似乎也解釋了某些外觀、品牌或社區(qū)的突然和意外的流行）中的seems（似乎）可知，作者不太認(rèn)為該理論解釋了某些流行趨勢發(fā)生的原因，故B項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)幫助解釋了某些流行趨勢”錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“贏得了有影響力的人的支持”在文中沒有提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

58.推理判斷題。題干意思是“研究人員最近的觀察表明……”。第四段第三句指出Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon.（但是，要使一種社會(huì)流行潮真正形成，每一個(gè)受影響的人必須接著去影響他或她的熟人，這些熟人再去影響他們的熟人，如此循環(huán)下去），由此可以推斷，影響是通過不斷與人互動(dòng)接觸而傳播的，故A項(xiàng)“影響的力量與社會(huì)互動(dòng)有關(guān)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“通過媒體可以加強(qiáng)人際聯(lián)系”、C項(xiàng)“有影響力的人有更多的渠道接觸公眾”和D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)名人都受到媒體的廣泛關(guān)注”都沒有提到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

59.推理判斷題。題干意思是“第四段中下劃線的短語‘thesepeople’指的是哪些人？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第三句andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.（這些人中的每個(gè)人能得到多少人的關(guān)注與最初的有影響力的人沒有多大關(guān)系），通過該句的上文Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon（但是，要使一種社會(huì)流行潮真正形成，每一個(gè)受影響的人必須接著去影響他或她的熟人，這些熟人再去影響他們的熟人，如此循環(huán)下去）可知，thesepeople指的是“受到影響再去影響別人的人”，所以C項(xiàng)“受到影響，然后再影響他人的人”正確，且D項(xiàng)“受到最初的影響的人”與原文不符合；A項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì)影響的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的人”和B項(xiàng)“與影響力的來源接觸很少的人”在該處未提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

60.推理判斷題。題干意思是“什么是社會(huì)影響動(dòng)態(tài)中的基本要素？”。根據(jù)文章最后一句Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，所謂的“全球級聯(lián)”——即影響力通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣泛傳播——的主要要求不是存在少數(shù)有影響力的人，而是存在一大批容易受影響的人）可知，要傳播社會(huì)影響，主要要求是需要存在愿意受影響的人，故C項(xiàng)“愿意受影響”正確；A項(xiàng)“渴望被接受”、B項(xiàng)“影響他人的沖動(dòng)”和D項(xiàng)“依賴他人的傾向”都不符合原文。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

OntheafternoonofJuly2,1936,NaziSSleaderHeinrichHimmlerandacoterieofhisseniorofficersparadedonfootthroughthewindingcobblestonestreetsofQuedlinburg,oneofthemostperfectlypreservedmedievalcitiesinallEurope.Himmler’sstaffhadbeenplanningthetriptothesmallcityincentralGermanyforweeks.Theyorderedthestreetstobecleanedandtheoldhousesalongthemainthoroughfarestobepainted.TheydrapedNazibannersfromtherooftopsandgarlandsalongthewalls.TheyrehearsedtheSSband,drilledthelocalchapterofHitlerYouthandarrangedforanSSphotographertorecordtheproceedingsfrombeginningtoend.Nothingofimportancewasoverlooked.

Dressedinashinyblackhelmet,immaculateblackuniformandtallblackboots,Himmlermadehiswayupthecity’sCastleHill.Paleandanemic-looking,withaspindlyframeandaheadoneortwosizestoosmallforhisbody,helookedstrangelyoutofplaceamonghisentourageoftall,athletic-lookingSSmen.HestoppedtoadmireQuedlinburg’ssplendidstonecastle,thenproceededtoitslargemedievalcathedral—theultimateobjectofhispilgrimage.HimmlerdespisedChristianity,areligionthatpreachedcompassionfortheweakandthebrotherhoodofallmenandacceptedaJewasthesonofGod.ButtheQuedlinburgcathedralguardedsomethingofimmenseimportancetohim—thetombofanobscure10th-centuryGermanking,HeinrichI.

Himmlerwasenthralledbyancienthistory,andhewantedallSSmentosharehispassion.Indeed,heregardedthefeudalpastasablueprintforthefuturegloryoftheThirdReich.HeviewedHeinrichIasagreatleaderwhocouldserveasamodelforAdolfHitlerandplannedtotransformthecathedral’sdustytombintoanSSshrine.HimmlerstoodatthefootofthecryptandgaveaspeechexhortinghisofficerstopaycarefulheedtoGermany’sproudancientpast,“Justasatreewithersifitsrootsareremoved,soapeoplefalliftheydonothonortheirancestors,”helaterwarned.

Foryears,scholarsoftheThirdReichhaveridiculedHimmler’sintenseinterestintheGermanpast,dismissingoccasionssuchashisvisittoQuedlinburgasthefoolishnessofafanaticdrunkonpower.EvensomeseniorNazispokedfunathisardorforhistory.AsAlbertSpeer,Hitler’sformerchiefarchitect,jeeredafterthewar,Himmler“washalfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.ButHimmlerwasdeadlyseriousaboutreturningtheThirdReichtothelostgoldenageofhisimagination.In1935hefoundedalargeSSresearchinstitute,employingmorethan100GermanscholarstostudythepastandhelptutorSSmeninthewaysoftheirancestors.Withsuchresearch,heintendedtotransformvaststretchesoftheReichintomedievalfiefdomsruledbySSlords,aplanhebeganactingonbeforethewar.Farfrombeingadreamerlostinfantasy,Himmlerwasacareful,methodicalplannerwhoworkeddiligentlytowardthissinisterfutureinmuchthesametirelesswaythathelaboredoncreatingtheconcentrationcampsystemandimplementinga“finalsolution”.Indeed,thesewerethetwinpolesofhisexistence,theyinandyangofhisworld:thesqualid,crowdedcampsandthesunnySSfarmvillages.

Himmlersetaboutconstructingthisfutureinthreeways.Herecruitedtall,blond-hairedmentotheSSinordertoscientificallyrebreedwhathebelievedwasaprimevalmasterrace.Withthehelpofhisresearchers,heinstructedSSmenandtheirfamiliesinancientGermanreligion,loreandfarmingpractices.Andbeforethewarstarted,hebeganinstallingSSfamiliesin“feudal”villagesofnewlyfabricatedmedieval-stylehouses.HeplannedtocreatethousandsoftheseantiquecoloniesinconqueredlandsacrossEasternEurope.Inthisway,Himmlerhopedtogivebirthtoanewgoldenage,therebyreversingthedeclineofWesterncivilizationandrescuinghumanityfromitsmire.Thiswassocialengineeringinitsmostswaggering,arrogantform—utopianismgonehorriblywrong.ButHimmler,whorosetobecomethesecondmostpowerfulmanintheReichbyearly1945asHitler’shealthfailed,follyintendedtocarryoutthatplanifNaziGermanywonthewar.OnlycrushingdefeatbytheAlliesstoppedhim.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressionsisclosestinmeaningto“coterie”？

2.WhichofthefollowingphrasesbestdescribeshowHimmlerintendedallSSmentoassimilateGermany’sfeudalpast?

3.Fromthispassage,itisclearthatHimmlerprimarilyintended（

）.

4.ForAlbertSpeerHimmlerwas“halfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.Inwhichofthefollowingisthemeaningofthisquoteclosest?

5.Fortheauthor,Himmlerwouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aselectedgroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotherfrequently.

B.Alargenumberofpersonswithwhomonemightmeetonsocialoccasions.

C.Anindiscriminategroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotheronrareoccasions.

D.Alargenumberofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanothertodiscusspoliticalmatters.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Esotericcultandpractices.

B.Eccentricapproach.

C.Catatonicstate.

D.Histrionicdisorder.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tobringancientagriculturalpracticesinto20thcenturyGermany

B.toreturntoaprosperouseraduringwhichtheGermanpeoplelivedinidealhappiness

C.toencouragethedevelopmentofmulticulturalisminameltingpotsociety

D.toeliminateallthosewhocouldhavethreatenedhisrisetopower

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastwasregardedasabsurd.

B.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedintenserivalryamongotherprominentNazileaders.

C.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedwidespreademulationamongstotherprominentNazileaders.

D.OthershadtheprivilegeofstudyingtheaweinspiringbreadthanddepthofHimmler’