考研考博-英語-吉林動畫學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林動畫學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.

FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.

Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.

In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?

2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.

3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.

4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.

5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.

問題1選項

A.Greatbreakthroughs

B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower

C.Scienceandcompetition.

D.Internationalcompetition.

問題2選項

A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork

B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”

C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing

D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod

問題3選項

A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses

B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting

C.wasthefatherofmodemcomputers

D.triedascientificmanagementapproach

問題4選項

A.scientificandhuman

B.efficientbutslave-driving

C.academicbutpracticable

D.brutalbuthighlysuccessful

問題5選項

A.purchasedasteelmill

B.soldasteelmill

C.startedtoprotectenvironment

D.leftahugeschooloffollowers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.可知，科學(xué)和競爭為工業(yè)效率的提高提供了方法和必要性。”而文章第一段主要講的是科學(xué)給工業(yè)帶來的突破以及競爭的必要性。綜合考慮以上內(nèi)容，要提高生產(chǎn)效率，那么科學(xué)和競爭是必需的。因此C項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。通過文章第三段中“...buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork（但使他出名的卻是他將科學(xué)方法應(yīng)用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中應(yīng)用科學(xué)的管理方法而聞名于世。因此，正確答案是A項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段CharlesBabbage...appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.可知，英國科學(xué)家CharlesBabbage在程序成本核算中，成功運用了科學(xué)的管理方法，被認為是成本核算之父。因此，正確答案是D項。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor...emphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave-drivingmethodscommoninhisday”可知，泰勒強調(diào)的是人性化的方法，而非當(dāng)時常見的奴隸式的方法。動詞短語emphasizeAoverB表示“與B相比更強調(diào)A”。因此，泰勒強調(diào)管理方法的科學(xué)性和人性化。本題正確答案為A項。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文最后一句Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.可知，泰勒于1975年去世，而他的大批追隨者則繼續(xù)在世界各地推廣他的方法。因此，D項是正確答案。

2.單選題

Whathesaidinthemeeting（）everybodypresent.

問題1選項

A.repelled

B.dismissed

C.disposed

D.eliminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項repel“抵制，使厭惡”；B選項dismiss“解散，不予考慮”；C選項dispose“處理，處置”；D選項eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：他說的話令在場的所有人厭惡。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

3.單選題

OnourwaytoBeijing,wevisitedXi’an,acityoftwomillion（）,andstayedtherefortwodays.

問題1選項

A.insects

B.human

C.inhabitants

D.flights

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項insect“昆蟲，卑鄙的人”；B選項human“人，人類”；C選項inhabitant“居民，居住者”；D選項flight“飛行，班機”。句意：在去北京的途中，我們參觀了有200萬人口的城市西安，并在那里呆了兩天。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

4.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposedhisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappealtobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolenceasifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterthenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,Wewouldnothavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk，’’theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessary,prerequisitetoWisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen

（

）.

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means

（

）.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（

）.

問題1選項

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesViolenceasaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問題2選項

A.violenceneversolvesanything

B.nothing

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing

D.everything

問題3選項

A.can’tgetahearing

B.arelookeddownupon

C.arepersecuted

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement

問題4選項

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument

問題5選項

A.lawenforcement

B.knowledge

C.nonviolence

D.moppinguptheviolent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是……”。文章提到有些國家的人傾向于用暴力解決問題，這種行為甚至被認為是理所當(dāng)然的（Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned），接著又提到暴力解決不了問題，只會讓問題更尖銳（Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute），因此，選項B“暴力不能解決任何種族糾紛”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的“有記錄的歷史教會我們……”。文章第一段提到“人類有記載的那些關(guān)于暴力的歷史完全沒有教我們?nèi)魏螙|西”（Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing），因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“可以推斷真正理智的人……”。文章第二段第一二句提到“真正理智的人會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的方法越來越難以被傾聽。他們被自己的同類鄙視，不信任、甚至迫害，因為他們宣揚的是讓他人憤怒的事情”（Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement），選項D“在支持執(zhí)法上遇到困難”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“‘Hewasnonethewiser’意味著……”。文章第三段提到“聽了一場冗長的辯論后，法官抱怨說，聽了這番話，他還是一竅不通”（Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser），因此選項C“傾聽后他什么都沒得到”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來，消除種族歧視問題的最好辦法是……”。文章第二段最后一句話提到“只要我們在法律框架內(nèi)努力，真正的與長久的解決辦法將有可能”（Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw），選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Aspeople’slivingstandardsimprove,thehealthandbeautybusinessis（）withmoresophisticatedproductsthaneverbefore.

問題1選項

A.astonishing

B.flourishing

C.exaggerating

D.diminishing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項astonishing“令人驚訝的”；B選項flourishing“繁榮的，繁茂的”；C選項exaggerating“夸張的，夸大的”；D選項diminishing“逐漸縮小的，遞減的”。句意：隨著人們生活水平的提高，健康和美容行業(yè)正（），產(chǎn)品比以往任何時候都更加精致。這里表達的意思是“美容行業(yè)正在繁榮發(fā)展”，因此B選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Allworkers,regardlessoftheirsexandeducation,arerequiredto（）attheageof60.

問題1選項

A.resign

B.retire

C.regain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指退休，只有選項B符合要求。

7.單選題

BBC’sCasualtyprogrammeonSaturdayeveninggaveviewersavoteastowhichoftwopatientsshouldbenefitfromadonation.Butitfailedtotellusthatwewouldnotneedtomakesomanylife-and-deathdecisionsifwegottogripwiththechronicorganshortage.

Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety.Onedepressingconsequenceofthisisthatasignificantnumberofthoseonthewaitinglisttakeofftoforeigncountriestopurchaseanorganfromalivingthird-worlddonor,somethingthatisforbiddenintheUnitedKingdom.Thepoorhavenooptionbuttowaitinvain.

TheHumanTissueAuthority’spositionontheretentionofbodypartsformedicalresearchafterapost-mortemexaminationisequallyflawed.Thenewconsentformscouldhavebeendraftedbysomeevilpersonseekingtostopthepreciousflowofhumantissueintothepathologicallaboratory.Theformsaresolengthythatdoctorsrarelyhavetimetocompletethemand,eveniftheytry,thewordingissographicthatrelativestendtolegitbeforesigning.Inconsequence,thenumberofpostmortemshasfallenquickly.

ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoin-fecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics.Takethetimidapproachtoembryonicstemcellresearch.TheUnitedStates,forexample,refusesgovernmentfundingtoscientistswhowishtocarryoutpotentiallyground-breakingresearchonthesurplusembryoscreatedbyIVFtreatment.

Senatorsprofesstobeworriedthatembryonicresearchfailstorespectthedignityof“potentialpersonsn.Rarelycansuchavacuousconcepthavefounditswayintoadebateclaimingtoprovideen-lightenment.Whenisthis“potential”supposedtokickin?Incaseyouwerewondering,thesesup-posedlypreciousembryosareatthesamestageofdevelopmentasthosethatareroutinelyterminatedbythepillwithoutanyonecrying.Thankfully,theBritishGovernmenthasrefusedthepositionofthe

UnitedStatesandoperatesoneofthemostliberalregimesinEurope,inwhichlicenceshavebeena-wardedtoresearcherstocreateembryosformedicalresearch.Itispossiblethat,inyearstocome,scientistswillbeabletogroworgansinthelabandfindcuresforarangeofdebilitatingdiseases.

Thefundamentalproblemwithourapproachtoethicsisourinabilitytoseparateemotionfrompolicy.Theonlyfactorthatshouldenterourmoralandlegaldeliberationsisthatofwelfare,aconceptthatismeaninglesswhenappliedtoentitiesthatlackself-consciousness.Neverforgetthattheresearchthatwearesoreluctanttoconductuponembryosanddeadbodiesisroutinelycarriedoutonliving,pain-sensitiveanimals.

1.Whathascausedthechronicorganshortage?

2.Theexpression“pussyfootingaround”(Line1，Paragraph2)mightmean（）.

3.Themoralshortsightednessisrevealedinthefactthat（）

4.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagree?

5.Theauthorismostcriticalof（）

問題1選項

A.Adecreaseindonationrates.

B.Inefficientgovernmentalpolicy.

C.Illegaltradeinhumanorgans.

D.Newsmedia’sindifference.

問題2選項

A.unfair

B.hesitant

C.secret

D.strict

問題3選項

A.thegovernmenthasstoppedtheexperimentonhumantissue

B.thedonationconsentformsaredifficulttounderstand

C.theHumanTissueActisallobstacletoimportantmedicalresearch

D.embryonicresearchshowsdisregardforhumanlife

問題4選項

A.Therichandthepoorareequalinthefaceofdeath.

B.Morescientistsareneededforthemedicaladvancement.

C.Thereisadoublestandardinmedicalethics.

D.Thedeaddeservethesameattentionastheliving.

問題5選項

A.themedia

B.doctors

C.U.S.Legislators

D.theBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第二段指出：Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety。因此政府行為加劇了可移植器官的短缺。B項（政府政策的不作為）正確。

2.語義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一行，該處講到“政府對待尸體問題……，給我們社會中最弱勢的群體一個打擊（givingakickingto）”，后面句子又講到“它造成的一個令人沮喪（depressing）的后果是等待名單上很大一部分人飛到國外從第三世界捐贈者那里購買活體器官，而這在英國是被禁止的”。由此可知，“pussyfootingaround”在這里應(yīng)該表示的是“謹慎的，顧慮重重的”。因此，B項“hesitant（猶豫的；躊躇的）”正確。

3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“moralshortsightedness”定位至第四段：ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoinfecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics（更令人擔(dān)憂的是，《人體組織法案》中明顯的道德短視似乎影響了當(dāng)代醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)辯論的各個方面）。因此，C項（《人體組織法案》是重要醫(yī)學(xué)研究的障礙）正確。

4.態(tài)度題。A項（死亡面前人人平等），B項（更多的科學(xué)家需要醫(yī)學(xué)進步），C項（醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)有雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），D項（死者應(yīng)該與生者獲得同等關(guān)注）。第一段反駁了A項；B選項偷換概念，排除；D項文章沒有體現(xiàn)。因此選項C正確。

4.態(tài)度題。作者是對政府政策持批判態(tài)度的。因此，C項（美國立法者）正確。

8.單選題

6.

問題1選項

A.Hehurthisuncle.

B.Hehurthisankle.

C.Hehasaswollentoe.

D.Heneedsaminorsurgery.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Whereisyourinjury?

M:Here,myankle.

W:Howdidithappen?

M:Itrippedoveronthepavementandtwistedit.Itwasswollenandverypainful.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【解析】細節(jié)題。男士說：Here,myankle，即他傷到了腳踝。

9.單選題

Thedecreaseofhisfeverwasabenignsign.

問題1選項

A.unfavorable

B.favorable

C.harsh

D.unharsh

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項unfavorable“不宜的，令人不快的”，B項favorable“有利的，良好的”，C項harsh“嚴厲的，嚴酷的”，D項unharsh“不苛刻的”。句意：他退燒了是一個好兆頭。根據(jù)句意可知，benign在句中表示“好的”。因此，該題選擇B項。

10.單選題

Congressrecognizedthemoremoneyforbettereducationandjobtrainingis（）tocompetitiveness.

問題1選項

A.adaptable

B.applicable

C.crucial

D.cryst

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項adaptable“適合的，可修改的”；B選項applicable“可應(yīng)用的，合適的”；C選項crucial“重要的”；D選項cryst“結(jié)晶的”。句意：國會意識到，為改善教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)提供更多資金對提高競爭力至關(guān)重要。本句表示“提供資金給教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)對競爭力的作用”，經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)決定上層建筑，一般都有很重要的作用，C選項crucial“重要的”符合句意。因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

LeaksfromEdwardSnowden,asystem’sadministratorturnedwhistleblowerattheNationalSecurityAgency(NSA),America’ssignals-intelligenceagency,haveconfirmedthattheInternetisinsecure,andthatmodernspyagenciescan—anddo,onanindustrialscale—tapvirtuallyanyformofonlinecommunication.ButperhapsthemostacuteembarrassmentsofarhasbeencausedbytherevelationthattheNSAmayhavebeenlisteningtophonecallsmadebytheleadersofAmerica’sallies,mostnotablythoseoftheGermanchancellor,AngelaMerkel.Buthowexactlyisitdone?

Amobilephoneisessentiallyatelephonewitharadioattached.Anyonecanlisteninontheradiowavestravellingbetweenahandsetandthebasestationtowhichitisconnected.Topreventcasualeavesdropping,phonesoften(althoughnotalways)useencryption,whichdisarrangesthedatasothatonlytheintendedrecipientcanmakesenseofit.Butnotallencryptioniscreatedequal.Theencryptionusedinsecond-generation(2G)phones—atechnologythatdatesbackto1991一isweak,andreadilycrackedbymoderncomputers.The3Gstandardincludesstrongerdisarranging,althoughitisstillnotperfect.4G,theneweststandard,currentlybeingusedaroundtheworld,likewiseoffersmorecompetentencryption—althoughdocumentsleakedbyEdwardSnowdensuggestthatthespiesarepressuringmanufacturerstoputsecret“backdoors”intotheirproducts.

Butgettinginvolvedincryptographyisn’talwaysnecessary.Spyagenciescanobtaindetailsfromtelephonecompanies,eitherbyaskingthemtocooperateorforcingthemto.Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.Atahackerconferencein2010,asecurityresearchercalledChrisPagetgaveadetaileddemonstrationofhowthisworks,usinglessthan$2,000ofoff-the-shelfequipment(afakebase-stationcaninstructphonesthatconnecttoittodoallsortsofthings,suchasturnofftheirencryption).Policeforcesaroundtheworlduseasimilargeartosilentlylisteninoncallsmadebytheirtargets.ArecentbookdescribeshowtheFBIhasquietlyremovedseveralsuchfakebase-stations-runbyforeignembassies—fromaroundWashington,D.C.

Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.Modernsmartphonesaregeneral-purposecomputers.Usersstoree-mailsonthem,fixtheirpositionwithsatellitenavigationsystems,andevenusethemforbanking,makingthemveryjuicytargetsindeed.Evenifthephonesthemselvesaresecure,itisfarfromclearhowsecurethebehind-the-scenesserversrunbyGoogleandApple,whichcontroltheAndroidandiOSplatformsrespectively,reallyare.Forthenon-spies,therearecheaper,simpleroptionsthatoftenwork,too.ThisweekseveraljournalistsinBritainarestandingtrialforhackingthevoicemailmessagesofeveryonefromservingpoliticianstomurderedschoolchildren.Theirmethodswerelow-techbuteffective:theysmooth-talkedemployeesofmobile-phonecompaniesintohandingoverthefour-digitpasscodesthatprotecttheircustomers’voicemailaccounts.Orelsetheysimplyguessedthem,bettingthatthephoneownerseitherhadn’tchangedthemfromdefaultsettingsorhadchoseneasy-to-rememberones,suchas1—2—3—4.WhethertheNSAusedlow-orhigh-techmethodstotapMrs.Merkel’sphoneremainsamystery—fornow,atleast.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

2.Howcanencryptionpreventcasualeavesdropping?

3.Accordingtothecontexttheword“impersonate”(Para.3)mightmean“（

）”.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?

問題1選項

A.TorevealhowAngelaMerkelistapped.

B.TonarratethestoryofleaksfromEdwardSnowden.

C.Toexplainhowphonescanbebugged.

D.Toshowtheadvancementofhightechnology.

問題2選項

A.Bystoppingtheusualradiowaves.

B.Bydisconnectingatelephonetoaradio.

C.Bymakingtheinformationincomprehensible.

D.Bycreatingequalcodepages.

問題3選項

A.empower

B.design

C.personify

D.copy

問題4選項

A.Otherillegalmeanstoobtainpersonalinformation.

B.Processofsnatchingtextmessages.

C.ThetrialofseveralBritishjournalists.

D.Adviceofhowtousesmartphonesinproperways.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,文章由第一段愛德華?斯諾登泄密的故事引出手機竊聽,主要目的是為了說明手機是如何被竊聽的,所以選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第三句“Topreventcasualeavesdropping,...recipientcanmakesenseofit.”為了防止偶然的竊聽,手機經(jīng)常(雖然并不總是如此)使用加密技術(shù),加密技術(shù)會打亂數(shù)據(jù)的排列,只有目標(biāo)接收者才能理解這些數(shù)據(jù)。也就是說,使信息無法被旁人所理解,選項C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段第三句“Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.”另一種選擇是模擬移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)本身,建立一個假的基站,并說服目標(biāo)的手機連接到它。根據(jù)“fakebase-station”可以推測,impersonate表示模擬的意思,選項中D帶入原文最接近文意,所以正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.”不只是電話,短信也可以被竊取。選項B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

12.單選題

Seniorcitizens,especiallythoseabove70,are____tosomeprivilegesinmanycountries.

問題1選項

A.enforced

B.engaged

C.enabled

D.entitled

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.enforced強制執(zhí)行B.engaged從事；忙于

C.enabled使能夠D.entitled使享有權(quán)利

【考查點】動詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處填入的是動詞，與其搭配的介詞為to，其賓語為privileges“特權(quán)”，D選項entitled“使享有權(quán)利”能夠滿足語義搭配要求，且常搭配的介詞為to，beentitledtosth“被賦予某種權(quán)利或享有某種資格”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項enforced“（enforcesthon/againstsb/sth）強制執(zhí)行”，與“特權(quán)”及介詞to不搭配；

B選項engaged“（beengagedin/onsth）從事；忙于”，與“特權(quán)”及介詞to不搭配；

C選項enabled“使能夠”，與“特權(quán)”不搭配，語義不完整。

【句意】在許多國家，老年人，尤其是70歲以上的老年人享有一些特權(quán)。

13.單選題

Elaine,Justin’smom,hadsetdownthehouseruleswithself-confidentassurance.Onlythemostobtusepersonwouldhavefailedtounderstand:notattoos,nobodypiercingsandnoco-edsleepoverswhilelivinginthehouseofElaineTuckerBrown.Still,thedayJustinturned18,heliedtohismotheraboutwherehewasgoingandheadedstraighttothetattooparlor,asifimpervioustohismother’swrath.Hegotalightblueheart,thesizeofanorangepermanentlyetchedonhisarm.Abovethisworkofartwastheword“Blessed”.No,Justinwasnotstupid,buthewasobstinate.Elainesawthisasanactofsheerdefiance.Shewasincensed,herangerexacerbatedbythefactthatJustinhadbreezedintothehouse,foundherinthekitchen,takenoffhisshirtwithasmileandsaid,“Gotit!”“No,Justin.Letmetellwhatyou'vegot,”Elainesaidangrily.“You'vegotfiveminutestogoupstairsandpackabag.IamtakingyoutoPop-Pop's.”TheridetoPop-Pop’shousewaschilly,tosaytheleast.ElaineberatedJustinforeverythingshecouldthinkof,whichwasn’tmuchbecausehewasastraightAseniorwithafullacademicscholarshiptohistopcollegepick.Hehadakindheartandstartedafoundationintheninthgrade,whichdonatedusedsportingequipmenttounderprivilegedkidsinSouthAfrica.Elainepulleduptoherfather’sdoorandorderedJustinout.Not10minuteslater,hercellphonerang.“Elaine,haveyoulostit?Youarekickingaboyasgoodashimoutthehouseforatattoo-thatsays‘Blessed’,noless?”herfatherasked,incredulous.“Youwillmisshimsomuch.Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface,Elaine.Comepickthisyoungmanup.”Elaine,havinggrownupobeyingmostofherparents’demands,turnedhercararoundandwentbacktopickupherson.Justinwassurprisinglycontrite.“Sorryforbeingsodisrespectful,Mom,”hesaidearnestly.“Iwilltrytofollowhouserulesfromnowon.”

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?

問題1選項

A.“HouseRules”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”

C.“StraightA’s”

D.“BodyPiercings”

問題2選項

A.cautiouslyjubilant

B.willfullydefiant

C.convincinglycontrite

D.noticeablymelodramatic

問題3選項

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.

問題4選項

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?1.什么標(biāo)題最適合這篇文章？

A.“HouseRules”A.“家規(guī)”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”B.“拜訪爺爺”

C.“StraightA’s”C.“優(yōu)等生”

D.“BodyPiercings”D.“身體穿刺”

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章首尾兩句“賈斯汀的媽媽伊萊恩自信滿滿地定下了家里的規(guī)矩”，以及“從現(xiàn)在開始，我會盡量遵守家里的規(guī)矩”，可以知道，首尾兩句都提到了houserules（家規(guī)）這個詞語，可見本文主要是圍繞家規(guī)展開的。故該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B項“‘拜訪爺爺’”、C項“‘優(yōu)等生’”和D項“‘身體穿刺’”都是文中的細節(jié)，不是主旨，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?2.當(dāng)賈斯汀給他媽媽看紋身時，他是什么態(tài)度？

A.cautiouslyjubilantA.謹慎地高興

B.willfullydefiantB.故意挑釁

C.convincinglycontriteC.令人信服地懺悔

D.noticeablymelodramaticD.引人注目地夸張

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至文章第六、七、八句“不，賈斯汀不笨，但他很固執(zhí)（obstinate）。伊萊恩認為這是公然的挑釁（anactofsheerdefiance）。她被激怒了，賈斯汀輕快地走進房子（Justinhadbreezedintothehouse），發(fā)現(xiàn)她在廚房里，他脫下了襯衫，微笑著（withasmile）說，‘知道了！’”，由Justinhadbreezedintothehouse（賈斯汀輕快地走進房子）和withasmile（帶著微笑）可以看出，賈斯汀的態(tài)度是任性固執(zhí)又帶有挑釁的，B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“謹慎地高興”和D項“引人注目地夸張”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該兩項不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

C項“令人信服地懺悔”，是賈斯汀去了爺爺家之后的態(tài)度，不復(fù)合題干，屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?3.以下哪一個細節(jié)不能讓讀者同情賈斯?。?/p>

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.A.他被描述為固執(zhí)。

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.B.他被描繪成一個善良的人。

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.C.他被描述成一個優(yōu)等生。

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.D.他獲得了大學(xué)全額獎學(xué)金。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文可知，賈斯汀是一個心地善良的人，每門學(xué)科都拿A，獲得了全額獎學(xué)金，這些都是他的優(yōu)點，能夠引起讀者的同情，但他固執(zhí)這一點，無法引起讀者的同情，所以本題選A項“他被描述為固執(zhí)”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】B項“他被描繪成一個善良的人”、C項“他被描述成一個優(yōu)等生”和D項“他獲得了大學(xué)全額獎學(xué)金”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項都是讓讀者同情的地方，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?4.下面哪一項是對段落中劃線習(xí)語的最佳詮釋？

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.A.說一些并不壞的事情。

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.B.試圖教一些太難的東西。

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.C.愛一個人不是因為他所做的事。

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.D.在報復(fù)的過程中傷害了自己。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子所在處，即文章倒數(shù)第五句“不要割下自己的鼻子來和臉過不去（Don’tcutoffyour