考研考博-英語-呂梁學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-呂梁學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itisduetotheinventionofthecomputerthatmanhasbeenabletoworksomany.Acase_____isthesuccessfullaunchingofspaceshuttle.

問題1選項

A.inpoint

B.inquestion

C.inaway

D.inbrier

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項inpoint相關的，恰當的；B選項inquestion討論中的，有問題的；C選項inaway從某種程度上，有點兒；D選項inbrief簡言之。因此，根據句意可知，正是電腦的發(fā)明才使得人們在過去的幾年中創(chuàng)造了這么多的奇跡，一個恰當的例子就是航天飛機的成功發(fā)射。故A項是正確答案。

2.單選題

Webeginbyconsideringthreepolicies—whatwemightcallidealtypesinreversethatnearlyallAmericanswouldrightfullyfindunacceptablefordifferentreasons:understandingwhythesepoliciesareunacceptablecanperhapsguideusasweseektodiscernthemostresponsibleand（

）policy.

問題1選項

A.negligent

B.middle-of-the-road

C.give-and-take

D.prudent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”；B選項middle-of-the-road“中庸的；走中間線路的”；C選項give-and-take“妥協(xié)的；互讓的”；D選項prudent“謹慎的；精明的；明智的”。句意：我們首先考慮三種我們可以稱之為理想類型的政策。反過來，幾乎所有的美國人都會因為不同的原因正當地認為這些政策是不可接受的:理解為什么這些政策是不可接受的，或許可以指導我們尋找最負責任和最……的政策。D選項“謹慎的”更符合題意。

3.單選題

Manyofthemostdamagingandlifethreateningtypesofweathertorrentialrains,severethunderstorms,andtornadoesbeginquickly,strikesuddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallregionswhileleavingneighboringareasuntouched.SucheventasatornadostruckthenortheasternsectionofEdmonton,Alberta,inJuly1987.Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded$250million,thehighesteverforanyCanadianstorm.

ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.Inmostnations,forexample,weather-balloonobservationsaretakenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatlocationstypicallyseparatedbyhundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.

Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.Thecostofequippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweatherstationswasextremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesinvolvedinrapidlycollectingandprocessingtherawweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerehardtoovercome.Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.Radarsystems,automatedweatherinstruments,andsatellitesareallcapableofmakingdetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationoverlargeregionsatarelativelylowcost.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycompileandanalyzethislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthesenewtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,Nowcastingisbecomingareality.

1.Theword“exceeded”inparagraph1mostprobablymeans______.

2.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherefailstopredictsuchashort-livedtornadobecause______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theword“Nowcast”(paragraph3)means______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,______isthekeyfactortomaking“Nowcasts”areality.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepassagemainlydealswith______.

問題1選項

A.addedupto

B.weremorethan

C.wereabout

D.werelessthan

問題2選項

A.thecomputerisnotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents

B.thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictit

C.theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong

D.weatherconditionsinsomesmallregionsarenotavailable

問題3選項

A.awayofcollectingrawweatherdata

B.aforecastwhichcanpredicttheweatherconditionsinthesmallareainanaccurateway

C.anetworktocollectinstantweatherdata

D.amoreadvancedsystemofweatherobservation

問題4選項

A.scientificandtechnologicaladvancessuchasradar,orsatellites

B.computerscientist

C.meteorologists

D.advancedcomputerprograms

問題5選項

A.atornadoinEdmonton,Alberta

B.what’sa“Nowcast”

C.thedisadvantageofconventionalcomputermodelsoftheweatherforecast

D.abreakthroughinweatherforecast

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測題。由題干關鍵詞“exceeded”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded$250million（龍卷風造成的總損失超過2.5億美元），說明“exceeded”在文中是指“超過”的意思。因此B選項“超過”正確。A選項“加起來”，C選項“大約”，D選項“少于”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.（傳統(tǒng)的大氣計算機模型在預測像埃德蒙頓龍卷風這樣短暫的局部風暴方面價值有限，因為可用的天氣數據通常不夠詳細，不能讓計算機仔細研究這些風暴來臨之前微妙的大氣變化。），接著指出conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.（傳統(tǒng)的天氣預報模式能夠較好地預測大范圍的總體天氣情況而不是具體的局部天氣事件），說明傳統(tǒng)的大氣計算機模型不能很好地預測龍卷風是因為一些小區(qū)域的數據采集不到。因此D選項“一些小區(qū)域的天氣狀況無法獲得”正確。A選項“計算機不是用來預測具體的局部事件的”，B選項“計算機不夠先進，無法預測”，C選項“人們收集的天氣數據往往是錯誤的”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.語義推測題。由題干關鍵詞“Nowcast”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.（直到最近，用于精確的、非常短期的預測或“臨近預報”的觀測密集方法還不可行。），由前面的“accurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts”可以推斷出，“Nowcast”在文中是指“準確、及時的天氣預報”的意思。因此B選項“一種可以準確預測小區(qū)域天氣狀況的預報”正確。A選項“一種收集原始天氣數據的方式”，C選項“一個收集即時天氣數據的網絡”，D選項“一個更先進的天氣觀測系統(tǒng)”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯誤。

4.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.（幸運的是，科學和技術的進步已經克服了這些問題中的大多數。），說明解決及時預報困難的關鍵因素是高科技的發(fā)展。因此A選項“科學和技術的進步，如雷達或衛(wèi)星”正確。B選項“計算機科學家”，C選項“氣象學家”，D選項“先進的計算機程序”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯誤。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了某次龍卷風造成的損失，指出傳統(tǒng)的計算機天氣預測模式由于沒有詳細的天氣情況數據而不能對類似于龍卷風的暴風雨做出及時的預報。接著提出直到最近，由于高科技的發(fā)展解決了人們收集天氣數據時的種種問題，才使得Nowcast這種準確、及時的天氣預報成為現實，可知文章主要講述了天氣預報方面的一大突破。因此D選項“天氣預報的突破性進展”最符合文章主旨。A選項“艾伯塔省埃德蒙頓市的一場龍卷風”，B選項“什么是Nowcast”，C選項“傳統(tǒng)的天氣預報計算機模型的缺點”都只講了文章的某一方面，不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A,B,C錯誤。

4.單選題

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey'llsay,"Success."ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericanssinceEuropeansdiscovereda"newworld"intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:in"LettersfromanAmericanFanner"(1782)hewrote:"Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(無拘無束的)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimselfWehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil(干苦力活)，starve,andbleed:Wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld."Thepromiseofalandwhere"therewardsofaman'sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor"drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There'sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican'sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillionseveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,",and"dressingforsuccess."Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe"successful"inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto"makeit"alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe"right"neighborhoods,wearthe"right"clothes,eatthe"right"foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying"therewardsofaman'sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor"(Line10-11,Para.1),theauthormeans（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

4.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

問題2選項

A.themorediligentoneis,thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman'sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany'ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

問題3選項

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswishtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

問題4選項

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statussymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson'swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。根據題干定位到文章第一段中的EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.像HectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeur這樣的早期移民高度贊揚了在這片新土地上發(fā)現的自由和機會。以及Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(無拘無束的)andunrestrained…我們對于這種行業(yè)的無拘無束的和不受限制的精神感到興奮?？芍绹鴫舻暮诵木窬褪亲杂?。答案D

第2題:推理判斷題。根據“becauseeachpersonworksforhimself因為每個人都為自己工作。”以及Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在這片土地上，“一個人辛勤勞動的回報與他勞動的增長成正比”的承諾吸引了來自歐洲的貧困移民，并推動了國家向西部地區(qū)的擴張?！笨芍總€人都為自己打工，越勤勞，賺得就越多。故答案A

第3題:推理判斷題。定位到第二段最后一句todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.今天，在婚姻或家庭中取得成功和在事業(yè)上取得成功一樣重要。可知美國人認為在婚姻或親子關系上的成功與商業(yè)成功同樣重要。故B項“美國人希望在生活的每個方面都取得成功”正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句“Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens這些區(qū)別的象征向我們和其他人保證，我們堅信所有人的基本平等，但我們仍盡最大努力將自己與我們的同胞區(qū)分開來?！笨芍绹鴫舻拿苤幵谟诿绹嘈湃巳似降龋衷诒M力將自己與別人區(qū)分開來。故D項正確。

5.單選題

Itshouldbe

thatasindividualsgiftedstudentsareendowedwithcertainattributeswhichrepresenttheirpotentialsuccessinlife.

問題1選項

A.reminded

B.perceived

C.marked

D.noted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。remind“提醒，使想起”；perceive“理解，認知”；mark“標志”；note“注意；記錄”。句意：要認識到一點：作為個體，有天賦的學生被賦予了某些特性，這些特性代表著他們生命中潛在的成功。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Aheadlinethatisgraphicallysalientinsomewayhasagreaterchanceofcapturingoureye.

問題1選項

A.attractive

B.bright

C.special

D.entertaining

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。salient在句中是“突出的，顯著的”，A選項attractive“具有吸引力的”；B選項bright“鮮明的，愉快的”；C選項special“特別的，突出的”；D選項entertaining“令人愉快的”。句意：一個標題，在一定程度上突出形象，便更加能吸引我們的眼球。根據句意C項正確。

7.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishontheAnswerSheet.

時下，在北京的圖書館、博物館甚至書店里，經常有一些大大小小不同類型的文化講座，這些講座，小而言之，只是一次次知識的宣講，大而言之，則是先進文化的傳播。在這方面，中國現代文學館組織的周末義務講座無疑是開風氣之先、具有示范作用的。這里一時間竟出現了作家學者主動報名講演，聽者以能占有一席之地為榮的局面，可以相信，越來越多的人自覺進入求學殿堂，將大大促進我國國民素質的提升。

【答案】Nowadays,fromlibrariesandmuseumsinBeijingtobookstores,thereareoftenculturallecturesondifferentscalesandvariedsizes.Theselectures,inpracticalterms,arerepeatedknowledgeimpartations.Intheoreticalterms,they’rethedisseminationofadvancedculture.Inthisregard,theweekendlecturesorganizedbytheMuseumofModernChineseLiteratureareundoubtedlypioneeringandexemplary.Here,manywritersandscholarsvolunteertobeenteredforopportunitiestogivelectureswhiletheaudienceishonoredwhengivenaseat.Itcanbebelievedthatmoreandmorepeopleconsciouslyintotheeducationalprograms,whichwillgreatlypromotethenationalqualityofourcitizens.

8.單選題

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion（擁擠）.Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable（可伸縮的）armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer（蜂鳴器）thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresentdayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe（）.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodoisto（）.

5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

問題1選項

A.itspowersource

B.itsdrivingsystem

C.itsmonitoringsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

問題2選項

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem

問題3選項

A.Arail

B.Anengine

C.Aretractablearm

D.Acomputercontroller

問題4選項

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

問題5選項

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Pessimistic

C.Optimistic

D.Cautious

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出：Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes（它應該變得更小、更安全和更經濟且不再由汽油發(fā)動機提供動力，未來的汽車也應該比現在更環(huán)保）。因此A項“它的動力來源”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出：Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion（不管它的動力來源如何，在未來，汽車也將仍然是導致城市交通擁擠的主要因素）。之后的兩個段落就解決這個問題進行了論述。因此，作者主要關心如何解決交通堵塞的問題，故選C項。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:...makecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically(與軌道接觸，它類似于為地鐵列車供電的東西)。因此，A項“鐵軌”正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。第五段指出：Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem（司機將使用電話將目的地指示撥入系統(tǒng)）。因此D項“用電話通知系統(tǒng)他的目的地”正確。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。作者在第一段指出了有關汽車未來的兩個觀點，一是汽車將會被人廢棄，二是汽車依然會是城市交通的主要方式。隨后提到其他權威人士認為汽車在可預見的未來將仍然是一個主要的城市交通工具，后面對未來發(fā)展問題的解決進行探討。由此可見作者對于汽車的發(fā)展是持樂觀態(tài)度的。故選C項。

9.單選題

Afterreceivingthenews,immediate（）wastakenbythelocalgovernmenttostopthediseasespreading.

問題1選項

A.activity

B.adventure

C.action

D.measure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。activity“活動”；adventure“冒險”；action“活動，行動”；measure“測量，措施”。根據關鍵詞take可知此處是表示“采取措施”，因此選項D符合題意。句意：接到消息后，當地政府立刻采取措施防止疾病蔓延。

10.單選題

Hisoriginalityasacomposeris（

）bythefollowinggroupofsongs.

問題1選項

A.exemplified

B.created

C.performed

D.realized

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。exemplify“例證”；create“創(chuàng)造”；perform“執(zhí)行；表演”；realize“意識到；實現”。下面的這些歌曲能夠佐證他是一個原創(chuàng)作曲家。選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent（）oftheworld.

問題1選項

A.impressions

B.foundations

C.complications

D.conceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項impressions“印象，效果”；B選項foundations“基礎，地基”；C選項complications“并發(fā)癥，復雜”；D選項conceptions“概念，設想”。句意：來自不同文化的人對世界有不同的（）。本句表示“不同的人對世界有不同的印象”。因此A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Crushediceisoftenappliedtoinjuries________thereisswelling,toremoveexcessheatgeneratedinthetissues.

問題1選項

A.inthat

B.forthat

C.where

D.which

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：碎冰通常用于腫脹的傷口，以清除組織中產生的多余熱量。從句意來看，從句是為了修飾injuries“傷口”這個名詞，所以后面是定語從句。定語從句中that前面不能接介詞，所以排除A，B；which引導定語從句時，先行詞在從句中作主語，賓語或者表語，而從句不缺成分，所以排除D，答案選C。

13.單選題

ThefunnylookingmanwhomthegirlmetonthestreetofPrincetonwas（）AlbertEinstein.

問題1選項

A.nonebut

B.noneotherbut

C.nootherbut

D.nobodybut

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項nonebut“僅有；無；只有……才”；B選項noneotherbut與noneotherthan意思相同，意為“不是別人，正是……”；C選項nootherbut沒有這種用法；D選項nobodybut“除了……沒有人”。句意：那個女孩在普林斯頓大街上遇到的長相滑稽的男人不是別人，正是阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦。因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.

問題1選項

A.neednothavedressedup

B.mustnothavedressedup

C.didnotneedtodressup

D.mustnotdressup

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。needn’thavedone表示本不必做某事，卻做了。句意：早知道是個小型家庭聚會，我們本不必穿這么正式。因此A選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Whathesaidinthemeeting（）everybodypresent.

問題1選項

A.repelled

B.dismissed

C.disposed

D.eliminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項repel“抵制，使厭惡”；B選項dismiss“解散，不予考慮”；C選項dispose“處理，處置”；D選項eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：他說的話令在場的所有人厭惡。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

16.填空題

bully

democracy

destiny

loyal

renowned

Churchillbelievedthathewas（1）toleadhiscountry.HefoughtasasoldierinWorldWarIandledthecountrytovictoryinWorldWarII.Itseemsironicthataleaderofsuch（2）asChurchillcouldnotcountonthe（3）ofvotersin1945.However,ina（4）country,electorscannotbe（5）,andhehadtotoleratepoliticaldefeataftermilitaryvictory,andoncemoretohiscountryretreat,Chartwell.

【答案】1.destined

2.renown

3.loyalty

4.democratic

5.bullied

【解析】1.句意：丘吉爾相信他注定要領導他的國家。此處應用被動語態(tài)，因此填destined。

2.句意：像丘吉爾這樣聲名顯赫的領導人。此處應用名詞形式，因此填renown。

3.句意：像丘吉爾這樣聲名顯赫的領導人卻不能指望選民的忠誠。此處應用名詞形式，因此填loyalty。

4.句意：在一個民主國家。此處應用形容詞形式，因此填democratic。

5.句意：選舉人是不能被欺負的。此處應用被動語態(tài)，因此填bullied。

17.單選題

TheEuropeanonlinefashionbusinessisfierce.Justaskbackersofone-timehighflierslike,theurbansportswearretailerthattankedlastyear,andD,thestrugglingmen’swearspecialist.Thoseoncestellaronlinebrandsexpandedtoofast,spentmuchmorethantheyearned,andthenlosttheirinvestorsupportafterInternetstocksbeganplummetinglastApril.Themarketssentonlinefashionstoresatoughmessage:Comeupwithbusinessmodelsthatgeneraterevenues.

AfewfirmshaveshownthatnotallonlinefashionshopsareInternetdisasters.Copenhagen-basedH,thedesigner-labeldiscountstore,Sweden’ssportswearvendorSportusandtheItalianshirtsstoreMarcoBracciaredoingwellinaverytoughenvironment.

Haburi'sdistinctivebusinessmodelisanInternetversionofthefactoryoutletwherebrandmanufacturersselldirectlytoconsumersatlowerpricesfromhugeout-of-townshoppingmalls.AconceptusedintheU.S.farmorethaninEurope,andHaburiwantstofillthegap.MichaelVad,Haburi'sCEO,saysthatEurope'sapparelfactoryoutletsectorcouldyield$10billioninsalesannually.

AccordingtoVad,nationalregulationsthatlimitmallsoutsidecitycentershavehamperedthedevelopmentofthissector.“Fortheconsumer,there’sthetwo-hourdrivetothemall,andwhenyougetthereyoudon’tknowwhetheryou’llgetthesizeorcoloryouwant,”saysVad.Bygoingonline,Haburiaimstocuttheretailer'scosts,saveconsumersthelongdrive,anddeliverorderswithintwotofivedays.Haburisplitsnetrevenue50-50withthebrandmanufacturers.

Haburialreadyhasabout30,000onlinecustomers.Theadditional$12millioninvestedinHaburilastJuneindicatesinvestorswillstillbackbusiness-to-consumerInternetcompanies,butonlyiftheyhaveasolidstrategicvisionandnotjustafashionablewhimspurredbyInternethype.SowheredidDressmartandgowrong?“Theyweresupposedtorunoutofmoney.Theywereamongthecompaniesthatonlygotinvestmentmoneyiftheypromisedveryrapidexpansion,”observesOlaAhlvarsson,Stockholm-basedCEOofResultVentureKnowledgeInternational,aventurecapitalfirmthatcontrolsSportus.ButtheruleshavechangedsinceInternetstocksdivedlastyear.

Apparelisdifficulttosellonlinebecausepeopleliketofeelandtouchtheclothestheybuy.Fortheonlineretailer,acquiringtheitems,inspectingthem,cleaningandstoringthembeforeshippingorders,plushandlingreturns,canbeexpensive.“Thecostofcustomerserviceintheapparelbusinessismuchhigherthansellingbooksorevenfurniture,”saysMatthewNordan,aretailanalystatForresterResearch'sAmsterdamoffice.Unlesslinkedtoamajorestablishedoperation,anonlineretailerneedsacompetitiveedge.Forexample,ItalianshirtmakerMarcoBraccisellsexpensivegoodsforhighprofitsandhascorneredanichemarket.Dressmart,ontheotherhand,triedtodotoomuchtoosoon.OriginallyitplannedtosellonlyshirtsandtomaketheordinalSwedishoperationprofitablebeforebranchingout.Butwithinmonthsittriedtogopan-Europeanandselleverythingincludingties,shoesandsportswear,andtorentphysicaloutletsatairports.Dressmart,onthevergeofbankruptcyandsearchingforabacker,hasnowscaledbackandoperatesonlyinSweden.

Ahlvarssonsaysone-year-oldSportus,currentlytradingintheNetherlands,Finland,SwedenandNorway,succeedsbykeepingcoststoaminimum,unlikewhichspentaround$125millioninitsbriefexistence.“Balsoboughtitstechnologyforabout$10million.That’sunrealistic.Wespent$300,000onoursanditworkslikeclockwork,”Ahlvarssonclaims.“IntheInternetworld,theythinktheguywiththemostmarketingmoneywillwin.Itis,infact,theguywiththebestmanagementteamandsupportingorganization.”

Despiteitsapparentsuccess,CEOVadadmitsthattherecentshakeoutinonlineclothesretailershasaffectedHaburi.“We’regoingtopostponeourAsianlaunch.Weneedtobuildourbrandsandgettherightsalesvolumeandbealotsmarter,”hesays.Inotherwords,thesuccessfulonlinefashionretailersaretheonesthatsticktotheirknitting.

1.Theauthorsaysthat“Haburiwantstofillthegap”.Whatdoesitmean?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,ItalianshirtmakerMarcoBracci（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingreasonscontributestothefailureofmanyonlinefashionbusinesses?

問題1選項

A.HaburiwilltrytomakeupthelosscausedbytheplummetedInternetstocks.

B.HaburiwillusethebusinessconceptpopularinAmericaandinEurope.

C.Haburiwillincreaseitsoutputtomakeuptheneedofthecustomers.

D.Haburiwillbuildmoreout-of-townshoppingmallsasAmericansdo.

問題2選項

A.ThefailoftheseonlinefashionbusinessescausedthefallofInternetstocks.

B.Onlinefashionstoreslearnedatoughlesson:onlinefashionshopsaredisastrous.

C.Theonlinebrandshaveneverbeensuccessful.

D.ThoseoncehighflierslikeandDhavetanked.

問題3選項

A.hasobtainedacertainmarketthroughitsspecialoperation

B.haslostitsmarketbecauseofitshighcostofexpansion

C.hasn’tmadeprofitsbecausethehighcostofexpansion

D.hasnowscaledbackandoperatesonlyinSweden

問題4選項

A.Theydon’thavemanagementteamandsupportingorganization.

B.Theirexpansionofoperationistoofastbeforetheymakeprofits.

C.Theydon’thaveenoughmoneytobuynewtechnology.

D.Noinvestorisinterestedinonlinefashionbusinesses.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者所說的‘Haburi想去彌補空白’是什么意思？”文章第四段提到“Vad看來，對市中心之外的商場進行限制的相關國家法規(guī)阻礙了這一方案的發(fā)展”（AccordingtoVad,nationalregulationsthatlimitmallsoutsidecitycentershavehamperedthedevelopmentofthissector）；文章第三段提到Haburi獨特的商業(yè)模式是一種網絡版的工廠直銷店，品牌制造商直接在大型城郊購物中心以更低的價格賣給消費者（Haburi’sdistinctivebusinessmodelisanInternetversionofthefactoryoutletwherebrandmanufacturersselldirectlytoconsumersatlowerpricesfromhugeout-of-townshoppingmalls），由此可知fillthegap的方案就是建立更多的城郊購物中心，選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據文章可知下列哪個選項是正確的？”文章第一段第二句話提到“去問問那些曾經風光一時的企業(yè)的支持者就知道了，這些網絡品牌包括去年遭遇失敗的城市運動服裝零售商和陷入困境的男裝專營商D”（Justaskbackersofone-timehighflierslike,theurbansportswearretailerthattankedlastyear,andD,thestrugglingmen’swearspecialist），可知這些風光無限的企業(yè)現在遭遇困境，因此選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據文章可知，意大利襯衫制作商MarcoBracci……”。文章第六段提到意大利襯衫制作商Marco通過銷售高價商品來獲取高額利潤（Forexample,ItalianshirtmakerMarcoBraccisellsexpensivegoodsforhighprofitsandhascorneredanichemarket），由此可知，Marco通過銷售奢侈品占據了一定的市場，因此選項A符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“以下哪個原因導致了許多在線時尚企業(yè)失?。俊蔽恼碌诹谓榻B了Dressmart，提到Dressmart急于拓展歐洲市場（Dressmart,ontheotherhand,triedtodotoomuchtoosoon.OriginallyitplannedtosellonlyshirtsandtomaketheordinalSwedishoperationprofitablebeforebranchingout.Butwithinmonthsittriedtogopan-Europeanandselleverything…），由此可知它們失敗的原因就在于急切想要擴張業(yè)務，因此選項B符合題意。

18.單選題

Thecaptainperformshisdutieswithgreat_______andallthecrewbelievedthattheycangetoverthestorm.

問題1選項

A.affection

B.suspicion

C.assurance

D.definition

【答案】C

【解析】affection喜愛,影響;suspicion懷疑;assurance確信,斷言,withassurance指有把握地,自信地;definition定義。句意：船長信心十足地履行著他的職責，所有的船員都相信他們能夠戰(zhàn)勝暴風雨。選項C符合句意。

19.翻譯題

Quittingsmokingismoreofamatterofwillpowerthanofindividualchoice,forsmokingiswidelyrecognizedasaddictive.Althoughcounselingandmedicationcani