考研考博-英語-哈密職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈密職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

WalkthroughTimesSquare—you’rebombardedwithadvertising.Anditturnsout,abumblebeemighthaveasimilarfeeling,buzzingthroughafieldofflowers.“Sotheseflowersarethesebillboards,they’readvertisingacommodity,thisdeliciousnectar(花蜜)reward,andbeesareverypickyshoppers”,saysAnneLeonard,apollinationbiologistattheUniversityofNevada,Reno.

Shedescribesaflowerfieldasasortofpollinationmarketplace.“Beesarenectarexperts.Theyarereallygoodatassessingevenreallysmalldifferencesinthesugarconcentrationofnectar.”Theyalsoscopeoutflowershapeandsize,colorandscent.AndnowLeonardandhercolleagueshavediscoveredthatbumblebeesarealsosensitivetopollen.

Theyfoundthatoutbylacingbatchesofcherrypollenwitheithertablesugarorbitterquinine.Andtodisplaythepollentobees,“Wegotreallyintoit—westarted3-Dprintingflowersinourlab.”Andfortheanther—themaleflowerpart,whichpresentsthepollen—pipecleaners.“SoweboughtoutMichael’scraftstoresuppliesofthesepipecleanersandusedtheminourexperiments.”

Itturnsoutbeeswouldreturnagainandagaintothesamecolorflowerthatdispensedsweetpollen,andspendmoretimecollectingthere.Butwhenconfrontedwiththebitterpollen,theysoughtadifferentcoloredflowerfortheirverynextstop.Allofwhichsuggeststhat,inadditiontosavoringnectar,beestastepollentoo—andjudgeflowersbyit.TheresultsareinthejournalBiologyLetters.

Thefindingmeansthatplantshavetofindahappymedium:“Socanyoumakeyourpollenattractiveenoughthatthebeeswillcollectit,butdistastefulenoughthattheywon’tcollecttoomuchofit?”Andthatbalancingact,ofcarefullycalibratedchemistry(校準化學)—it’sjustoneofthemanytransactionsthatplaysoutinthebuzzingpollinationmarketplace,wheretheobjectistomakeasweetprofit.

1.Whatdoestheauthorcompareaflowerfieldto?

2.Whyarebeesdescribedasnectarexperts?

3.WhatareusedtopresentthepollenbyAnneandhercolleaguesintheirexperiments?

4.Howdobeeschoosewheretovisitinaflowerfieldaccordingtothepassage?

5.WhatdoAnneandhercolleagues’researchfindingssuggest?

問題1選項

A.TimesSquare.

B.Acommodity.

C.Abillboard.

D.Ashopper.

問題2選項

A.Becausetheyareabletodetectdifferencesinsugarlevelsofnectar.

B.Becausetheyarecapableofdiscerningdifferenttypesofflowers.

C.Becausetheyknowinstinctivelywheretocollectmorenectar.

D.Becausetheycoulddistinguishsweetpollenfrombitterone.

問題3選項

A.3-Dprinters.

B.Pipecleaners.

C.Sugar.

D.Quinine.

問題4選項

A.Bycolorandscentofflowers.

B.Bytasteofnectarandpollen.

C.Bymalenessorfemalenessofflowers.

D.Byshapeandsizeofflowers.

問題5選項

A.Calibratedchemistryisveryusefulinchangingthestructureofpollen.

B.Attractingmorebeestopollinatecouldmakeplantsmoreproductive.

C.Themorebeestobeattracted,thebetteritwillbeforthepollen.

D.Thetasteofpollencanbecontrolledforcommercialpurpose.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“WalkthroughTimesSquare—you’rebombardedwithadvertising.Anditturnsout,abumblebeemighthaveasimilarfeeling,buzzingthroughafieldofflowers.‘Sotheseflowersarethesebillboards,they’readvertisingacommodity,thisdeliciousnectar(花蜜)reward,andbeesareverypickyshoppers’（走過紐約時代廣場，你會被廣告不斷侵擾。事實證明，熊蜂在嗡嗡地飛過花田時，可能會有類似的感覺。因為這些花朵就像是那些廣告牌，它們在為這些美味可口的花蜜打廣告，而蜜蜂就是那些非常挑剔的消費者）”。由此可知作者把花田比作時代廣場，把花朵比作廣告牌。A選項“時代廣場”；B選項“一種商品”；C選項“廣告牌”；D選項“購物者”。B、C、D選項均不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Beesarenectarexperts.Theyarereallygoodatassessingevenreallysmalldifferencesinthesugarconcentrationofnectar.（蜜蜂是花蜜專家。它們很擅長評估花蜜，即使花蜜糖的濃度存在微小的區(qū)別它們也能感覺到。）”。A選項“因為它們能夠檢測出花蜜中糖分水平的差異”；B選項“因為它們能夠辨別不同種類的花”；C選項“因為它們本能地知道去哪里采集更多的花蜜”；D選項“因為它們可以區(qū)分甜花粉和苦花粉”。B、C、D選項均不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Andtodisplaythepollentobees,‘Wegotreallyintoit—westarted3-Dprintingflowersinourlab.’（為了向蜜蜂展示花粉，‘我們進行了非常深入地研究，我們開始在實驗室用3D技術(shù)打印花朵?！?。A選項“3D打印技術(shù)”正確；B選項“清管器”是為了呈現(xiàn)花藥部分；C選項“甜蔗糖”和D選項“苦奎寧”是為了試驗蜜蜂對花粉味道的評估。因此A選項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Itturnsoutbeeswouldreturnagainandagaintothesamecolorflowerthatdispensedsweetpollen,andspendmoretimecollectingthere.（實驗證明，蜜蜂會在含有甜蔗糖花粉的相同顏色花朵間重復往返，并且花費更多的時間來采集。）”。A選項“根據(jù)花的顏色和氣味”正確；B選項“通過花蜜和花粉的味道”；C選項“通過花的雄性或雌性”；D選項“根據(jù)花朵的形狀和大小”。B、C、D選項均不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Andthatbalancingact,ofcarefullycalibratedchemistry(校準化學)—it’sjustoneofthemanytransactionsthatplaysoutinthebuzzingpollinationmarketplace,wheretheobjectistomakeasweetprofit.（這一精確校準化學的平衡做法，只是蜜蜂授粉市場上進行的眾多交易中的其中一種。該市場的目標是獲得甜蜜的利潤。）”，由此可知市場上很多人為了商業(yè)利潤會人為的控制花粉的味道。A選項“校準化學在改變花粉結(jié)構(gòu)方面非常有用”看似正確，但是聯(lián)系全文以及安妮和同事們的研究，她們試驗的結(jié)果主要還是表明花粉味道的可控性；B選項“吸引更多的蜜蜂授粉可以使植物更多產(chǎn)”和C選項“吸引的蜜蜂越多，花粉就越好”都不符合題意；D選項“為了商業(yè)目的，花粉的味道可以被控制”說法正確，因此D選項正確。

2.寫作題

Asayinggoes“Thepastistheguideforthefuture.”Towhatextentdoyouagreewiththesaying?Youmaybaseyourjudgmentseitheronyourownlifeorworkexperiences,oronsocialdevelopments.Writeanessayofabout400words.

Requirements:Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainidea,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthemainideawithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

【答案】【略】

3.不定項選擇題

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

1.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause（）.

2.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that（）.

4.Theword“arbiters”（line6,paragraph4）mostprobablyreferstothose（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby（）.

問題1選項

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

問題2選項

A.Indifferent.

B.Supportive.

C.Indignant.

D.Apprehensive.

問題3選項

A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

問題4選項

A.whoworkascoordinators

B.whofunctionasjudges

C.whosupervisetransactions

D.whodeterminetheprice

問題5選項

A.thecontinuingacquisition

B.thegrowingtraffic

C.thecheeringWallStreet

D.theshrinkingmarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:本題考查了對細節(jié)的理解。題目問的是并購支持者為什么認為鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)不會形成壟斷。答案要在第二段的前半段中找，因為后半段說的是貨主們的觀點。支持者們認為：“Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.”，意思是：因為要和卡車（指公路運輸）競爭，所以不存在壟斷的可能。所以C選項最符合文章的意思。A項不對，文章說支持者認為合并能降低成本，與競爭沒有關(guān)系。B項沒有根據(jù)。D項把主語和賓語弄反了，而且也不是支持者的觀點，所以也是錯誤的。

第2題:這題和上一題是一樣的。上題問的是支持者的觀點，本題問的是貨主的態(tài)度，要求考生根據(jù)文中所提供的線索做判斷。通過文章中幾處對托運商的描述，如：“Butmanyshipperscomplainthat...”（第二段），“Manycaptiveshippersalsoworry...”（第五段），“Manycaptiveshippersfearthat...”（第五段），我們可以判斷出貨主的態(tài)度是憂慮的，對未來的狀況憂心忡忡。所以D選項是正確的。C項并不對。C項的含義是“憤怒的”。這篇文章是論說性的文章，反映的是各方對鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)合并的趨勢和前景的看法。文中的許多描述用的是將來時，因為是對未來的推測。文中并沒有線索說明貨主們有強烈的敵對情緒，C項言過其實了。

第3題:本題考查了段落細節(jié)的理解。需要考生具有推理能力和引申能力。A項正好與原文意思相反。從第三段第二句中，我們得知鐵路公司合并后，鐵路公司向貨主們收取的費用是以前的20％至30％，所以，應該是“Shipperswillbechargedmorewithoutarivalrailroad.”。B項缺乏依據(jù)，所以也是不對的。C項是正確的，因為文章里說到：貨主們?nèi)粽J為鐵路公司收費不合理，可以向聯(lián)邦政府的機構(gòu)申請降低收費。但是，因為申訴的過程耗時費錢，所以極少人提出申訴。由此，我們可以推斷出受到剝削的貨主們不大可能提出申訴。D項說的是政府能保證鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)的公平競爭。這種說法缺乏依據(jù)。事實上，由于貨主們申訴的困難大，更多時候政府部門不會管。

第4題:該題考查的是考生對于具體詞義的掌握及推測能力?！癮rbiter”的意思是“仲裁者”?？忌梢酝ㄟ^上下文猜測到這個含義。這個詞出現(xiàn)在第四段的最后一句，其實它要表述的內(nèi)容已在前一句體現(xiàn)了：“It'satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.”。由此，我們可以猜測出“arbiter”指的是“thosewhoareinthepositionofdeterminingsomething”，就可得出答案B?？忌鷳溃Z言交流中，重復是一種常用的修辭手段，以強調(diào)某個信息或觀點。文章中也常會利用重復手法。所以，考生猜測詞義時不應只限于一個句子，而應從上下文尋找線索。D項雖有“determine”一詞，但是意思不對。文中說的意思是，因為鐵路對不同的顧客收取的費用不同，這種不公平使鐵路公司無形中決定了托運商的命運（一些托運商的花費就會比其他托運商的高出很多，從而影響了他們的效益），所以鐵路公司就好比是商場中的裁判，能決定誰贏誰輸。D項的含義不準確。

第5題:該題為細節(jié)推斷題，問的是鐵路花費的上漲主要是用于什么事項。根據(jù)題干定位線索在最后一段，“Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother…”，也就是說鐵路還在不斷借錢去收購合并，從這里得出答案為A，A是原文的轉(zhuǎn)述，而B項，文中提到鐵路公司還沒有足夠的錢去增加投資，以滿足快速發(fā)展的交通的需要，但并不是引起成本提高的主要原因，文章的重點也不是交通的問題。C、D項在全文中均未有明顯提及，是錯誤選項。

4.單選題

ApartfromtheMoonandoccasionalcometsandasteroids,Venusisoftenournearestneighbor.ItsorbitbringsitclosertoEarththananyotherplanet—only26millionmilesawayatcertaintimes.Despitethatproximity,foralongtimeitwasgenerallytermed“theplanetofmystery.”ThisisbecausetheatmosphereofVenusissodenseandsocloud-ladedthatitssurfaceispermanentlyhiddenfromsight.

ThefirstattempttolearnmoreaboutVenuswastoanalyzeitsupperatmosphereusingspectroscopicmethods.Insizeandmass,VenusisalmosttheequalofEarth,anditsgravitationalfieldisonlyslightlyweakerthanours,sothatlogicallyitmightbeexpectedtohavethesamekindofatmosphere—butthisisemphaticallynotso.Scientistsfoundthatthemainconstituentofitsatmosphereiscarbondioxide.Sincethisisaheavygasthatwouldbeexpectedtosink,itwasreasonabletoassumethatcarbondioxidemadeupmostoftheatmospheredowntogroundlevel.Carbondioxideactsinthemannerofagreenhouse,trappingtheSun’sheat,soitfollowedthatVenuswaslikelytobeaverytorridsortofworld.

Yetopinionsdiffered.Accordingtoonetheory,thecloudscontainedagreatdealofwater.Itwasevenclaimedthatthesurfacemightbelargelyoceancovered,inwhichcase:theatmospherecarbondioxidewouldhavefouledthewaterandproducedseasofsodawater.AnotherintriguingtheorymadeVenusverysimilartotheEarthofover200millionyearsago.Therewouldbemarshes,luxuriantvegetationofthefernandhorsetailvariety,andprimitivelife-formssuchasgiantdragonflies.Ifso,thenVenusmightpresumablyevolvethesamewayEarthhasdone.

In1962theAmericanprobeMariner2bypassedVenusatlessthan22,000milesandgaveusourfirstreliableinformation.Thesurfaceprovedtobeveryhotindeed;wenowknowthatthemaximumtemperatureisalmost500°C.Theatmospherereallyisalmostpurecarbondioxide,andthoseshiningcloudsarerichinsulfuricacid.Allideasofapleasant,oceanicVenushadtobeabandoned.In1975Venera9,aRussianautomaticlander,visitedVenusandsentbackpicturesdirectlyfromthesurface.Thescene—arocky,scorchedlandscape—couldhardlybemorehostile.Subsequentprobeshaveconfirmedthisimpression.

WhyisVenussounlikeEarth?TheanswercanonlylieinitslesserdistancefromtheSun.ItseemsthatintheearlydaysofthesolarsystemtheSunwaslessluminousthanitisnow,inwhichcaseVenusandEarthmayhavestartedtoevolvealongthesamelines,butwhentheSunbecamemorepowerfulthewholesituationchanged.Earth,at93millionmiles,wasjustoutofharm’sway,butVenus,at67million,wasnot.Thewaterinoceansvaporized,thecarbonatesweredrivenoutoftherocks,andinarelativelyshorttimeorthecosmicscale,Venuswastransformedfromapotentiallylife-bearingworldintotheinfernooftoday.

25.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto______.

26.Thestatement“Insize...so”(boldinParagraph2)functionsprimarilyto______.

27.Theprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraphisto______.

28.Inorderforthehypothesisin“Therewould...dragonflies”(boldinParagraph3)tobecorrect,whichstatementcouldNOTbetrueofconditionsonVenus?

29.Thestatementin“In1962…information”(boldinParagraph4)suggeststhatthe______.

30.Thetoneofthestatementin“Theanswer...Sun”(boldinParagraph5)isbestdescribedas______.

問題1選項

A.criticizethelackofresearchonatopicofmystery

B.speculateaboutlifeonanotherworld

C.lamentthefailureofacompellingtheory

D.illustratetheprinciplesofplanetaryresearch

問題2選項

A.discussaplausiblesupposition

B.mockashockingclaim

C.improveanacceptedopinion

D.summarizeaparticularexperiment

問題3選項

A.provideevidenceinsupportofacontroversialtheory

B.challengetwopopularmisconceptionsaboutVenus

C.suggestthatVenushasbeenromanticizedthroughouthistory

D.presenttwodistincttheoriesaboutVenus

問題4選項

A.Theenvironmentisgenerallywarmandhumid.

B.Theatmosphereispurecarbondioxide.

C.Thereisenoughlightforphotosynthesistooccur.

D.Creaturesareabletoflywithease.

問題5選項

A.qualityofthedatasurprisedthescientists

B.evidencecollectedearlierwasrelativelyuntrustworthy

C.recordshadbeenlostforalongtimebeforescientistsrediscoveredthem

D.probeallowedscientiststoformulateacompletelynewtheory

問題6選項

A.regretful

B.skeptical

C.decisive

D.amused

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】25.【選項釋義】

25.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto______.25.這篇文章的主要目的是______。

A.criticizethelackofresearchonatopicofmysteryA.批評缺乏對神秘主題的研究

B.speculateaboutlifeonanotherworldB.推測另一個世界的生命

C.lamentthefailureofacompellingtheoryC.哀嘆一個令人信服的理論的失敗

D.illustratetheprinciplesofplanetaryresearchD.說明行星研究的原則

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，文章主要是對金星神秘之謎的探討，前三段分別對各方理論說法進行了客觀分析，最后兩段作者用科學事實和實驗結(jié)論證實了自己的觀點，同時也批評了各方不合理的理由和不合邏輯的論證方法，A選項表述符合文章主旨。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項只是部分提及，屬于以偏概全；

C選項中的lament在文中并沒有體現(xiàn)，與原文不符，屬于曲解原文；

D選項沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

26.【選項釋義】

26.Thestatement“Insize...so”(boldinParagraph2)functionsprimarilyto______.26.第2段中加粗的陳述“Insize…so”的作用主要是______。

A.discussaplausiblesuppositionA.討論一個貌似合理的假設

B.mockashockingclaimB.嘲笑令人震驚的聲明

C.improveanacceptedopinionC.改善一個已被接受的意見

D.summarizeaparticularexperimentD.總結(jié)一個特定的實驗

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到第二段加粗的那句話，在第二句“金星的大小和質(zhì)量幾乎與地球相當，它的重力場只比地球微弱一點，因此從邏輯上講，金星可能具有與地球相同的大氣層，但事實顯然不是這樣的”，這里將金星和地球進行類比并做出了一些推斷，但是從后面的but可知，這個類比結(jié)果作者并不支持，所以這句加粗的陳述是為了討論一個看起來合理的假設，A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項中的mock并不恰當，屬于曲解原文；

C、D選項沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。

27.【選項釋義】

27.Theprimarypurposeofthethirdparagraphisto______.27.第三段的主要目的是為了______。

A.provideevidenceinsupportofacontroversialtheoryA.為一個有爭議的理論提供證據(jù)支持

B.challengetwopopularmisconceptionsaboutVenusB.挑戰(zhàn)兩個流行的關(guān)于金星的誤解

C.suggestthatVenushasbeenromanticizedthroughouthistoryC.暗示金星在歷史上一直被浪漫化

D.presenttwodistincttheoriesaboutVenusD.提出關(guān)于金星的兩種截然不同的理論

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位至文章第三段，該段以Yetopinionsdiffered（然而，意見不同）開頭，提出了另外兩個不同的理論。根據(jù)最后一句“如果是這樣的話，那么金星可能會像地球一樣進化”，可以推測，第三段描述的兩個理論僅僅是猜測而已，并不正確，B項的意思與之相符。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項中的“證據(jù)支持”并沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有；

C選項與該段無關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項表述不夠準確，屬于曲解原文。

28.【選項釋義】

28.Inorderforthehypothesisin“Therewould...dragonflies”(boldinParagraph3)tobecorrect,whichstatementcouldNOTbetrueofconditionsonVenus?28.為了使第三段加粗的“Therewould...dragonflies”的假設是正確的，下列哪一種說法對于金星的條件是不正確的？

A.Theenvironmentisgenerallywarmandhumid.A.這里的環(huán)境通常溫暖而潮濕。

B.Theatmosphereispurecarbondioxide.B.大氣是純二氧化碳。

C.Thereisenoughlightforphotosynthesistooccur.C.有足夠的光來進行光合作用。

D.Creaturesareabletoflywithease.D.生物能夠輕松地飛翔。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第三段倒數(shù)第二句加粗部分“那里將會有沼澤，蕨類植物和馬尾草種類的茂盛植被，以及原始的生命形式，如巨大的蜻蜓”，這里假設金星存在生命，結(jié)合選項可知，如果假設成立，B項是錯誤的，所以該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均支持該假設。

29.【選項釋義】

29.Thestatementin“In1962…information”(boldinParagraph4)suggeststhatthe______.29.第四段加粗的“In1962…information”陳述表明______。

A.qualityofthedatasurprisedthescientistsA.數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量讓科學家們感到驚訝

B.evidencecollectedearlierwasrelativelyuntrustworthyB.早期收集的證據(jù)相對不可信

C.recordshadbeenlostforalongtimebeforescientistsrediscoveredthemC.在科學家重新發(fā)現(xiàn)它們之前，記錄已經(jīng)丟失了很長一段時間

D.probeallowedscientiststoformulateacompletelynewtheoryD.探測器使科學家形成了一種全新的理論

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第四段第一句加粗部分“1962年，美國探測器‘水手2號’在不到22000英里的地方繞過金星，給了我們第一個可靠的信息（firstreliableinformation）”，從first可以表明之前提到的理論證據(jù)都是不可信的，所以B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A、C選項都沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項在文中只提到reliableinformation（可靠的信息），并不等于completelynewtheory（全新的理論），該項屬于曲解原文。

30.【選項釋義】

30.Thetoneofthestatementin“Theanswer...Sun”(boldinParagraph5)isbestdescribedas______.30.第五段加粗的“Theanswer...Sun”陳述的語調(diào)可以被描述為______。

A.regretfulA.遺憾的，惋惜的

B.skepticalB.懷疑的

C.decisiveC.決定性的，堅定的

D.amusedD.覺得好笑的

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第五段第二句加粗部分“答案只能（only）在于它離太陽的距離更小”，這里是用設問的方式回答了金星神秘之謎，由only可知，作者對答案很確定，所以該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

5.單選題

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafety-pinswere（）alloverthefloor.

問題1選項

A.sprayed

B.separated

C.dispersed

D.scattered

【答案】D

【解析】spray噴霧,噴射；separate分離,隔開；disperse分散,多指把一群人或物等徹底驅(qū)散；scatter指人或物向四處散開,或把物隨意撒開。句意：回形針、圖釘和安全別針散落在地板上。所以選項D正確。

6.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoatanevenearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolutiontheshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（擾亂）European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvy（精通技術(shù)的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegativedarkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanidealwomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufrnann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon’tlastlongiftheystartatall.EppendorfablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdidgiveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問題2選項

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmericanstylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

問題3選項

A.warmandlightheated

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問題4選項

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問題5選項

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe"irresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury.（一位法國社會學家認為，從家庭生活到獨處生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，是上個世紀“不可抗拒的個人主義勢頭”的一部分）可知A選項“他們受到強烈的個人主義的驅(qū)使”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.（在歐洲從社會民主向更尖銳、更個人主義的美國式資本主義轉(zhuǎn)變的過程中，當代的獨居者逐漸成熟）可知B選項“歐洲社會越來越接近美國式的資本主義”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoiceTheywereyoung,beautifulandstrong!（最新一批單身人士是三四十歲的高收入者，他們越來越認為獨居是一種生活方式的選擇……他們年輕，漂亮，強壯?。┛芍狣選項“健康和富有”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.（我總是做我想做的事：過一種自主的生活）可知A選項“一些現(xiàn)代女性更喜歡個人自由的生活”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了越來越多的歐洲人選擇在年輕時保持單身；第二段講述了歐洲經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展促進了獨立趨勢，使人們具有獨立生活的能力；第三段講述了越來越多的高收入者選擇獨居生活；第四段舉例人們選擇單身的原因與個人事業(yè)發(fā)展有關(guān)。本文一直都是圍繞單身這個主題來展開闡述，已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢，因此C選項“研究年輕人獨居的趨勢”符合題意。

7.單選題

Iquizmyselfonceinawhile:HowmanyofficialSouthAfricanlanguagescanIname?Thereareeleven-Afrikaans,English,Ndebele,Pedi,Sotho,Swazi,Tsonga,Tswana,Venda,Xhosa,andZulu—butIusuallyget（1）aroundsixorseven.IoftenwonderhowtheSouthAfricangovernmentcan（2）themall.Itturnsoutthattheyreallycan’t.

Manylanguagesareregulatedbysomekindofauthority,suchasSpain’sRealAcademiaEspanola(agovernmentbody)orFrance’sAcademieFrancaise(moreofanoutsideadvisor).SouthAfrica’selevenlanguagesareallregulatedbythechronicallyunderfundedPanSouthAfricanLanguageBoard,agovernmentaldepartment.Englishisinnodanger,ofcourse.Afrikaansismostlyregulatedbyaseparatebody.Asaresult,PanSALBconcernsitselfmostly（3）thenineofficialBantulanguages,aswellasKhoi,SanandSouthAfricanSignLanguage.

IwrotelastweekthatliteratureinsouthernAfricanlanguagesis（4）beforeeverhavingachancetobe（5）.Yes,therearesocialandhistoricalreasonswhyliteraturedevelopmenthasbeen（6）.Butsomeblamerests（7）PanSALB,thesoleinstitutiondedicatedtotheselanguages.Itisrepeatedlyaccusedofcorruptionandmismanagement.Duringarecentinquiry,itwasuncooperative.Theparliament’sculturecommitteehasvotedtoreducefundingforPanSALBuntilit“gotitshousein（8）”,afterwonderingaloudinAprilhowitsbudgetof56mrand($6.9m)producedsolittle.ThandileSunduza,thechairwomanofthecommittee,thinksitbesttoeliminatePanSALBaltogether,sayinginMay“Thereisnothingthathasbeendone-noprogram,nothing,anymoney.Thereisnothing.”

Tobesure,mismanagementis（9）inSouthAfrica’sgovernment.EvenifPanSALBwereabletoproducetextbooksin,say,Pedi,recenteventssuggestthattheywouldnever（10）ittoPedi-speakingstudentsinLimpopoprovince.Butforinfantliteratures,PanSALB’sincompetencecouldbefatal.PanSALBistheonlymajorfundingandsuppor