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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-商丘工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題
Bysigningtheleasewemadea(
)topayarentof$200aweek.
問題1選項
A.conception
B.commission
C.commitment
D.confinement
【答案】C
【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項conception“概念,設(shè)想”;B選項commission“委員會;傭金”;C選項commitment“承諾,保證”;D選項confinement“限制,監(jiān)禁”。句意:通過簽訂租約,我們承諾每周支付200美元的租金。選項C符合句意。
2.填空題
Shesenthima(wool)()sweaterashisbirthdaygift.
【答案】woolen
【解析】放在名詞前,應(yīng)該用形容詞。?
3.單選題
Whenwedrovealong,wesawheavywispsofsmokefromfactorychimneys()upintotheair.
問題1選項
A.ascending
B.fluctuating
C.spiraling
D.charging
【答案】A
【解析】ascendupinto...為固定搭配,表示“上升,升向”。這里指煙囪里的煙升向天空,選項A正確。
4.單選題
Theproperty-richbutcredit-starvedhomeownersareeasytargetsforsecond-mortgagecompanies,whosesalespeopleusephonedirectoriesor()door-to-doorintargetedzipcodes.
問題1選項
A.fickle
B.canvass
C.boon
D.deride
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞和動詞辨析。A選項fickle“浮躁的,易變的”;B選項canvass“游說,推銷”;C選項boon“愉快的,慷慨的”;D選項deride“嘲笑,嘲弄”。句意:那些擁有大量房產(chǎn)但缺乏信貸的房主很容易成為次級抵押貸款公司的目標(biāo),這些公司的銷售人員利用電話號碼簿或在目標(biāo)郵政編碼地區(qū)挨家挨戶進(jìn)行推銷。本句表示向目標(biāo)房主進(jìn)行推銷。因此B選項正確。
5.單選題
______isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.
問題1選項
A.What
B.As
C.It
D.That
【答案】B
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:人們普遍認(rèn)為,經(jīng)濟增長取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。as引出非限定性定語從句時,代替整個主句,對其進(jìn)行說明,通常均由逗號將其與主句隔開。B選項As符合題意,其余選項語法錯誤。因此B選項正確。
6.單選題
Mostcharismatic(有魅力的)leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(趣聞軼事).Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.
Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.
Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.
Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped(狹窄的)spacethatyouknowwell.”
Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.
Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.
1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?
2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe(
).
3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat
(
).
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive(
).
問題1選項
A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.
B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.
C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.
D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.
問題2選項
A.interesting
B.morecomfortable
C.closetonature
D.isolated
問題3選項
A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment
B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats
C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe
D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges
問題4選項
A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.
B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.
C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.
D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.
問題5選項
A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees
B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers
C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter
D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一個低職位員工違抗高級別領(lǐng)導(dǎo),是為了履行其工作職貴),由此可知答案選C“因為她是一個有責(zé)任心的員工”。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亞特蘭大一個被隔離且沉悶的動物園內(nèi)生活27年的大猩猩),可知D項“隔離的”正確。
3.判斷推理題。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(無論新環(huán)境多么有吸引力,都得花時間,且需要勇氣離開舒適安全的地方)。由此可知選A項“面對與適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是花時間且需要勇氣的”。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都懂得充分利用軼事)推斷A項“許多有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會充分利用各類奇聞軼事與故事”正確。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(盡量排除那些被廣泛引用的軼事,因為它們會讓聽眾感到乏味)推斷B“收集被廣泛運用的軼事是一個很不錯的主意”與原文不符。根據(jù)文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(這項技能是非常值得學(xué)習(xí)的,因為它能幫助打造個人魅力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能)推斷C項“通過閱讀書籍、雜志和時事新聞,可以打造個人魅力”與原文不符。文章并沒有說要想成為一個高效的講故事者,只需制作一個有用的奇聞軼事記錄冊。故D項沒有根據(jù)。因此選A。
5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在離會時很多人可能都了解了接下來的改變對員工來說意味著多大的困難),因此C項“能夠幫助與會人員更好理解即將到來的變化”正確。而A項“是個高效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),且習(xí)慣于向員工講故事”和B項“是個經(jīng)常喜歡引經(jīng)據(jù)典影響他人的人”在原文中并沒有體現(xiàn)。D項“習(xí)慣于引經(jīng)據(jù)典幫助員工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根據(jù)。
7.單選題
Whenitworks,itcanbefantastic,butcanveryeasily()intoanightmareofthemostseriousproportions.
問題1選項
A.backwash
B.backdate
C.backlash
D.backfire
【答案】D
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項backwash“回流、反響”,B項backdate“回溯”,C項backlash“強烈反對”,D項backfire“產(chǎn)生出乎意料及事與愿違的結(jié)果”;句意:當(dāng)它發(fā)揮作用時,可能是非常奇妙的,但也很容易事與愿違,變成最嚴(yán)重的噩夢。因此D選項正確。
8.單選題
Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto()theweightofthebuilding.
問題1選項
A.subside
B.idealize
C.initiate
D.sustain
【答案】D
【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Subside平息,減退;idealize使理想化;initiate開始,發(fā)起;sustain支撐,支持。句意:根據(jù)句中collapsed判定空格應(yīng)填入與strong同向的詞。選項中,sustain支撐,支持。句意:建筑物倒塌因為地基不夠牢固,無法()它的重量。選項D符合句意。
9.單選題
EstherwantedtogotoPhiladelphiabyherself,butherparentswouldnotgivetheir().
問題1選項
A.contest
B.consent
C.convenience
D.control
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項contest“比賽,爭論”;B選項consent“同意,準(zhǔn)許”;C選項convenience“便利”;D選項control“控制,管理”。根據(jù)句意“Esther想自己去費城,但她的父母不同意”。選項B符合句意。
10.單選題
Doyouthinkthisjacketandtrouserswill______asuit?
問題1選項
A.passoff
B.passover
C.passup
D.passfor
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。passoff“停止”;passover“忽略”;passup“升起,拒絕”;passfor“被認(rèn)為,當(dāng)作”。句意:你認(rèn)為這件夾克和褲子可以看作是一套嗎?選項D符合題意。
11.單選題
TheBenefitsofNewUrbanism
(1)Newurbanismisthemostimportantplanningmovementinthiscentury,andisaboutcreatingabetterfutureforusall.Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.Newurbanismistherevivalofourlostartofplace-making,andisessentiallyare-orderingofthebuiltenvironmentintotheformofcompletecities,towns,villages,andneighborhoods—thewaycommunitieshavebeenbuiltforcenturiesaroundtheworld.Newurbanisminvolvesfixingandinfillingcities,aswellasthecreationofcompactnewtownsandvillages.Thebenefitsofnewurbanismareasfollows:
BenefitstoResidents
(2)Higherqualityoflife;betterplacesinwhichtolive,work,andplay;morestablepropertyvalues;lesstrafficcongestionandlessdriving;healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress;closeproximitytomainstreetretailandservices;closeproximitytobiketrail,parks,andnature;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown,resultinginmeaningfulrelationshipswithmorepeople,andfriendliertown;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem;greatsavingstoresidentsandschoolboardsinreducedbusingcostsfromchildrenbeingabletowalkorbicycletoneighborhoodschools;morediversityandsmaller,uniqueshopsandserviceswithlocalownerswhoareinvolvedincommunity;bigsavingsbydrivingless,andowninglesscars;lessugly,congestedsprawltodealwithdaily;bettersenseofplaceandcommunityidentitywithmoreuniquearchitecture;moreopenspacetoenjoythatwillremainopenspace;moreefficientuseoftaxmoneywithlessspentonutilitiesandroadsusedforthesprawl.
BenefitstoBusinesses
(3)Increasedsalesduetomorefoottrafficandpeoplespendinglessoncarsandgas;moreprofitsduetospendinglessonadvertisingandlargesigns;betterlifestylebylivingnearworkunitssavesthestressfulandcostlycommute;economiesofscaleinmarketingduetocloseproximityandcooperationwithotherlocalbusinessincubation;lowerrentsduetosmallerspacesandsmallerparkinglots;healthierlifestyleduetomorewalkingandbeingnearhealthierrestaurants;morecommunityinvolvementfrombeingpartofcommunityandknowingresidents.
(4)BenefitstoDevelopers.Moreincomepotentialfromhigherdensitymixed-useprojectsduetomoreleasablesquarefootage,moresalespersquarefoot,andhigherpropertyvaluesandsellingprices;fasterapprovalsincommunitiesthathaveadoptedsmartgrowthprinciplesresultingincost/timesayings:costsavingsinparkingfacilitiesinmixed-usepropertiesduetosharingofspacesthroughoutthedayandnight,resultinginlessduplicationinprovidingparking;lessneedforparkingfacilitiesduetomixofresidencesandcommercialuseswithinwalkingdistanceofeachother;lessimpactonroads/traffic,whichcanresultinlowerimpactfees;lowercostofutilitiesduetocompactnatureofnewurbanistdesign;fasterselloutduetogreateracceptancebyconsumersfromawiderproductrangeresultinginwidermarketshare.
BenefitstoMunicipalities
(5)Stable,appreciatingtaxbase;lessspentpercapitaoninfrastructureandutilitiesthantypicalsuburbandevelopmentduetocompacthigh-densitynatureofprojects;increasedtaxbaseduetomorebuildingspackedintoatighterarea;lesstrafficcongestionduetowalkabilityofdesign;lesscrimeandlessmoneyspentonpoliceduetothepresenceofmorepeopledayandnight;betteroverallcommunityimageandsenseofplace;lessincentivetosprawlwhenurbancoreareaisdesirable;easytoinstalltransitwhereit’snot,andimproveitwhereitis;greatercivicinvolvementofpopulationleadingtobettergovernance.
(6)Themosteffectivewaytoimplementnewurbanismittoplanforit,andwriteitintozoninganddevelopmentcodes.Thisdirectsallfuturedevelopmentintothisform.
(7)Increasingly,regionalplanningtechniquesarebeingusedtocontrolandshapegrowthintocompact,high-density,mixed-useneighborhoods,villages,towns,andcities.Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD).Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.
(8)Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.Italsopreventscongestionproblemsandtheenvironmentaldegradationnormallyassociatedwithgrowth.
(9)Therearesomeobstaclesinimplementationofnewurbanism.Themostimportantobstacletoovercomeistherestrictiveandincorrectzoningcodescurrentlyinforceinmostmunicipalities.Currentcodesdonotallownewurbanismtobebuilt,butdoallowsprawl.
(10)AnequallyimportantobstacleisthecontinuousroadbuildingandexpansiontakingplaceineverycommunityacrossAmerica.Thisencouragesmoredrivingandmoresprawlwhichhasadominoeffectonincreasingtrafficcongestionacrosstheregion.Haltingroadprojectsandbuildingnewtrainsystemcanhelpreversethisproblematictrend.
1.Apedestrianstreetisastreet().
2.Accordingtothepassagenewurbanismemphasizes().
3.WhichofthefollowingcanBESTsummarizethebenefitsofnewurbanismtoresidents?
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
5.Topreservetheenvironment,newurbanismlaysstresson().
問題1選項
A.suitableforbicycling
B.suitableforwalking
C.designedforpedals
D.designedforscooters
問題2選項
A.theexpansionofurbanareas
B.theartisticdecorationofnewly-builtbuildings
C.theimprovementofthebuiltenvironment
D.theenvironmentalpreservation
問題3選項
A.Compactnessincivicstructure,conveniencesandeconomiesinlife.
B.Betterrelationshipswithmorepeopleandafriendliertown.
C.Easyshoppingandmoreservicesthatreducebusingcosts.
D.Walkability,healthierlifestyleandmorefreedom.
問題4選項
A.Newurbanismlikestodesignmoreroadsinordertofacilitatethetraffic.
B.Newurbanismfavorsthetransportationwithnewrailwaysystems.
C.Newurbanistplannersopposetopedestrianfriendlydesign.
D.Newurbanistplannersdonotsupporttheinfilldevelopment.
問題5選項
A.thereductionoffactories
B.thesprawlofthecity
C.thelesseningoftrafficjams
D.thecompactgrowthoftheurbanarea
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown(行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機會去認(rèn)識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人),說明pedestrianstreet是對行人友好的社區(qū)。因此B選項“適合行走”正確。A選項“適合騎自行車”,C選項“為腳踏車設(shè)計”和D選項“為小型摩托車設(shè)計”都不是指步行,所以A,C,D錯誤。
2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Itisaninternationalmovementtoreformthedesignofthebuiltenvironment,andisaboutraisingourqualityoflifeandstandardoflivingbycreatingbetterplacestolivein.(它是一場改革建筑環(huán)境設(shè)計的國際運動,是通過創(chuàng)造更好的居住場所來提高我們的生活質(zhì)量和生活水平。),說明新城市主義強調(diào)對居住環(huán)境的改善。因此C選項“改善建筑環(huán)境”正確。A選項“城市地區(qū)的擴張”,B選項“新建筑的藝術(shù)裝飾”和D選項“環(huán)境保護”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,B,D錯誤。
3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“residents”可以定位到文章第二段,healthierlifestylewithmorewalkingandlessstress(更健康的生活方式,更多的步行和更少的壓力)說明新城市主義對居民健康生活方式的好處;pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown(行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機會去認(rèn)識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人)說明了新城市主義注重人的步行友好性;morefreedomandindependencetochildren,theelderly,andthepoorinbeingabletogettojobsrecreation,andserviceswithouttheneedforacarorsomeonetodrivethem(讓孩子、老人和窮人有更多的自由和獨立,他們有能力去工作、娛樂和服務(wù),而不需要搭乘汽車或別人給他們開車)說明了新城市主義為居民帶來了更多的自由。因此D選項“適合步行,更健康的生活方式和更多的自由?!弊钅芨爬ㄐ鲁鞘兄髁x為居民帶來的好處。A選項“城市結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊,生活的便利和經(jīng)濟”中城市結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊是對城市的好處,所以A錯誤。B選項“更好的人際關(guān)系和更友好的城市”,C選項“方便的購物和更多的服務(wù),減少巴士費用”都只是對居民帶來好處的一部分,不能完整概括新城市主義為居民帶來的好處,所以B,C錯誤。
4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由B選項關(guān)鍵詞“railwaysystems”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresultswhendesignedinharmonywithregionallandplanningknownasTransitOrientedDevelopment.(規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是更多的道路——如果設(shè)計與區(qū)域土地規(guī)劃相協(xié)調(diào),就會產(chǎn)生最好的效果。),說明新城市主義注重于新的鐵路系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃。因此B選項“新城市主義用新的鐵路系統(tǒng)促進(jìn)交通?!闭_。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“moreroads”可以定位到文章第七段第二句Planningnewtrainsystems(insteadofmoreroads)deliversthebestresults(規(guī)劃新的鐵路系統(tǒng)——而不是修建更多的公路能帶來最好的結(jié)果),說明新城市主義不主張修建更多的公路。因此A選項“新城市主義喜歡設(shè)計更多的道路,以方便交通?!辈环显摹S蒀選項關(guān)鍵詞“pedestrian”可以定位到文章第二段pedestrianfriendlycommunitiesoffermoreopportunitiestogettoknowothersintheneighborhoodandtown(行人友好型社區(qū)提供了更多的機會去認(rèn)識鄰里和城鎮(zhèn)中的其他人),說明新城市主義者注重行人友好性。因此C選項“新城市主義規(guī)劃師反對行人友好的設(shè)計?!辈环显?。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“infilldevelopment”可以定位到第七段最后一句Atthesametime,therevitalizationofurbanareasdirectsandencouragesinfilldevelopmentbackintocitycenters.(與此同時,城市地區(qū)的振興引導(dǎo)和鼓勵對城市中心的填充式開發(fā)。),說明新城市主義者是支持“infilldevelopment”的。因此D選項“新城市主義規(guī)劃師不支持填充開發(fā)。”不符合原文。
5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“environment”可以定位到第八段第一句Planningforcompactgrowth,ratherthanlettingitsprawlout,hasthepotentialtogreatlyincreasethequalityoftheenvironment.(緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃,而不是讓它向外擴張,有可能極大地提高環(huán)境質(zhì)量。),說明為了保護環(huán)境,新城市主義強調(diào)的是緊湊發(fā)展的規(guī)劃。因此D選項“城市區(qū)域的緊湊發(fā)展”正確。A選項“工廠的減少”,B選項“城市的擴張”和C選項“交通堵塞的減輕”都和保護環(huán)境無關(guān),所以A,B,C錯誤。
12.單選題
______Ihavealreadymentioned,cardiosurgeryisoneoftheamazingnewsurgicaltechniquesthathavebeendevelopedinrecentyears.
問題1選項
A.Which
B.What
C.As
D.This
【答案】C
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:正如我已經(jīng)提到的,心臟外科手術(shù)是近年來發(fā)展起來的令人驚奇的外科新技術(shù)之一。根據(jù)題干中兩個完整的句子用逗號連接,以及選項中的引導(dǎo)詞,可知考查非限制性定語從句。As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時可放在句首,修飾后面的主句或主句的一部分,意思為“正如,像”,C選項符合題意。A選項which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時放在所修飾部分或主句后面,不放在句首;B選項what不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;D選項this為指示代詞,不引導(dǎo)從句。因此C選項正確。
13.單選題
Thechild’sparentswere______intoacceptingthedemandofthekidnappers.
問題1選項
A.pleaded
B.intoxicated
C.intimidated
D.besieged
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項plead“借口,為……辯護,托稱”,B項intoxicate“(酒或毒品)(使)麻醉,(使)中毒”,C項intimidate“恐嚇,威脅,脅迫”,D項besiege“圍困,包圍,煩擾”。由kidnappers“綁匪”可知,空格處填入“恐嚇”符合語境。句意:孩子的父母受到恐嚇而接受了綁架者的要求。因此,該題選擇C項正確。
14.單選題
Thehelicopter(
)alightplaneandbothpilotswerekilled.
問題1選項
A.coincidedwith
B.stumbledon
C.tumbledto
D.collidedwith
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞辨析。coincidewith意為“與……一致”;stumbleon意為“無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”;tumbleto意為“跌到”;collidewith意為“與……相撞”。句意:直升機與一架輕型飛機相撞,兩名飛行員都遇難了。
15.單選題
TheFordFoundationisoneoftheworld'swealthiestphilanthropicorganizations.
問題1選項
A.profligate
B.governmental
C.humanitarian
D.multinational
【答案】C
【解析】福特基金會是世界上最富有的慈善組織之一。philanthropic意為“博愛的,仁慈的”。profligate放蕩的;governmental政府的,政治的;humanitarian人道主義的,博愛的;multinational多國的。選項C與之意思相近。
16.單選題
Haveyouafunny()orunusualexperiencethatyouwouldliketoshare?
問題1選項
A.amusement
B.incident
C.accident
D.section
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你有想分享的有趣事情或不同尋常的經(jīng)歷嗎?
考查名詞辨析。amusement娛樂,快樂;incident事件;accident意外事故;section部分,地區(qū)。因此B符合句意。
17.單選題
TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom—albeitatanaverageimplementationcostthatKornFerryestimatesat$5.lmperfirm.
Twoyearsago,only41%ofAmericanfirmssaidtheyregularlyheldmeetingsofdirectorswithouttheirchiefexecutivepresent’thisyearthefigurewas93%.Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.
Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.AnothersurveyofAmericanboardspublishedthisweek,byA.T.Kearney,afirmofconsultants,foundthatin200214%oftheboardsofS&P500firmshadseparatedtheroles,andafurther16%saidtheyplannedtodoso.Butby2004only23%overallhadtakentheplunge.AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.
Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.Inventedasadefenseagainsttakeover,suchboards,accordingtoanewHarvardLawSchoolstudybyLucianBebchukandAlmaCohen,areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.
Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003,accordingtotheInvestorResponsibilityResearchCentre.Andmanyofthosefirmsthathavebeenforcedbyshareholderstoabolishthesystemaredoingsoonlyslowly.Merck,apharmaceuticalcompanyintroubleoverthepossibleside-effectsofitsarthritisdrugVioxx,isallowingitsdirectorstoruntheirfulltermbeforeintroducingasysteminwhichtheyareallreelected(orotherwise)annually.Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.
56.TheSarbanes-Oxleyactismostprobablyabout____.
57.Theword“backlash”mostprobablymeans____.
58.Accordingtothetext,separatingtherolesbetweenchairmanandchiefexecutiveis____.
59.Welearnfromthetextthata“staggered”board____.
60.TowardtheboardpracticeofAmericancompanies,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe____.
問題1選項
A.corporatecost
B.corporatescandal
C.corporategovernance
D.corporatemanagement
問題2選項
A.aviolentforce
B.astrongimpetus
C.afirmmeasure
D.astrongnegativereaction
問題3選項
A.whatmanyEuropeancompaniesdo
B.notapopularideaamongAmericanentrepreneurs
C.acommonpracticeinAmericancompanies
D.amusttokeepthehealthofacompany
問題4選項
A.canbevotedownbyshareholders
B.givesitsboardmemberstoomuchpower
C.hasbeenabolishedbymostAmericancompanies
D.isadversetotheincrementoffirmvalue
問題5選項
A.objective
B.pessimistic
C.biased
D.critical
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】56.判斷推理題。題干“Sarbanes-Oxley法案最有可能是關(guān)于____的”,可定位到第1段第2句Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom…(今年11月12日公布的審查結(jié)果顯示,Sarbanes-Oxley法案對董事會產(chǎn)生了影響。Sarbanes-Oxley法案于2002年通過,旨在防止像Enron和WorldCom這樣的公司倒閉事件重演。)由此可知,審查發(fā)現(xiàn),該法案防止公司倒閉的措施對董事會產(chǎn)生了影響。根據(jù)此句前一句TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.(獵頭公司KornFerry對美國公司董事會做法的年度評估,是衡量公司治理健康與否的有用指標(biāo)。)由此可知,該審查是衡量corporategovernance(企業(yè)管治)的,由此推斷,該法案是關(guān)于corporategovernance(企業(yè)管治)的,C選項“corporategovernance(企業(yè)管治)”與原文表述一致。干擾選項D“corporatemanagement(企業(yè)管理經(jīng)營)”,與原文表述有出入,由于原文使用的是corporategovernance,所以,C選項比D選項更合適;A選項“企業(yè)成本”、B選項“企業(yè)丑聞”不符合語境,排除。因此,本題最佳選項為C。
57.詞義推測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第2段第2句Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.(但令人驚訝的是,一些事情沒有受到對企業(yè)丑聞的____的影響。)后文有針對該觀點進(jìn)行舉例。Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.(例如,盡管越來越多的人認(rèn)為前首席執(zhí)行官不應(yīng)該進(jìn)入他們公司的董事會,但他們進(jìn)入董事會的美國公司的比例實際上已經(jīng)從2003年的23%上升到2004年的25%。)由案例可知,前首席執(zhí)行官進(jìn)入董事會的比例并沒有受到越來越多人反對的影響。由此推斷“越來越多人持反對觀點”是一種backlash,所以backlash的意思應(yīng)該是負(fù)面的。另外,根據(jù)單詞backlash中的back推斷,該詞的詞義是“反—,往回—”,綜合而言,D選項“一種強烈的負(fù)面反應(yīng)”更符合語境。A選項“一種強烈的力量”、B選項“一個強大的動力”的情感基調(diào)不對,排除;C選項“一個強力的措施”,沒有依據(jù)說明是“措施”,排除。因此,本題最佳選項為D。
58.判斷推理題。題干“根據(jù)文章,拆分董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的職位____”,可定位到第3段。A、B選項,可定位到第3段最后一句AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.(今年早些時候,麥肯錫咨詢公司(McKinsey)的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),70%的美國董事和投資者支持拆分職位的想法,這在歐洲是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法。)由此可知,拆分董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的做法在歐洲是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法,所以A選項“許多歐洲公司這樣做”表述符合原文。另外,70%的美國董事和投資者支持拆分職位的想法,說明這個觀點還是比較受美國董事和投資者歡迎的,B選項“在美國企業(yè)家中并不受歡迎”表述不符合原文,排除;C選項“是美國公司的慣例”,可定位到第3段第1句Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.(同樣令人失望的是,很少有公司將董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的職位分開。)由此可知,雖然不少美國的董事和投資者支持拆分職位,但是很少有公司真正這么做,選項表述與原文不符,排除;D選項“公司的健康發(fā)展是必不可少的”,原文并未提及,排除;因此,本題最佳選項為A。
59.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“我們從課文中得知,一個‘交錯’董事會____”,可定位到第4、5段。A選項“可以被股東投票否決”,可定位到第5段倒數(shù)第2句Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.(其他公司的分級董事會制度在公司章程中根深蒂固,股東投票無法修改公司章程。)由此可知,“交錯”董事會無法被股東投票否決,選項表述與原文不符,排除;B選項“給予董事會成員過多的權(quán)力”,可定位到第4段第1句…‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.(……“交錯”董事會——每年只有三分之一的董事改選,任期為三年。)由此可知,按照“交錯”董事會的規(guī)定,每年三分之一的董事需要改選,其實是限制了董事會成員的權(quán)力的,選項表述不符合原文,排除;C選項“已經(jīng)被大多數(shù)美國公司廢除了”,可定位到第5段第1句Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003(盡管如此,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)的公司實行分級董事會的比例僅略有下降——從2001年的63%下降到2003年的60%)由此可知,到2003年還有60%(大多數(shù))的公司實行“交錯”董事會,選項表述與原文不符,排除;D選項“不利于企業(yè)價值的增長”,可定位到第4段最后一句…suchboards…areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.(這樣的董事會無疑“與公司價值在經(jīng)濟上的顯著下降有關(guān)”。)由此可知,“交錯”董事會使公司經(jīng)濟價值下降,選項表述符合原文。因此,本題最佳選項為D。
60.觀點態(tài)度題。題干“對于美國公司的董事會實踐,作者的態(tài)度可以說是____?!北绢}詢問的是作者對于美國公司董事會實踐的態(tài)度,可以從文中表達(dá)情感的詞推斷,第3段Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.(同樣令人失望的是,很少有公司將董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的職位分開。)由此定位到前一段,找到前一個令人失望的點,Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.(但令人驚訝的是,一些事情沒有受到對企業(yè)丑聞的強烈反對的影響。)第4段Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards…(另一個令人失望的是,在廢除“交錯”董事會方面進(jìn)展緩慢……)由此可知,作者對美國公司董事會的實踐非常失望;最后一段最后一句Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.(如果有人認(rèn)為2001年的丑聞會迅速改變經(jīng)理和老板之間的權(quán)力平衡,往好了說,那也只是一種天真的想法。)由此可知,作者認(rèn)為美國董事會改革比較難,綜合而言,B選項“悲觀的”最符合作者的觀點。A選項“客觀的”(一般要從正反兩方闡述觀點)、C選項“帶有偏見的”沒有依據(jù),排除;干擾選項,D選項“批判的,不贊成的”,作者并沒有不贊成美國董事會的改革實踐,只是覺得它進(jìn)行比較難,比較慢;另外critical也可指有判斷力的,公正的,充分考慮優(yōu)缺點,而文章中只是表達(dá)作者的失望,從這一層意思來看,D選項也不合適。因此,本題最佳選項為B。
18.單選題
Theyoungapplicantisundergreat___atthethoughtofup-comingjobinterview.
問題1選項
A.comprehension
B.apprehension
C.miscomprehension
D.concern
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項comprehension“理解(理解某事的能力);包含”;B選項apprehensio
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