考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)重慶南方翻譯學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)重慶南方翻譯學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoon（季風(fēng)）fromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,

continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciations（冰蝕）hadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandflora（動(dòng)植物）multiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys;withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan’’tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcoldandpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous（一妻多夫制）societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplandswhichpermittedno

experimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvivalformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved（insofarasithasbeen）bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe"unusualtraitsorsituations"referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety.

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages.

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora.

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies.

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates.

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent.

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent.

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)(動(dòng)植物生長(zhǎng)模式),B項(xiàng)(高原藏族的食物和食物準(zhǔn)備模式),C項(xiàng)(典型藏族社會(huì)的社會(huì)家庭組織)都是文中提到的不尋常的特征或情況。

2.主旨大意題。文章主要是分析了一妻多夫制的社會(huì)體制及其形成的生態(tài)原因。

3.推斷題。文章中作者引用了Montesquieu,Armand等人的觀點(diǎn),由此推測(cè)作者對(duì)西藏的知識(shí)應(yīng)該是從書(shū)本中獲得。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段得知Montesquieu認(rèn)為如果同一地區(qū)的土壤和氣候相同，那么其文化也應(yīng)該相同。故選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies(因此，在冰河期結(jié)束后，只有少數(shù)現(xiàn)存于原始大陸物種生命),故選A。

2.翻譯題

Quittingsmokingismoreofamatterofwillpowerthanofindividualchoice,forsmokingiswidelyrecognizedasaddictive.Althoughcounselingandmedicationcanincreasetheoddsthatasmokerquitspermanently,thebestwaytoavoiddilemmasisnevertotakeupsmokingtobeginwith.

Theirreversibleeffectsofcigarettesmokingvaryinintensityandarerelatedbothtotheamountanddurationofexposureandtheageatwhichthepersonisinitiallyexposed.Thisreportchallengesthenotionthatafewyearsofexposuretosmokingwillhavenolastingharmfulconsequences.Wehopetodiscouragethisprevalentbutvitalhabitandsuggestthattobacco-relatedhealtheffectsdeclinesubstantiallyastimeawayfromsmokingincreases.

【答案】人們普遍認(rèn)為吸煙成癮，與其說(shuō)戒煙是個(gè)人選擇的問(wèn)題，不如說(shuō)是意志力的問(wèn)題。雖然就醫(yī)和藥物治療能增加永久戒煙的概率，但避免進(jìn)退兩難的最好辦法是一開(kāi)始就不吸煙。吸煙帶來(lái)不可逆的影響程度不同，且與煙癮和煙齡有關(guān)，也與最初接觸煙的年齡有關(guān)。

本報(bào)告挑戰(zhàn)的是一種觀點(diǎn)，即幾年的吸煙史不會(huì)產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)期的不良后果。我們希望勸說(shuō)人們不要染上這一常見(jiàn)而致命的習(xí)慣，并指出隨著戒煙時(shí)間的增加，煙草對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生的影響就會(huì)大幅度減少。

3.單選題

Shebecamethefirstwomantoentertheschoolbutwithdrawafterafewdays（）stress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhonorof

B.becauseof

C.inspiteof

D.insteadof

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inhonorof“向...致敬”，B選項(xiàng)becauseof“因?yàn)?，由于”，C選項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管，即使”，D選項(xiàng)insteadof“代替，而不是”。句意:她成為第一個(gè)進(jìn)入這所學(xué)校但幾天后因壓力而退出的女性。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

In1915EinsteinmadeatriptoGottingentogivesomelecturesattheinvitationofthemathematicalphysicistDavidHilbert.Hewasparticularlyeager——tooeager,itwouldturn（1）toexplainalltheintricaciesofrelativitytohim.Thevisitwasatriumph,andhesaidtoafriendexcitedly.“Iwasableto（2）Hilbertofthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.”（3）allofEinstein’spersonalturmoilatthetime,anewscientificanxietywasaboutto（4）.Hewasstrugglingtofindtherightequationsthatwould（5）hisnewconceptofgravity,（6）thatwoulddefinehowobjectsmove（7）spaceandhowspaceiscurvedbyobjects.Bytheendofthesummer,he（8）themathematicalapproachhehadbeen（9）foralmostthreeyearswasflawed.Andnowtherewasa（10）pressure.Einsteindiscoveredtohis（11）thatHilberthadtakenwhathehadlecturesandwasracingtocomeup（12）thecorrectequationsfirst.

Itwasanenormouslycomplextask.AlthoughEinsteinwasthebetterphysicist,Hilbertwasthebettermathematician.SoinOctober1915Einstein（13）himselfintoamonth-long-franticendeavorin（14）hereturnedtoanearliermathematicalstrategyandwrestledwithequations,proofs,correctionsandupdatesthathe（15）togivealecturetoBerlin’sPrussianAcademyofSciencesonfour（16）Thursdays.

HisfirstlecturewasdeliveredonNov.4.1915,anditexplainedhisnewapproach,（17）headmittedhedidnotyethavetheprecisemathematicalformulationonit.Einsteinalsotooktimeofffrom（18）revisinghisequationstoengageinanawkwardfandangowithhiscompetitorHilbert.Worried（19）beingscooped,hesentHilbertacopyofhisNov.4lecture.“Iam（20）toknowwhetheryouwilltakekindlytothisnewsolution”.Einsteinnotedwithatouchofdefensiveness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.up

B.over

C.out

D.off

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.convince

B.counsel

C.persuade

D.preach

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Above

B.Around

C.Amid

D.Along

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.emit

B.emerge

C.submit

D.submerge

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.imitate

B.ignite

C.describe

D.ascribe

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.ones

B.those

C.all

D.none

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.into

B.beyond

C.among

D.through

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.resolved

B.realized

C.accepted

D.assured

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.pursuing

B.protecting

C.contesting

D.contending

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.complex

B.compatible

C.comparative

D.competitive

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.humor

B.horror

C.excitement

D.extinction

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.with

D.against

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.threw

B.thrust

C.huddled

D.hopped

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.that

C.what

D.which

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.dashed

B.darted

C.rushed

D.reeled

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.successive

B.progressive

C.extensive

D.repetitive

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.since

C.though

D.because

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.casually

B.coarsely

C.violently

D.furiously

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.after

B.about

C.on

D.in

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.curious

B.conscious

C.ambitious

D.ambiguous

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】（1）考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。turnup“出現(xiàn)”；turnover“打翻，移交”；turnoutto“被證明是”；turnoff“關(guān)掉”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵航Y(jié)果證明，他極其渴望向希爾伯特解釋相對(duì)論的所有錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。convince“說(shuō)服，使確信”；counsel“建議，勸告”；persuade“勸說(shuō)，勸某人相信”；preach“說(shuō)教，傳道”。空格處所在句子的句意是：我成功地讓希爾伯特相信了相對(duì)論。convincesb.ofsth.“說(shuō)服某人相信某事”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）考查介詞詞義辨析。amid意為“在······中”；above意為“在······上面”；around意為“在······周圍”；along意為“順著，沿著”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵耗菚r(shí)在愛(ài)因斯坦的所有焦躁之中，一種新的科學(xué)上的焦慮將要顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（4）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。emit“發(fā)出，放射”；emerge“出現(xiàn)，形成，浮現(xiàn)”；submit“提交，服從”；submerge“浸沒(méi)，把······浸入”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?3題，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（5）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。imitate“模仿，效仿”；ignite“點(diǎn)火，點(diǎn)燃，使激動(dòng)”；describe“描述，形容”；ascribe“歸因于，歸咎于”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核噲D找到正確的方程式來(lái)解釋他的引力的新概念。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（6）考查替代詞的用法?？崭裉幍奶娲~所代替的內(nèi)容是前文的therightequations,因此在選項(xiàng)A與B中選擇。Those與that通常用作指示代詞，用作替代詞時(shí)，總是伴隨著限定性的后置修飾語(yǔ)，此處用those不符合。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（7）考查固定搭配。movethrough“在······范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（8）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。resolve“決心，決定”；realize“意識(shí)到，體會(huì)到”；accept“接受，認(rèn)可”；assure“確保，保證”?？崭裉幩诰渥泳湟馐牵涸谙哪┲H，他意識(shí)到他追尋了三年之久的數(shù)學(xué)方法存在缺陷。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（9）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。pursue“從事，追求”；protect“保護(hù)”；contest“爭(zhēng)辯，競(jìng)賽”；contend“斗爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。空格處所在句子的句意參考第38題。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（10）考查形容詞詞義辨析。complex“復(fù)雜的，綜合的”；compatible“兼容的，能共處的”；comparative“比較的，相當(dāng)?shù)摹保籧ompetitive“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的”。空格處所在句子的句意是：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力很大。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（11）考查名詞詞義辨析。humor“幽默，詼諧”；horror“驚駭，恐懼”；excitement“激動(dòng)，興奮”；extinction“消失，消滅”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵鹤屗械娇謶值氖牵柌夭扇×藦乃v座中學(xué)到的知識(shí)正在試圖最先得出正確的方程式。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）考查固定搭配。comeupwith“提出，想出”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（13）考查固定搭配。throwoneselfinto“投身于······”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（14）考查從句的連接詞。通過(guò)分析句子可知，in_44_hereturnedtoanearliermathematicalstrategy…在句子中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，來(lái)修飾endeavor。定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞從選項(xiàng)B與D中選，其中that不放在介詞后面，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（15）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。dash“猛沖”；dart“投擲”；rush“匆忙地做，沖進(jìn)”；reel“旋轉(zhuǎn)，退縮”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核鼻械厝テ蒸斒靠茖W(xué)院做了四個(gè)連續(xù)的星期四的講座。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（16）考查形容詞詞義辨析。successive“連續(xù)的，繼承的”；progressive“前進(jìn)的，進(jìn)步的”；extensive“廣泛的，廣闊的”；repetitive“重復(fù)的，反復(fù)性的”。空格處所在句子的句意參考第45題。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（17）考查前后邏輯關(guān)系?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵罕M管他還沒(méi)有精確的數(shù)學(xué)公式。與前文存在讓步的邏輯關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（18）考查副詞詞義辨析。casually“偶然地，隨便地”；coarsely“粗俗地，鄙俗地”；violently“猛烈地，激烈地”；furiously“激烈地，猛烈地”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵涸诮醑偪竦膶W(xué)術(shù)研究過(guò)程中，愛(ài)因斯坦還抽出一些時(shí)間和他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手希爾伯特調(diào)侃。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（19）考查固定搭配。worryabout“為·····擔(dān)心”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（20）考查形容詞詞義辨析。curious“好奇的，求知的”；conscious“有意識(shí)的，故意的”；ambitious“野心勃勃的，有雄心的”；ambiguous“含糊的，不確定的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵何液芎闷婺闶遣皇菚?huì)友好地對(duì)待這一個(gè)新的解決方案。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Facing-portindustryhasbecomethebasicpillarofeconomicstrengthindevelopedcountriesandpromotedtheformationofinternationalproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.circumstance

B.motivation

C.backbone

D.initiative

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.circumstance條件，環(huán)境B.motivation動(dòng)力

C.backbone支柱，骨干，基礎(chǔ)D.initiative主動(dòng)性，積極性

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】pillar的意思為“核心，基礎(chǔ)，支柱”，臨港工業(yè)是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的基本核心，backbone與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】臨港工業(yè)已成為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的基本支柱，促進(jìn)了國(guó)際化大生產(chǎn)方式的形成。

6.單選題

Successatlanguageis（）ofintelligence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amorematterofapplicationthan

B.amattermoreofapplicationthan

C.amatterofapplicationmorethan

D.moreamatterofapplicationthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:語(yǔ)言的成功與其說(shuō)是智力問(wèn)題，不如說(shuō)是應(yīng)用問(wèn)題。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾楸容^結(jié)構(gòu)。amatterof“事關(guān)……的事”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有D項(xiàng)符合正確表達(dá)。

7.單選題

Thetheorythatbusinesscouldoperatetotallywithouttheaidofgovernmenthasprovedtobea（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allusion

B.seclusion

C.illusion

D.confusion

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞辨析。allusion“暗示”；seclusion“與世隔絕”；illusion“幻想；錯(cuò)覺(jué)”；confusion“混亂；困惑”。句意：認(rèn)為商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)能夠完全脫離政府援助的這種觀點(diǎn)是一種幻想。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Perfectcertaintybelongsonlytothegods；therestofushavetomakedowithscienceandits（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imperfections

B.conclusions

C.methodologies

D.hyperbole

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：完美只屬于上帝，其余的我們必須用科學(xué)彌補(bǔ)。imperfections不完美；conclusions結(jié)論；methodologies方法論；hyperbole夸張。故選A。

9.翻譯題

Thepricewepayforthissalutarychangeis,nodoubt,great.Weassemblethousandsofoperativeinthefactory,andinthemine,ofwhomtheemployercanknowlittleornothing,andtowhomheislittlebetterthanamyth.Allintercoursebetweenisatanend.Rigidcastesareformed,and,asusual,mutualignorancebreedsmutualdistrust.Eachcasteiswithoutsympathywiththeother,andreadytocreditanythingdisparaginginregardtoit.36.Underthelawofcompetition,theemployerofthousandsisforcedintothestrictesteconomies,amongwhichtheratespaidtolaborfigureprominently,andoftenthereisfrictionbetweentheemployerandtheemployed,betweencapitalandlabor,betweenrichandpoor.Humansocietyloseshomogeneity.

37.Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetition,likethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuries,isalsogreat,buttheadvantagesofthislawaregreaterstillthanitscost,foritistothislawthatweoweourwonderfulmaterialdevelopment,whichbringsimprovedconditionsinitstrain.Butwhetherthelawbebenignornot,wemustsayofit,aswesayofthechangeintheconditionsofmentowhichwehavereferred.

Itishere;wecannotevadeit;oftheeffectofanynewsubstitutesforitproposedwecannotbesure;38.Andwhilethelawmaybesometimeshardfortheindividual,itisbestfortherace,becauseitinsuresthesurvivalofthefittestineverydepartment.39.Weacceptandwelcome,therefore,asconditionstowhichwemustaccommodateourselves,greatinequalityofenvironment,theconcentrationofbusiness,industrialandcommercial,inthehandsofafew;andthelawofcompetitionbetweenthese,asbeingnotonlybeneficial,butessentialtothefutureprogressoftherace.Havingacceptedthese,itfollowsthattheremustbegreatscopefortheexpertiseofspecialabilityinthemerchantandinthemanufacturer,whohastoconductaffairsupongreatscale.40.Thatthistalentfororganizationandmanagementisrareamongmenisprovedbythefactthatitinvariablysecuresenormousregardsforitspossessors,nomatterwhereorunderwhatlawsorconditions.

【答案】36．在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則下，成千上萬(wàn)的雇主不得不實(shí)行一些最嚴(yán)厲的措施。在這些節(jié)約措施中，付給工人的工資首當(dāng)其沖。這樣，雇主和雇員之間，勞資雙方之間以及富人和窮人之間就常有摩擦。

37．在社會(huì)中人類為了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)所付出的代價(jià)，就和為了不需要花錢就能得到的舒適和奢侈品一樣代價(jià)高昂；但是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則帶來(lái)的好處高于付出的代價(jià)，因?yàn)檎沁@種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則，經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，生活水平得到提高。

38．雖然這一法則對(duì)個(gè)體來(lái)說(shuō)可能很難，但是它適用于人類，因?yàn)樗ＷC了人類在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都能適應(yīng)并生存。

39．因此，我們接受并歡迎我們必須適應(yīng)的條件，也就是工業(yè)和商業(yè)掌握在少數(shù)人手中的巨大不平等；而他們之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則不僅是良性的，而且對(duì)種族的未來(lái)發(fā)展必不可少。

40．無(wú)論在什么地方，在什么法則或條件下，具有組織管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊榮，這一事實(shí)證明了只有少數(shù)人有這種能力。

10.單選題

AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.

Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.

Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.

Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationsthatspecializedinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.

Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusesthewordfriend,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.

1.Theword“observation”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

2.Peopleinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertaintravelersbecausethesestrangerswould

（

）.

3.Nowadaysthetraditionoffriendlinesstostrangers

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthepassagewehavelearnedthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attention.

B.watchfulness.

C.survey.

D.opinion.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.bringgoodnewsfromoutsideworld.

B.helplocalssolvetheirproblems.

C.bringachangetothelifeinthesettlements.

D.requiresadifferentdefinition.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isstillprevailing.

B.canrarelybeseen

C.iswadingfast

D.requiresadifferentdefinition

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearestillfondoftravelingtoremoteplaces.

B.Foreigntravelersnowkeepawayfrombusytouristtrails.

C.Thereisnocharitableorganizationinsmallcities.

D.ForeignvisitorstotheUShavetroubleunderstandingAmerican’sfriendliness.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theabilityofspeakingaforeignlanguageimpliesabetterunderstandingofitsculture

B.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends

C.cultureexercisesagreatinfluenceonsocialinterrelationships

D.courteousconventionandindividualinterestarecloselyinterrelated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，“observation”指的是上文所提及的認(rèn)為大多數(shù)美國(guó)人和加拿大人友好，禮貌和樂(lè)于助人的觀點(diǎn)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，邊境地區(qū)人們的生活通常是單調(diào)乏味的，所以他們喜歡招待旅行者或陌生人，因?yàn)檫@些陌生人和旅行者不僅帶來(lái)了消遣，還帶來(lái)了外部世界的消息。也就是說(shuō)，給他們的生活帶來(lái)了些許改變，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)A表述太片面；選項(xiàng)B和D在文中沒(méi)有提及。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS...”招待陌生人的古老傳統(tǒng)在美國(guó)仍然非常盛行。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.”到美國(guó)旅游的人持有這樣的觀點(diǎn)并不罕見(jiàn)，但并不總是能夠正確的理解。也就是說(shuō)，到美國(guó)來(lái)旅游的游客很難理解美國(guó)人的友好。選項(xiàng)D與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，第一句為本段的主旨句“Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.”正如任何發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì)一樣，在美國(guó)，一系列復(fù)雜的文化特征，信念和習(xí)俗構(gòu)成了所有社會(huì)關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。也就是說(shuō)，文化對(duì)社會(huì)關(guān)系有很大的影響。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

11.單選題

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMaCarthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats'levelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoconflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildreninAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat（）.

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith'steachers（）.

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho（）.

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess（）.

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

B.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

C.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschool

B.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

C.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

D.toprovidesupportforhisargument

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

D.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparentcoaching

B.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

C.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

D.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

B.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

C.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

D.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者關(guān)于學(xué)校的主要觀點(diǎn)是什么？”文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天賦的學(xué)生與學(xué)?；ハ嗖贿m應(yīng)，也就不奇怪他們對(duì)讀書(shū)經(jīng)歷沒(méi)什么好感”（Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience），選項(xiàng)A“它們經(jīng)常滿足不了有天賦的學(xué)生的要求”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者引用OliverGoldsmith老師的話的目的是什么？”文章第一段提到如OliverGoldsmith這類有天賦的學(xué)生不喜歡學(xué)校，接下來(lái)列舉了他們的學(xué)校經(jīng)歷來(lái)作證，因此作者引用Oliver老師中的一位的話是為了給自己的論證提供事實(shí)支持，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“像畢加索那樣擁有天賦的孩子的特點(diǎn)是什么？”文章第二段第一句提到“這些具有天賦的學(xué)生中的一些人在學(xué)?？赡芤?yàn)樘熨x不在學(xué)業(yè)方面，因此表現(xiàn)很差，比如畢加索”（Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway），因此選項(xiàng)D“無(wú)法應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)校里的學(xué)習(xí)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“很多有天賦的人將他們的成功歸功于……”文章最后一段第一句提到“當(dāng)談到能力培養(yǎng)的重要影響因素時(shí)，這些天賦極高的人談?wù)摰酶嗟氖撬麄兊募彝ザ皇菍W(xué)?；蛘呃蠋煛保╓henhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers），選項(xiàng)B“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“很多有天賦的學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)校沒(méi)有好的回憶的根本原因是什么？”文章第二段第三句提到“但是大多數(shù)人在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好，并不是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈δ芰Γ且驗(yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得學(xué)校沒(méi)有挑戰(zhàn)性，因此失去了興趣”（Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest），選項(xiàng)D“學(xué)校課程不能鼓勵(lì)和激發(fā)他們的興趣”符合題意。

12.單選題

12.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewoman’sclassmate.

B.Thewoman’sboyfriend.

C.Thewoman’sbrother.

D.Thewoman’steacher.

【答案】B

【解析】M:IheardallthetimethatJohnisdatingseveralgirls.

W:Butit’snottrue,hehasexplainedeverythingtome.

M:Doyoureallybelievewhathesaid?

W:Yeah,Ibelieveinourfeelingsforeachother.

Q:WhoisJohn?

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)話推斷John是對(duì)話中女士的男友。

13.單選題

“Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhenthey’re18,andthetruthisfarfromthat,”sayssociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsin.Today,unexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.“Thereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclass,”declaredsociologistAllanSchnaibergofNorthwesternUniversitywhoseson,19,movedbackinafteranabsenceofeightmonths.

Analystsciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrising,aconditionthatmake