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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津開發(fā)區(qū)職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題
It()methatthemanwasnottellingthetruth.
問題1選項
A.effects
B.pokes
C.hits
D.stirs
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。effect“造成,產(chǎn)生,招致”;poke“戳,刺”;hit“打,打擊,擊中”;stir“攪拌,攪動”。句意:那讓我覺得那個男人沒有說實話。選項A符合題意。
2.單選題
Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.
Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andthearts,butalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.
Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.
9.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause__________.
10.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?
11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.
12.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe___________.
問題1選項
A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood
B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach
C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools
D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents
問題2選項
A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.
B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.
C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.
D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.
問題3選項
A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge
B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge
C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices
D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge
問題4選項
A.CurrentSysteminEducation
B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool
C.BalanceinEducation
D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:C
【解析】9.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段的Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.(然而,公立學校系統(tǒng)沒有如此的選擇,因為這些工作(教育普通和有天賦的學生)一定要同時進行。)以及Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.(公立學校必須教育為科學服務的生產(chǎn)者和使用者。)由此可知,教育工作之所以會變得相當復雜是因為傳授學習的對象并沒有進行區(qū)分。因此D選項“教育工作者不得不照顧普通的和有天賦的學生”正確,符合題意。A選項“如今的公立學校系統(tǒng)太復雜而不能被理解”,B選項“公立學校系統(tǒng)不能選擇教授的東西”,C選項“難以決定基礎科學是否應該在公立學校被教授”。在文中均未提及,可排除。故選D。
10.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第一段中Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.(如果只需要決定是向大眾教授基礎科學,還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人,讓他們盡可能地學習,那么我們的任務就相當簡單了。)這只是作者的一個假設,并沒有真正執(zhí)行。因此A選項“教育的一個主要任務是去發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學生”錯誤,與原文表述不符合。由第二段中Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.(這樣的平衡被過分強調(diào)某一領域所打破。)可知C選項“一些科目在公立學校中一直被過度強調(diào)”正確,符合題意。同理可推理出B選項“為了有效地教學,要求教育者強調(diào)某一特定的方面”。根據(jù)第一段中Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.(因為我們生活在一個民主的國家,所以,必須教育大部分人了解和支持或評判專家的工作。)民主國家的發(fā)展依靠所有人民的努力,而人民并不能局限于發(fā)明者。因此D選項“社會的發(fā)展不能僅僅依賴發(fā)明者”正確,符合題意。故選A。
11.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在最后一段中Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.(公眾的注意力不斷地被科學領域的新可能性和新知識的發(fā)現(xiàn)所吸引,不應該允許這些將我們的注意力從健全的,已制定的材料轉(zhuǎn)移開,因為這些材料形成了適合初學者的基礎課程。)由此可知,初學者應該從最基本的學習材料學起。因此A選項“應該給予基礎知識足夠的重視”正確,符合題意。B選項“學生應該學習更多最新的知識”,C選項“缺乏科學知識將導致生產(chǎn)者和科學服務使用者之間產(chǎn)生不好的關系”,D選項“學生正慢慢認識到知識學科之間一種良好平衡的重要性”均不符合題意,可排除。故選A。
12.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段中Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.(然而,公立學校系統(tǒng)沒有如此的選擇,因為這些工作(教育普通和有天賦的學生)一定要同時進行)第一段提出教育平衡的話題,第二段和第三段圍繞教育平衡進行論述。綜合而知,本文主要是圍繞教育平衡這個話題展開闡述的。因此C選項“教育平衡”正確,符合題意。A選項“如今的教育系統(tǒng)”,B選項“公立學校的教育情況”,D選項“教授科學和技術的重要性”均不符合題意,可排除。故選C。
3.單選題
HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrels(吟游歌手)andmercenaries(雇傭兵),metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclan(部落)system,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor"man".ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.
InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresy(異端)intheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism(流浪).Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery.Itwasn'tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust(大屠殺).Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized(消除),andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.
ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned(迅速成長).Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplay(不予重視)theirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,"iswheremytwofeetstand.”
1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey(
).
2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT
(
).
3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof
(
).
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthehistoryoftheGypsies?
問題1選項
A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts
B.callthemselvesRoma
C.liveunderaclansystem
D.faceexternalthreats
問題2選項
A.theEgyptians
B.thestate
C.thechurch
D.theNazis
問題3選項
A.language
B.culture
C.identity
D.custom
問題4選項
A.TheoriginoftheGypsiescanonlybeguessedfromtheirlanguage.
B.EuropeanshadthoughtthattheGypsiesoriginatedfromEgypt.
C.SomepeoplehadthoughtthattheGypsiesmightdisappearasadistinctnationality.
D.TherewasonceacountryoftheGypsiesinnorthernIndia.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:D
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies(只有在非吉普賽人的威脅面前才能真正團結(jié)起來)可知D選項“面對外部威脅”符合題意。
2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.(在歐洲,非吉普賽人對他們的迫害開始得很快,教會認為他們的算命行為是異端邪說,而政府認為他們的游牧生活是反社會行動。在更近的歷史中,吉普賽人被陷入納粹黨歇斯底里的種族迫害中,大約50萬人死于大屠殺)可知吉普賽人受到了教堂、政府以及納粹的迫害,因此選A。
3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unlikeJews(除了極少數(shù)例外,吉普賽人并沒有表達出對一個國家的強烈愿望—不像猶太人那樣)可知吉普賽人與猶太人的主要區(qū)別在于對身份的認同,因此選C。
4.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago(從他們的語言羅曼語的各種方言中的線索可知,一千年前他們從印度北部來到中東)可知D選項“印度北部曾經(jīng)有一個吉普賽人國家”表示不正確,只能推測吉普賽人從印度北部而來。
4.單選題
In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughly(
)theentireindustrialsector.
問題1選項
A.motivating
B.encompassing
C.enticing
D.undercutting
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項motivate“激勵;刺激”;B選項encompass“包含;包圍”;C選項entice“慫恿;誘使”;D選項undercut“削(價)競爭;削弱”。句意:1910年,超過60萬的黑人工人,或者說10%的黑人工人報告說他們從事“制造業(yè)和機械制造業(yè)”,這一聯(lián)邦人口普查類別大致……整個工業(yè)部門。綜合句意與選項可知B選項符合題意。
5.單選題
Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.
問題1選項
A.create
B.occur
C.emerge
D.deteriorate
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項create“創(chuàng)造,創(chuàng)作;造成”;B選項occur“發(fā)生;出現(xiàn);存在”;C選項emerge“浮現(xiàn);擺脫;暴露”;D選項deteriorate“惡化,變壞”。句意:可以證明,組織不僅看起來是均勻的,而且實際上是均勻的,因為如果組織被切成兩半,每一半將調(diào)節(jié)以產(chǎn)生與整體相同的圖案。結(jié)合此處關鍵詞giveriseto“造成;引起;導致”,得知A為正確答案。
6.單選題
Forshortageoffoodandwater,theillegalimmigrants()downfrom112to58.
問題1選項
A.seized
B.starved
C.calculated
D.split
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項seized“逮住,抓住”;B選項starved“使挨餓,餓死”;C選項calculated“計算”;D選項split“劈開”。句意:由于食物和水的短缺,非法移民數(shù)量從112人下降到了58人。根據(jù)前半句表述的因為缺少食物和水,可知后半句中非法移民數(shù)量減少的原因是挨餓。所以空格處填B選項starved“使挨餓,餓死”合適。因此B選項符合題意。
7.單選題
People'stastesinrecreationdifferwidely.Atarecentfestivalofpop-musicintheIsleofWight,crowdsofteenagersflockedtolistentotheirfavoritesingersandmusicians.Theywentwithsinglerailwayticketsandsleptintheopen,averyriskythingtodointheclimateofBritain,eveninAugust.Theywerepackedtogetherlikesardinesforfourdays.Therewereinnumerablethieves,agangofroughstriedseveraltimestobreakthingsupandpolicewereeverywhere.Attheendofthefestivalmanyyoungfansfoundthemselvesbroke,withnomoneyleft,andtheyhaddifficultyingettingbackhome.Mostpeoplewouldconsidertheseconditionsanightmareofdiscomfort,thefansappearedtoenjoyitallenormously.
EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelargetractsofopenun-spoiltcountry,wherepeoplewithmoretraditionaltastescangoforquiet,andforthesenseoffreedomtheyderivefromcontactwithnature.Inthenationalparksespecially,moderndevelopmentofhousingandindustryisstrictlycontrolled.Visitorsmaywalkformilesthroughlandscapeofthegreatestbeautyandwildness,andoftenofconsiderablehistoricorscientificinterest.Alongthecoastsofsomeofthemaritimecounties,publicpathwayshavebeencreated,thesepathsstretchformanymilesalongcliffsthatlookoutontheAtlanticOceanortheEnglishChannel.Anotherpath,lyinginland,goesalongtherangeofmountainsinthenorthofEngland.ItiscalledthePennineWay.Here,thelong-distancewalkerandthenature-lovercanfindmuchtoenjoy,withoutfeelingdisturbedbylargenumbersoftheirfellows.
Yetfewpeoplemakefulluseofthenationalparksestablishedforeveryone'sbenefit.Thecommonestthingnowadaysisforfamilygroupstomotorouttoabeautifulspotandparktheircarsinalay-by(路旁停車處).Apicnicbasketisproduced,alongwithafoldingtableandchairs,akettleandaportablestove.Theythensettledowntoapicnicinthelay-bybesidethecar.Apparentlytheirideaofenjoymentistogetintothefreshairandamongstthecountrysightsandsoundswithouthavingtowalkayard.Theyseemalmosttoliketohearandtosmellthetraffic.
1.InBritain,accordingtothepassage,itisveryriskyto(
).
2.Attheendofthefestival,manyyoungfans
(
).
3.EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelarge
(
).
4.Publicpathwaysarecreatedforpeopleto
(
).
5.Familygroupsnowadaysliketo(
).
問題1選項
A.gowithasinglerailwayticket
B.listentopop-musicatthefestival
C.sleepintheopen
D.packtogetherincrowds
問題2選項
A.werearrestedbythepolice
B.hadspentmostoftheirmoney
C.weresleepingout
D.becamequitepenniless
問題3選項
A.tracksthroughtheopencountry
B.areasofcountrywithoutsoil
C.areasofcountrysidenotdeveloped
D.expansesoflandwherenobodyworks
問題4選項
A.commutetowork
B.enjoylong-distancewalking
C.walktomaritimecounties
D.visitthehistoricorscenicsites
問題5選項
A.havemealsoutofdoorsbytheroad-side
B.goforawalkawayfromhome
C.driveoutpastthebeautifulplaces
D.hearandsmelltheanimals
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Theywentwithsinglerailwayticketsandsleptintheopen,averyriskythingtodointheclimateofBritain,eveninAugust.(他們帶著單程火車票,睡在露天,這在英國的氣候下是非常危險的事情,即使在八月也是如此)可知選C。
第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Attheendofthefestivalmanyyoungfansfoundthemselvesbroke,withnomoneyleft,andtheyhaddifficultyingettingbackhome.(在節(jié)日結(jié)束時,許多年輕的粉絲發(fā)現(xiàn)自己破產(chǎn)了,沒有錢,他們很難回家)可知D選項“變得身無分文”符合題意。
第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中EvenintheovercrowdedUnitedKingdomtherearelargetractsofopenun-spoiltcountry(即使在過于擁擠的英國,也有大片未被破壞的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū))可知C選項“未開發(fā)的農(nóng)村地區(qū)”符合題意。
第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中Here,thelong-distancewalkerandthenature-lovercanfindmuchtoenjoy,withoutfeelingdisturbedbylargenumbersoftheirfellows.(在這里,長距離步行者和大自然愛好者可以找到更多的樂趣,而不會受到大量同伴的打擾)可知B選項“享受長途步行”符合題意。
第5題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中Thecommonestthingnowadaysisforfamilygroupstomotorouttoabeautifulspotandparktheircarsinalay-by.(現(xiàn)在最常見的事情是,全家人一起開車去一個美麗的景點,把汽車停在路邊的停車帶)可知C選項“開車經(jīng)過美麗的地方”符合題意。
8.填空題
Americahasthebestsystemofhighereducationintheworld.TheInstituteofHigherEducationatShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityrankstheworld’suniversitiesonaseriesofobjective(1)suchasthenumberofNobelprizesandarticlesonprestigiousjournals.17ofthetop20universitiesinthatlistareAmerican.Americanuniversities(2)employ70%oftheworld’sNobelprize-winners.Theyproduceabout30%oftheworld’s(3)ofarticlesonscienceandengineering,accordingtoasurvey(4)in2001,and44%ofthemostfrequentlycitedarticles.
WhyisAmericasosuccessful?Wealthclearlyhassomethingtodowithit.Americaspendsmorethantwiceasmuch(5)studentastheOECD(經(jīng)合組織)average,andalumniandphilanthropists(慈善家)routinelyshoweruniversities(6)gold.Historyalsoplaysapart.Americanshavealwayshada(7)forhighereducation.ThePuritansestablishedHarvardCollegein1636,justtwo(8)aftertheyfirstarrivedinNewEngland.
ThemainreasonforAmerica’ssuccess,however,liesinorganization.Thefirstprincipleisthatthefederalgovernmentplaysa(9)part.Americadoesnothaveacentralplanforitsuniversities.Itdoesnottreatits(10)ascivilservants,as(11)FranceandGermany.Instead,universitieshaveawide(12)ofpatrons.Theacademiclandscapehasbeen(13)byrichbenefactorssuchasEzraCornell,CorneliusVanderbilt,JohnsHopkinsandJohnD.Rockefeller.
Thesecondprincipleiscompetition.Universitiescompetefor(14),fromstudentstoprofessorstobasketball,stars.Professorscompeteforfederalresearch(15).Studentscompeteforcollegescholarshipsorresearchfellowships.Thismeansthatsuccessfulinstitutionscannot(16)ontheirlaurels(成就).
Thethirdprincipleisthatitisallrighttobeuseful.Americahasalways(17)universitiesasmorethanivorytowers.This(18)on“payingdividends”remainsa(19)featureofacademicculture.Americanhas(20)theartofforginglinksbetweenacademiaandindustry.Americanuniversitiesearnmorethan$1billionayearinroyaltiesandlicensefees,anddozensoperatetheirownventurefunds.
測試
【答案】1.criteria
2.currently
3.output
4.conducted
5.per
6.with
7.passion
8.decades
9.limited
10.academics
11.do
12.range
13.shaped
14.everything
15.grants
16.rest
17.regarded
18.emphasis
19.prominent
20.pioneered
【解析】1.由suchasthenumberofNobelprizesandarticlesonprestigiousjournals.如諾貝爾獎的數(shù)量和發(fā)表在著名期刊上的文章??芍@些都屬于條件。
2.本句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,句意:美國大學()雇傭世界上70%的諾貝爾獎得主。
3.句意:科學家產(chǎn)出了世界上30%的關于科學和工程方面的學術文章,以及44%的經(jīng)常被引用的文章。
4.conductasurvey做調(diào)查;句意:根據(jù)2001年的一項調(diào)查…
5.句意:美國花在每個學生身上的錢是經(jīng)合組織平均水平的兩倍多。
6.showerwith拋撒,大量給予;句意:校友和慈善家每年都會大量贈予資金。
7.haveapassionfor對…的強烈愛好;由下一句“清教徒在第一次到達新英格蘭后于1636年建立哈佛大學”可知“美國人對高等教育有強烈愛好”。
8.此空需要填一個表示時間的名詞。twodecades20年。
9.此空需填一個形容詞,空前有不定冠詞a修飾,故空格處所填形容詞不以元音字母開頭。再聯(lián)系下文可知,對于美國的大學,不像法國和德國那樣,美國政府并沒有實行中央計劃。所以美國高等教育成功的第一個原因就是聯(lián)邦政府發(fā)揮了有限的作用。形容詞中只有l(wèi)imited符合題意。
10.treat…ascivilservants將___看作公務員。由上一句可知“對于美國的大學,美國政府沒有實行中央計劃?!彼越又M一步說明,美國政府沒有把美國大學看作是政府的公務員。
11.asdoFranceandGermany像法國和德國那樣。句意:對于美國的大學,不像法國和德國那樣,美國政府并沒有一個實行中央計劃。
12.haveawiderangeof有廣泛的…。由下文可知有一些富有的捐贈者,故此空填range.
13.此空需填一個動詞的過去分詞,表被動。學術氛圍被形成,故用shaped。
14.由空后的from…可知美國的大學對于一切都競爭。
15.此空需填一個名詞,由federalresearch可推知是政府的研究補助金。句意:教授為獲得政府的研究補助金而競爭。
16.reston停留在…。由上文可知美國的大學為一切而競爭,教授為獲得補助金而競爭,學生為了獎學金而競爭,整個大學都是在不斷地向前的一種狀態(tài)。故這空總結(jié)道:這意味著成功的大學不能停留在這些成就上。
17.regard…as把…認作;句意:美國總是將大學看作不僅僅是象牙塔。
18.空后有介詞on,空格處要填名詞,只有emphasis合適。句意:這種強調(diào)取得好結(jié)果成為了…。
19.此空需填形容詞,美國大學對取得好結(jié)果的關注成為了其學術文化的顯著特色。
20.此空需填動詞。句意:美國開創(chuàng)了在學術界和工業(yè)界建立聯(lián)系的藝術。美國首先開創(chuàng)了這門藝術,故用pioneered。
9.單選題
Afterdoingoddjobsforaweek,hegota(
)positionasanoffice-boy.
問題1選項
A.permanent
B.sufficient
C.transparent
D.universal
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。permanent“永久的;不變的”;sufficient“足夠的,充分的”;transparent“透明的”;universal“普遍的”。句意:做了一個星期臨時工后,他得到了一份辦公室固定的工作。選項A符合題意。
10.單選題
Herstrengthwasherabilityto(
)andinspireconfidenceratherthanfearinthepeopleshebefriended.
問題1選項
A.uncover
B.obtain
C.elicit
D.produce
【答案】C
【解析】考察動詞辨析。uncover揭開,揭露;obtain:獲得;elicit引起,引發(fā);produce生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)生。句意:她的優(yōu)點是她有能力引發(fā)、鼓勵朋友的信心而不是恐懼。選項C符合句意。
11.單選題
Studentswhogetveryhighmarkswillbe()fromthefinalexamination.
問題1選項
A.expelled
B.banished
C.absolved
D.ousted
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。expel“驅(qū)逐,開除”;banish“流放,放逐”;absolve“宣布免除”;oust“剝奪,取代,驅(qū)逐”。句意:得高分的學生可免除期末考試。選項C符合題意。
12.單選題
Thetheoryof(
)wasdevelopedbyDarwinandisnowunderstoodbynearlyeverybodyintheworld.
問題1選項
A.determination
B.distribution
C.discipline
D.evolution
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。determination“決心”;distribution“分布”;discipline“學科;紀律”;evolution“演變,進化論”。句意:進化論由達爾文提出,現(xiàn)在幾乎世界上每個人都知道這個理論。選項D符合題意。
13.單選題
Thepoliceare()theprisoner’sstatementbyquestioningseveralwitnesses.
問題1選項
A.verifying
B.acknowledging
C.expressing
D.confessing
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項verify“核實;查證”;B選項acknowledge“承認;答謝;報償”;C選項express“表達;快遞”;D選項confess“承認;坦白;懺悔”。句意:警察通過詢問幾個證人來……囚犯的供詞。證人的意義在于“核實”,因此A選項正確。
14.單選題
Thecorporationexpectsonly()increasesinsalesnextyeardespiteayearlongefforttoreviveitsretailingbusiness.
問題1選項
A.modest
B.predictable
C.dynamic
D.expanding
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項modest“適度的,謙虛的”;B選項predictable“可預言的”;C選項dynamic“動態(tài)的,動力的,有活力的”;D選項expanding“擴大的,擴展的”。句意:盡管用過去一年的時間去努力恢復零售市場,但是公司僅僅期盼業(yè)績()增長即可。題干中的despite表轉(zhuǎn)折,因此空格所填單詞應該與despite所引導的句子產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果相反,正常情況下,付出了努力必然期盼有回報,所以這里應填與increase意思相反的詞匯。因此A選項正確。
15.單選題
Hestillsuffersfromararetopicaldiseasewhichhe(),whileworkingtoAfrica.
問題1選項
A.infected
B.incurred
C.contracted
D.infested
【答案】C
【解析】本題是動詞辨析題。infected“感染”;incurred“招致;蒙受”,contracted“合同;感染;收縮”;infested“大批滋生”,根據(jù)句意可知這里是指“感染了某種病”,所以此處的動詞要從infected和contracted之間來選擇,infect這個動作的發(fā)出者是疾病,強調(diào)疾病的感染性;而contract強調(diào)的是人感染疾病,動作的發(fā)出者是人,此處強調(diào)的是人感染疾病,故正確答案為選項C。
16.單選題
Manycountrieshaveadoptedsystemsof(
)educationinordertopromotetheaveragelevelofeducation.
問題1選項
A.compulsory
B.cardinal
C.constrained
D.conventional
【答案】A
【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項compulsory“義務的,必修的”;B選項cardinal“主要的,基本的”;C選項constrained“拘泥的,被強迫的”;D選項conventional“符合習俗的,傳統(tǒng)的”,由關鍵詞“education”可知空格部分意思應該為“義務的,規(guī)定必修的”,句意為:許多國家采取義務教育體系,以提高平均的教育水平。與選項A意思相符。
17.單選題
Astheydon’tyethaveaproventrackrecord,theircolleagueswillbe()toentrustthemwithimportantprojects.
問題1選項
A.reluctant
B.redundant
C.relevant
D.resistant
【答案】A
【解析】句意:由于他們沒有過去工作表現(xiàn)的記錄,所以其他同事不愿意將重要的項目交給他們。
考查形容詞辨析。Reluctant不情愿的,勉強的;redundant多余的,失業(yè)的,冗長的;relevant相關的,切題的;resistant反抗的,頑固的。因此A符合句意。
18.單選題
Inthe1970s,SaudiArabiaandotheroil-richstates
vastsumsofmoneythroughthesaleofoil.
問題1選項
A.assembled
B.accommodated
C.accumulated
D.appreciated
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。assembled“裝配,組合”;accommodated“安排,為……提供住宿”;accumulated“積累”;appreciated“欣賞”。句意:上世紀70年代,沙特阿拉伯和其他富油國家通過出售石油獲得了巨額財富。選項C符合題意。
19.單選題
Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesense-data,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturelimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickingindivisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.
Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths;suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesense-data.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduatedinmillionthsofanfilch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches;Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.
Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctparts,aperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobjectInphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:beentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.
Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.
But,everforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceinfileexplanationofobservations.
1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(
).
2.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawingattheendofthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto
(
).
3.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey
(
).
4.Accordingtothepassage,thequantumtheorycanbedistinguishedfromprevioustheoriesofphysicsbyits(
).
問題1選項
A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld
B.pointouttheinadequaciesofaccepteduniteofmeasurement
C.criticizeattemptstodistinguishbetweenperceivingsubjectsandperceivedobjects
D.compareandcontrastrivalscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved.
問題2選項
A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsense-dataconveyedbyquanta
B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems
C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable
D.disparagethosescientistswhobelievethatmeasurementbymeansofquantaoffersanaccuratepictureoftheworld
問題3選項
A.existindependentlyofsense-data
B.aregraduatedonlyininches
C.cannotwithpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength
D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition
問題4選項
A.insistenceonscrupulouslyprecisemathematicalformulations
B.understandingoftheinherentinterrelationshipofperceiverandperceived
C.recognitionoftheneedforsophisticatedinstrumentsofmeasurement
D.emphasisonsmall-scaleratherthanonlarge-scalephenomena
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:B
【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知文章主要講到了我們視覺感知的局限性阻礙人類精確感知世界的問題,隨后由該問題引入極長波長量子的概念并加以討論,所以這篇文章的主要目的是討論阻礙人類精確感知世界的問題,所以A選項‘討論一個阻礙對世界的精確認知的問題’正確;B選項“指出現(xiàn)行測量單位的不合理性”、C選項“對于將觀察者與被觀察物進行區(qū)分的行為進行批判”和D選項“比較不同的科學對于如何測量和觀察世界的問題的不同假設”都只是文章中的細節(jié)部分。
2.推理判斷題。文章在第一段的末尾運用了類比的修辭手法,要想找到作者以孩童作畫作比的目的需要往回追溯,分析文章第一段的倒數(shù)二、三句“Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.S
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