考研考博-英語-天津外國語大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津外國語大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe___oflessons.

問題1選項

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.observation觀察；監(jiān)視B.investigation調查；調查研究

C.inspection視察；檢查D.examination考試；檢查

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據句意，教師實習的學生經常去學校參加培訓，培訓的內容是forthe____oflessons，由此可以推斷出進行教師實習的學生是去本地的學校觀察上課。observation指一段時間內仔細觀察某人/某事物的行為，尤指為了學習某事物。因此A.observation“觀察”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項investigation指對某一情況、犯罪等事實的官方審查，或者是對某一主題或問題的事實進行的科學或學術檢查，而本句重點在于去觀察當?shù)貙W校的課程，不屬于犯罪等事實，也不屬于科學或學術檢查；

C選項inspection指對學校、工廠等的正式訪問，以檢查規(guī)章是否被遵守，標準是否可接受，教師實習的學生并不是正式訪問，排除；

D選項examination指仔細檢查（某事物/某人），尤指檢查是否有問題或找出問題的原因，不符合句子語境。

【句意】在他們的第一個教師培訓年，學生們經常去當?shù)貙W校觀察課程。

2.單選題

4.

問題1選項

A.Hepreferstotakepillstogetantioxid.

B.Hepreferstogetantioxidantsfromfood.

C.Hedoesn’tmindeatingaloteveryday.

D.Heisovercautioussometimes.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Weneedanti-oxidantstopreventourselvesfromdevelopingcancer,butIdon’tliketakingpillstogetit.

M:Butyouneedtoeatamountainoffoodeverydaytogetalloftheanti-oxidantsyouneed.

W:Idrinkalotofgreentea;Ieatonion,garlicandcitrousfood.Ialsogetninedifferentcolorsofvegetableseveryday.

M:Allthosehaveanti-oxidants,butIwanttobeonthesafeside.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】固定詞組。beonthesafeside意為“安全可靠，穩(wěn)妥”。

3.單選題

ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.linthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease“becausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore,”saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpcriticismofautomobilecameinadiscussionofhumanenvironmentonYaleReports,aradioprogrambroadcastbyStationWTICinHartford.Connecticut.Theprogramopenedathree-partserieson“StayingAlive”.“Forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,theproblemofman’ssurvivalhastodowithhiscontrolofman-madedangers,”Dr.Weinermansaid.“Beforethis，theproblemhadbeenthecontrolofnaturaldangers.”

Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“l(fā)essensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar-everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorGalstoncontinued.“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?”

ForPaulB.Sears,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue，underthefalseideathatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore，ethicallyjustified”.ProfessorSearsalsocalledthecountry’sdependenceonitsmodernautomobile“l(fā)ousyeconomics”becauseofthelargehorsepowerusedsimply“movingonepersontowork”.ButheagreedthatAmericanshavepaintedthemselvesintoacomerbyallowingthenationaleconomytobecomesoreliantontheautomobileindustry.

AccordingtoDr.Weinerman,automobiles,notthefactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmericancities,andthesmogpresentsthepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.“Withinanotherfivetotenyears,it’spossibletohaveanepidemicoflungcancerinacitylikeLosAngeles.Thisisanewphenomenoninhealthconcern,”hesaid.

Thesolution,hecontinued,is“nottofindalessdangerousfuel，butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.

1.Themainideaofthisarticleisthat___.

2.InParagraph2,ProfessorGalstonimpliesthat___.

3.Inparagraph3,ProfessorSearsimpliesthat___.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that___.

5.Dr.Weinermanwouldprobablyagreethat___,ifpublictransportationwereimproved.

問題1選項

A.Americansaretooattachedtotheircars

B.Americancarsruntoofastandconsumetoomuchfuel

C.Theautomobileindustryhascausedallthistohappen

D.automobilesendangerboththeenvironmentandpeople

問題2選項

A.peoplearemoreinterestedinfastautomobilesthanintheirhealth.

B.kerosene-burningcarswouldpollutetheenvironmentmoreseriouslythangasoline-burningenginesdo

C.Americansfeelmorecloselyconnectedtotheircarsthantotheenvironment

D.Itisnotrightforeveryfamilytohaveatleasttwocars

問題3選項

A.technologyisalwaysgoodforpeople

B.technologyisnotalwaysgoodforpeople

C.financialprofitismoreimportantthantechnologicaladvancement

D.technologicaladvancementwillimprovefinancialprofit

問題4選項

A.afuellessdangerousthangasolinemustbefound

B.peopleshouldgetridoftheircarsandtakethebustowork

C.publictransportationshouldbeimprovedsothatpeoplecanbecomelessdependentupontheircarsforinner-citytransportation

D.theonlysolutiontothisproblemistobuildmorehighwaysandmoresubways

問題5選項

A.theinnercitymightimprove

B.themiddleclasswouldmovetothesuburbs

C.publicroadswouldgetworse

D.therewouldstillbeanurgentneedtobuildmorehighways

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。定位到原文第一段中心句ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.1inthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease…（三位耶魯大學教授在今晚的小組討論中一致認為汽車是他們中的一位所說的“這個國家的頭號公共衛(wèi)生敵人”除了污染空氣和堵塞城市，汽車還與一半以上的致殘事故有關，它們還會引發(fā)心臟病……），第一段第一句點名文章主題：汽車對人類和環(huán)境造成了傷害。接下來幾段圍繞這一中心展開，則選D選項“汽車危害環(huán)境和人”；A選項“美國人太依賴他們的汽車了”，B選項“美國汽車跑得太快，消耗太多燃料”以及C選項“汽車工業(yè)導致了這一切的發(fā)生”都是片面內容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據題干定位到第二段Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“l(fā)essensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar—everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorGalstoncontinued.“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?”（生物學教授ArthurW.Galston在談到汽車的許多這些危險時表示，制造一種燃燒煤油的汽車，“在很大程度上減少煙霧”是可能的。但他對美國人是否愿意放棄開著時速90英里的大型汽車在鄉(xiāng)間穿梭表示懷疑。高爾斯頓教授繼續(xù)說：“美國似乎已經和汽車密不可分——每個家庭至少得有兩輛，其中一輛必須是一輛300馬力的敞篷車?！薄斑@是我們選擇的生活方式嗎，因為我們珍惜這些價值?”）可知制造一種燃燒煤油的汽車，“在很大程度上減少煙霧”是可能的，但是從教授后面所說的話可以看到美國人可能不愿意這樣做，不愿意為了環(huán)境減少用車或者改變一些用車習慣，則選C選項“美國人感覺與汽車的關系比與環(huán)境的關系更密切”；A選項“人們對高速汽車比他們的健康更感興趣”，B選項“燃燒煤油的汽車比燃燒汽油的發(fā)動機污染環(huán)境更嚴重”在原文未提及；D選項“每個家庭至少有兩輛車是不對的”，教授只是舉每個家庭有兩輛車的例子來證明自己所暗示的內容：美國人感覺與汽車的關系更密切。因此C選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據題干定位到第三段第一句ForPaulB.Sears,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue,underthefalseideathatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore,ethicallyjustified”.（對環(huán)境保護學教授PaulB.Sears來說，部分原因在于“一個將利潤視為最高價值的社會，存在著一種錯誤的想法，即任何技術上可能的事情都因此在倫理上是正當?shù)摹保┛芍xB選項“技術并不總是對人有好處”，PaulB.Sears教授認為并不是技術上能實現(xiàn)的東西對人就是好的，同時可知A選項錯誤“科技總是對人有好處”，和原文相悖；C選項“財務利潤比技術進步更重要”，D選項“技術進步將提高財政利潤”未在文章內提及。因此B選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據題干定位到第五段Thesolution,hecontinued,is“nottofindalessdangerousfuel,butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.（他接著說，解決辦法“不是找到一種危險性較小的燃料，而是一種不同的市內交通系統(tǒng)。由于汽車的使用越來越多，公共交通已經被允許萎縮和退化，因此，如果你不能步行到你想去的地方，你必須在大多數(shù)城市有一輛車，”他斷言。Dr.Weinerman認為，這反過來又是造成公共道路“動脈硬化”的原因，也是造成市中心衰敗和中產階級向郊區(qū)遷移的原因）可知Dr.Weinerman認為目前的市內交通系統(tǒng)不合適，會導致人們更偏向于選擇汽車，而這又會造成公共道路“動脈硬化”，解決方法不是找到一種危險性較小的燃料，而是改善目前的公共交通，選C選項“公共交通應該得到改善，這樣人們就可以減少在市內交通中對汽車的依賴”，同時可知A選項“必須找到一種比汽油危險小的燃料”錯誤，B選項“人們應該擺脫他們的汽車，乘公共汽車去上班”邏輯關系錯誤，根據Dr.Weinerman的話，我們可知目前情況，公共交通不改善的話人們并不愿意擺脫汽車；D選項“解決這個問題的唯一辦法是修建更多的高速公路和地鐵”屬于過度推斷。因此C選項正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據題干定位到第五段This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.（Dr.Weinerman認為，這反過來又是造成公共道路“動脈硬化”的原因，也是造成市中心衰敗和中產階級向郊區(qū)遷移的原因）可知Dr.Weinerman認為如果公共交通得到改善，市中心的情況會改善，中產階級可能不會一致向郊區(qū)遷移，選A選項“市中心可能會改善”，同時可知B選項“中產階級將搬到郊區(qū)”不符合原文；C選項“公共道路會變得更糟”未在原文中提及；D選項“仍然迫切需要建造更多的高速公路”過度推斷，排除。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Thebook（）wasnotintheschoollibrary.

問題1選項

A.towhichtheprofessorreferredus

B.towhichtheprofessorreferredtous

C.whichtheprofessorreferredus

D.whichtheprofessorreferredtous

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。當從句謂語動詞是不及物動詞時，定語從句用介詞+連接詞引導，refer表示“參考，查閱”的意思時為不及物動詞，用法是refersb.tosth.。句意：教授讓我們查閱的那本書不在學校圖書館。因此，本題的正確選項是A選項。

5.單選題

Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus（）observationsmadebyotherastronomers.

問題1選項

A.andalsowere

B.notonlybecauseof

C.alsobecausewere

D.andalsobecauseof

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據題干關鍵詞partly可知，空格后面表示另一部分原因，因此兩個原因應該用并列連詞and連接，排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引導第一個原因，后面可用becauseof與其并列。故選D項。句意：地心說在17世紀被拋棄，部分原因是哥白尼的著作，也因為其他天文學家的觀測結果。

6.單選題

Thegreatuseofschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthings（

）toteachyoutheartoflearning.

問題1選項

A.than

B.ratherthan

C.nor

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。Notsomuch…as表示“不是······而是······”。句意：學校教育的重大作用不是教給你什么而是教給你學習的方法。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Ihopethatwecanagreetotakeanunifiedapproachtodealingwiththeoppositiontoourprojectproposal.Weneedtocoordinateourefforts.

問題1選項

A.hopethatwecanagree

B.takeanunified

C.todealing

D.efforts

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。B項去掉冠詞an。takeunifiedapproach采取一致的手段。

8.單選題

Idon'tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（

）tothattypeofwork.

問題1選項

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。compatible意為“兼容的，相容的”；convenient意為“方便的”；consistent意為“與……一致的，相符的”；competent意為“有能力的，能勝任的”。

句意：我認為Johnson在他的新工作上不會成功的，因為他不能勝任那種類型的工作。

9.單選題

The150millionpeoplewholiveoutsidethecountryoftheirbirthmakeuplessthan2.5percentofworldpopulation,buttheyhaveanimportancefarbeyondtheirnumbers.Someinternationalmigrantsarerefugeesorstudents,butthosewiththemostimpactareeconomicmigrants,drawntoplacessuchasLosAngeles,wherethewagesmaybethreetimesgreaterthanthoseinBombay.Thesemigrantstendtobeyoungandwillingtoworkforlowwages.Thoughtraditionallyunskilled,agrowingnumberarehighlyeducated.

Immigrationisnowthemajorcontributortodemographicchangeinmanydevelopedcountries.IntheU.S.,accordingtothelatestU.S.CensusBureauprojection,thepopulationwillgrowby129millionintheperiodfrom2000to2050,butifimmigrationstopsitwouldgoupbyjust54million.WesternEurope’spopulationis42percentgreaterthanthatoftheU.S.,butitsprojectedimmigrationisonlyabouthalfthatoftheU.S.;asaconsequence,theregionexpectedtolose28millionpeopleoverthenext50years.Japan,whichhasclosetozeronetmigration,isprojectedtolose26millionby2050.(DeathswillstartoutrunningbirthsinwestEuropeandJapanaroundthemiddleofthisdecade).

Duringthepastsixyears,theU.S.received27percentoftheworldinternationalmigrants,comparedwith9percentbyGermany,thesecondmostpopulardestination.OnefourthofallmigrantstotheU.S.wenttoCalifornia;favoritecities,inorderofthenumberofforeign-bom,areLosAngeles,NewYorkCity,SanFrancisco,MiamiandChicago.

Internationalmigrantsprimarilycomefromdevelopingcountries,withChinaat14percentandMexicoat8percentbeingthelatestsources.Afewdevelopingcountries,suchasAfghanistan,Bosnia,LiberiaandRwanda,havehadsignificantinfluxesinrecentyears,butthesereflectmainlythemovementofrefugees.Mostdevelopingcountrieshadnegativenetmigration.

Inthepastfewyears,Europeancountrywithconsiderableimmigrationhashadareactionagainstforeignwork,accordingtosocialscientistChristopherJencksofHarvardUniversity.SomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990striedtorepatriatemigrantworkers.ThusfartheU.S.showsnosignsofreinstitutingtheextremelyrestrictiveImmigration,lawsofthepast,amajorreasonbeingthedependenceofmanyindustriesonasupplyofforeignlabor.Indeed,theAFL-CIO,onceanopponentofhighimmigrationquotashasreversepositionandisnowattemptingtoorganizeimmigrant.ThischangeinattitudeamongotherreasonsleadsJenckstoconcludethatasubstantialreversalofthecurrentliberalpoliciesisunlikely.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOTexactlydescribetheeconomicmigrants?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.immigrantsintheperiodfrom2000to2050willgrowby（

）.

3.Manyrefugeesmovefromtheirnationstosuchdevelopingcountriesas

（

）.

4.WhathappenedtosomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990s?

5.TheAFL-CIOlikestoorganizeimmigrantsnowbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theytendtobeyoung

B.Manyofthemarehighlyeducated

C.Theyarewillingtoworkforlowwages

D.Theyconstitute2.5%oftheworldpopulation.

問題2選項

A.129million

B.54million

C.75million

D.28million

問題3選項

A.Afghanistan

B.China

C.Mexico

D.Pakistan

問題4選項

A.Theytriedtoattractmiremigrantworkers.

B.Theywantedtodependmoreonforeignworkers.

C.Theymanagedtoorganizeimmigrants.

D.Theyattemptedtosendbackforeignworkers

問題5選項

A.itisanopponentofhighimmigrantquotas

B.itsdevelopmentisdependentonforeignlabor

C.ithasareactionagainstforeignworkers

D.itshowsnosignofreinstitutingimmigrationlaws

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段The150millionpeoplewholiveoutsidethecountryoftheirbirthmakeuplessthan2.5percentofworldpopulation,buttheyhaveanimportancefarbeyondtheirnumbers提到移民的人數(shù)占世界人口不到2.5%，所以選項D的描述是不準確的，符合題意。

2.thepopulationwillgrowby129millionintheperiodfrom2000to2050,butifimmigrationstopsitwouldgoupbyjust54million提到美國人口2000到2050年，將增長129million,除去移民的話增長54million，所以移民人數(shù)是75million。選項C符合題意。

3.文章倒數(shù)第二段Afewdevelopingcountries,suchasAfghanistan,Bosnia,LiberiaandRwanda,havehadsignificantinfluxesinrecentyears,butthesereflectmainlythemovementofrefugees提到阿富汗、波斯尼亞、利比里亞和盧旺達的移民主要是難民，選項A符合題意。

4.文章最后一段SomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990striedtorepatriatemigrantworkers提到在經濟蕭條期很多亞洲國家的人被遣返，選項D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段amajorreasonbeingthedependenceofmanyindustriesonasupplyofforeignlabor提到美國沒有制定嚴格地移民法律，是因為需要外國的勞動力。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

Atfirst,the（

）ofcolorpicturesoveralongdistanceseemedimpossiblebutwithpainstakingeffortsandatgreatexpense,itbecameareality.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析題。A選項transaction“辦理，處理；業(yè)務，交易”；B選項transmission“播送，發(fā)射，傳送”；C選項transformation“變化，轉化”；D選項transition“轉變，轉換”。句意：起初，遠距離傳輸彩色圖片似乎是不可能的，但隨著人們的艱苦努力和花費的巨大的代價，它終于變成了現(xiàn)實。結合句意，表示傳輸彩色圖片，故B選項正確。

11.單選題

Wemustlearntomeetmisfortunegracefully.

問題1選項

A.adversity

B.famine

C.enormity

D.nuance

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.adversity逆境；不幸B.famine饑荒

C.enormity巨大；暴行D.nuance細微差別

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據句意：我們必須學會優(yōu)雅地面對不幸。劃線詞misfortune意為“厄運；不幸”。因此A選項與之意思相近，選A。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】我們必須學會優(yōu)雅地面對不幸。

12.翻譯題

Heisaformerscientistwhotransitionedtoindustrymanyyearsagoandthenontoaseniormanagementposition.

【答案】他曾是一名科學家，多年前轉行到工業(yè)界，然后擔任高級管理職位。

13.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso￡groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問題1選項

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問題3選項

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive：knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道沒有了歡喜也沒了快樂,沒有了焦慮也沒了恐懼,人們可能很難存活。他們有可能重復傷害自己的行為，卻認為這是有益的。選項B符合原文。

2.根據第一段“Theycouldnotlearn：theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因為沒有情感的世界里根本不存在獎懲,所以人們無法學習。反之,如果因為做了正確的事情而得到了獎勵,那么人們就可能會學習。所以選項A符合原文內容。

3.根據第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社會的經濟基礎將被摧毀:因為沒有任何形式的激勵。所以,社會經濟基礎依賴于享受激勵的能力。選項C正確。

4.根據第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”選項B符合原文。

5.根據原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面構造了世界。作為個體，我們會根據自己的情緒來分類物品。由此可見,情感可以幫助我們適應周圍的世界，選項D符合原文。

14.單選題

Reading（）themindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge;itisthinkingthatmakeswhatwereadours.

問題1選項

A.rectifies

B.prolongs

C.furnishes

D.qualifies

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。rectifies改正；prolongs延長；furnishes提供；qualifies準予，取得資格。furnish…with提供…;句意：閱讀只為心靈提供知識素材，只有思考才能讓我們閱讀的內容成為我們自己的知識。只有C項符合句意。

15.單選題

AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationinwhichAIDSismost（）.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.prevalent

C.relevant

D.rigorous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；C選項relevant“相關的；切題的”；D選項rigorous“嚴格的，嚴厲的”。句意：艾滋病是一個全球性的問題，需要一個統(tǒng)一的、全球性的解決辦法，而不僅是艾滋病盛行的國家的責任。句意要表達的是“艾滋病盛行的國家”，因此B選項正確。

16.單選題

In___timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

問題1選項

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項prime“主要的；最好的；基本的”；B選項primitive“原始的，遠古的；簡單的，粗糙的”；C選項primary“主要的；初級的；基本的”；D選項preliminary“初步的；開始的；預備的”。句意：在原始時代，人類旅行不是為了娛樂，而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。因此B選項正確。

17.單選題

Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhave______astheamountofmoneyborrowed.

問題1選項

A.asthesamevalue

B.thesamevalue

C.valueasthesame

D.thevalueisthesame

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。句子中的空格部分做賓語從句中的賓語成分，故可排除D選項；“與……相同”可用“as…as”和“thesameas”，無“asthesameas”這種表達；二者的區(qū)別為：as+adj/adv.+as；thesame(+n.)as，故可排除A選項和C選項，根據句意：消除通貨膨脹應確保還貸的錢應與所貸款的價值相同?？芍狟選項正確。

18.單選題

WhenRobertShiller,aYaleeconomistandbestsellingauthor,toldacrowdoffinanceprofessorsandeconomicsstudentslastspringthatonly10percentofhismoneywasinvestedinstocks,theygasped.

Managersmightsuggestanywherefrom50to90percent.But10percent?Thiswasheresy.

Howabout0percent?

That’sthesharethatinvestorsshouldplowintodomesticstocks,accordingtoBenInker,directorofassetallocationforGrantham,Mayo,andVanOtterloo&,Co.(GMO),amoney-managementfirmwithsome$85billioninassets.

Welcometoacontrarianviewoftoday'sequitymarkets.Asmallbutvocalbandofhereticsiscallingintoquestionnotonlytheprofitpotentialofstocksbutalsothefoundationforconventionalwisdomaboutinvesting.Evenforthosewhodisagreewiththem,theirargumentsserveasarealitycheckforthemarket.

Areconventionalportfoliosreallyassafeasexpertssay?

“Don’tbesurprisedthattheWallStreetbrokeragefirmsspendmostoftheirtimetellingyouthatstocksarecheap,”warnsMr.Inker.“WallStreetlikesthemarket.Itlikestrading.WallStreetmakesalotmoremoneyoffoftradingstocksthantradingbonds.”

Thetrickistodetermineyourportfolio’sexposuretorisk,analystssay.Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegreeonhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou’repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modemportfoliotheory,”whichcameintobeinginthe1950sandeventuallywonitscreator,HarryMarkowitz,aNobelPrize

Essentially,portfoliotheoryholdsthatinvestorsreapthegreatestreturnwiththeleastriskwhentheyallocatetheirmoneyamongdiverseclassesofassets,holdthemforthelongterm,andrebalancetheportfoliowhenthevariousclassesofassetsstraytoofarfromtheiroriginalallocation.

Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon'tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon.Amiscalculationinevenoneofthesesteps,however,canseriouslyhurltheprospectsforreachingyourultimategoal.

“Thelong-termnatureisthedrivingforceoftheportfolio,”saysJerryKorabilk,vicepresidentofIbbotsonAssociates,aChicago-basedassetallocationadviser.“Allofourclientsareinstitutions,andwedevelopportfolioswith10-,20-,even30-yeartimehorizons.”

Ridingtherollercoaster

Thus,investorsshouldnevertrytogetinandoutofthemarketatspecifictimes,thetheoryholds.Instead,theyshouldridetheinevitableebbandflowofprices.Iftheyhaveallocatedtheirmoneycorrectly,someportionoftheirportfoliowillalmostalwaysbemakingmoney.Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodically——sellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers—theyarecontinuallybuyinglowandsellinghigh,atleastinarelativesense.

Thisbuy-and-holdstrategyhaswonoverhordesofinvestors.TheaverageFidelityretirementaccounthasnearly60percentofitsmoneyinstocks,arecentstudyfound.Theoverallaverageforretirementaccounts:61percent,accordingtotheEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitute.Evenequityallocationsforcollegeanduniversityendowmentshoveraround57.1percent,saystheNationalAssociationofCollegeandUniversityBusinessOfficers.

Theproblemisthatinvestorssometimeshavetobeextraordinarilypatientforthestrategytopayoff.In1981,forexample,theS&P500indexstoodatthesamelevelitfirstachievedin1965.Todaytheindexisabout30percentlowerthanitspeakin2000.Doinvestorsreallyhavetoputupwithsuchlongperiodsoflosses?

Profitsofimpatience

No,sayasmallcontingentofmoneymanagers.Byavoidingthestockmarketastheirprimaryengineforprofitduringthepastfiveyears,severalofthesemanagershavepostedgoodreturns.

TakethePermanentPortfolioF