考研考博-英語-太原理工大學(xué)現(xiàn)代科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原理工大學(xué)現(xiàn)代科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.

（1）Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.

（2）Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.Themodernmanifestationofthisissupply-sideeconomics.Supply-sideeconomicsholdsthattherichintheUnitedStateshavenotbeenworkingbecausetheyhavetoolittleincome.So,bytakingmoneyfromthepoorandgivingittotherich,weincreaseeffortandstimulatetheeconomy.Canwereallybelievethatanyconsiderablenumberofthepoorpreferwelfaretoagoodjob?（3）

Orthatbusinesspeople—corporateexecutives,thekeyfiguresinourtime—areidlingawaytheirhoursbecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirpay?ThisisascandalouschargeagainsttheAmericanbusinessperson,notablyahardworker.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.

Thefourthdesignforgettingthepooroffourconscienceistopointtothepresumedadverseeffectonfreedomoftakingresponsibilityforthem.Freedomconsistsoftherighttospendamaximumofone’smoneybyone’sownchoice,andtoseeaminimumtakenandspentbythegovernment.(Again,expenditureonnationaldefenseisexcepted.)IntheenduringwordsofProfessorMiltonFriedman,peoplemustbe“freetochoose.”

Thisispossiblythemosttransparentofallofthedesigns;nomentionisordinarilymadeoftherelationofincometothefreedomofthepoor.(ProfessorFriedmanishereanexception;throughthenegativeincometax,hewouldassureeveryoneabasicincome.)（4）

Thereis,wecansurelyagree,noformofoppressionthatisquitesogreat,noconstructiononthoughtandeffortquitesocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomesfromhavingnomoneyatall.

（5）Thoughwehearmuchaboutthelimitationonthefreedomoftheaffluentwhentheirincomeisreducedthroughtaxes,wehearnothingoftheextraordinaryenhancementofthefreedomofthepoorfromhavingsomemoneyoftheirowntospend.Yetthelossoffreedomfromtaxationtotherichisasmallthingascomparedwiththegaininfreedomfromprovidingsomeincometotheimpoverished.Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.

【答案】1.當(dāng)然，他們找不到哪怕一點(diǎn)證據(jù)表明以上的傷害與失去政府援助給窮人造成的傷害有任何可比性。

2.第三個(gè)，也是與此密切相關(guān)的，旨在減輕我們對(duì)窮人的責(zé)任的設(shè)計(jì)，是公共援助措施對(duì)激勵(lì)產(chǎn)生不利影響的論點(diǎn)。

3.您真的相信我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的大人物們，比如說公司的法人或者總經(jīng)理，會(huì)因?yàn)橘嵉纳俣沼问趾瞄e，不思工作嗎？這是對(duì)美國(guó)商人，特別是努力工作的商人們的誹謗。信念可以是真理的仆從，也可以是便利的仆從。

4.無可爭(zhēng)辯的是，沒有任何一種對(duì)人的壓迫和對(duì)思想努力的束縛更甚于來自身無分文的壓迫和束縛。

5.我們常聽到當(dāng)富人抱怨他們的自由因征稅導(dǎo)致收入減少而受限，卻不曾聽到因?yàn)榈玫娇苫ㄖX而顯著提高了窮人的自由的消息。

2.單選題

ComedianGeorgeCarlinhasaroutineinwhichhetalksabouthowhumansseemtospendtheirlivesaccumulating“stuff”.Oncethey’vegatheredenoughstuff,theyhavetofindplacestostoreallofit.IfCarlinweretoupdatethatroutinetoday,hecouldmakethesame（1）aboutcomputerinformation.Itseemsthateveryonewithacomputerspendsalotoftimeacquiringdataandthentryingtofindawayto（2）it.

Forsomecomputerowners,findingenoughstoragespacetoholdallthedatathey’veacquiredisarealchallenge.Somepeopleinvestinlargerharddrives.Othersprefer（3）storagedeviceslikethumbdrivesorcompactdiscs.Desperatecomputerownersmightdeleteentirefoldersworthofoldfilesinordertomakespacefornewinformation.（4）somearechoosingtorelyonagrowingtrend:cloudstorage.

Whilecloudstoragesoundslikeithassomethingtodowithweather（5）andstormsystems,itreallyreferstosavingdata（6）anoff-sitestoragesystemmaintainedbyathirdparty.（7）storinginformationtoyourcomputer’sharddriveorotherlocalstoragedevice,yousaveittoaremotedatabase.TheInternetprovidestheconnectionbetweenyourcomputerandthedatabase.

Onthesurface,cloudstoragehasseveraladvantages（8）traditionaldatastorage.Forexample,ifyoustoreyourdataonacloudstoragesystem,you’llbeabletogettothatdatafromanylocationthathasInternetaccess.You（9）needtocarryarounda（10）storagedeviceorusethesamecomputertosaveand（11）yourinformation.Withtherightstoragesystem,youcouldevenallowotherpeopletoaccessthedata,turningapersonalprojectintoa（12）effort.

Socloudstorageisconvenientandoffersmore（13）,buthowdoesitwork?

Therearehundredsofdifferentcloudstoragesystems.Somehaveaveryspecific（14）,suchasstoringWebe-mailmessagesordigitalpictures.Othersare（15）tostoreallformsofdigitaldata.Somecloudstoragesystemsaresmalloperations,whileothersaresolargethatthephysicalequipmentcanfill（16）anentirewarehouse.Thefacilitiesthat（17）loudstoragesystemsarecalleddatacenters.

Atitsmostbasiclevel,acloudstoragesystemneedsjustonedataserver（18）totheInternet.Aclient,e.g.acomputerusersubscribingtoacloudstorageservicesendscopiesoffilesovertheInternettothedataserver,whichthenrecordstheinformation.Whentheclientwishestoretrievetheinformation,heorsheaccessesthedataserverthroughaWeb-basedinterface.Theservertheneithersendsthefilesbacktotheclientorallowstheclienttoaccessandmanipulatethefilesontheserveritself.

Cloudstoragesystemsgenerallyrelyonhundredsofdataservers.Becausecomputers（19）requiremaintenanceorrepair,it’simportanttostorethesameinformationonmultiplemachines.Thisiscalledredundancy.Withoutredundancy,acloudstoragesystemcouldn’t（20）clientsthattheycouldaccesstheirinformationatanygiventime.Mostsystemsstorethesamedataonserversthatusedifferentpowersupplies.Thatway,clientscanaccesstheirdataevenifonepowersupplyfails.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.examination

B.observation

C.inspection

D.acquaintance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.store

B.update

C.process

D.calculate

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.internal

B.portable

C.local

D.external

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.But

B.While

C.And

D.So

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.forecast

B.report

C.fronts

D.system

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.onto

B.to

C.in

D.upon

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Apartfrom

B.Otherthan

C.Insteadof

D.Regardlessof

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.than

B.except

C.for

D.over

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.shouldn’t

B.wouldn’t

C.mustn’t

D.couldn’t

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.physical

B.substantial

C.tangible

D.local

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.store

B.share

C.access

D.retrieve

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.comprehensive

B.collaborative

C.coordinated

D.combining

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.opportunity

B.chance

C.convenience

D.favor

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.focus

B.purpose

C.use

D.operation

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.capable

C.applicable

D.desirable

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.up

C.for

D.into

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.hold

B.save

C.house

D.run

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.connecting

B.connected

C.connect

D.beingconnected

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.probably

B.inconveniently

C.invariably

D.occasionally

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.promise

C.assure

D.guarantee

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。examination考試；observation觀察；inspection檢查；acquaintance泛泛之交。makeanobservationaboutsth.，就某事發(fā)表看法。選項(xiàng)B符合要求。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。store儲(chǔ)存；update更新；process加工；calculate計(jì)算。聯(lián)系上文，與前文“tostoreallofit”對(duì)應(yīng)。句意：試圖找到儲(chǔ)存它的方式。

3.

考查形容詞辨析。internal內(nèi)部的；portable便捷的；local地方的；external外部的；下文“thumbdrivesorcompactdiscs”（拇指驅(qū)動(dòng)器或光盤），這些都是外部的存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備，選項(xiàng)D符合要求。

4.

考查邏輯連接詞。But但是，表轉(zhuǎn)折；while然而，表讓步；And并且，表遞進(jìn)；So因此，表因果。根據(jù)上下文可判斷出本句前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合要求。

5.

考查固定搭配。forecast預(yù)報(bào)；report報(bào)道；fronts前面；鋒面；system系統(tǒng)。weatherfronts為固定搭配，意為“前鋒，鋒面”。

6.

固定用法。save...to...，意為“將……存儲(chǔ)到……上”。句意：將數(shù)據(jù)保存到異地存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)上。

7.

考查邏輯連接詞。本句前后的邏輯關(guān)系是對(duì)比關(guān)系。apartfrom“遠(yuǎn)離，除……之外”；otherthan“除了，不同于”，一般不用于句首；insteadof“代替”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.考查介詞辨析。than比……；except除了；for為了……；over超過。句意：云儲(chǔ)存有一些超過傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)儲(chǔ)存的優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.

考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。Couldn’t表示不能；wouldn’t表示不會(huì)；Shouldn’t表示不應(yīng)該，語氣比較委婉；mustn’t表示禁止，語氣比較強(qiáng)烈。選項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)符合要求。

10.

考查固定用法。physical物理的；substantial巨大的；tangible有形的；local本地的，地方的。Physicalstoragedevice為固定用法，意思為“物理存儲(chǔ)器”。

11.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。store儲(chǔ)存；share分享；access獲得，得到；retrieve檢索，恢復(fù)，取回。句意：不必用同一臺(tái)電腦存儲(chǔ)和獲取信息。retrieve“恢復(fù)，重新得到”。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.

考查形容詞辨析。comprehensive“綜合的”,collaborative“合作的”，coordinated“協(xié)同的”，combining“混合的”。句意：將個(gè)人項(xiàng)目轉(zhuǎn)化為多個(gè)人努力。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.

考查名詞辨析。opportunity“時(shí)機(jī)”，chance“機(jī)會(huì)”，convenience“便利”，favor“幫助，贊成”；句意：云儲(chǔ)存能提供更多的便利。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.

考查名詞辨析。focus“焦點(diǎn)，關(guān)注”；purpose“目的，用途”；use“使用，用途”；operation“操作，經(jīng)營(yíng)”；句意：一些云儲(chǔ)存系統(tǒng)擁有十分專門的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.考查形容詞辨析。available“可獲取的”，capable“能夠的，可以的”，applicable“適用的”，desirable“需要的，期望的”。句意：其他的能用來儲(chǔ)存各種形式的數(shù)據(jù)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.

考查介詞辨析。fillin“填寫，填充，替代”；fillup“裝滿，堵塞”；fillinto“填入，填充”；fill后面不直接接for。句意：塞滿整個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。hold“支撐”，save“存儲(chǔ)”，house“把……儲(chǔ)存在房?jī)?nèi)”，run“管理”；句意：把云存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)儲(chǔ)藏在房?jī)?nèi)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.

考查后置定語。句意：一個(gè)云儲(chǔ)存系統(tǒng)只需要一臺(tái)連接網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器。與邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過去分詞做后置定語。選項(xiàng)B符合要求。

19.

考查副詞辨析。probably“可能地”；inconveniently“不方便地”；invariably“總是，不變地”；occasionally“偶爾，間或”。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)偶爾需要維修。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

20.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ensure“確保某事發(fā)生”；promise“承諾”;assure“表示向某人保證某事將要發(fā)生”；guarantee“對(duì)人的行為及履行義務(wù)等承擔(dān)責(zé)任的保證”。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.填空題

Direction:Thereisadefectineachofthefollowingsentences,pleaseimprovethesentencesbyrewritingwiththelestmodificationonANSWERSHEET(10%)

Example:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlthateverymanwantstomarry.

Answer:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlwhomeverymanwantstomarry.

66.Iwillreadtheresearchpaperswhichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.

67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudent,beinginhisofficeatthetime.

68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andwerefishinginvariouslakes.

69.Theteachertoldusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.

70.Beforewriting,wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.

【答案】66.Iwillreadtheresearchpapersfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.

67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudentinhisofficeatthetime.

68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andfishedinvariouslakes.

69.Theteachertellsusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.

70.Beforewriting,thatwespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.

【解析】66.whichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline應(yīng)作為定語修飾papers,而which引導(dǎo)定語從句在句中缺乏謂語動(dòng)詞，因此需要去掉which，變成介詞短語直接作后置定語。

67.將逗號(hào)和being去掉，介詞短語inhisofficeatthetime可直接作后置定語修飾thestudent，整個(gè)句子會(huì)更加簡(jiǎn)潔。

68.在一個(gè)句中出現(xiàn)了以and連接的并列成分，后面的詞性、時(shí)態(tài)均保持一致。故應(yīng)將werefishing更改為fished，與前面的saw和watched保持一致。

69.考查語法時(shí)態(tài)，主將從現(xiàn)。從句中使用的是一般將來時(shí)表虛擬，主句應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)才符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)。因此需要將主句的謂語動(dòng)詞told改為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)tell，主語是theteacher為第三人單數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞的使用應(yīng)與其保持一致，應(yīng)改為tells。

70.句中成分完整，但wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformation做主語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略。

4.單選題

Onlysovereignstatesareabletomaketreaties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constitutional

B.powerful

C.legitimate

D.independent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)constitutionaladj.憲法的，本質(zhì)的；B選項(xiàng)powerfuladj.強(qiáng)大的，有力的；C選項(xiàng)legitimateadj.合法的，正當(dāng)?shù)?；D選項(xiàng)independentadj.獨(dú)立的，單獨(dú)的，無黨派的。根據(jù)題意可知，只有主權(quán)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家才能制定條約，因此本題選擇D項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Theactresswasvery（）attheinsultingquestionraisedbyheropponentatthe

conference.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extraterrestrial

B.explicit

C.indignant

D.innovative

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。extraterrestrial地球外的，宇宙的；explicit外在的，清楚的；indignant憤怒的，憤慨的；innovative創(chuàng)新的，革新的。根據(jù)句中insultingquestionraisedbyheropponent(對(duì)手提出的侮辱性問題)可知，她應(yīng)該是非常憤怒。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（）hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhich

D.whichtobebasedon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意：教授很難找到充分的理由來支撐自己支持新理論的論據(jù)。由此可知，要把hisargument建立在grounds的基礎(chǔ)上，即“basehisargumentsonthegrounds”，變成定語從句需要將介詞on提到關(guān)系代詞which的前面，即“onwhichtobasehisarguments”，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.單選題

Understandingtheflexibilityofaprospectivepartner'snegotiateddealstermsprovidescriticalinsightintothenegotiationprocess（）whatyoucanexpecttoachieveduringthenegotiationofterms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.incaseof

C.infavorof

D.inviewof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。intermsof依據(jù)，在…方面；incaseof以免；infavorof有利于，支持；inviewof鑒于，考慮到。句意：從談判的過程中，你期待能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情的方面，了解潛在合作伙伴的談判條件的靈活性為談判過程提供了重要的視角。空格后的內(nèi)容是談判的一方面，故A項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，是關(guān)系人民福祉、關(guān)于民族未來的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)大計(jì)。面對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，我們必須樹立尊重自然、保護(hù)自然的生態(tài)文明理念，把生態(tài)文明建設(shè)放在突出地位，融入經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)各個(gè)方面和全過程，努力建設(shè)美麗中國(guó)，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的永續(xù)發(fā)展。

【答案】Promotingecologicalprogressisalong-termtaskofvitalimportancetothepeople’swellbeingandChina’sfuture.Facedwithadeterioratingecosystem,wemustraiseourecologicalawarenessoftheneedtorespectandprotectnature.Wemustgivehighprioritytomakingecologicalprogressandincorporateitintoallaspectsandthewholeprocessofadvancingeconomic,cultural,andsocialprogress,workhardtobuildabeautifulcountry,andachievelastingandsustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

9.單選題

Plasticsarelighterandmore____resistantthanmetal,buttheyarenotusuallystrong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contraction

B.collision

C.corrosion

D.corruption

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contraction收縮；縮小B.collision碰撞；沖突

C.corrosion腐蝕；侵蝕D.corruption腐敗；墮落

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：塑料比金屬更輕，更耐……，但它們通常不堅(jiān)固。由常識(shí)可知大部分塑料的抗腐蝕能力強(qiáng)，因此選C選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)contraction“收縮；縮小”，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知塑料遇熱易收縮，不符合句意。

B選項(xiàng)collision“碰撞；沖突”，主要指碰撞（或相撞）事故，不符合句意。

D選項(xiàng)corruption“腐??；墮落”不符合句意。

【句意】塑料比金屬更輕，更耐腐蝕，但通常不堅(jiān)固。

10.單選題

Almostasa（）totherevivalofGreekknowledgeandvaluescametherevivalofinterestinmathematics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.corollary

B.outcome

C.consequence

D.results

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)corollary“推論，必然的結(jié)果”；B選項(xiàng)outcome“結(jié)局，成果”；C選項(xiàng)consequence“重要性，推論”；D選項(xiàng)results“后果”。句意：希臘知識(shí)和價(jià)值觀的復(fù)興幾乎是必然的結(jié)果，人們對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的興趣也隨之復(fù)蘇。選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

11.單選題

Mostlargecompaniesprefercustomizedcomputersoftwarebecauseitcanbemoldedtofitthewayacompanydoesbusiness,（

）off-the-shelfsoftwareoftenrequirethecompanytoalteritsprocedurestofitthesoftware.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.since

C.whereas

D.because

【答案】A

【解析】考查連接詞。when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；since“自從，既然”；whereas“然而，反而”；because“因?yàn)椤?。句意：在流行軟件通常要求公司改變程序以適應(yīng)軟件的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)公司更喜歡定制軟件，因?yàn)樗梢员徽{(diào)整以適應(yīng)公司的業(yè)務(wù)方式。前后句沒有構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

（

）eatriceratherthanpotatoes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mostofpeople

B.Mostofthepeople

C.Themostofpeople

D.Themostpeople

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。most后面可以直接跟可數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“大多數(shù)”；mostof后面接有定冠詞、指示代詞或物主代詞所修飾的名詞，表示“特定范圍中的大多數(shù)”；themost后面通常跟形容詞，表示最高級(jí)。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

TheTVnewsmagazinesitspreciselyatthe（

）ofinformationandentertainment,forwhileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.foundation

B.juncture

C.institution

D.cessation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。foundation“基礎(chǔ)，地基，創(chuàng)立”；juncture“接縫，接合”；institution“制度，建立，（社會(huì)或宗教等）公共機(jī)構(gòu)”；cessation“停止，中止”。根據(jù)句中“whileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither雖然它不是愚蠢的情景喜劇，但它也不是記錄片?！笨芍崭裉幍木湟馐恰娨曅侣勲s志正好位于信息與娛樂的結(jié)合處，’B選項(xiàng)的“結(jié)合”正確。

14.單選題

Thatkindofbirdhasbecomemore____aroundherelately;weshouldprotectthemfrombeingshot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.various

B.numerable

C.multiple

D.numerous

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.various各種各樣的B.numerable可數(shù)的

C.multiple數(shù)量多的D.numerous許多的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】空格所在部分語義為“這種鳥最近在這里變得更加____（more____）了”，空格處所填詞在該句中做表語；根據(jù)后文“我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)它們不受槍擊”推測(cè)，這種鳥在這里可能會(huì)被獵殺，一般鳥多的地方會(huì)出現(xiàn)偷獵行為，因此數(shù)量變多了符合原句語義銜接，D選項(xiàng)numerous“許多的”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)various“各種各樣的”不符合原句語義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)numerable“可數(shù)的”，是numerous的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)multiple“數(shù)量多的”，只能用于名詞前，做定語，但原句中空格后沒有名詞；

【句意】最近這種鳥在這里越來越多了；我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)它們不受槍擊。

15.單選題

Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica’smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople’shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds——sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.

Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoy-ancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesan-noyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.

Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessarya-mountsofrest.

Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbe-tweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.

1.InParagraph1,thephrase“immuneto”isusedtomean（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit（）.

5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unaffectedby

B.hurtby

C.unlikelytobeseenby

D.unknownby

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.unrealistic

B.traditional

C.concerned

D.hysterical

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.

B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.

C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.

D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isagainstthelaw

B.canmakesomepeopleirritable

C.isanuisance

D.isadangertopeople’shealth

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unimportant

B.impossible

C.awasteofmoney

D.essential

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)“immuneto”定位至其后面一句：Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds（盡管我們似乎通過忽視噪音來適應(yīng)噪音，但實(shí)際上，耳朵永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)關(guān)閉，身體仍然會(huì)做出反應(yīng)），由此推斷我們不可能不受噪音的影響，選項(xiàng)A"unaffectedby”表示“不受影響”。

2.文章最后一段提出：為什么人們沒有對(duì)噪音問題更為警醒，并且后面給出了若干猜測(cè)的理由，都指出了人們對(duì)噪音問題不夠重視，說明作者十分關(guān)注噪音對(duì)人類的健康產(chǎn)生的影響，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

3.文章第一段和最后一段的大意為：噪音已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)普遍的問題，但是人們并沒有重視噪音對(duì)人體健康產(chǎn)生的危害。選項(xiàng)C表示“噪音是一個(gè)主流問題，但并沒有被充分意識(shí)到”符合題意。

4.文章指出：噪音會(huì)對(duì)人體的身心健康產(chǎn)生危害，并且圍繞這一點(diǎn)展開，因此D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人們的健康是一種威脅”符合題意。

5.最后一段指出：人們對(duì)噪音對(duì)健康的危害不夠重視，并且噪音和疾病以及殘疾之間的關(guān)系并沒有得到證實(shí)，由此推斷，作者認(rèn)為對(duì)噪音的研究是有必要的，可以以此喚醒人們對(duì)此的注意，故選項(xiàng)Dessential“有必要的”符合題意。

16.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare（

）inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.partners

B.rivals

C.enemies

D.companions

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)partner“同伴、合伙人”；B選項(xiàng)rival“對(duì)手、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者”；C選項(xiàng)enemy“敵人”；D選項(xiàng)companion“同伴、伙伴”，空格所在的句子為讓步狀語從句，句子意思為“盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)上是對(duì)手”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“對(duì)手”，和主句中的“goodfriends好朋友”是正反義詞關(guān)系，句意為：盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)上是對(duì)手，但是她們是很好的朋友。故正確答案選B。

17.翻譯題

Theatomicnumber(原子序數(shù))isequaltothenumberofelectronsperatomor,whatisequivalent,thenumberofprotons(質(zhì)子)pernucleus.

【答案】原子序數(shù)等于每個(gè)原子的電子數(shù)或者相當(dāng)于每個(gè)原子核的質(zhì)子數(shù)。

18.單選題

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericasinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericascommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters;non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericasinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildren’lackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians'intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or"disses"thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction”，whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s"CityWalk"attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst"physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring..."

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth（

）.

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto

（

）.

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause（

）.

4.Mad-doggingrefersto

（

）.

5.Thearchaicphrase,"Idemandsatisfaction"（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘許多非洲裔美國(guó)人來自南方…。’由第二段中第一句“PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.很多亞洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海文化的人也通過避開眼神來表示尊敬。很多非裔美國(guó)人，尤其是來自南部的那些人，也遵守這個(gè)風(fēng)俗?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“避開眼神接觸作為尊敬的表示”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘當(dāng)聽到別人說話時(shí)，白人交流者傾向于…’。由第三段第二句“Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.他們做的正好相反，當(dāng)他們?cè)诼牭臅r(shí)候，他們總是要看著說話的人。”確定A選項(xiàng)“一直看著講話者”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘許多美國(guó)城市的顧客對(duì)韓國(guó)店主感到憤怒，因?yàn)椤?。由第五段中第二句“non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.當(dāng)韓國(guó)人店主沒有直視他們時(shí)，非韓國(guó)顧客會(huì)變得生氣?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“韓國(guó)人店主沒有直視他們”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘Mad-dogging指的是…’。由倒數(shù)第四段第二句"Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.尤其是在城市中心，當(dāng)一個(gè)青少年直視另一個(gè)青少年時(shí)，這被認(rèn)為是一種挑釁，有時(shí)被稱為“瘋狂跟蹤”，并可能導(dǎo)致身體沖突?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)青少年對(duì)另外一位來自不同文化背景的青少年的一種挑釁”正確。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘古老的短語“我要求滿足”…’。由倒數(shù)第二段第三句“Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction",whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.就像古老的短語“我要求滿足”(Idemandsatisfaction)成為決斗的序曲一樣，冷眼盯著可能成為身體接觸的前奏?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致打架”正確。

19.單選題

Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycarslikeLexus,BMWandAudi.Butitisadevelopingtechnology—meaningpricesshouldeventuallydrop—andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.

Evenatcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive.Itcanguideyoufrompointtopointinmostmajorciti