考研考博-英語-安徽礦業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽礦業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

問題1選項

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

問題2選項

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

問題3選項

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

問題4選項

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

問題5選項

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一段提到我第一次在倫敦旅行時還是個學(xué)生。那時候依依不舍地離開媽媽的懷抱，還提著一個裝滿家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以選項B符合題意。

第2題:文章第一段提到盡管是在戰(zhàn)后艱苦的日子，我們依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象當(dāng)?shù)谝惶斓竭_(dá)倫敦寓所吃的食物的沮喪心情。所以選項A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位至第三段。作者認(rèn)為旅店女老板的裝扮非常俗氣，而他的朋友亞瑟在那里待了三天后對倫敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都沒有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪華的接待區(qū)和破敗的休息室和餐廳以及閣樓水槽等，并說到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪華的外表下竟是破敗的內(nèi)在。因此D項“虛有其表”正確。

第4題:作者和他的朋友的房間并不比頂樓大多少，四周是斑駁的墻壁。有一個褪了色的水池，水管整夜響不停，擺放的幾件家具還比不上英國監(jiān)獄局的。所以選項A符合題意。

第5題:文章倒數(shù)第一段提到日常的隱私和平靜可以保護(hù)我們不會墮落成瘋狂的兇手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一個人需要休息的場所和喘息的時間。所以選項D符合題意。

2.單選題

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan（）moreinlesstime.

問題1選項

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:complement“補(bǔ)足”；B:implement“實施”；C:;compliment“恭維”；D:accomplish“完成”。句意：通過調(diào)整你的心理狀態(tài)，你能在更短的時間里完成更多任務(wù)。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

3.單選題

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

問題1選項

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項carry“拿，運(yùn)送，攜帶”，指一般的搬運(yùn)，多指用人力；B選項fetch“（去）拿來，（去）請來”，指說話人離開說話處，去別處把某人或某物帶來；C選項bring“帶來，引來”，從別處拿某物到說話人處，由遠(yuǎn)及近；D選項reach“到達(dá)”。根據(jù)選項的意思及句意可知選B。句意：當(dāng)她看到了烏云的時候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨傘。

4.單選題

Electricvehiclesarepotentialgamechangersintransportation,asectorwhich（

）largestshareofoilconsumption.

問題1選項

A.poses

B.assumes

C.represents

D.owes

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。pose意為“產(chǎn)生，提出，擺好姿勢”；assume意為“假定，認(rèn)為”；represent意為“代表”；owe意為“欠，歸功于，應(yīng)給予”。

句意：電動汽車是交通運(yùn)輸中潛在的游戲變革者，是占石油消費(fèi)比重最大的部門。

5.單選題

Manygreatinventionsareinitiallygreetedwithridiculeanddisbelief.Theinventionoftheairplanewasnoexception.AlthoughmanypeoplewhoheardaboutthefirstpoweredflightonDecember17,1903wereexcitedandimpressed,othersreactedwithpealsoflaughter.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.Negativereactions,however,didnotstoptheWrights.Impelledbytheirdesiretosucceed,theycontinuedtheirexperimentsinaviation.

OrvilleandWilburWrighthadalwayshadacompellinginterestinaeronauticsandmechanics.Asyoungboystheyearnedmoneybymakingandsellingkitesandmechanicaltoys.Later,theydesignedanewspaper-foldingmachine,builtaprintingpress,andoperatedabicycle-repairshop.In1896,whentheyreadaboutthedeathofOttoLilienthal,thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.

Lilienthal,apioneerinhang-gliding,hadcontrolledhisglidersbyshiftinghisbodyinthedesireddirection.ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers,however,andtheysearchedformoreefficientmethodstocontrolthebalanceofairbornevehicles.In1990and1901,theWrightstestednumerousglidersanddevelopedcontroltechniques.Thebrothers’inabilitytoobtainenoughliftpowerfortheglidersalmostledthemtoabandontheirefforts.

Afterfurtherstudy,theWrightbrothersconcludedthatthepublishedtablesofairpressureoncurvedsurfacesmustbewrong.Theysetupawindtunnelandbeganaseriesofexperimentswithmodelwings.Becauseoftheirefforts,theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.Thiswork,inturn,madeitpossibleforthebrotherstodesignamachinethatwouldfly.In1903theWrightsbuilttheirfirstairplane,whichcostlessthan$1,000.

Theyevendesignedandbuilttheirownsourceofpropulsion―alightweightgasolineengine.WhentheystartedtheengineonDecember17,theairplanepulsatedwildlybeforetakingoff.Theplanemanagedtostayaloftfor12seconds,however,anditflew120feet.

By1905,theWrightshadperfectedthefirstairplanethatcouldturn,circle,andremainairborneforhalfanhouratatime.Othershadflowninballoonsandhanggliders,buttheWrightbrotherswerethefirsttobuildafull-sizemachinethatcouldflyunderitsownpower.Asthecontributorsofoneofthemostoutstandingengineeringachievementsinhistory,theWrightbrothersareaccuratelycalledthefathersofaviation.

1.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwas（

）tosomepeople.

2.SomepeoplethoughtthattheWrightbrothershad（

）.

3.TheWrights’interestinflightgrewintoa（

）.

4.Lilienthal’sideaaboutcontrollingairbornevehicleswas

（

）

theWrights.

5.Theoldtableswere（

）andreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.

問題1選項

A.boring

B.distasteful

C.exciting

D.needless

E.answernotavailable

問題2選項

A.actedwithoutthinking

B.beennegativelyinfluenced

C.beentoocautious

D.beenmistaken

E.actedinanegativeway

問題3選項

A.financialempire

B.plan

C.needtoact

D.foolishthought

E.answernotavailable

問題4選項

A.provenwrongby

B.oppositetotheideasof

C.dislikedby

D.acceptedby

E.improvedby

問題5選項

A.destroyed

B.invalidated

C.multiplied

D.approved

E.notused

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.”可知駕駛飛機(jī)的想法令一些人反感。因此B選項“使人不愉快的，令人反感的”符合題意。A選項“無聊的”；C選項“令人興奮的”；D選項“不必要的”：E選項“沒有答案”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.”這類人稱最早的飛機(jī)發(fā)明人萊特兄弟是沖動的傻瓜，可知一些人認(rèn)為萊特兄弟做事沖動，不經(jīng)思考，因此A選項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.”萊特兄弟對飛行的興趣發(fā)展成一種強(qiáng)迫行為，因此C選項符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers”這種想法對萊特兄弟而言是令人反感的，可知這種想法不被萊特兄弟喜歡，因此C選項符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.”舊表被及時廢除，取而代之的是第一個可靠的曲面氣壓數(shù)據(jù)，因此B選項“使無效，失效”符合題意。

6.單選題

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

問題1選項

A.facilitates

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項facilitates“促進(jìn)，幫助，使容易”；B選項initiates“開始，創(chuàng)始，發(fā)起，倡議”；C選項inhibits“抑制，約束”；D選項purifies“凈化，使純凈”。根據(jù)句意‘暴露于低強(qiáng)度的伽馬電磁輻射下可以放緩食物中腐敗微生物的生長速度，正如以極為相同的方式，在巴氏滅菌法中，低熱會遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐敗作用。’C選項正確。

7.單選題

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

問題1選項

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢復(fù)，恢復(fù)成（某個樣子），及物動詞，多用于被動語態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)用外力來恢復(fù)原狀”。句意：我們真誠地希望你們不久就能恢復(fù)健康。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

8.單選題

Olderpeoplealwaysenjoythe___oftheirrelatives.

問題1選項

A.company

B.accompaniment

C.companion

D.compassion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項company“公司；陪伴；同伴（尤指為某一目的聚集起來的一群人）；連隊；演出團(tuán)；賓客”；B選項accompaniment“伴奏；伴隨物”；C選項companion“同伴（和你一起旅行或花很多時間和你在一起的人或動物）；朋友；指南；手冊”；D選項compassion“同情；憐憫”。句意：上了年紀(jì)的人總是喜歡有親戚___。本句表達(dá)“年紀(jì)大的人喜歡有親戚陪伴”，因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.

13.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.

14.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.

15.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.

問題1選項

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

問題2選項

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問題3選項

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問題4選項

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問題5選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】11.【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?作者支持下列哪一種說法？

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.A.國民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的可靠指標(biāo)。

B.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.B.人口增長將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅。

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.C.繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長。

D.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.D.自然資源的減少不利于人類的福祉。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】本題要求選擇作者會贊同的一項，那么就要選擇符合原文的表述。原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來越大的壓力，必然會不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity）”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為自然資源減少不利于繁榮。第4段最后一句提到“從這種角度來看，在這個背景下，增長對地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，“這個角度或背景”指的是第3段的內(nèi)容，其中有一點(diǎn)提到“如果這意味著為了外國投資者和少數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)睾献髡叩睦娑鴦儕Z他們土地上的礦產(chǎn)和樹木資源（strippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasures）”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，為外國投資者和少數(shù)人利益而大量開采自然資源的發(fā)展是不利于增進(jìn)人民福祉的。綜上所述，作者應(yīng)該會贊同D選項“自然資源的減少不利于人類的福祉”的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“國民生產(chǎn)總值是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的可靠指標(biāo)”，可定位到原文第1段第2句，該句提到“國民生產(chǎn)總值據(jù)說（supposedly）是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的一個指標(biāo)”，根據(jù)其中“supposedly”提示，作者并不肯定這個指標(biāo)可靠，該選項表述錯誤，屬于過度推理；

B選項“人口增長將是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的主要威脅”，可定位到原文第1段第3句，該句提到“對日益減少的自然資源（dwindlingnaturalresources）施加越來越大的壓力，必然會不可避免地導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落（leadtoadeclineinprosperity），特別是再加上人口增長的話（accompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation）。”由此可知，該句提到經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的兩個威脅：日益減少的自然資源和人口增長，其中前者的影響更大，人口增長并不是主要威脅。該選項表述錯誤，屬于本末倒置；

C選項“繁榮的衰落將不可避免地導(dǎo)致人口的增長”，同樣可定位到原文第1段第3句，由該句可知，“人口增長”是因，“繁榮衰落”是果，該選項表述錯誤，顛倒了因果。

12.【選項釋義】

ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that____.第2、3段暗示____。

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

A.經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴于持續(xù)的繁榮

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountriesB.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并沒有加劇第三世界國家的貧困

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountriesC.富裕國家的增長是以犧牲第三世界國家為代價的

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanismsD.經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的各個階段不能被社會機(jī)制所取代或改變

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】本題需要掌握原文第2、3段的主旨大意。原文在第2段首句提出一個觀點(diǎn)“增長（growth）對經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行是必要的（isnecessary）”，然后舉第三世界國家的例子，在第2、3段提出了很多質(zhì)疑。在第2段提出“會不會是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，尤其是富裕國家的增長（thegrowthofthewealthiercountries），導(dǎo)致了（hascontributed）第三世界國家的貧困，而不是進(jìn)步（theimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries）？”第3段首句說“要弄清楚這是怎么回事（Toseehowthismightbethecase），我們必須著眼于這種增長對第三世界國家的影響”，緊接著詳細(xì)介紹了這些影響：機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品供出口，而不是供當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)（notforlocalconsumptionbutforexport）；為了外國資本的利益（thebenefitofforeigninvestors）剝削礦產(chǎn)和森林資源；沉重的外債（acrushingforeignindebtedness）等。綜上所述，這兩段表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是，在第三世界國家，有些經(jīng)濟(jì)增長完全是為了外國資本即富裕國家的利益，促進(jìn)了富裕國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，不僅沒有增加本國人民的福祉，反而導(dǎo)致了勞動力資源的占用、自然資源的流失以及大量的外債。C選項“富裕國家的增長是以犧牲第三世界國家為代價的”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行依賴于持續(xù)的繁榮”，是第2段首句提出的背景信息，是作者要反駁的觀點(diǎn)，該選項屬于本末倒置；

B選項“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并沒有加劇第三世界國家的貧困”，與原文表述相反，該選項屬于反向干擾；

D選項“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的各個階段不能被社會機(jī)制所取代或改變”，這兩段并沒有提及社會機(jī)制的問題，該選項屬于無中生有。

13.【選項釋義】

WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat____.關(guān)于第三世界國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，作者實際上說的是____。

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromitA.這些國家的人民并沒有真正從中受益

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopmentB.投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossibleC.沉重的債務(wù)實際上使這些國家不可能進(jìn)一步增長

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintactD.這些國家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無損

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】由第12題的解析可知，第三世界國家的發(fā)展實際上服務(wù)于外國投資商，而本國人民并未從中受益；并且第4段最后一句說到“這種增長對地球上不幸的人的福祉（thewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearth）的危害（moredetrimental）大于好處”，由此可知，這種增加，對于第三世界的人民來說，不僅沒有受益反而有危害，A選項“這些國家的人民并沒有真正從中受益”是作者想表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“投資不足嚴(yán)重影響了發(fā)展”，原文并沒有提到投資不足，而是這些投資都是為了外國投資者和少數(shù)人的利益，并不是為了大眾的福祉，該選項屬于無中生有；

C選項“沉重的債務(wù)實際上使這些國家不可能進(jìn)一步增長”，原文雖然提到了沉重的債務(wù)，且這些借來的錢沒有用于國家的發(fā)展，但是作者是為了說明這種發(fā)展對第三世界國家沒有好處，并不是想說阻礙了發(fā)展。何況，經(jīng)濟(jì)并沒有發(fā)展，更不存在進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了。該選項屬于過度推理；

D選項“這些國家的農(nóng)業(yè)本應(yīng)完好無損”，原文提到農(nóng)業(yè)，是為了說農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都用于出口了，并沒有說農(nóng)業(yè)不該機(jī)械化，該選項屬于無中生有。

14.【選項釋義】

Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity____.作者似乎認(rèn)為繁榮____。

A.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowthA.只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長才能實現(xiàn)

B.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowthB.能在沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的情況下實現(xiàn)

C.isatributetoman’sabilityandcreativityC.是對人類能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophesD.在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文在第1段就質(zhì)疑了繁榮與增長之間的關(guān)系，第一段最后一句提到“哪個是正確的（whichiscorrect）：增長意味著繁榮，沒有增長就意味著逆境，或者增長意味著逆境，沒有增長就意味著……什么？”由此可以推斷，作者不認(rèn)為繁榮與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長之間存在著必然的聯(lián)系。由第12題解析可知，作者在2-3段論述了“第三世界國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長就沒有給本國帶來繁榮”；第4段首句提到“這是一種過于簡單化的說法（anoversimplification），沒有一個國家是完全適用的，有的國家甚至完全不適用”，即“增長意味著繁榮”并不適用于所有國家；第5段首句提出疑問“我們需要增長來實現(xiàn)繁榮嗎（doweneedgrowthforprosperity）？”而作者的回答是“只有采用零增長才能提供答案（Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer）”。作者雖然沒有直接回答這個問題，但他給出的建議是試一試“零增長”，再結(jié)合作者前文中認(rèn)為增長并不意味著繁榮推斷，作者認(rèn)為繁榮在沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的情況下也有可能實現(xiàn)。B選項“能在沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的情況下實現(xiàn)”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“只有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長才能實現(xiàn)”，表述錯誤，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不一定能帶來繁榮；

C選項“是對人類能力和創(chuàng)造力的頌揚(yáng)”，可定位到原文最后一段第2句，該句提到“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)是令人難以置信的復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象，這是對人類組織能力的贊揚(yáng)?！痹闹傅氖恰敖?jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)雜性是對人類能力的贊揚(yáng)”，而非繁榮，該選項屬于張冠李戴；

D選項“在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，可定位到原文最后一段最后一句，該句提到了“不采取行動的話（thefailuretoactcouldmean），現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式可能會帶來威脅人類生存的環(huán)境災(zāi)難（environmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence）”，并不是說“繁榮在環(huán)境災(zāi)難面前是脆弱的”，該選項屬于曲解原文。

15.【選項釋義】

Theansweroftheauthortothequestion“Doweneedgrowthforprosperity”is____.對于“我們需要增長才能實現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”這個問題，作者的答案是____。

A.positiveA.肯定的

B.negativeB.否定的

C.vagueC.模糊的

D.inconclusiveD.不確定的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】由第14題解析可得，作者認(rèn)為實現(xiàn)繁榮不需要經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，即作者對“我們需要增長才能實現(xiàn)繁榮嗎？”的答案是B選項negative“否定的”。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項不符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。（C、D兩個選項意義一致，可以先排除。）

10.單選題

Acrosstheboard,Americancollegesanduniversitiesarenotdoingaverygoodjobofpreparingtheirstudentsfortheworkplaceortheirpost-graduationlives.Thiswasmadeclearbytheworkoftwosociologists,RichardArumandJosipaRoksa.In2011,theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.

ArumandRoksaplacedtheblameforstudents’lackoflearningonawatered-downcollegecurriculumandloweredundergraduateworkstandards.Althoughgoingtocollegeissupposedtobeafull-timejob,studentsspent,onaverage,only12to14hoursaweekstudyingandmanywereskatingthroughtheirsemesterswithoutdoingasignificantamountofreadingandwriting.Studentswhotakemorechallengingclassesandspendmoretimestudyingdolearnmore.Buttheprioritiesofmanyundergraduatesarewithextracurricularactivities,playingsports,andpartyingandsocializing.

LauraHamilton,theauthorofastudyonparentswhopayforcollege,willargueinaforthcomingbookthatcollegeadministrationsareoverlyconcernedwiththesocialandathleticactivitiesoftheirstudents.InPayingfortheParty,Hamiltondescribeswhatshecallsthe“partypathway,”whicheasesmanystudentsthroughcollege,helpedalongbyvariousclubsthatsendstudentsintothepartysceneandahostofeasiermajors.Bysanctioningthiswatered-downversionofcollege,universitiesare“cateringtothesocialandeducationalneedsofwealthystudentsattheexpenseofothers”whowon’tenjoythefinancialbackingorsocialconnectionsofricherstudentsoncetheygraduate.

Thesestudentsneedtobuildskillsandknowledgeduringcollegeiftheyaretousetheirdegreesasastepping-stonetomiddle-classmobility.Butmoreprivilegedstudentsmustnotwastethisopportunityeither.Asrecentgraduatescantestify,thejobmarketisn’tkindtocandidateswhocan’tdemonstrategenuinecompetence,alongwithawell-cultivatedwillingnesstoworkhard.NoristheglobaleconomyforgivingofanAmericanworkforcewithincreasinglyweakliteracy,mathandscienceabilities.Collegegraduateswillstillfarbetterthanthosewithonlyahighschooleducation,ofcourse.Butauniversitydegreeunaccompaniedbyagaininknowledgeorskillsisanemptyachievementindeed.Forstudentswhohavebeencoastingthroughcollege,andforAmericanuniversitiesthathavebeendemandinglesswork,offeringmoreattractionsandcharginghighertuition,thepartymaysoonbeover.

11.WhatisArumandRoksa’sfindingabouthighereducationinAmerica?

12.Whatisresponsibleforthestudents’lackofhigher-levelskills?

13.WhatdoesLauraHamiltonsayaboutcollegeadministrations?

14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthesociallyandfinanciallyprivilegedstudents?

15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.Itaimsatstimulatingtheintellectualcuriosityofcollegestudents.

B.Itfailstopreparestudentstofacethechallengesofmoderntimes.

C.Ithasexperienceddramaticchangesinrecentyears.

D.Ithastriedhardtosatisfystudents’variousneeds.

問題2選項

A.Thedilutedcollegecurriculum.

B.Theboringclassroomactivities.

C.Theabsenceofrigorousdiscipline.

D.Theoutdatededucationalapproach.

問題3選項

A.Theyfailtogiveadequatehelptotheneedystudents.

B.Theytendtooffertoomanylesschallengingcourses.

C.Theyseemtobeoutoftouchwithsociety.

D.Theyprioritizenon-academicactivities.

問題4選項

A.Theytendtohaveasenseofsuperiorityovertheirpeers.

B.Theycanaffordtochooseeasiermajorsinordertoenjoythemselves.

C.Theyspendalotoftimebuildingstrongconnectionswithbusinesses.

D.Theycanclimbthesocialladderevenwithoutadegree.

問題5選項

A.Americanhighereducationhaslostitsglobalcompetitiveness.

B.PeopleshouldnotexpecttoomuchfromAmericanhighereducation.

C.ThecurrentsituationinAmericanhighereducationmaynotlastlong.

D.Itwilltakealongtimetochangethecurrenttrendinhighereducation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】11.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)一二句In2011theyreleasedalandmarkstudytitled“AcademicallyAdrift,”whichdocumentedthelackofintellectualgrowthexperiencedbymanypeopleenrolledincollege.Inparticular,ArumandRoksafound,collegestudentswerenotdevelopingthecriticalthinking,analyticreasoningandotherhigher-levelskillsthatarenecessarytothriveintoday’sknowledge-basedeconomyandtoleadournationinatimeofcomplexchallengesanddynamicchange.“