考研考博-英語-安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

You（

）theclasstotellmethat:youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards.

問題1選項

A.needn’thaveinterrupted

B.needn’ttobeinterrupted

C.needn’ttointerrupt

D.needn’tinterrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards可知這里表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故空格處所填單詞表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，A項表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生完成的動作。故A項符合題意。句意：你本可以課后再過來告訴我那件事情，不必在上課時打斷我。

2.單選題

Doyouthinkthatreligionis______withscience?

問題1選項

A.comparative

B.compatible

C.competitive

D.comparable

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.comparative比較的，相比的B.compatible可共用的；兼容的

C.competitive競爭的D.comparable類似的；可比較的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】從介詞with可知，becompatiblewith是固定搭配，表示“與……相兼容”，且符合句意“你認(rèn)為宗教和科學(xué)是______嗎？”，所以該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】

A、C沒有此用法搭配；

D項becomparablewith表示“比得上……的，與……類似的”，不符合句意。

【句意】你認(rèn)為宗教可以和科學(xué)共存嗎？

3.單選題

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow."Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,"saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaround5%ayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85%ofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwould'vehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension（）.

2.Iftheretiree'spensionislessthan$5,000,itiswiseofhimto（）.

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

問題1選項

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

問題2選項

A.askthecompanyforalump-sumpayout

B.requirehisformerbosstofigureoutthevalueofhispension

C.takethepensionwithhimandmakeaprofitoutofit

D.collectthepensionathisretirementplan'snormalretirementage

問題3選項

A.earnlessinterest

B.bebetteroilthanwithatraditionalpension

C.startinvestmentimmediately

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits

問題4選項

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed

B.LeaveEarly,LoseBig

C.TheRetirementDilemma

D.TakethePensionwithYou

問題5選項

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlostbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow以及第二段Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.可知，如果你之前的工作有傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老金，那么退休之后你就得到一筆一定數(shù)目的養(yǎng)老金。故本題正確答案為D選項

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：如果退休人員的養(yǎng)老金賬戶不足5000美元，他怎么做會比較明智。根據(jù)原文第二段Ifit’slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000可知，如果少于5000美元，或者公司提供一次性支付，那么就會關(guān)閉養(yǎng)老金賬戶，把錢取出來做20年額投資，以8%的利率計算就是23000美元。由此可知C選項“拿著養(yǎng)老金（投資）賺取利潤”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為C項。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.可知，如果你有固定繳款計劃，而你提前退休了，那么問題就出現(xiàn)了。你開始把錢花在本可以賺取利息的投資項目上。后面舉例說明：如果你在55歲時退休，然后開始使用傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金，那么到65歲時，你的養(yǎng)老金只有你一直工作到65歲時的一半左右。由此可知，A選項“賺得的利息變少”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為A項。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問：下列哪一項適合作為最后三段的小標(biāo)題？分析原文可知，文章最后三段主要講的是提前退休與養(yǎng)老金的關(guān)系，過早退休開始使用養(yǎng)老金，會比工作到正常退休年齡損失大。因此，B選項“提前退休，損失巨大”最適合作為最后三段的標(biāo)題，故本題正確答案為B項。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問：下列哪一項表述不正確？選項B表示“如果一個人了解退休養(yǎng)老汁劃的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，那么提前退休是劃算的”明顯錯誤，由最后一段可知，提前退休會造成養(yǎng)老金減少，所以提前退休損失很大。其余選項與原文表述均相符，故本題正確答案為B選項。

4.單選題

IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.

Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.

Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.

TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.

OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.

SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?

3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.

4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.

5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.

問題1選項

A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcentury

B.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountries

C.theAmericanfrontierspirit

D.Americanhonesty

問題2選項

A.GoWest.

B.Bravethewildness.

C.Overcomedangersandhardships.

D.Travelfromplacetoplace.

問題3選項

A.coldweatheredandlackofwater

B.Indianraids

C.floodsandwildness

D.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks

問題4選項

A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguage

B.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperity

C.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagement

D.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains

問題5選項

A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtoday

B.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtoday

C.Americantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwest

D.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。從19世紀(jì)的西進(jìn)運(yùn)動再到當(dāng)今美國人的西進(jìn)精神，本文主要講了美國的拓荒精神，即美國人的勇氣和進(jìn)取心，以及能吃苦的精神。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對和克服許多危險和困難。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艱苦的勞動和激烈的競爭使邊疆人生活艱難，他們的語言也是如此。”以及最后一段“SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人覺得美國的拓荒精神已經(jīng)不存在了。但它以多種方式表現(xiàn)出來。美國人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國家是不常見的?！笨芍鼗木耋w現(xiàn)為能克服危險和困難，有勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故C項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對和克服許多危險和困難?！薄癏orriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴風(fēng)雪可能會毀掉他的牲畜，許多拓荒者自己也被凍死了。在夏天，一個拓荒者可能會無助地站在一邊，看著他的牛死去或莊稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他時候，洪水可能會沖走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危險來自印第安人的襲擊?！币约暗谒亩蔚谝痪洹癟heworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.在十九世紀(jì)中葉，對于一個愛好和平的拓荒者來說，最大的危險可能不是來自自然條件或印第安人，而是來自拓荒者。”可知早期拓荒者面臨自然災(zāi)害的威脅以及印第安人的襲擊。故D項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.在去西方的路上，一個人的成功或失敗在很大程度上取決于他的實(shí)力和管理能力。可知C項“拓荒者的成敗取決于他的力量與管理能力”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.美國人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國家是不常見的。”可知當(dāng)今美國人的拓荒精神體現(xiàn)為勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故B項正確。

5.單選題

Itisunfairto______fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungpeoplearebaddrivers.

問題1選項

A.deduce

B.generalize

C.minimize

D.transfer

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.deduce推論；推斷B.generalize概括；歸納

C.minimize使減少到最低限度D.transfer轉(zhuǎn)移；搬遷

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“從這兩件事中得出______并說所有的年輕人都是糟糕的司機(jī)是不公平的”可知，空格處是指從事件中得出的定論或者概論，而這個定論是不太準(zhǔn)確的，generalize指一些在大多數(shù)情況下或?qū)Υ蠖鄶?shù)人來說似乎是正確的事情，但在所有情況下可能不是完全正確的，故該題選擇B項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】

A項是指根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的真實(shí)信息或證據(jù)推斷出正確的結(jié)論，不符合句意；

C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】從這兩件事中得出結(jié)論說所有的年輕人都是糟糕的司機(jī)是不公平的。

6.單選題

ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-dayflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.Chile,therefore,isfightinghardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcominghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.ItissucceedinginexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWesternEuropebutnotinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.

LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChilestouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyear.Thestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworldwidecampaign,takingpartintradefairsandinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.Chile’sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararcgenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.

Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour'sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialist,visitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion'srivers.However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandpartpoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile'stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUSandEuropewhileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile'sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,includingGreenpeace,saythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-developed.

ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsuffertheculturaldestructionwitnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.ThepolicyofopeningupAntarcticatotourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanentsettlementsontheiceandmanypeopleseethedecisiontoallowtouriststhereasapoliticalmove,enhancingSantiago'sterritorialclaimoverpartofAntarctica.TheChileanGovernmenthaspromisedtorespecttheenvironmentasitseekstobringtourismpotential.TheGovernmentwillhavetomonitordevelopmentscloselyifitisgenuinelyconcernedincreatingabalanced,controlledindustryandifthepriceofanincreasinglylucrativetouristmarketisnotgoingtomeanthelossofmanyofChile'snaturalriches.

1.Chileisdisadvantagedinthepromotionofitstourismby（

）.

2.MorethanhalfofChile'stouristscomefrom

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,Chile'sgreatestattractionis

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,inWHICHareaimprovementisalreadyunderway?

5.Accordingtothearticle,inChile,theservicesofairlinestoAsiaare（

）.

問題1選項

A.geographicallocation

B.guerrillawarfare

C.politicalinstability

D.streetcrime

問題2選項

A.USA

B.theFarEast

C.westernEurope

D.Argentina

問題3選項

A.theunspoiltbeaches

B.thedryandhotdesert

C.thefamousmountainrange

D.thehighstandardofservices

問題4選項

A.Facilitiesintheskiresorts.

B.Domestictransportsystem.

C.AirservicestoAsia.

D.Roadnetworkinthesouth.

問題5選項

A.onlyasmallnumberofroutes

B.almostnon-existent

C.asmanyasinEurope

D.thelargestamount

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“智利在推銷旅游業(yè)時不足之處是……”。文章第一段提到“智利在推銷自己是一個好的旅游去處所面對的困難是因為它處在地球的最邊緣”（ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth），由此可知是因為它的地理位置導(dǎo)致旅游業(yè)發(fā)展不好，選項A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“智利一半以上的游客來自哪里”。文章第一段最后一句提到超過50%的游客來自阿根廷（Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher），選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者看來，智利最大的景點(diǎn)是……”。文章第二段最后一句提到王牌是安第斯山脈（ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange），選項C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，哪方面的改革已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行”。文章第三段提到“國內(nèi)的交通正在改善，豪華酒店正在其中一個國家公園內(nèi)興建”（Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks），由此可知，正在進(jìn)行改革的是國內(nèi)的交通系統(tǒng)，選項B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“從文章中可得知，智利通往亞洲的航線服務(wù)……”。文章第三段提到飛往亞洲的航線幾乎不存在（WhileChile'stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUSandEuropewhileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent），因此選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

"Museum"isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtothe

Muses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle’sLyceumhadamouseion,amusesshrineAlthoughtheCreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples-notablythatofHeraatOlympiabeforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllithadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywellknownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings"(mostlyGreek)forexhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant“Muses-shrine”.

Theinspirational-collectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries-whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrsprinces,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems-oftenantiqueengravedones-aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot"collected"either,but’’site-specific”，andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothoffabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem-andmostofthebuildingwerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporarysothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toimitation,andsocouldbe]consideredMuses-shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,TheBelvedereandtheCapitalinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly"inspirational"collections.Soontheymultiplied,and,gradually,exemplary"modem"workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancoiswasthemostfamousThen,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMmseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNaturhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving”collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword”inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（

）.

2.Paintingsandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere

（

）.

3.Modemmuseumscameintoexistenceinorderto

（

）.

4.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

問題2選項

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.boughtbychurches

C.donatedbypeople

D.madepartofthebuildings

問題3選項

A.protectroyalandchurchtreasures

B.improvecollations

C.stimulatepublicinterest

D.raisemorefunds

問題4選項

A.CollectionandCollectors

B.ModemMuseumsandTheirFunctions

C.TheEvolutionofMuseums

D.TheBirthofMuseums

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.句義推測題。根據(jù)文章大意可知文章主旨在于介紹museum一詞隨著時代的發(fā)展在詞義方面的演變，所以題干中的“Museumisaslipperyword”意指museum一詞的意思隨著歲月的變遷發(fā)生了改變，B選項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段的第二句‘"theywerenot‘collected’either,but‘site-specific’，andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsand...”“他們不是從其他地方收集起來的而是地方性的并且和建筑物是一體的……”可以排除A選項“從其他地方收集的”并且確定D選項“作為建筑物的一部分”正確。B選項和C選項沒有在文章中提到。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第二句“Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceivedthefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.”“工業(yè)革命時代社會仇視皇室和教堂的紀(jì)念物，這促使古文物收藏家們將它們放到了可以起保護(hù)作用的收藏館，其中最有名的收藏館就是MuseedesMonumentsFrancais”確定A選項‘保護(hù)王室和教會的財富’正確。

4.標(biāo)題歸納題。全文介紹了museum一詞意義的變化過程，以及museum一詞現(xiàn)代意義的由來。所以C選項正確。其它三項都只是介紹museum一詞的意義變化時提到的例子，不能作為全文標(biāo)題。

8.單選題

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganized,peopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments.“Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate,hesays.“Ifyoudon’tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways“bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturecontexts,”writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisagoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileInternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled“JapaneseSchoolgirlWatch”，servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

Thecountry’smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan’sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.

ThebestwaytograspJapan’smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ifyoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:damedesu?—it’snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalking

onamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).

1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreason?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile